A bidirectional continuous mining approach filling mining method without prefabricated filling retaining walls

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of underground mining. The present invention proposes a bidirectional continuous mining approach filling mining method without prefabricated filling retaining walls, comprising the following steps: constructing a stope joint tunnel A from a segmented tunnel to the upper wall of the ore body, and simultaneously constructing a second stope joint tunnel B at a suitable location in stope joint tunnel A; sequentially arranging approach stopes A1, B1, A2, B2, A3, B3, and A4 between stope joint tunnel A and stope joint tunnel B; mining approach stopes A1, A2, A3, and A4 in sequence, and performing filling work after mining is completed; after filling work is completed, construction of stope joint tunnel B continues until stope joint tunnel B is constructed to the upper wall of the ore body; and mining approach stopes B1, B2, and B3 in sequence. The present invention overcomes the technical difficulties of existing approach filling mining technology, such as low mining efficiency, filling failure, and slurry leakage from filling plate walls, thereby achieving continuous mining operations, a high filling connection rate, and good filling strength. It has great application prospects and social value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of underground mining, and in particular to a bidirectional continuous mining approach filling mining method without prefabricated filling retaining walls. Background Art

[0002] At present, when domestic mines use the upward approach filling mining method for filling operations, they need to erect a closed filling retaining wall at the opening of each mining approach, and install filling pipes and exhaust pipes in the mining approach to carry out filling operations in the approach stope. However, the filling process of this method is difficult to observe, and the filling and top connection effect is poor. When filling and top connection is carried out at the top of the approach stope, the huge pressure of residual filling material or pipe washing water in the filling pipe can easily cause the filling retaining wall to leak slurry or even be washed away, making it difficult to top connect the filling in the approach stope and causing roadway pollution.

[0003] To address these issues, some mines currently utilize reinforced concrete retaining walls. However, these walls are expensive to construct and require a long construction period, and there is also a lack of process monitoring to ensure that the retaining walls are properly filled and connected. Furthermore, since the filling is not completed, the approach-based method of layer-change mining often poses safety issues. Furthermore, as mining depth increases, the transportation of materials required for retaining wall construction becomes increasingly difficult. The pressure of the filling slurry also increases with mining depth, and the amount of water required for cleaning the filling pipes increases. These issues all add significant challenges to the approach-based method of mining. While the filling method can effectively control ground pressure, prevent surface subsidence, protect surface vegetation, and fully utilize tailings, it can easily contaminate roadways, leading to ore depletion and requiring extended filling times, hindering production organization.

[0004] The current upward approach filling mining method has many filling times in the mining process, too many plate walls, and it takes a lot of manpower to seal the plate walls. The plate walls are easy to deform, resulting in leakage of tailings, causing ore depletion in the mine, polluting the environment, and delaying production efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the current problems of discontinuous construction, low production efficiency, difficulty in connecting the filling to the top, complex construction technology of the filling retaining wall, and high construction cost of the road mining method, the present invention proposes a two-way continuous mining road filling mining method without prefabricated filling retaining walls. This method can solve the filling and blocking problems of the road mining method, ensure the road filling connection rate, and improve the continuity of the road filling mining method.

[0006] The present invention proposes a bidirectional continuous mining approach filling mining method without prefabricated filling retaining walls, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0007] S1: Divide the stope and arrange the mining project. Construct stope junction A from the segmented tunnel to the ore body hanging wall. At the same time, select a suitable location in stope junction A to construct the second stope junction B.

[0008] S2: Arrange the access stopes A1, B1, A2, B2, A3, B3, and A4 in sequence between the stope link tunnel A and the stope link tunnel B;

[0009] S3: Mining the approach stopes A1, A2, A3, and A4 in sequence. When all the approach stopes on both sides of the stope junction A are mined, the stope junction A is capped at a certain distance from the footwall of the ore body, and a waste rock retaining wall is constructed and backfilling is carried out.

[0010] S4: After the filling work is completed, the construction of the stope tunnel B continues until the stope tunnel B is constructed to the hanging wall of the ore body;

[0011] S5: Mining access stopes B1, B2, and B3 in sequence.

