Multifunctional sample detection equipment for fire rescue site

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of fire and rescue equipment technology, specifically a multifunctional sample detection equipment for fire and rescue sites. It has a main housing containing a signal acquisition and processing device, a Raman spectroscopy detection module, a gas collection box, and a power supply device. The signal acquisition and processing device is connected to the Raman spectroscopy detection module and the gas detector, while the power supply device powers the entire equipment. It also includes a sample collection box comprising a sample bottle, a solvent bottle, a pressurized gas cylinder, and a heater. By heating the gas in the pressurized gas cylinder or using gas pressure to push the solvent into the sample bottle, the gaseous or liquid substances precipitated after reacting with the sample are detected by the Raman spectroscopy detection module and the gas collection box, and the results are fed back to the operator. This invention enables multifunctional and multi-type sampling and analysis of environmental components at fire and rescue sites, allowing rescue personnel to quickly assess the situation, take timely protective measures against hazardous substances, increase rescue efficiency, and ensure personnel safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fire rescue equipment technology, specifically relating to a multifunctional sample testing equipment for fire rescue sites. Background Technology

[0002] Detection and investigation at disaster sites such as fires and hazardous chemical accidents are crucial aspects of fire and rescue operations. Conducting various tests at the accident site helps determine the level of hazard in the environment, identify unknown substances, determine potentially present substances, and obtain vital information such as the types, physicochemical properties, composition, and concentration distribution of key substances. This information provides technical support for emergency response, rescue operations, organizational decision-making, cause investigation, and environmental assessment. However, fire and rescue sites are complex environments, and the samples tested are diverse, with complex compositions, varied forms, and high levels of uncertainty. Using a single detection and analysis method and instrument is unlikely to yield comprehensive and effective results.

[0003] Therefore, a comprehensive approach integrating multiple detection technologies is needed to meet the practical needs of rapid detection at fire scenes. Raman spectroscopy offers advantages such as short analysis time, strong identification capability, and ease of use, enabling accurate qualitative analysis of solid and liquid samples in a very short time. It is widely used in various on-site detection tasks and is a powerful and relatively ideal technical means for rapid detection at fire rescue scenes. However, Raman spectroscopy also has two limitations: firstly, its detection capability is not high, typically failing to detect components with low content or concentration; secondly, its detection range is limited, usually unable to effectively detect gaseous samples or detect potential radiation hazards in the environment. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy combines noble metal nanomaterials with special optical properties (surface-enhanced Raman detection substrate) with ordinary Raman spectroscopy, significantly enhancing the detection signal of ordinary Raman spectroscopy for samples, bringing the sample detection limit down to the molecular level, and greatly improving the detection capability of samples. Toxic and harmful gases and radiation in fire scene environments are also important detection targets. Electronic sensors have advantages such as fast response, high sensitivity, strong specificity, and convenient integration. Electrochemical gas sensors and radiation sensors can rapidly and accurately detect specific gases and types of radiation.

[0004] Therefore, this invention aims to provide a portable, multifunctional device with a clever structure and simple operation, featuring Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, electrochemical sensors, and radiation sensors. This device provides strong technical support for on-site fire sample and environmental testing and analysis, and has significant practical value. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multifunctional sample detection equipment for fire and rescue sites that is versatile in detection methods, easy to operate, small in size, and portable, for the rapid detection of gaseous and solid samples at fire and rescue sites.

[0006] The multifunctional sample testing equipment for fire rescue sites provided by this invention includes a gas and solid sample testing device.

[0007] The gas and solid sample detection device includes a Raman spectroscopy detection module, a gas detector, and a sample detection box;

[0008] The Raman spectroscopy detection module is equipped with a laser probe;

[0009] The gas detector includes a gas collection box and several gas detection sensors. The gas detection sensors are disposed in the gas collection box, and the gas collection box body is provided with an air inlet for the gas to be tested to enter.

[0010] The test sample box includes a removable sample bottle, a solvent bottle, a pressurized gas cylinder, and a heater;

[0011] The test sample box is divided into two areas: one area serves as a sample compartment for placing sample bottles, which is a sealed compartment; the other area serves as a gas-liquid compartment for placing solvent bottles, pressurized gas cylinders, and heaters.

[0012] The sample chamber has a transparent laser probe window and an exhaust port on its side wall; the transparent laser probe window is aligned with the position of the laser probe of the Raman spectroscopy detection module, so that the laser can enter the sample chamber through the laser probe window; the exhaust port is sealed to the air inlet of the gas collection box through a sealed pipeline.

