A group-hole delay blasting delay time identification method based on a piezoelectric intelligent aggregate array

Abstract

The application relates to a group-hole delay blasting delay time identification method based on a piezoelectric intelligent aggregate array, piezoelectric signals during blasting are monitored through a plurality of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate sensor arrays, the piezoelectric signals are processed by using a CEEMDAN method to obtain a plurality of IMF components, a main component of an original signal is determined from the plurality of IMF components in combination with cross wavelet analysis through correlation with the original signal, the original signal is transformed through Hilbert transformation and a modulus value is taken, an envelope curve diagram is drawn and an actual delay time between vibration sections of group-hole delay blasting is determined through time points corresponding to each convex peak point in the envelope curve diagram, the delay time initial value between the vibration sections of the group-hole delay blasting is first determined, then the difference in distance from each blast hole to a monitoring point is considered, the delay time initial value between the sections is added or subtracted by a longitudinal wave propagation time difference, and the actual delay time between the sections of the group-hole delay blasting is determined, the actual delay time between the sections can be calculated, and the initiation network is optimized in combination with the blasting effect and the delay time, so that the blasting effect is improved, the construction efficiency is improved, and the construction safety is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of blasting monitoring technology, specifically a method for identifying the delay time of multi-hole delayed blasting based on a piezoelectric intelligent aggregate array. Background Technology

[0002] Engineering blasting is the most commonly used construction technique for breaking rocks. Among them, controlled blasting is widely used in various mining, civil engineering and water conservancy projects. In controlled blasting projects at home and abroad, multi-hole delayed blasting is often used. Due to different actual working conditions, the combination of delayed detonator segments used in different multi-hole delayed blasting schemes is different. However, due to the delay error of the detonator itself, there is a great difference between the actual delay time between segments and the design delay time.

[0003] Meanwhile, during actual blasting and excavation, due to unreasonable network delay time settings, misfires (where a section of detonators or explosives fails to detonate according to the designed delay time) often occur, which has a significant impact on the safety of engineering and technical personnel during construction.

[0004] Therefore, in order to accurately identify the actual inter-segment delay time in multi-hole delayed blasting, and optimize the design of the detonation network accordingly, thereby further improving the rock excavation blasting effect and improving construction efficiency; and to accurately determine whether misfires occur during the actual blasting process, ensuring the construction safety of engineering technicians, it is extremely necessary to effectively monitor the vibration of multi-hole millisecond delayed blasting and analyze it using advanced signal analysis methods. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for identifying the delay time of multi-hole delayed blasting based on piezoelectric intelligent aggregate array, which is used to identify the delay time of each segment during multi-hole delayed blasting and takes into account the distance difference of each segment.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for identifying the delay time of multi-hole delayed blasting based on piezoelectric smart aggregate array, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Explosive holes are laid out in the blasting area of ​​the multi-hole delayed blasting, and a detonation network is set up. Multiple piezoelectric smart aggregate sensors are buried below the blasting area.

[0009] Step 2: Detonate the explosive and monitor the original piezoelectric signal in the soil and rock using a piezoelectric smart aggregate sensor;

[0010] Step 3: Process the original piezoelectric signal using the improved CEEMDAN method to obtain multiple IMF components;

[0011] Step 4: Analyze the correlation between all IMF components and the original piezoelectric signal through cross-wavelet analysis, and select a main component with the highest correlation with the original piezoelectric signal from all IMF components;

[0012] Step 5: Perform Hilbert transform on the main component and draw an envelope diagram, and calculate the initial delay time between segments of the group-hole delay blasting with path difference through the corresponding moments of each convex peak point in the envelope diagram;

[0013] Step 6: According to the distance difference between each blast hole and the piezoelectric intelligent aggregate sensor, add or subtract the longitudinal wave propagation time difference to the initial delay time between segments, so as to determine the actual delay time between segments of the group-hole delay blasting.

[0014] Furthermore, the value of the burial depth Δh of the piezoelectric intelligent aggregate sensor in Step 1 should satisfy: 0 < Δh - L < L + 1, where L is the depth of the blast hole.

[0015] Furthermore, in Step 2, the number of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate sensors is positively correlated with the number of blast holes, and the number of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate sensors is not less than 10.

[0016] Furthermore, Step 3 includes the following steps:

[0017] Step 31: Use the EMD method to find the minimum and maximum points of the original piezoelectric signal;

[0018] Step 32: Draw the envelope lines of the maximum and minimum points, and calculate the average value m of the envelope line;

[0019] Step 33: Subtract the average value of the envelope line from the original piezoelectric signal to obtain the IMF component h(t), and its formula is:

[0020] h(t) = f(x) - m

[0021] where f(x) is the original piezoelectric signal and m is the average value of the corresponding envelope line.