[0012] Preferably, the filling operation specifically includes the following steps:

[0013] (1): Pre-loading operation is carried out at a certain distance from the footwall of the ore body in the mining area of ​​the joint tunnel A. The collapsed waste rock will not be removed from the pit. Two layers of geotextiles are laid on the collapsed waste rock and fixed to form a waste rock retaining wall;

[0014] (2): Pipes are erected and sealed in the access stopes A1, A2, A3, and A4. After the pipes are erected, geotextiles are used to seal a certain distance outside the waste rock retaining wall. The geotextiles are fixed to the bedrock at both sides and the bottom.

[0015] (3): When filling, first use cementitious filling slurry with a lime-sand ratio of 1:20;

[0016] (4): After filling to the top position, use cementitious filling slurry with a ash-sand ratio of 1:10 to fill the top.

[0017] Preferably, step (4) specifically includes: a first-line filling and topping operation, when the first return air pipe returns to the slurry, folding and tightening the first return air pipe from the outer end, stopping the sand and supplying water in the control room, and opening the sealing plate until the water is drained after the first filling pipe is cleaned; disconnecting the first filling pipe, connecting the outer end of the second filling pipe to the flange of the discharge pipe, and performing the second-line filling and topping operation; after the second-line filling and topping operation is completed, disconnecting the second filling pipe, connecting the outer end of the next filling pipe to the flange of the discharge pipe, and performing the next-line filling and topping operation; until the filling and topping operation is completed.

[0018] Preferably, the approach stope is arranged along the strike of the ore body, and the stope connecting tunnel A and the stope connecting tunnel B are arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body.

[0019] Preferably, in step (2), after the geotextile is fixed on the bedrock, concrete is sprayed around it for reinforcement.

[0020] Preferably, in step S1, during the construction of the stope connection tunnel A, the ventilation drain well and the stope chute are constructed simultaneously.

[0021] Preferably, step S5 also includes: after all the access stopes on both sides of the stope joint tunnel B are mined, the stope joint tunnel B is topped at a certain distance from the footwall of the ore body in the stope joint tunnel B, a waste rock filling retaining wall is constructed and filling work is carried out.

[0022] Preferably, the length of the approach stope along the strike of the ore body is 40 m, and the span of the approach stope is quantitatively determined to be 3 m to 7 m based on the stability of the rock mass.

[0023] Preferably, in step S1, stope junction tunnel B is constructed simultaneously with stope junction tunnel A, and construction of stope junction tunnel B is stopped when the stope junction tunnel B is 10 m away from the boundary of the ore body footwall.

[0024] Preferably, in step (1), a capping blasthole is designed in the stope joint tunnel A at a distance of 2m to 3m from the footwall of the ore body and a pre-capping operation is performed.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] 1. The present invention adopts a combination of pre-pressed top and geotextile fixation to achieve mining without prefabricated filling wall, reducing the time and cost of erecting the wall, and also solving the problems of poor filling effect, filling without top connection and instability of the filling retaining wall in the filling process of this method.

[0027] 2. The present invention uses bottom plate rock as the plate wall, which not only has high safety performance but also saves time and cost.

[0028] 3. The present invention adopts the method of alternating construction of stopes and tunnels, which can realize continuous mining and avoid the problem of being unable to realize continuous mining due to stope layer switching; at the same time, overall filling is carried out in the tunnels, which reduces the number of filling cycles and improves the filling efficiency.

[0029] 4. The present invention overcomes the technical difficulties of the existing approach filling mining technology, such as low mining efficiency, filling without top connection, and slurry leakage in the filling plate wall, and realizes the continuity of mining operations, high filling top connection rate, and good filling strength. It has good application prospects and social value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for the description. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the stope layout described in the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the stope described in the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the filling cross section of the present invention.

[0034] In the figure: 1. Filling body with a lime-sand ratio of 1:20; 2. Filling body with a lime-sand ratio of 1:10; 3. First return air pipe; 4. First filling pipe; 5. Second return air pipe; 6. Second filling pipe; 7. Preload top space; 8. Waste rock retaining wall; 9. Geotextile. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the purpose, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in this specific embodiment. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this patent, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this patent.