[0013] The solvent bottle and the pressurized gas cylinder are connected by a pipeline, and the connecting pipeline is equipped with a switch valve;

[0014] The sample bottle has an open top and an opening at the bottom with a sealing rubber stopper. The inner side of the bottle has a sealed filter paper substrate for surface-enhanced Raman detection, which is sealed to the bottle. The position and height of the surface-enhanced Raman detection substrate correspond to the laser probe window, so that the laser emitted by the laser probe of the Raman spectroscopy detection module can pass through the laser probe window and irradiate the surface-enhanced Raman detection substrate.

[0015] The bottom of the sample chamber is suspended and has a gas-liquid inlet at the bottom. The solvent bottle has a liquid guide port on its body. The liquid guide port of the solvent bottle is connected to the gas-liquid inlet at the bottom of the sample chamber via a pipeline and a one-way valve. The one-way valve controls the flow of gas and liquid in the solvent bottle to the sample chamber and prevents backflow. At the gas-liquid inlet of the sample chamber, and inside the sample chamber, there is a vertically upward-pointing rigid pointed tube. When the sample bottle is placed into the sample chamber from top to bottom, the rigid pointed tube can be inserted and pass through the sealing rubber stopper at the bottom of the sample bottle and extend into the sample bottle.

[0016] The heater has an air inlet and an air outlet;

[0017] The pressure gas cylinder is also equipped with a branch exhaust pipe at its mouth. This branch pipe is connected to the gas inlet of the heater through a switch valve. The gas outlet of the heater is then connected to the gas-liquid inlet of the sample chamber through an exhaust pipe with a one-way valve. The one-way valve can control the gas from flowing back from the sample chamber to the heater.

[0018] Different types of gases, such as volatile and toxic gases, are detected by different gas sensors. When a gas contains a certain type of gas component, the corresponding gas sensor detects it and generates a corresponding sensing signal. This sensing signal can be read and fed back by the terminal control device.

[0019] Furthermore, the sample vial is equipped with a partition that divides the inside of the sample vial into upper and lower layers; the partition is a filter structure with a rigid pointed tube located below the partition; the partition can both hold solid samples and prevent fine particles from falling out, while allowing gas and liquid to pass through.

[0020] Furthermore, the gas storage box has an opening on its body, and an openable and closable sealing flip cover at the opening. The sealing flip cover has an air hole for gas flow, and a one-way valve is provided at the air hole. When the sealing flip cover is closed, external ambient gas cannot enter the box, while the gas in the box can flow to the external environment through the air hole and one-way valve.

[0021] Furthermore, the sample chamber has a turntable at the bottom with an opening in the center for a rigid pointed tube to pass through. The sample vial is placed at the center of the turntable, and by rotating the turntable, the position of the enhanced Raman detection substrate on the upper surface of the sample vial can be easily adjusted to align with the laser probe window of the sample chamber.

[0022] Furthermore, the top of the sample chamber is equipped with an openable and closable sample sealing cover.

[0023] Furthermore, the heater is a resistance wire heater.

[0024] This invention also relates to a multifunctional sample detection equipment for fire and rescue sites, comprising a portable main body and a lid covering the main body, wherein the gas and solid sample detection device is disposed within the main body; wherein:

[0025] The main box is divided into two areas: a first area and a second area.

[0026] The first area includes a signal acquisition and processing device, a Raman spectroscopy detection module, a gas collection box, and a power supply device; the signal acquisition and processing device is connected to the Raman spectroscopy detection module and each gas detection sensor in the gas detector, and the power supply device provides power to the signal acquisition and processing device, the Raman spectroscopy detection module, and the gas detector for operation;

[0027] The detection sample box is fixedly installed in the second region;

[0028] The box cover is a flip-top, and a display screen is installed in the box cover. The display screen is connected to the signal acquisition and processing device in the main box through a rotating shaft cable and is powered by a power supply device.

[0029] The signal acquisition and processing device controls the operation (start / stop) of the Raman spectroscopy detection module, receives the detection results from the gas detector, and displays them on the screen.

[0030] Furthermore, a radiation detector is also provided in the first area. The radiation detector is connected to a signal acquisition and processing device, powered by a power supply device, and the detected radiation signal is fed back through a display screen.

[0031] In this invention, the solvent bottle contains organic solvents such as n-hexane and ethanol;

[0032] The pressure cylinder contains compressed inert gases such as nitrogen and helium. Due to the pressure, the compressed gas can flow to the solvent bottle and the heater.

[0033] In this invention, a small booster pump can be added to the pipeline connecting the solvent bottle and the pressurized gas bottle to further assist in transporting the gas in the pressurized gas bottle toward the solvent bottle; the power supply device is connected to and supplies power to the small booster pump.

