An integrated system and method for monitoring blasting vibration of slope rock mass in open-pit mines

Abstract

An integrated system for monitoring blasting vibration of slope rock mass in open-pit mines and its usage method belong to the technical field of rock mass blasting monitoring, and include a main support device and a solar power supply device. The main support device is installed on the ground surface of the rock mass, and the solar power supply device is installed on the main support device. The data acquisition and transmission device is installed in the power supply box of the solar power supply device, and the blasting vibration sensor of the data acquisition and transmission device extends into a drill hole below the surface of the slope. In the present invention, the blasting vibration sensor realizes the simple and labor-saving horizontal lowering of the blasting vibration sensor into the drill hole of the slope rock mass through a plurality of connecting rods, the notch on the lower support gasket, the annular body and the spirit level; and according to the consistency between the fully threaded screw rod and the X-axis direction of the blasting vibration sensor and the compass on the upper support gasket, the included angle formed by the X-axis of the blasting vibration sensor and the centers of multiple blasting sources in multiple blasts can be measured, meeting the monitoring requirements of blasting vibration and greatly improving the accuracy of the collected data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of rock mass blasting monitoring, and specifically relates to an integrated system for monitoring blasting vibration of rock mass on the open-pit mine slope and a using method thereof. Background Technique

[0002] Rock mass excavation blasting is an important process technology and means in the open-pit mine production project. At the same time, slope blasting operation is also one of the external factors affecting the stability of the open-pit mine slope. Due to the action of the explosion load, blasting operation inevitably causes dynamic damage to the interior of the slope rock mass. At the same time, with the formation of a new free surface, the physical and mechanical properties of the rock mass are disturbed and deteriorated. The formed excavation disturbed area or excavation damage area has an adverse impact on the safety of the slope project, and to a certain extent, it will trigger the occurrence of geological disaster problems on the open-pit slope. Therefore, strengthening the control of blasting vibration effect has become an inevitable trend in mine safety production and management. Based on this, strengthening the research on the blasting vibration effect of the open-pit mine slope and studying the propagation law of blasting vibration in the slope rock mass through on-site blasting vibration measurement tests is of great significance.

[0003] At present, most domestic and foreign scholars mainly focus on the short-term monitoring of surface blasting vibration in the mining area. First of all, for the open-pit mine slope project, the vast majority of the areas where blasting vibration monitoring is placed are in the surface soil layer. The measured blasting vibration velocity will be slightly greater than the blasting vibration velocity in the rock mass, and there is a certain deviation from the blasting vibration velocity inside the slope rock mass to be studied. However, there is currently no relevant technology for measuring the blasting vibration velocity deep in the slope rock mass. It can be seen that the technology for monitoring the blasting vibration velocity inside the slope rock mass needs to be further developed. The advantages of the existing technology blasting vibration monitoring sensor are that it can receive data in real time, store data, and upload the data to the data cloud platform by using the wireless network method. The requirements for surface arrangement of the sensor are as follows: the X-axis of the sensor needs to be aligned with the center of the blasting area, that is, the center of the explosion source. The bottom of the sensor should be placed as horizontally as possible. Otherwise, the greater the horizontal inclination angle, the greater the error of the measured data. In addition, for surface monitoring, the sensor also needs to be rigidly bonded to the rock mass by cement slurry or gypsum.

[0004] Analogous to the surface blasting vibration monitoring technology, the following problems exist in the internal monitoring of slope rock mass:

[0005] 1. It is difficult to accurately align the X-axis of the sensor with the center of the explosion source or accurately measure the angle between the center of the explosion source and the X-axis of the sensor during the internal blasting monitoring of the slope rock mass. The deviation of the angle will directly lead to data deviation;

[0006] 2. The operation of lowering the sensor to a relatively deep part inside the slope rock mass through drilling is difficult, laborious and cumbersome. At the same time, it is also difficult to ensure the monitoring arrangement requirements of placing the bottom of the sensor horizontally and coupling with the rock mass;

