Assembly inspection method for planetary gears and axle gears in differentials

Abstract

The assembly inspection method of planetary gears and side gears in a differential is as follows: first, select planetary gears and side gears of the same specification and the same batch as the planetary gears and side gears in the differential to be inspected, and install the planetary gears and side gears on a bevel gear rolling inspection machine and mesh them respectively; second, position the planetary gears circumferentially and the side gears axially, contact the probe of the dial indicator with the tooth surface of the side gears and adjust to zero, measure the tooth side clearance by rotating the side gears, adjust the measured tooth side clearance from a preset minimum value a of the tooth side clearance to a preset maximum value b of the tooth side clearance by axially moving the planetary gears, and obtain the range of the axial movement displacement L of the planetary gears; third, measure the axial clearance of the side gears in the differential to be inspected, and obtain the range of the measurement value H. If the range of the measurement value H is included in the range of the axial movement displacement L, the assembly of the inspected differential is qualified, otherwise it is unqualified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an assembly detection method for planetary gears and half-shaft gears in a differential, and belongs to the field of differential assembly detection. Background Art

[0002] During assembly of the differential assembly of a new energy reducer, the side clearance of the planetary axle gears must be maintained. According to design requirements, the side clearance is generally between AB. However, due to structural limitations of the assembled differential, direct measurement of the side clearance is not possible. Instead, the axial clearance of the axle gears is typically measured as a proxy for side clearance. In theory, side clearance and axial clearance are interchangeable. Because the planetary and axle gears are precision forgings, they require finishing after forging before assembly into the differential. This results in significant discrepancies between the theoretical and actual values ​​calculated using simulation software. Testing the side clearance of the planetary and axle gears in the assembled differential based on theoretical values ​​often results in high error rates, leading to frequent malfunctions such as noise and jamming after the differential assembly is installed on the vehicle. Therefore, accurately and effectively testing the side clearance of the planetary and axle gears in the assembled differential assembly to ensure it meets design requirements is a technical challenge that must be addressed before the differential is installed on the vehicle. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The method for detecting the assembly of planetary gears and axle gears in a differential provided by the present invention has controllable errors compared to theoretical values ​​calculated using simulation software, and can accurately and effectively detect and determine whether the assembly of planetary gears and axle gears in a differential is qualified. The method is suitable for individually detecting differentials equipped with planetary gears and axle gears after batch modification of the same specification, thereby improving the detection reliability of the differential before assembly on a complete vehicle and reducing the failure rate of the differential during operation of the complete vehicle.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] A method for assembling and inspecting planetary gears and side gears in a differential is characterized by the following steps:

[0006] The first step is to select planetary gears and side gears of the same specifications and batch repair as the planetary gears and side gears in the differential being tested, and install the planetary gears and side gears on the bevel gear rolling inspection machine and mesh them;

[0007] The second step is to position the planetary gear circumferentially and the side gear axially, place the dial indicator probe in contact with the tooth surface of the side gear and adjust it to zero, measure the tooth side clearance by rotating the side gear, and adjust the measured tooth side clearance from the preset minimum tooth side clearance value a to the preset maximum tooth side clearance value b by axially moving the planetary gear, and obtain the range of the axial displacement L of the planetary gear;

[0008] The third step is to measure the axial clearance of the half-shaft gears in the differential being tested to obtain the range of the measurement value H. If the range of the measurement value H is included in the range of the axial movement displacement L, the differential being tested is qualified, otherwise it is unqualified.

[0009] Preferably, the second step specifically refers to:

[0010] S1: Insert one tooth of the side gear into one tooth groove of the planet gear, then axially position the side gear and circumferentially position the planet gear;

[0011] S2: Place a dial indicator on the axle gear, make sure the dial indicator probe contacts the tooth surface of the axle gear shaft and adjust to zero;

[0012] S3: Gently turn the axle gear until it stops turning and record the dial indicator reading as Cg;

[0013] S4: Loosen the circumferential positioning of the planetary gear, rotate the planetary gear so that one tooth of the planetary gear extends into a tooth groove of the axle gear, then re-position the planetary gear circumferentially and re-zero the dial indicator;