[0034] In use, environmental solid or liquid samples (such as soil, dust, etc.) are placed into a sample bottle, with the sample height higher than the laser probe window. The sample bottle is then placed into the sample compartment of the test sample box. The sealing rubber stopper at the bottom of the sample bottle is aligned with the rigid pointed tube at the bottom of the sample compartment, and then pressed down. The rigid pointed tube passes through the sealing rubber stopper and enters the sample bottle. Due to the characteristics of the sealing rubber stopper, a seal is maintained between the sealing rubber stopper and the rigid pointed tube. The detection function is as follows.

[0035] 1. Detection of gas composition in ambient air: Open the top cover of the gas collection box. The various gas detection sensors inside the box, which are designed for various toxic and harmful gases, come into direct contact with the air to analyze several types of gas components. When a certain type of toxic or harmful gas is present in the air and its concentration reaches the detection limit of the corresponding gas detection sensor, the corresponding gas detection sensor will sense it and send a signal to the signal acquisition and processing device. After reading the information, the signal acquisition and processing device can display it on the screen, showing the toxic and harmful gas components detected in the ambient air.

[0036] 2. Detection of solid samples (ordinary Raman spectroscopy detection): Align one side of the sample bottle (the side without the surface-enhanced Raman detection substrate) with the laser probe window, activate the Raman spectroscopy detection module to emit a laser, and the laser passes through the laser probe window to illuminate the sample in the sample bottle, obtaining Raman spectral information and displaying it on the screen.

[0037] 3. Detection of volatile components in solid samples: Close the top cover of the gas collection box to prevent the gas detection sensors from sensing external ambient gases; open the valve on the connecting pipeline between the pressure gas cylinder and the heater. The gas in the pressure gas cylinder enters the heater and is heated, then enters the sample bottle through the rigid pointed tube. This heats the sample in the bottle and carries the volatile substances into the gas detector. The volatile components come into contact with each gas detection sensor and generate detection signals, which then flow unidirectionally into the external environment through the vents on the top cover of the box. The gas detector detects the gas and reads information on volatile or toxic components in the gas, feeding it back to the control signal acquisition and processing device. After processing the information, the signal acquisition and processing device displays the detected volatile components in the solid sample on the screen.

[0038] 4. Detection of trace components in solid samples (surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy): Rotate and adjust the sample bottle so that the surface-enhanced Raman detection substrate on the bottle is aligned with the laser probe window; close the valve on the connection line between the pressure cylinder and the heater, and open the valve on the connection line between the solvent bottle and the pressure cylinder. Due to the pressure, gas from the pressure cylinder enters the solvent bottle. Under the pressure, the organic solution in the solvent bottle flows through the guide tube, one-way valve, and pointed gas tube into the sample bottle. After the organic solution level rises above the partition, it soaks the solid sample, and the trace compounds in the solid sample are extracted. In the organic solution, trace amounts of the organic solution permeate through the filter paper on the back of the surface-enhanced Raman detection substrate, allowing the trace amounts of the organic solution to contact and adsorb onto the substrate material. Solid impurities carried by the organic solution are blocked by the filter paper and do not contact the substrate material. The Raman spectroscopy detection module is activated to emit a laser. The laser passes through the laser probe window and illuminates the surface-enhanced Raman detection substrate, detecting the compound components on the substrate. The Raman spectroscopy detection module feeds back the information to the operation signal acquisition and processing device, which processes the information and displays it on the screen, showing the compound components detected in the sample.

[0039] If the pressure in the pressurized gas cylinder is insufficient, a booster pump can be added for assistance.

[0040] 5. Add a radiation detector to measure environmental radiation levels. The radiation detector can be activated by controlling the signal acquisition and processing device.

[0041] Based on the aforementioned principles, this invention enables multifunctional and multi-type sampling and analysis of components in fire and rescue environments. This allows rescuers to quickly assess the situation based on the analysis results, providing technical support for emergency rescue, response decisions, cause investigations, and environmental monitoring in cases of hazardous chemical accidents, fires, and pollutant leaks. It also enables timely implementation of protective measures against hazardous substances, increasing rescue efficiency and ensuring personnel safety.

[0042] This invention provides a variety of monitoring methods, all integrated into a single housing, making it easy to carry and operate. It is effective for the rapid detection of solid and gaseous samples at fire and rescue sites. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a simplified structural diagram of the gas and solid sample detection device of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a simplified structural diagram of the sample chamber and sample vial.

[0045] Figure 3 This is a simplified side cross-sectional diagram of the sample chamber and sample vial.

[0046] Figure 4This is a simplified structural diagram of the multifunctional sample testing equipment for fire and rescue sites according to the present invention.