[0007] 3. Due to the complex blasting engineering environment and unstable power supply in open-pit mine slopes, it is difficult to ensure long-term and stable on-site monitoring of repeated blasting vibrations. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The object of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of existing blasting vibration monitoring technologies and propose an integrated system and method for monitoring blasting vibrations of slope rock masses in open-pit mines. The present invention can enable the blasting vibration sensor to be horizontally placed inside the slope rock mass and coupled with the slope rock mass through the cooperation of various components to meet the monitoring layout requirements. Moreover, it can align the X-axis direction of the sensor with the center of the blasting area and accurately measure the angle between the X-axis and the centers of multiple blast sources in multiple blasts, meeting the requirements for collecting blasting monitoring data. It is simple to implement on-site, greatly improving the accuracy of blasting vibration data. At the same time, the combination of solar power supply and wired power supply ensures long-term and stable monitoring to a certain extent.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0010] An integrated system for monitoring blasting vibrations of slope rock masses in open-pit mines includes a main support device, a data acquisition and transmission device, and a solar power supply device. The main support device is installed on the ground surface of the rock mass, the solar power supply device is installed on the main support device, the data acquisition and transmission device is installed in the power supply box of the solar power supply device, and the blasting vibration sensor of the data acquisition and transmission device extends into the monitoring borehole of the slope rock mass.

[0011] The main support device includes a main support vertical rod, an upper support gasket, a lower support gasket, a connecting rod, and a support anchor claw. The main support vertical rod is a hollow structure, and a solar panel is fixedly installed at the top through a triangular support frame. A box mounting plate is provided on the main support vertical rod below the solar panel for installing the power supply box. A wire passing hole is drilled on the main support vertical rod below the box mounting plate. The bottom end of the main support vertical rod is welded with an upper support gasket, and through holes with the same inner diameter size as the main support vertical rod are provided at the centers of the upper support gaskets. The upper support gasket is connected to the lower support gasket by bolts. The support anchor claws for fixedly installing the main support device on the slope rock mass are circumferentially installed on the lower support gasket. The support anchor claws can adapt to support in the ground surface with different borehole diameters. A through hole is provided at the center of the lower support gasket, and a ring-shaped body that protrudes upward and has the same inner diameter as the through hole is welded on the lower support gasket. Cuts are symmetrically provided on the lower support gasket, and the cuts penetrate the ring-shaped body. One end of the connecting rod is installed with a fully threaded screw rod, and the other end extends into the borehole below the ground surface and the end is installed with a blasting vibration sensor. The fully threaded screw rod is smaller than the width of the rectangular cut and larger than the diameter of the ring-shaped body.

[0012] When lowering the blasting vibration sensor, the full-threaded screw is located in the notch, and during the installation process, the operator needs to hold the connecting rod by hand; when installed at the designated position, the operator rotates the full-threaded screw on the connecting rod to overlap on the top of the annular body.

[0013] The connecting rod includes a plurality of rod bodies. The rod bodies are of hollow structure. One end of the inner wall is machined with internal threads and radially arranged through holes Ⅰ, and the outer wall of the other end is machined with external threads and radially arranged through holes Ⅱ. Adjacent rod bodies are connected by the cooperation of internal threads and external threads, and the full-threaded screw is threaded through the through holes Ⅰ and Ⅱ and then tightened by a nut.

[0014] The blasting vibration sensor is rigidly sealed and wrapped by a housing. The top of the steel housing is provided with an internal thread interface and a radial through hole. The internal thread is connected with the external thread of the connecting rod in a matching manner, and the full-threaded screw passes through the radial through hole and is fixed by tightening with a nut.

[0015] A compass is installed on the upper surface of the upper support gasket for measuring the angle between the X-axis of the blasting vibration sensor and the centers of multiple blasting sources during multiple blasts.

[0016] A spirit level is installed on the upper surface of the lower support gasket and a grouting hole is provided. The lower support gasket is ensured to be horizontally placed through the spirit level, so as to ensure that the blasting vibration sensor is horizontally placed. Cement slurry couples the blasting vibration sensor with the slope rock mass through the grouting hole.

[0017] A usage method of an integrated system for monitoring blasting vibration of open-pit mine slope rock mass includes the following steps:

[0018] Drill a hole on the ground surface through a drill, and then fix and install the lower support gasket on the ground through bolts and support anchor claws, and ensure that the through hole of the annular body on the lower support gasket is coaxial with the drill hole; connect the connecting rod to the specified length in sequence, connect the blasting vibration sensor at its bottom, and install the full-threaded screw at its top; lower the blasting vibration sensor into the drill hole through the annular body. At this time, the full-threaded screw is located in the notch. After lowering to the specified depth of the drill hole, rotate the connecting rod to make the full-threaded screw on the connecting rod overlap on the annular body to initially limit the position of the blasting vibration sensor in the drill hole, and then grout into the drill hole through the grouting hole to fix the blasting vibration sensor; pass the power cord of the blasting vibration sensor through the wire passing hole and connect it to the power supply box, and finally install the part above the upper support gasket on the lower support gasket through bolts; when the open-pit mine conducts blasting operations, collect the blasting vibration signals through the blasting vibration sensor and transmit them to the cloud monitoring platform.