[0022] Furthermore, after decomposing a IMF component through the CEEMDAN method in Step 3, white noise or the IMF component of white noise is added to the residue again, and the average value of the IMF component at this time is calculated, and the appropriate number of IMF components is obtained through successive iterations.

[0023] Furthermore, in Step 5, the initial delay time between segments of the group-hole delay blasting with path difference is calculated through the corresponding moments of each convex peak point in the envelope diagram The formula is:

[0024]

[0025] where Ti j Let i be the time corresponding to the i-th peak in the envelope diagram of the j-th piezoelectric measuring point signal.

[0026] Furthermore, step 6 includes the following steps:

[0027] Step 61: Calculate the time difference in seismic wave propagation caused by the difference in the distance between the blast center of each borehole. The formula is:

[0028]

[0029] Where c is the propagation velocity of seismic waves in the blasting area, and D i,j Let be the distance from the i-th borehole to the j-th piezoelectric smart aggregate sensor;

[0030] Step 62: Calculate the actual inter-segment delay interval ΔT i,i+1 Its formula is:

[0031]

[0032] Where, when D i+1,j ≥D i,j When, ± takes the minus sign; when D i+1,j <D i,j When, ± is taken with a plus sign, c is the propagation velocity of seismic waves in the blasting area, and D i,j Let be the distance from the i-th borehole to the j-th piezoelectric smart aggregate sensor.

[0033] Furthermore, it also includes step 7:

[0034] Step 7: Count the number of peaks in the envelope diagram. If the number of peaks is equal to the number of segments in the detonation network, there are no misfires; if the number of peaks is less than the number of segments in the detonation network, there are blast holes that have not been detonated normally.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention, by adopting the above technical solution, has the following advantages:

[0036] 1. This invention can be used for monitoring multi-hole delayed blasting. It monitors the piezoelectric signals during blasting using multiple piezoelectric smart aggregate sensor arrays. The CEEMDAN method is used to process the piezoelectric signals to obtain multiple IMF components. Cross-wavelet analysis is combined with correlation analysis to determine the principal component of the original signal among the multiple IMF components. Then, Hilbert transform is applied, and the modulus value is extracted to draw an envelope diagram. The initial value of the inter-segment delay time of the multi-hole delayed blasting vibration is first determined by analyzing the time corresponding to each peak point in the envelope diagram. Then, considering the difference in distance from each borehole to the monitoring point (the propagation distance of the seismic P-wave), the P-wave propagation time difference is added to or subtracted from the initial value of the inter-segment delay time to determine the actual inter-segment delay time of the multi-hole delayed blasting. This allows for the calculation of the actual inter-segment delay time. By combining the blasting effect and the delay time, the detonation network can be optimized, thereby improving the blasting effect and increasing construction efficiency.

[0037] 2. This invention optimizes the CEEMNAD method to denoise the acquired piezoelectric signals, thereby improving the accuracy of the final actual inter-segment delay time.

[0038] 3. This invention can compare and analyze the actual inter-segment delay time obtained by identification with the designed theoretical delay time to determine whether a misfire has occurred, and can optimize the network delay time based on the actual delay time to reduce the occurrence of misfires and ensure the safety of construction in the next stage.

[0039] 4. The present invention determines the arrangement method and quantity of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate array based on the hole layout method of group hole delayed blasting. The equipment involved is relatively simple and can be appropriately adjusted according to the blasting scheme, which is convenient for implementation.

[0040] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the time history curve of a typical blasting vibration piezoelectric signal.

[0043] Figure 3 This is an EMD-IMF envelope diagram of a piezoelectric signal. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0045] like Figure 1As shown, a vibration monitoring system based on group-hole delay blasting includes multiple piezoelectric intelligent aggregate sensors. According to the hole layout method of group-hole delay blasting and the single-hole charge amount, the piezoelectric intelligent aggregate sensors are buried at a suitable distance outside the blasting area. The distance from each blast hole to each monitoring point (piezoelectric intelligent aggregate sensor) is D i,j , where i is the blast hole number in the millisecond initiation network of group holes, and j is the sensor number in the piezoelectric intelligent aggregate monitoring array;

[0046] Figure 1 In, a is the hole spacing, b is the row spacing. The number of sensors in the piezoelectric intelligent aggregate array depends on the specific number of blast holes. Usually, the number of sensors should not be less than N = i / 10. The piezoelectric intelligent aggregate array is distributed as evenly as possible in the horizontal direction under the surface blast holes, and the value of the buried depth Δh of the sensor should satisfy 0 < Δh - L < (L + 1)m, where L is the blast hole depth.