[0047] Numbering on the map:

[0048] 1 is the main housing, 2 is the lid, 3 is the Raman spectroscopy detection module, 4 is the gas detector, 5 is the sample box, 6 is the laser probe, 7 is the gas detection sensor, 8 is the gas inlet, 9 is the sample bottle, 10 is the solvent bottle, 11 is the pressure gas cylinder, 12 is the heater, 13 is the sample chamber, 14 is the gas-liquid chamber, 15 is the laser probe window, 16a is the exhaust port, 16b is the liquid guide port, 17 is the sealing rubber stopper, 18 is the surface-enhanced Raman detection substrate, 19 is the partition, 20 is the partition limiter, 21 is the sealing chamber lid, 22 is the gas-liquid inlet, 23 is the rigid pointed tube, 24 is the turntable, 25 is the positioning shaft, 26 is the positioning column wall, 27 is the positioning rod, 28 is the signal acquisition and processing device, 29 is the power supply device, 30 is the display screen, 31 is the radiation detector, and 32 is the switch valve. Detailed Implementation

[0049] A multifunctional sample detection device for fire rescue sites includes a portable main body 1, a lid 2 covering the main body, and a gas and solid sample detection device, wherein the gas and solid sample detection device is disposed in the main body 1; wherein:

[0050] The gas and solid sample detection device includes a Raman spectroscopy detection module 3, a gas detector 4, and a sample detection box 5.

[0051] The Raman spectroscopy detection module 3 is a commercially available product, which has its own laser probe 6 that emits laser light; for example, the BTR115-785-FP Raman system from Bidatech Optoelectronics Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., and its detection data can be fed back to the operator through a display or other means.

[0052] The gas detector 4 includes a gas collection box and several gas detection sensors 7. The gas detection sensors 7 are disposed in the gas collection box, which is rectangular with an opening at the top and a closable sealing flip cover. The sealing flip cover has an air hole for gas flow and a one-way valve at the air hole. When the sealing flip cover is closed, external ambient gas cannot enter the box, while the gas in the box can flow to the external environment through the air hole and the one-way valve. The gas collection box has an air inlet 8.

[0053] The gas detector 5 is a commercially available product that can collect and analyze the corresponding gas components in the air, and feed back the data to the matching terminal control device for display. Different harmful gases are detected by different gas sensors. When a type of harmful gas is present in the gas, the corresponding gas sensor detects it and generates a corresponding sensing signal. This sensing signal can be read and fed back by the terminal control device. The gas sensor can be selected from, for example, the ZCE04B four-in-one gas sensor (detecting CO, H2S, O2 and CH4) from Zhengzhou Weisheng Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., the AQ7 PID air quality sensor from Honeywell Automation Control (China) Co., Ltd., the Sifang Optoelectronic Cubic-alcohol sensor and MS-VOC-V4 gas sensor (detecting formaldehyde, benzene, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, alcohol, ammonia, etc.) from Hubei Ruiyi Automation System Co., Ltd., the 7H2 series hydrogen sensor and 4SO2 sulfur dioxide sensor from Shenzhen Pusheng Sensing Technology Co., Ltd., and the HNAG800-EX gasoline gas sensor from Shenzhen Honeywell Technology Co., Ltd., etc.

[0054] The test sample box 5 includes a removable sample bottle 9, a solvent bottle 10, a pressurized gas cylinder 11, and a heater 12;

[0055] The sample box 5 is divided into two areas: one area serves as a sealed sample compartment 13 for holding sample vials; the other area serves as a gas-liquid compartment 14 for holding solvent bottles 10, pressurized gas cylinders 11, and heaters 12. Figure 1 As shown.

[0056] The sample chamber 13 has a transparent laser probe window 15 and an exhaust port 16a on its side wall. The transparent laser probe window 15 corresponds to the position of the laser probe 6 of the Raman spectroscopy detection module 3, so that the emitted laser can enter the sample chamber 13 through the laser probe window 15. The exhaust port 16a is sealed to the air inlet 8 of the gas collection box through a sealed pipe.

[0057] The solvent bottle 10 and the pressurized gas bottle 11 are connected by an exhaust pipe, and the exhaust pipe is equipped with a switch valve 32.

[0058] The sample vial 10 is a cylindrical cup, which can be made of transparent glass. The top of the vial is open, and the bottom of the vial has an opening with a sealing rubber stopper 17. The inner side of the vial has a sealed filter paper substrate 18 for surface-enhanced Raman detection, and its edges are sealed to the vial body. The position and height of the surface-enhanced Raman detection substrate 18 correspond to the laser probe window 15, so that the laser emitted by the laser probe 6 of the Raman spectroscopy detection module 3 can irradiate the surface-enhanced Raman detection substrate 18. The sample vial 10 has a horizontal partition 19 inside, which divides the sample vial 10 into upper and lower layers. The partition 19 can hold solid samples, which can prevent fine particles from falling and also allow gas and liquid to pass through. The partition 19 is a circular mesh with a circular hard rubber ring as the outer frame, which can be inserted into and tightly locked into the inner wall of the sample vial 10. Several protrusions or slots, or annular protrusions or grooves located on the same horizontal plane are set at a suitable height on the inner wall of the sample vial to limit the partition 20.