[0014] S5: Gently turn the axle gear until it stops turning, and record the dial indicator reading as Cp;

[0015] S6: Calculate the average value of the tooth side clearance C = (Cg + Cp) / 2;

[0016] S7: Fine-tune the axial position of the planetary shaft gear, and repeat steps S1 to S6 after each fine-tune, and calculate the axial displacement L1 of the planetary shaft gear from the average value of the tooth side clearance C=a to the average value of the tooth side clearance C=b;

[0017] S8: Engage each tooth of the side gear with the corresponding tooth groove of the planet gear in turn, and repeat steps S1 to S7 to obtain axial displacements L2, L3, ..., Ln, where n = the number of teeth of the side gear. The maximum and minimum values ​​of L1 to Ln are taken to obtain the range of the axial displacement L.

[0018] Preferably, "extending a tooth of the half-shaft gear into a tooth groove of the planetary gear" in step S1 specifically refers to: rotating the planetary gear so that the radial center line of the tooth groove in which the planetary gear and the half-shaft gear are meshed is set horizontally, and a tooth of the half-shaft gear is extended into the tooth groove in which the radial center line is set horizontally.

[0019] Preferably, in step S4, "rotating the planetary gear so that a tooth in the planetary gear extends into a tooth groove of the side gear" specifically means: rotating the planetary gear so that the radial center line of the tooth meshing with the planetary gear and the side gear is horizontally set, and the tooth with the horizontal radial center line extends into the tooth groove of the side gear.

[0020] Preferably, step S7 specifically includes: fine-tuning the axial position of the planetary gear according to the difference between the calculated average value C of the tooth side clearance and a, repeating steps S1 to S6 until the calculated average value C of the tooth side clearance = a, and recording the axial position La of the planetary gear shaft at this time; fine-tuning the axial position of the planetary gear according to the difference between the calculated average value C of the tooth side clearance and b, repeating steps S1 to S6 until the calculated average value C of the tooth side clearance = b, and recording the axial position Lb of the planetary gear shaft at this time; and calculating the axial distance between the axial position La and the axial position Lb as the axial displacement L1 of the planetary shaft tooth.

[0021] Preferably, "measuring the axial clearance of the side gears in the tested differential to obtain a range of measurement values ​​H" means measuring the axial clearance of the side gears when each tooth of the side gears in the tested differential is engaged with the corresponding tooth groove of the planetary gear, obtaining measurement values ​​H1, H2, ..., Hn, where n = the number of teeth of the side gears, and taking the maximum and minimum values ​​from H1 to Hn to obtain the range of measurement values ​​H.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the invention are:

[0023] The present invention relates to an assembly and inspection method for planetary gears and side gears in a differential, wherein the planetary gears and side gears of the same specification and batch are meshed, the side gears are rotated when the planetary gears are circumferentially positioned and cannot rotate, and a dial indicator is used to measure the rotational displacement of the side gears to obtain the tooth side clearance, and the measured tooth side clearance is adjusted from a preset minimum tooth side clearance value to a maximum value by axially moving the planetary gears to obtain the range of the axial displacement L of the planetary gears when the preset minimum tooth side clearance value is adjusted to the maximum value, and then the axial clearance of the side gears in the differential being inspected is measured with a dial indicator to obtain the range of the measured value H. If the range of the measured value H is included in the range of the axial displacement L, the differential assembly is qualified, otherwise it is unqualified; the tooth side clearance of the meshing of the planetary gears and the side gears is adjusted by relative movement of the planetary gears and the side gears on a bevel gear rolling inspection machine, and the range end of the measurement range is measured using the known preset side tooth clearance range. The axial displacement L of the planetary gear between the point values ​​is compared with the range of the axial displacement L and the range of the measured value H to accurately and effectively judge whether the differential is qualified. The present invention directly measures the tooth side clearance formed by the meshing of the modified planetary gear and the half-shaft gear, and adjusts the tooth side clearance between the endpoint values ​​of the preset range to obtain the axial displacement L. The axial displacement L is the allowable axial clearance range within the preset tooth side clearance range. Compared with the theoretical value calculated according to the simulation software, its error is controllable, and whether the assembly of the planetary gears and the half-shaft gears in the differential is qualified can be accurately and effectively detected and determined. It is suitable for testing one by one the differentials equipped with planetary gears and half-shaft gears after batch modification of the same specification, and assembling the qualified differentials on the whole vehicle. The unqualified differentials are adjusted and assembled with shims until they pass the test, thereby improving the detection reliability of the differential before the whole vehicle is assembled and reducing the failure rate of the differential during the operation of the whole vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a side gear tooth extending into a tooth groove arranged horizontally along the radial centerline of the planetary gear.