[0036] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the present invention proposes a bidirectional continuous mining approach filling mining method without prefabricated filling retaining walls, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0037] S1: First, the stope is divided into reasonable ore blocks. Then, the mining project is laid out. Stope junction A is constructed in sections to the orebody's hanging wall. Simultaneously, a second stope junction B is constructed at a suitable location within stope junction A. It is important to note that construction of stope junction B can be stopped 10 meters from the orebody's footwall boundary. Simultaneously, during the construction of stope junction A, a ventilation well and a stope chute are also constructed. The ventilation well is located approximately 10 meters outside the two junctions and serves as a second safety exit. The chute is located 15 meters outside the ventilation well. Ore from both junctions is transported through the chute to the mid-haul section and ultimately brought to the surface.

[0038] S2: Approach stopes A1, B1, A2, B2, A3, B3, and A4 are arranged in sequence between stope link A and stope link B; the approach stopes are arranged along the strike of the ore body, stope link A and stope link B are arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body, and the length of the approach stope along the strike of the ore body is 40m. The span of the approach stope can be quantitatively determined based on the stability of the rock mass, and is roughly between 3m and 7m.

[0039] S3: Mining the approach stopes A1, A2, A3, and A4 in sequence. When all the approach stopes on both sides of the stope junction A are mined, the stope junction A is capped at a certain distance from the footwall of the ore body, and a waste rock retaining wall is constructed and backfilling is carried out.

[0040] S4: After the filling work is completed, the construction of the stope tunnel B continues until the stope tunnel B is constructed to the hanging wall of the ore body;

[0041] S5: Mining the approach stopes B1, B2, and B3 in sequence. When all the approach stopes on both sides of the stope-joint tunnel B have been mined, top-press the stope-joint tunnel B at a certain distance from the footwall of the ore body, build a waste rock filling retaining wall, and carry out filling work.

[0042] Stope-joint tunnel A and stope-joint tunnel B are operated alternately to achieve continuous mining operations.

[0043] The filling process specifically includes the following steps:

[0044] (1): After the mining of the A1, A2, A3, A4 and other access stopes is completed, a pre-loading operation is carried out in the stope joint A 2m to 3m away from the footwall of the ore body. A reasonable loading blasthole is designed to prevent the collapsed waste rock in the pre-loading space 7 from leaving the pit. Two layers of geotextile are laid on the collapsed waste rock and fixed to form a waste rock retaining wall 8. The waste rock can be used as a filling plate wall, thereby reserving filling space;

[0045] (2): Pipes are erected and sealed at the access stopes A1, A2, A3, and A4. When enclosing the pipes, the surveyors will draw a map of the goaf, select the appropriate location and number of pipes based on the map and the access length. After the filling pipes are erected, geotextiles are used to seal the wall at a certain distance outside the waste rock retaining wall. The geotextiles 9 are fixed to the bedrock with rivets on both sides and the bottom. To further ensure its stability, the geotextiles 9 can be fixed around them by spraying concrete.

[0046] (3): During filling, cementitious filling material slurry with a lime-sand ratio of 1:20 is first used. The filling height does not exceed the height of the waste rock retaining wall 8. After filling, a filling body 1 with a lime-sand ratio of 1:20 is obtained. After filling to the top position, when the filling body 1 with a lime-sand ratio of 1:20 is drained, a cementitious filling material slurry with a lime-sand ratio of 1:10 is used for top filling. After filling, a filling body 2 with a lime-sand ratio of 1:10 is obtained. The access mining area filling and top connection can be achieved through a multi-channel filling method, and the specific steps are as follows: the first-channel filling and top connection operation, when the first return air pipe 3 returns to slurry, the underground filling worker folds the first return air pipe 3 in half from the outer end and tightens it, and notifies the control room to stop sand and send water, and after the first filling pipe 4 is cleaned, the sealing plate is opened until the water is drained; disconnect the first filling pipe 4, connect the outer end of the second filling pipe 6 to the flange of the discharge pipe, and perform the second-channel filling and top connection operation, when the second return air pipe 5 returns to slurry, the underground filling worker folds the second return air pipe 5 in half from the outer end and tightens it, and notifies the control room to stop sand and send water, and after the second filling pipe 6 is cleaned, the sealing plate is opened until the water is drained; after the second-channel filling and top connection operation is completed, disconnect the second filling pipe 6, connect the outer end of the next filling pipe to the flange of the discharge pipe, and perform the next-channel filling and top connection operation; until the filling and top connection operation is completed.