[0047] Example 1:

[0048] As Figure 1 shown, a delay time identification method based on vibration monitoring of group-hole delay blasting includes the following steps:<00001зо>

[0049] Step 1: Carry out the explosive hole layout method in the blasting area of group-hole delay blasting, arrange the initiation network, and bury multiple piezoelectric intelligent aggregate sensors outside the blasting area; [[ID=1э]]

[0050] The value of the buried depth Δh of the piezoelectric intelligent aggregate sensor should satisfy: 0 < Δh - L < L + 1 (unit: m), where L is the blast hole depth;

[0051] The number of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate sensors is positively correlated with the number of blast holes, and the number of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate sensors is not less than 10;

[0052] Step 2: Detonate the explosive, and monitor the original piezoelectric signal in the rock and soil through the piezoelectric intelligent aggregate sensor;

[0053] Step 3: Process the original piezoelectric signal using the improved CEEMDAN method to obtain multiple IMF components, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0054] Step 31: Use the EMD method to find the minimum and maximum points of the original piezoelectric signal; [[ID=з4]]

[0055] Step 32: Make the envelope lines of the maximum and minimum points, and calculate the average value m of the envelope lines;<00001а5>

[0056] [[ID=зՕ]]Step 33: Subtract the average value of the envelope line from the original piezoelectric signal to obtain the IMF component h(t), and its formula is: [[ID=зэ]]

[0057] h(t) = f(x) - m

[0058] Where f(x) is the original piezoelectric signal and m is the average value of the corresponding envelope.

[0059] After obtaining an IMF component by decomposing using the CEEMDAN method, white noise or white noise IMF components are added to the residual, and the mean of the IMF component is calculated. The appropriate number of IMF components is obtained through successive iterations.

[0060] Step 4: Perform cross-wavelet analysis on the correlation between all IMF components and the original piezoelectric signal, and select the principal component with the highest correlation to the original piezoelectric signal from all IMF components.

[0061] Step 5: Perform Hilbert transform on the principal components and plot the envelope diagram, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the initial delay time between each segment of the multi-hole delayed blasting, including the path difference, is calculated from the corresponding time of each convex peak point in the envelope diagram (e.g., ...). Figure 2 The figure shown is a schematic diagram of the time history curve of a typical blasting vibration piezoelectric signal (it cannot accurately determine the time corresponding to each peak point). The formula is:

[0062]

[0063] Among them, T i j The time corresponding to the i-th peak in the envelope diagram of the j-th piezoelectric measuring point (i.e., the envelope diagram of the piezoelectric signal converted by the j-th piezoelectric smart aggregate sensor) is given. Here, i is at most 27, which corresponds to each blast hole, and 27 inter-segment delay times can be identified.

[0064] Step 6: Based on the distance differences between each blast hole and the piezoelectric smart aggregate sensor, add or subtract the longitudinal wave propagation time difference to the initial inter-section delay time to determine the actual inter-section delay time for group-hole delayed blasting. This includes the following steps:

[0065] Step 61: Calculate the time difference in seismic wave propagation caused by the difference in the distance between the blast center of each borehole. The formula is:

[0066]

[0067] Where c is the propagation velocity of seismic waves in the blasting area, and D i,j Let be the distance from the i-th borehole to the j-th piezoelectric smart aggregate sensor;

[0068] Step 62: Calculate the actual inter-segment delay interval ΔT i,i+1 Its formula is:

[0069]

[0070] Where, when D i+1,j ≥D i,j When, ± takes the minus sign; when D i+1,j <D i,j When, ± is taken with a plus sign, c is the propagation velocity of seismic waves in the blasting area, and D i,j Let be the distance from the i-th borehole to the j-th piezoelectric smart aggregate sensor;

[0071] Step 7: Count the number of peaks in the envelope diagram. If the number of peaks is equal to the number of segments in the detonation network, there are no misfires; if the number of peaks is less than the number of segments in the detonation network, there are blast holes that have not been detonated normally.

[0072] As one implementation method, the value of the embedment depth Δh of the piezoelectric smart aggregate sensor in step 1 should satisfy: 0 < Δh - L < (L + 1) m, where L is the depth of the blast hole.

[0073] In one implementation, the number of piezoelectric smart aggregate sensors is positively correlated with the number of blast holes, and the number of piezoelectric smart aggregate sensors is not less than 10.