[0059] The sample chamber 13 is equipped with an openable and closable sample sealing cover 21 at the top, which can seal the sample chamber 13 when closed; the bottom of the sample chamber 13 is suspended and is equipped with a gas-liquid inlet 22 at the bottom; the solvent bottle 10 is equipped with a liquid guide port 16b on its body; one end of the liquid guide port 16b of the solvent bottle 10 is connected to an internal tube with its lower end near the bottom of the bottle, and the other end is connected to an external tube via a one-way valve, which is sealed to the gas-liquid inlet 22 at the bottom of the sample chamber 13. The one-way valve controls the flow of liquid in the solvent bottle 10 to the sample chamber 13, preventing gas or liquid from flowing back into the solvent bottle; at the gas-liquid inlet 22 of the sample chamber 13 and inside the sample chamber 13, there is a vertically upward-pointing rigid pointed tube 23 with the pointed end facing upward. When the sample bottle 9 is placed into the sample chamber 13 from top to bottom, the rigid pointed tube 23 can be inserted and pass through the sealing rubber stopper 17 at the bottom of the sample bottle 9, extending into the sample bottle 9 and located below the partition 19.

[0060] The surface-enhanced Raman detection substrate can be selected from, for example, prepared by methods described in the literature (Microchim Acta, 2020, 187:310; Microchim Acta, 2022, 189:197), or the active material of the SERS chip purchased from Weihai Optical Instruments (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.

[0061] Specifically, the pipeline can be a flexible tube; the rigid pointed tube 23 can be a T-shaped tube, made of metal or rigid plastic, with one end beveled as a pointed tip and the other end connected to the flexible tube. The pointed tip passes through the gas-liquid inlet 22 at the bottom of the sample chamber 13 and is sealed and fixed together with the sample chamber 13 by applying sealant.

[0062] The heater 12 has an air inlet and an air outlet; the pressure gas cylinder 11 also has a branch exhaust pipe at its opening, which is connected to the air inlet of the heater 12 through a switch valve 32. The heater 12 is then connected to the third end of the rigid pointed tube 23 through an exhaust pipe with a one-way valve, forming a sealed connection with the gas-liquid inlet 22 of the sample chamber 13. The one-way valve can control the gas from flowing back from the sample chamber 13 to the heater 12; the heater 12 can be a resistance wire heater.

[0063] The exhaust pipe and branch exhaust pipe of the pressure cylinder 11 are connected by a T-junction; one end of the T-junction is connected to the cylinder opening, and the other two ends are connected to the exhaust pipe and the branch exhaust pipe respectively. Two switch valves 32 are respectively installed on the two ends of the T-junction.

[0064] Inside the sample chamber 13, a turntable 24 is provided at the bottom, with an opening in the center of the turntable 24 for a rigid pointed tube 23 to pass through. The sample vial 9 is placed at the center of the turntable 24. By rotating the turntable 24, it is easy to rotate and adjust the position of the Raman-enhanced detection substrate 18 on the upper surface of the sample vial 9 to align with the laser probe window 15 of the sample chamber 13. Specifically:

[0065] The sample chamber 13 has a raised cylindrical positioning shaft 25 at the center of the bottom surface, and the positioning shaft 25 has a shaft hole in the center for the rigid pointed tube 23 to pass through.

[0066] The turntable 24 is a circular disc. An annular positioning wall 26 is located at the lower end of the turntable. The inner diameter of the annular positioning wall 26 matches the outer diameter of the positioning shaft 25 on the bottom surface of the sample chamber 13, allowing it to fit onto the positioning shaft 25 and thus fix the position of the turntable 24. This allows the turntable 24 to rotate around the positioning shaft 25. Lubricant is applied between the contact surfaces, or ball bearings are used between two fingers to reduce friction. A central opening in the annular positioning wall allows a rigid pointed tube to pass through. Several positioning rods 27 are located on the upper edge of the turntable 24. The inner diameter of the annular shape formed by the positioning rods 27 matches the outer diameter of the sample bottle 9. When the sample bottle 9 is inserted from top to bottom, the positioning rods 27 limit its downward movement, ensuring that the rigid pointed tube 23 can be inserted into the central sealing rubber stopper 17. The positioning rods 27 do not significantly obstruct the laser beam. Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown.