[0019] The technical effects of the present invention are:

[0020] 1. An integrated system for monitoring blasting vibration of slope rock mass in open-pit mines. The blasting vibration sensor can be easily and labor-savingly lowered into the slope rock mass hole through multiple connecting rods, rectangular openings on the lower support gasket, annular bodies and spirit levels. And according to the consistency of the all-thread screw with the X-axis direction of the blasting vibration sensor and the compass on the upper support gasket, the included angle between the X-axis of the blasting vibration sensor and the centers of multiple blasting sources of multiple blasts can be measured, meeting the requirements of blasting vibration monitoring and greatly improving the accuracy of the collected data.

[0021] 2. The integrated system for monitoring blasting vibration of slope rock mass in open-pit mines provided by the present invention can effectively ensure long-term stable online monitoring of blasting vibration through a combination of solar power supply and wired power. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of an integrated system for monitoring blasting vibration of slope rock mass in open-pit mines according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of the part below the ground of an integrated system for monitoring blasting vibration of slope rock mass in open-pit mines according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of the part above the ground of an integrated system for monitoring blasting vibration of slope rock mass in open-pit mines according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the lower support gasket and the upper support gasket of an integrated system for monitoring blasting vibration of slope rock mass in open-pit mines according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] 1. Solar panel; 2. Triangular support frame; 3. Box installation plate; 4. Upper support gasket; 5. Lower support gasket; 6. Connecting rod; 7. All-thread screw; 8. Blasting vibration sensor; 9. Main support vertical rod; 10. Power supply box; 11. Wire passing hole; 12. Support anchor claw; 13. Circular spirit level; 14. Compass; 15. Grouting hole; 16. Annular body; 17. Rectangular opening. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0027] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

[0028] As Figures 1 to 4As shown in the figure, an integrated system for monitoring blasting vibration of slope rock mass in open-pit mines includes a main support device, a data acquisition and transmission device, and a solar power supply device. The main support device is installed on the ground surface of the rock mass. The solar power supply device includes a solar panel 1 and a power supply box 10. The solar panel 1 is installed on the top of the main support device, and the power supply box 10 is installed on the side wall of the main support device. A storage battery is installed in the power supply box 10. The positive and negative poles of the solar panel 1 are connected to the corresponding interfaces of the solar charge controller to prevent overcharging of the storage battery and protect the storage battery. The solar charge controller is connected to the input end of the storage battery, and the output end of the storage battery is connected to an inverter. The data acquisition and transmission device 10 includes a blasting vibration sensor 8 and a router. The router is installed in the power supply box 10. The blasting vibration sensor 8 extends into the monitoring borehole of the slope rock mass. The blasting vibration sensor 8 is a three-axis intelligent vibration sensor, which integrates the functions of collecting three-direction acceleration signals, measuring, analyzing and calculating, storing, wirelessly transmitting, and storing electricity. It is a small-sized intelligent vibration sensor that supports multiple wireless communication methods to connect to the upper computer or access the cloud, and can be wirelessly remotely controlled through mobile phones, tablets, and PCs. The blasting vibration sensor 8 and the router are connected to the storage battery through the inverter. The signal antenna of the blasting vibration sensor 8 is placed in the power supply box 10 to receive the WiFi signal of the router. The collected blasting vibration signal is wirelessly transmitted to the cloud monitoring platform. The storage battery can also be replaced with an external 220v power supply to supply power to the load.