[0025] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the horizontal arrangement of the radial center lines of the tooth grooves where the planetary gears mesh with the side gears.

[0026] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the planetary gear teeth, which are arranged horizontally along the radial centerline, extending into the tooth grooves of the side gears.

[0027] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the horizontal arrangement of the radial center lines of the planetary gears meshing with the side gears. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following combination Figures 1 to 4 The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.

[0029] A method for assembling and inspecting planetary gears and side gears in a differential is characterized by the following steps:

[0030] The first step is to select planetary gears and side gears of the same specifications and batch repair as the planetary gears and side gears in the differential being tested, and install the planetary gears and side gears on the bevel gear rolling inspection machine and mesh them;

[0031] The second step is to position the planetary gear circumferentially and the side gear axially, place the dial indicator probe in contact with the tooth surface of the side gear and adjust it to zero, measure the tooth side clearance by rotating the side gear, and adjust the measured tooth side clearance from the preset minimum tooth side clearance value a to the preset maximum tooth side clearance value b by axially moving the planetary gear, and obtain the range of the axial displacement L of the planetary gear;

[0032] The third step is to measure the axial clearance of the half-shaft gears in the differential being tested to obtain the range of the measurement value H. If the range of the measurement value H is included in the range of the axial movement displacement L, the differential being tested is qualified, otherwise it is unqualified.

[0033] The above-mentioned method for assembling and inspecting planetary gears and side gears in a differential is to mesh planetary gears and side gears of the same specification and batch, rotate the side gears when the planetary gears are circumferentially positioned and cannot rotate, and use a dial indicator to measure the rotational displacement of the side gears to obtain the tooth side clearance, and adjust the measured tooth side clearance from a preset minimum value to a maximum value by axially moving the planetary gears, thereby obtaining the range of the axial displacement L of the planetary gears when adjusting from the preset minimum value to the maximum value of the tooth side clearance, and then use a dial indicator to measure the axial clearance of the side gears in the differential being inspected to obtain the range of the measured value H. If the range of the measured value H is included in the range of the axial displacement L, the differential assembly is qualified, otherwise it is unqualified; the planetary gears and side gears are used to relative run on a bevel gear rolling inspection machine to adjust the tooth side clearance of the meshing of the planetary gears and the side gears, and the range end is measured using the known preset side tooth clearance range. The axial displacement L of the planetary gear between the point values ​​is compared with the range of the axial displacement L and the range of the measured value H to accurately and effectively judge whether the differential is qualified. The present invention directly measures the tooth side clearance formed by the meshing of the modified planetary gear and the half-shaft gear, and adjusts the tooth side clearance between the endpoint values ​​of the preset range to obtain the axial displacement L. The axial displacement L is the allowable axial clearance range within the preset tooth side clearance range. Compared with the theoretical value calculated according to the simulation software, its error is controllable, and whether the assembly of the planetary gears and the half-shaft gears in the differential is qualified can be accurately and effectively detected and determined. It is suitable for testing one by one the differentials equipped with planetary gears and half-shaft gears after batch modification of the same specification, and assembling the qualified differentials on the whole vehicle. The unqualified differentials are adjusted and assembled with shims until they pass the test, thereby improving the detection reliability of the differential before the whole vehicle is assembled and reducing the failure rate of the differential during the operation of the whole vehicle.