[0067] The sample vial 9 has an opening at its bottom. The sealing rubber stopper 17 is cylindrical and thicker than the bottom thickness of the sample vial 9. The sealing rubber stopper 17 has a ring-shaped right-angled concave section at its midsection. The upper diameter of the ring-shaped concave section is smaller than the lower diameter, and the edge has a beveled arc surface. This facilitates the installation and positioning of the sealing rubber stopper 17 after it is inserted upwards from the bottom of the sample vial 9 into the opening, forming a locking structure. Figure 3As shown; by using a large external force to squeeze and deform the sealing rubber stopper 17, the sealing rubber stopper 17 can be pushed out; in this way, after the sample bottle 9 is used up, it only needs to be cleaned and the removable sealing rubber stopper 17 can be replaced for repeated use;

[0068] Alternatively, the sealing rubber stopper 17 can be fixed to the bottom of the sample vial 9 using adhesive. In this way, the sample vial 9 is for single use only.

[0069] The main box 1 is rectangular and divided into two areas, a first area and a second area, arranged left and right.

[0070] The first area includes a signal acquisition and processing device 28, a Raman spectroscopy detection module 3, a gas detector 4, a radiation detector 31, and a power supply device 29. The signal acquisition and processing device 28 is connected to each gas detection sensor 7 in the Raman spectroscopy detection module 3 and the gas detector 4. The power supply device 29 uses a lithium battery to power the signal acquisition and processing device 28, the Raman spectroscopy detection module 3, the gas detector 4, and the radiation detector 31. The signal acquisition and processing device 28 can be formed by combining existing commercially available Raman spectroscopy detection signal processing modules, gas detection signal processing modules, and radiation detection signal processing modules, etc., according to those skilled in the art. This is a conventional technical means and will not be described in detail.

[0071] In the second region, which serves as the test sample box 5, the sample chamber 13 is a rectangular chamber. The shapes of the solvent bottle 10 and the pressure gas bottle 11 can be designed to match the shape of the remaining space in the second region to achieve maximum space utilization (the figures are only for illustrative reference and do not affect the function and structure of the components).

[0072] The cover 2 is a flip cover, and a display screen 30 is provided in the cover 2. The display screen 30 is connected to the signal acquisition and processing device 28 in the main box 1 through a rotating shaft cable and is powered by a power supply device 29.

[0073] The signal acquisition and processing device 28 controls the operation of the Raman spectroscopy detection module 3, receives the detection results from the gas detector 4 and the radiation detector 31, and displays them on the display screen 30. Figure 4 As shown.

[0074] The radiation detector is an existing commercially available device, such as the MR-10-S detector from Shenzhen Wanyi Technology Co., Ltd.

[0075] The solvent bottle contains organic solvents such as n-hexane and ethanol.

[0076] The pressure cylinder contains compressed inert gases such as nitrogen and helium. Due to the pressure, the compressed gas can flow to the solvent bottle and the heater.

[0077] When the pressure of the gas cylinder is insufficient, a small booster pump can be added to the pipeline connecting the solvent bottle and the gas cylinder to further assist in transporting the gas from the gas cylinder to the solvent bottle; the power supply device can be connected to and powered by the small booster pump; or a gas cylinder with a higher pressure can be replaced.

[0078] The above equipment can form five detection modes:

[0079] 1. Detecting the gas composition in the ambient air: Open the top cover of the gas collection box. The various gas detection sensors inside the box, which are designed for various toxic and harmful gases, come into direct contact with the air to analyze the composition of several types of gases. When a certain type of toxic or harmful gas is present in the air and its concentration reaches the detection limit of the corresponding gas detection sensor, the corresponding gas detection sensor will sense it and send a signal to the signal acquisition and processing device. After reading the information, the signal acquisition and processing device can display it on the screen, showing the toxic and harmful gases detected in the ambient air.

[0080] 2. Detection of solid samples (ordinary Raman spectroscopy): Align one side of the sample bottle (the side without the surface-enhanced Raman detection substrate) with the laser probe window, activate the Raman spectroscopy detection module to emit a laser, and the laser passes through the laser probe window to illuminate the sample in the sample bottle, obtaining Raman spectral information and displaying it on the screen;

[0081] 3. Detection of volatile components in solid samples: Close the top cover of the gas collection box to prevent the gas detection sensors from sensing external ambient gases; open the switch valve on the connecting pipeline between the pressure gas cylinder and the heater. The gas in the pressure gas cylinder enters the heater and is heated, then enters the sample bottle through the rigid pointed tube. This heats the sample in the sample bottle and carries the volatile substances in the sample into the gas detector. The volatile components come into contact with each gas detection sensor and generate detection signals. The signals then flow into the external environment through the one-way valve at the vent on the top cover of the box. The gas detector detects the gas, reads the information on the volatile components in the gas, and feeds it back to the control signal acquisition and processing device. After processing the information, the signal acquisition and processing device can display the detected volatile components in the solid sample on the display screen.