[0029] The main body support device includes a main body support vertical rod 9, an upper support gasket 4, a lower support gasket 5, a connecting rod 6 and a support anchor claw 12. The main body support vertical rod 9 is of a hollow structure, and a solar panel 1 is fixedly installed at the top through a triangular support frame 2. A box installation plate 3 is arranged on the main body support vertical rod 9 below the solar panel 1 for installing a power supply box 10. A wire passing hole 11 is drilled on the main body support vertical rod 9 below the box installation plate 3. The power cord and signal antenna of the blasting vibration sensor 8 extend upward along the connecting rod 6 and the main body support vertical rod 9 and pass through the wire passing hole 11 of the main body support vertical rod 9 into the power supply box 10. Among them, the power cord is connected to an inverter. The bottom end of the main body support vertical rod 9 is welded with an upper support gasket 4. Through holes with the same inner diameter size as the main body support vertical rod 9 are opened at the centers of the upper support gaskets 4. The upper support gasket 4 is connected to the lower support gasket 5 by bolts. Support anchor claws 12 for fixedly installing the main body support device on the slope rock mass are circumferentially installed on the lower support gasket 5. The support anchor claws 12 can adapt to drilling holes of different diameters and support on the ground surface. A through hole is opened at the center of the lower support gasket 5, and a ring-shaped body 16 that protrudes upward and has the same inner diameter as the through hole is welded on the lower support gasket 5. Rectangular notches 17 are symmetrically opened on the lower support gasket 5, and the rectangular notches 17 penetrate the ring-shaped body 16. One end of the connecting rod 6 is installed with a full-threaded screw rod 7, and the other end extends into a drill hole below the ground surface and a blasting vibration sensor 8 is installed at the end. The full-threaded screw rod 7 is smaller than the width of the rectangular hole and larger than the diameter of the ring-shaped body 16.

[0030] When lowering the blasting vibration sensor 8, the full-threaded screw rod 7 is located in the rectangular notch 17, and during the installation process, the operator needs to hold the connecting rod 6 by hand; when installed at the designated position, the operator rotates the connecting rod 6 so that the full-threaded screw rod 7 on the connecting rod 6 overlaps the top of the ring-shaped body 16.

[0031] The connecting rod 6 includes a plurality of rod bodies. The rod bodies are of a hollow structure. One end of the inner wall is machined with internal threads and a radially arranged through hole Ⅰ, and the outer wall of the other end is machined with external threads and a radially arranged through hole Ⅱ. Adjacent rod bodies are connected by the cooperation of internal threads and external threads, and the full-threaded screw rod 7 is passed through the through hole Ⅰ and the through hole Ⅱ and then tightened by a nut.

[0032] The blasting vibration sensor 8 is rigidly sealed and wrapped by a steel shell with an IPX6 waterproof grade. An internal thread interface and a radial through hole are arranged on the upper part of the steel shell. The internal thread is in threaded connection with the external thread of the rod member. The full-threaded screw rod 7 passes through the radial through hole and is tightened with a nut; the radial through hole is arranged to be consistent with the X-axis direction of the sensor. Correspondingly, the full-threaded screw rod 7 is in the same X-axis direction as the blasting vibration sensor 8.

[0033] A compass 14 is installed on the upper surface of the upper support gasket 4 for measuring the included angle between the X-axis of the blasting vibration sensor 8 and the centers of multiple blasting sources in multiple blasts.

[0034] A circular spirit level 13 is installed on the upper surface of the lower support gasket 5 and a grouting hole 15 is provided. The circular spirit level 13 ensures that the lower support gasket 5 is placed horizontally, thereby ensuring that the blasting vibration sensor 8 is placed horizontally. Cement slurry couples the blasting vibration sensor 8 with the slope rock mass through the grouting hole 15.

[0035] A method for using an integrated system for monitoring blasting vibration of slope rock mass in open-pit mines comprises the following steps:

[0036] Drill a hole on the ground surface through a drill, and then fixedly install the lower support gasket 5 on the ground through bolts and support claws 12, and ensure that the through hole of the annular body 16 on the lower support gasket 5 is coaxial with the drill hole; Connect the connecting rod 6 to a specified length in sequence, connect the blasting vibration sensor 8 to its bottom, and install a full-threaded screw 7 on its top; Lower the blasting vibration sensor 8 into the drill hole through the annular body 16. At this time, the full-threaded screw 7 passes through the rectangular notch 17 and is lowered to a specified depth in the drill hole. Then rotate the connecting rod 6 to make the full-threaded screw 7 on the connecting rod 6 rest on the annular body 16 to initially limit the position of the blasting vibration sensor 8 in the drill hole, and then grout into the drill hole through the grouting hole 15 to fix the blasting vibration sensor 8; Pass the power cord of the blasting vibration sensor 8 through the wire passing hole 11 and connect it to the inverter in the power supply box 10. The storage battery in the power supply box 10 supplies power to the router and the blasting vibration sensor 8 through the inverter. The signal antenna of the blasting vibration sensor 8 is placed in the power supply box 10 to receive the router WiFi signal. Finally, the part above the upper support gasket 4 is installed on the lower support gasket 4 through bolts; When blasting operations are carried out in the open-pit mine, the blasting vibration sensor 8 collects blasting vibration signals and transmits them to the cloud monitoring platform.