[0034] The second step specifically refers to:

[0035] S1: As Figure 1 As shown, the planetary gear 1 is rotated so that the radial center line of the tooth groove of the planetary gear 1 and the side gear 2 is horizontally arranged, and one tooth of the side gear 2 extends into the tooth groove with the radial center line horizontally arranged. Then, the side gear is axially positioned and the planetary gear is circumferentially positioned; as shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown, the radial centerline 111 of the tooth groove 11 is arranged horizontally, and a tooth 21 of the side gear extends into the tooth groove 11. When the planetary gear 1 is circumferentially positioned and cannot rotate, the side gear 2 rotates, causing the tooth 21 to move in the tooth groove 11. When the tooth 21 contacts the tooth wall of the tooth groove 11 and cannot move further, the rotational displacement of the side gear 2 at this time is the tooth side clearance between the tooth 21 and the tooth groove 11.

[0036] S2: Place a dial indicator on the axle gear, make sure the dial indicator probe contacts the tooth surface of the axle gear shaft and adjust to zero;

[0037] S3: Gently turn the axle gear until it stops turning and record the dial indicator reading as Cg;

[0038] S4: Loosen the circumferential positioning of the planetary gear, such as Figure 3 As shown, rotate the planetary gear 1 so that the radial center line of the teeth meshing with the side gear 2 is horizontally set, and the teeth with the radial center line set horizontally extend into the tooth groove of the side gear 2. Then reposition the planetary gear circumferentially and re-zero the dial indicator. Figure 4 As shown, the radial centerline 121 of the tooth 12 is arranged horizontally and extends into the tooth groove 22 of the side gear 2. When the planetary gear 1 is circumferentially positioned and cannot rotate, the side gear 2 rotates, causing the tooth groove 22 to rotate relative to the tooth 12. When the tooth wall of the tooth groove 22 contacts the tooth 12, it cannot move further. At this time, the displacement of the side gear 2 is the tooth side clearance between the tooth groove 22 and the tooth 12.

[0039] S5: Gently turn the axle gear until it stops turning, and record the dial indicator reading as Cp;

[0040] S6: Calculate the average side clearance C = (Cg + Cp) / 2, where Cg is the side clearance measured when the side gear teeth rotate in the planet gear slots, and Cp is the side clearance measured when the planet gear teeth extend into the side gear slots and the side gear slots rotate relative to the planet gear teeth. The planet gears are circumferentially positioned and cannot rotate. Two side clearance measurements are generated by the rotation of the side gear teeth relative to the planet gear slots and the rotation of the side gear slots relative to the planet gear teeth. The two measured values ​​are then averaged to ensure the accuracy of the side clearance measurement and to ensure that the average side clearance C is closer to the side clearance of the planet gears and side gears in the differential being tested, ensuring that the error is controllable.

[0041] S7: Based on the difference between the calculated average value of the tooth side clearance C and a, fine-tune the axial position of the planetary gear, and repeat steps S1 to S6 until the calculated average value of the tooth side clearance C=a, and record the axial position La of the planetary gear shaft at this time; based on the difference between the calculated average value of the tooth side clearance C and b, fine-tune the axial position of the planetary gear, and repeat steps S1 to S6 until the calculated average value of the tooth side clearance C=b, and record the axial position Lb of the planetary gear shaft at this time; the axial distance between the axial position La and the axial position Lb is calculated as the axial displacement L1 of the planetary shaft tooth. The displacement of each axial position fine-tuning of the planetary gear and the axial position after each fine-tuning are recorded by the grating scale on the bevel gear rolling detection machine. Based on the axial position La and axial position Lb recorded by the grating scale, the axial distance between the two positions, i.e., the axial displacement L1 of the planetary shaft tooth, can be calculated;

[0042] S8: Sequentially mesh each side gear tooth with the corresponding tooth groove of the planet gear, and repeat steps S1 to S7 to obtain axial displacements L2, L3, ..., Ln, where n = the number of side gear teeth. The maximum and minimum values ​​from L1 to Ln are taken to obtain the range of axial displacement L. Steps S1 to S7 are repeated for each side gear tooth meshing with the corresponding tooth groove of the planet gear to obtain the allowable axial clearance of each side gear tooth within the preset tooth side clearance range. The maximum to minimum values ​​from L1 to Ln are taken to obtain the allowable axial clearance range within the preset tooth side clearance range, i.e., the range of axial displacement L.