[0082] 4. Detection of trace components in solid samples (surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy): Rotate and adjust the sample bottle so that the surface-enhanced Raman detection substrate on the bottle is aligned with the laser probe window; close the valve on the connection line between the pressure cylinder and the heater, and open the valve on the connection line between the solvent bottle and the pressure cylinder. Due to the pressure, gas from the pressure cylinder enters the solvent bottle. Under the pressure, the organic solution in the solvent bottle flows through the guide tube, one-way valve, and pointed gas tube into the sample bottle. After the organic solution level rises above the partition, it soaks the solid sample, and the trace compounds in the solid sample are extracted. In the organic solution, trace amounts of the organic solution permeate through the filter paper on the back of the surface-enhanced Raman detection substrate, allowing the trace amounts of the organic solution to contact and adsorb onto the substrate material. Solid impurities carried by the organic solution are blocked by the filter paper and do not contact the substrate material. The Raman spectroscopy detection module is activated to emit a laser. The laser passes through the laser probe window and illuminates the surface-enhanced Raman detection substrate, detecting the compound components on the substrate. The Raman spectroscopy detection module feeds back the information to the operation signal acquisition and processing device, which processes the information and displays it on the screen, showing the compound components detected in the sample.

[0083] If the pressure in the gas cylinder is insufficient, you can replace it with a higher-pressure gas cylinder or add a booster pump for assistance.

[0084] 5. Add a radiation detector to measure environmental radiation levels. The radiation detector can be activated by controlling the signal acquisition and processing device.

[0085] Based on the aforementioned principles, this invention enables the detection and analysis of environmental gases, solid samples, and trace and volatile components at fire and rescue sites, providing multifunctional and multi-type capabilities. This allows rescue personnel to quickly assess the situation at the scene based on the analysis results, providing technical support for emergency rescue, response decisions, cause investigations, and environmental monitoring in cases of hazardous chemical accidents, fires, and pollutant leaks. Furthermore, it allows for timely implementation of protective measures against hazardous substances, increasing rescue efficiency and ensuring personnel safety.

[0086] Although the above methods are illustrated and described as a series of structures for the sake of simplicity, it should be understood and appreciated that these methods are not specifically limited, as some structures may occur in different orders and / or concurrently with other actions from those illustrated and described herein or not illustrated and described herein but which may be understood by those skilled in the art, according to one or more embodiments.

[0087] The prior description of this disclosure is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use this disclosure. Various modifications to this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not intended to be limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A gas and solid sample detection device, characterized in that, Includes Raman spectroscopy detection module, gas detector and detection sample box; The Raman spectroscopy detection module is equipped with a laser probe; The gas detector includes a gas collection box and several gas detection sensors. The gas detection sensors are disposed in the gas collection box, and the gas collection box body is provided with an air inlet for the gas to be tested to enter. The test sample box includes a removable sample bottle, a solvent bottle, a pressurized gas cylinder, and a heater; The test sample box is divided into two areas: one area serves as a sample compartment for placing sample bottles, which is a sealed compartment; the other area serves as a gas-liquid compartment for placing solvent bottles, pressurized gas cylinders, and heaters. The sample chamber has a transparent laser probe window and an exhaust port on its side wall; the transparent laser probe window is aligned with the position of the laser probe of the Raman spectroscopy detection module, so that the laser can enter the sample chamber through the laser probe window; the exhaust port is sealed to the air inlet of the gas collection box through a sealed pipeline. The solvent bottle and the pressurized gas cylinder are connected by a pipeline, and the connecting pipeline is equipped with a switch valve; The sample bottle has an open top and an opening at the bottom with a sealing rubber stopper. The inner side of the bottle has a sealed filter paper substrate for surface-enhanced Raman detection, which is sealed to the bottle. The position and height of the surface-enhanced Raman detection substrate correspond to the laser probe window, so that the laser emitted by the laser probe of the Raman spectroscopy detection module can pass through the laser probe window and irradiate the surface-enhanced Raman detection substrate. The bottom of the sample chamber is suspended and has a gas-liquid inlet at the bottom. The solvent bottle has a liquid guide port on its body. The liquid guide port of the solvent bottle is connected to the gas-liquid inlet at the bottom of the sample chamber via a pipeline and a one-way valve. The one-way valve controls the flow of gas and liquid in the solvent bottle to the sample chamber and prevents backflow. At the gas-liquid inlet of the sample chamber and inside the sample chamber, there is a vertically upward-pointing rigid pointed tube. When the sample bottle is placed into the sample chamber from top to bottom, the rigid pointed tube can be inserted and pass through the sealing rubber stopper at the bottom of the sample bottle and extend into the sample bottle. The heater has an air inlet and an air outlet; The pressure gas cylinder is also equipped with a branch exhaust pipe at the mouth. This branch exhaust pipe is connected to the gas inlet of the heater through a switch valve. The gas outlet of the heater is then connected to the gas-liquid inlet of the sample chamber through an exhaust pipe with a one-way valve. The one-way valve can control the gas from flowing back from the sample chamber to the heater. The sample vial has an internal partition that divides the inside of the sample vial into upper and lower layers; the partition is a filter structure with a rigid pointed tube located below the partition; the partition can hold solid samples, prevent fine particles from falling out, and allow gas and liquid to pass through. Inside the sample chamber, there is a turntable at the bottom with an opening in the center for a rigid pointed tube to pass through; the sample vial is placed at the center of the turntable. The sample chamber has a raised cylindrical positioning shaft at its center on the bottom surface, with a central hole for a rigid pointed tube to pass through. The turntable is a circular disc with an annular positioning wall at its lower end. The inner diameter of the annular positioning wall matches the outer diameter of the positioning shaft on the bottom surface of the sample chamber, allowing it to fit onto the positioning shaft and thus fix the turntable's position, enabling it to rotate around the positioning shaft. Lubricant is applied between the contact surfaces. The annular positioning wall has a central hole for the rigid pointed tube to pass through. The upper edge of the turntable has several positioning rods, the inner diameter of which matches the outer diameter of the sample vial. When the sample vial is inserted from top to bottom, the positioning rods limit its downward movement, ensuring that the rigid pointed tube can be inserted into the central sealing rubber stopper.