Claims

1. An integrated system for monitoring blasting vibration of rock mass on the slope of an open-pit mine, characterized in that, It includes a main body support device, a data acquisition and transmission device, and a solar power supply device. The main body support device is installed on the ground surface of the rock mass. The solar power supply device is installed on the main body support device. The data acquisition and transmission device is installed in the power supply box of the solar power supply device, and the blasting vibration sensor of the data acquisition and transmission device extends into the monitoring borehole below the surface of the slope. The main body support device includes a main body support vertical rod, an upper support gasket, a lower support gasket, a connecting rod, and a support anchor claw. The main body support vertical rod is of a hollow structure, and a solar panel is fixedly installed at the top through a triangular support frame. A box installation plate is provided on the main body support vertical rod below the solar panel for installing the power supply box. A wire passing hole is drilled on the main body support vertical rod below the box installation plate. The bottom end of the main body support vertical rod is welded with an upper support gasket. Through holes with the same inner diameter size as the main body support vertical rod are provided at the centers of the upper support gaskets. The upper support gasket is connected to the lower support gasket through bolts. Support anchor claws for fixedly installing the main body support device on the slope rock mass are circumferentially installed on the lower support gasket. The support anchor claws can adapt to support in the ground with different hole diameters. Through holes are provided at the centers of the lower support gaskets, and an upward convex ring body with the same inner diameter as the through hole is welded on the lower support gasket. Cuts are symmetrically provided on the lower support gasket, and the cuts penetrate the ring body. One end of the connecting rod is installed with a full-threaded screw rod, and the other end extends into the borehole below the ground surface and a blasting vibration sensor is installed at the end. When lowering the blasting vibration sensor, the full-threaded screw rod is located in the cut, and during the installation process, the operator needs to hold the connecting rod by hand. When installed at the designated position, the operator rotates the full-threaded screw rod on the connecting rod to lap on the top of the ring body.

2. The integrated system for monitoring blasting vibration of open-pit mine slope rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting rod includes multiple rod bodies. The rod bodies are of a hollow structure. Internal threads and radially arranged through holes Ⅰ are machined on the inner wall of one end, and external threads and radially arranged through holes Ⅱ are machined on the outer wall of the other end. Adjacent rod bodies are connected through the cooperation of the internal threads and the external threads, and the full-threaded screw rod is passed through the through holes Ⅰ and Ⅱ and tightened with a nut.

3. An integrated system for monitoring blasting vibration of rock mass on open-pit mine slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blasting vibration sensor is rigidly sealed and wrapped by a shell. An internal thread interface and a radial through hole are provided at the top of the steel shell. The internal thread is matched with the external thread of the connecting rod, and the full-threaded screw rod passes through the radial through hole and is tightened and fixed with a nut.

4. An integrated system for monitoring blasting vibration of open-pit mine slope rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: A compass is installed on the upper surface of the upper support gasket for measuring the angle between the X-axis of the blasting vibration sensor and the centers of multiple blasting sources during multiple blasts.

5. An integrated system for monitoring blasting vibration of slope rock mass in open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: A spirit level is installed on the upper surface of the lower support gasket and grouting holes are provided. The spirit level ensures that the lower support gasket is placed horizontally, thereby ensuring that the blasting vibration sensor is placed horizontally. Cement slurry couples the blasting vibration sensor with the slope rock mass through the grouting holes.

6. The usage method of an integrated system for monitoring blasting vibration of open-pit mine slope rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Drill a hole on the ground surface with a drill rig, and then fix and install the lower support gasket on the ground through bolts and support anchor claws, and ensure that the through hole of the annular body on the lower support gasket is coaxial with the drill hole; Connect the connecting rod to the specified length in sequence, connect the blasting vibration sensor at its bottom, and install the full-threaded screw rod at its top; Lower the blasting vibration sensor into the drill hole through the annular body. At this time, the full-threaded screw rod is located in the notch. After lowering it to the specified depth of the drill hole, rotate the connecting rod so that the full-threaded screw rod on the connecting rod is placed on the annular body to initially limit the position of the blasting vibration sensor in the drill hole, and then grout into the drill hole through the grouting hole to fix the blasting vibration sensor; Pass the power supply wire of the blasting vibration sensor through the wire passing hole and connect it to the power supply box, and finally install the part above the upper support gasket on the lower support gasket through bolts; When blasting operations are carried out in open-pit mines, collect blasting vibration signals through the blasting vibration sensor and transmit them to the cloud monitoring platform.

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