[0074] In summary, this invention can be used for monitoring multi-hole delayed blasting to ensure the safety and effectiveness of controlled blasting, and to promptly analyze whether there are blind blasts during multi-hole delayed blasting. At the same time, the arrangement method and quantity of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate arrays can be determined according to the hole layout method of multi-hole delayed blasting. The equipment involved is relatively simple and can be appropriately adjusted according to the blasting scheme. It has the characteristics of simple design, low cost and convenient implementation.

[0075] The above description provides examples of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. Parts not detailed herein are common knowledge to those skilled in the art. The scope of protection of the present invention is determined by the claims. Any equivalent modifications based on the technical teachings of the present invention are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A delay time identification method for group-hole delay blasting based on a piezoelectric intelligent aggregate array, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step 1, arranging explosive holes in a blasting area of group-hole delay blasting, arranging an initiation network, and burying a plurality of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate sensors under the blasting area; Step 2, igniting the explosive, and monitoring the original piezoelectric signal in the rock and soil through the piezoelectric intelligent aggregate sensors; Step 3, processing the original piezoelectric signal by using an improved CEEMDAN method to obtain a plurality of IMF components; the step 3 is that, after an IMF component is obtained by using the CEEMDAN method, white noise or an IMF component of white noise is added to the residual value again, and the mean of the IMF component at this time is calculated, and a proper number of IMF components is obtained through iteration; Step 4, calculating the correlation degree of all the IMF components and the original piezoelectric signal through cross wavelet analysis, and selecting a main component with the highest correlation degree from all the IMF components; Step 5, performing Hilbert transform on the main component and drawing an envelope curve, and calculating the initial delay time between each section of the group-hole delay blasting with the distance difference through the time corresponding to each peak point in the envelope curve; Step 6, adding or subtracting the propagation time difference of the longitudinal wave to the initial delay time between the sections according to the distance difference between each blast hole and the piezoelectric intelligent aggregate sensor, so as to determine the actual delay time between the sections of the group-hole delay blasting.

2. The delay time identification method of group-hole delay blasting based on piezoelectric intelligent aggregate array according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step 1, the depth Δh of the piezoelectric intelligent aggregate sensor should satisfy 0<Δh-L<L+1, wherein L is the depth of the blast hole.

3. The delay time identification method of group-hole delay blasting based on piezoelectric intelligent aggregate array according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step 2, the number of the piezoelectric intelligent aggregate sensors is positively correlated with the number of the blast holes, and the number of the piezoelectric intelligent aggregate sensors is not less than 10.

4. The delay time identification method of group-hole delay blasting based on piezoelectric intelligent aggregate array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step 3 comprises the following steps: Step 31, finding the minimum point and the maximum point of the original piezoelectric signal by using the EMD method; Step 32, drawing an envelope curve of the maximum point and the minimum point, and calculating the average value m of the envelope curve; Step 33, subtracting the average value of the envelope curve from the original piezoelectric signal to obtain an IMF component h(t), and the formula is: h(t)=f(x)-m wherein f(x) is the original piezoelectric signal, and m is the average value of the envelope curve.

5. The delay time identification method of group-hole delay blasting based on piezoelectric intelligent aggregate array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The initial delay time between each section of the group-hole delay blasting with the distance difference is calculated by the corresponding time of each convex peak point in the envelope diagram in step 5 The formula is: wherein T i j is the time instant corresponding to the i-th peak of the envelope of the j-th piezoelectric sensor signal.

6. The delay time identification method of group-hole delay blasting based on piezoelectric intelligent aggregate array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step 6 comprises the following steps: Step 61, calculate the seismic wave propagation time difference caused by the distance difference of each blast hole explosion center The formula is: wherein c is the propagation speed of the seismic wave in the blasting area, D i,j is the distance from the i th blasthole to the j th piezoelectric intelligent aggregate sensor; Step 62, calculate the actual interval of delay ΔT between segments i,i+1 The formula is: wherein, when D i+1,j ≥ D i,j , the ± takes minus sign; when D i+1,j < D i,j , the ± takes plus sign, c is the propagation speed of the seismic wave in the blasting area, and D i,j is the distance from the i th blast hole to the j th piezoelectric intelligent aggregate sensor.

7. The delay time identification method of group-hole delay blasting based on piezoelectric intelligent aggregate array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further comprises the following step: Step 7, counting the number of peaks of the envelope curve, if the number of peaks is equal to the number of sections of the initiation network, there is no misfire, and if the number of peaks is less than the number of sections of the initiation network, there is a blast hole that is not normally initiated.

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