2. The gas and solid sample detection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rigid pointed tube is a T-shaped tube made of metal or rigid plastic. One end is beveled to form a pointed tip, and the other end is connected to a flexible tube. The pointed tip passes through the gas-liquid inlet at the bottom of the sample chamber and is sealed and fixed together with the sample chamber by applying sealant. The exhaust pipe and branch exhaust pipe of the pressure gas cylinder are connected by a T-junction; one port of the T-junction is connected to the cylinder opening, and the other two ports are connected to the exhaust pipe and branch exhaust pipe respectively. Two switch valves are respectively installed on the two ports of the T-junction.

3. The gas and solid sample detection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The gas collection box has an opening on its body, and a closable sealing flip cover is provided at the opening. The sealing flip cover has an air hole for gas to flow through, and a one-way valve is provided at the air hole. When the sealing flip cover is closed, external ambient gas cannot enter the box, while the gas in the box flows to the external environment through the air hole and one-way valve.

4. The gas and solid sample detection device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The sample chamber is equipped with an openable and closable sample sealing cover at the top.

5. The gas and solid sample detection device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The sample bottle has an opening at the bottom. The sealing rubber stopper is cylindrical and thicker than the bottom of the sample bottle. The middle of the sealing rubber stopper has a ring-shaped right-angled concave area. The diameter of the upper part of the ring-shaped concave area of ​​the sealing rubber stopper is smaller than the diameter of the lower part, and the edge has a beveled arc surface. This facilitates the installation and positioning of the sealing rubber stopper after it is inserted into the opening from the bottom of the sample bottle, forming a locking structure.

6. The gas and solid sample detection device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The heater is a resistance wire heater.

7. A multi-functional sample testing equipment for fire and rescue sites, characterized in that, The device includes a portable main housing and a lid that closes onto the main housing, wherein the gas and solid sample detection device as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 is disposed within the main housing; wherein: The main box is divided into two areas: a first area and a second area. The first area includes a signal acquisition and processing device, a Raman spectroscopy detection module, a gas collection box, and a power supply device; the signal acquisition and processing device is connected to each gas detection sensor in the Raman spectroscopy detection module and the gas detector, and the power supply device provides power to the signal acquisition and processing device, the Raman spectroscopy detection module, and the gas detector for operation; The detection sample box is fixedly installed in the second region; The box cover is a flip-top, and a display screen is installed in the box cover. The display screen is connected to the signal acquisition and processing device in the main box through a rotating shaft cable and is powered by a power supply device. The signal acquisition and processing device controls the operation of the Raman spectroscopy detection module, receives the detection results from the gas detector, and displays them on the screen.

8. The multifunctional sample testing equipment for fire and rescue sites as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The first area is also equipped with a radiation detector, which is connected to a signal acquisition and processing device, powered by a power supply device, and the detected radiation signal is fed back through a display screen.

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