[0043] Here, "measuring the axial clearance of the side gears in the differential being tested to obtain a range of measurement values ​​H" means measuring the axial clearance of the side gears when each tooth of the side gears in the differential being tested meshes with the corresponding tooth groove of the planetary gear, obtaining measurement values ​​H1, H2, ..., Hn, where n = the number of side gear teeth, and taking the maximum and minimum values ​​from H1 to Hn to obtain the range of measurement values ​​H. After each measurement, one side gear tooth is rotated to sequentially mesh each side gear tooth with the corresponding tooth groove of the planetary gear. The axial clearance of each tooth when meshing with the corresponding tooth groove is measured to obtain measurement values ​​H1, H2, ..., Hn. The range of measurement values ​​H is obtained by taking the maximum to minimum values ​​from H1 to Hn.

[0044] The above fully describes the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for assembling and inspecting planetary gears and side gears in a differential, characterized in that: The steps are: The first step is to select planetary gears and side gears of the same specifications and batch repair as the planetary gears and side gears in the differential being tested, and install the planetary gears and side gears on the bevel gear rolling inspection machine and mesh them; Step 2, S1: Insert one tooth of the side gear into one tooth groove of the planet gear, then axially position the side gear and circumferentially position the planet gear; S2: Place a dial indicator on the axle gear, make sure the dial indicator probe contacts the tooth surface of the axle gear shaft and adjust to zero; S3: Gently turn the axle gear until it stops turning and record the dial indicator reading as Cg; S4: Loosen the circumferential positioning of the planetary gear, rotate the planetary gear so that one tooth of the planetary gear extends into a tooth groove of the axle gear, then re-position the planetary gear circumferentially and re-zero the dial indicator; S5: Gently turn the axle gear until it stops turning, and record the dial indicator reading as Cp; S6: Calculate the average value of the tooth side clearance C = (Cg + Cp) / 2; S7: Fine-tune the axial position of the planetary shaft gear, and repeat steps S1 to S6 after each fine-tune, and calculate the axial displacement L1 of the planetary shaft gear from the average value of the tooth side clearance C=a to the average value of the tooth side clearance C=b; S8: Engage each tooth of the side gear with the corresponding tooth groove of the planet gear in sequence, and repeat steps S1 to S7 to obtain axial displacements L2, L3, ..., Ln, where n = the number of teeth of the side gear. The maximum and minimum values ​​of L1 to Ln are taken to obtain the range of the axial displacement L; The third step is to measure the axial clearance of the side gears when each tooth of the side gears in the differential being tested is engaged with the corresponding tooth groove of the planetary gear, and obtain measurement values ​​H1, H2, ..., Hn, where n = the number of teeth of the side gears. The maximum and minimum values ​​from H1 to Hn are taken to obtain the range of the measurement value H. If the range of the measurement value H is included in the range of the axial movement displacement L, the differential being tested is qualified; otherwise, it fails.

2. The method for detecting the assembly of planetary gears and side gears in a differential according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, "inserting a tooth of the side gear into a tooth groove of the planetary gear" specifically means: rotating the planetary gear so that the radial center line of the tooth groove in which the planetary gear and the side gear mesh are horizontally arranged, and one tooth of the side gear is inserted into the tooth groove in which the radial center line is horizontally arranged.

3. The method for detecting the assembly of planetary gears and side gears in a differential according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S4, "rotating the planetary gear so that one tooth of the planetary gear extends into a tooth groove of the side gear" specifically means: rotating the planetary gear so that the radial center line of the teeth meshing with the side gear is horizontally arranged, and the teeth with the horizontal radial center line extend into the tooth groove of the side gear.

4. The method for detecting the assembly of planetary gears and side gears in a differential according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step S7 specifically includes: fine-tuning the axial position of the planetary gear according to the difference between the calculated average side clearance C and a, repeating steps S1 to S6 until the calculated average side clearance C=a, and recording the axial position La of the planetary gear shaft at this time; fine-tuning the axial position of the planetary gear according to the difference between the calculated average side clearance C and b, repeating steps S1 to S6 until the calculated average side clearance C=b, and recording the axial position Lb of the planetary gear shaft at this time; and calculating the axial distance between the axial position La and the axial position Lb as the axial displacement L1 of the planetary shaft tooth.

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