[0047] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown in FIG, the working principle of the bidirectional continuous mining approach filling mining method without prefabricated filling retaining walls is:

[0048] The continuity of mining operations is achieved by alternating between stope-joint tunnels A and B, thereby realizing continuous mining and avoiding the problem of being unable to achieve continuous mining due to stope-layer switching; at the same time, overall filling is carried out in the joint tunnel, reducing the number of filling cycles and improving filling efficiency.

[0049] It can be seen from the above embodiments that the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0050] 1. The present invention adopts a combination of pre-pressed top and geotextile fixation to achieve mining without prefabricated filling wall, reducing the time and cost of erecting the wall, and also solving the problems of poor filling effect, filling without top connection and instability of the filling retaining wall in the filling process of this method.

[0051] 2. The present invention uses bottom plate rock as the plate wall, which not only has high safety performance but also saves time and cost.

[0052] 3. The present invention adopts the method of alternating construction of stopes and tunnels, which can realize continuous mining and avoid the problem of being unable to realize continuous mining due to stope layer switching; at the same time, overall filling is carried out in the tunnels, which reduces the number of filling cycles and improves the filling efficiency.

[0053] 4. The present invention overcomes the technical difficulties of the existing approach filling mining technology, such as low mining efficiency, filling without top connection, and slurry leakage in the filling plate wall, and realizes the continuity of mining operations, high filling top connection rate, and good filling strength. It has good application prospects and social value.

[0054] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A bidirectional continuous mining approach filling mining method without prefabricated filling retaining walls, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1: Divide the stope and arrange the mining project. Construct stope junction A from the segmented tunnel to the ore body hanging wall. At the same time, select a suitable location in stope junction A to construct the second stope junction B. S2: Arrange the access stopes A1, B1, A2, B2, A3, B3, and A4 in sequence between the stope link tunnel A and the stope link tunnel B; S3: Mining the approach stopes A1, A2, A3, and A4 in sequence. When all the approach stopes on both sides of the stope junction A are mined, the stope junction A is capped at a certain distance from the footwall of the ore body, and a waste rock retaining wall is constructed and backfilling is carried out. S4: After the filling work is completed, the construction of the stope tunnel B continues until the stope tunnel B is constructed to the hanging wall of the ore body; S5: Mining access stopes B1, B2, and B3 in sequence; The filling work specifically includes the following steps: (1): Pre-loading operation is carried out at a certain distance from the footwall of the ore body in the mining area of ​​the joint tunnel A. The collapsed waste rock is prevented from leaving the pit. Two layers of geotextile are laid on the collapsed waste rock and fixed to form a waste rock retaining wall; (2): Pipes are erected and sealed in the access stopes A1, A2, A3, and A4. After the pipes are erected, geotextiles are used to seal the waste rock retaining wall at a certain distance outside the waste rock retaining wall. The geotextiles are fixed to the bedrock at both sides and the bottom. (3): When filling, first use cementitious filling slurry with a lime-sand ratio of 1:20; (4): After filling to the top position, use cementitious filling slurry with a lime-sand ratio of 1:10 to fill the top; Step (4) specifically includes: the first filling and top connection operation, when the first return air pipe returns to the slurry, fold the first return air pipe in half from the outer end and tighten it, stop sanding and supply water in the control room, and after the first filling pipe is cleaned, open the sealing plate until the water is drained; disconnect the first filling pipe, connect the outer end of the second filling pipe to the flange of the discharge pipe, and perform the second filling and top connection operation; after the second filling and top connection operation is completed, disconnect the second filling pipe, connect the outer end of the next filling pipe to the flange of the discharge pipe, and perform the next filling and top connection operation; until the filling and top connection operation is completed.

2. The bidirectional continuous mining approach filling mining method without prefabricated filling retaining walls according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The approach stope is arranged along the strike of the ore body, and the stope connecting tunnels A and B are arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body.

3. The bidirectional continuous mining approach filling mining method without prefabricated filling retaining walls according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (2), after the geotextile is fixed on the bedrock, concrete is sprayed around it for reinforcement.

4. The bidirectional continuous mining approach filling mining method without prefabricated filling retaining walls according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S1, during the construction of the stope connection tunnel A, the ventilation and drainage wells and the stope chute are constructed simultaneously.

5. The bidirectional continuous mining approach filling mining method without prefabricated filling retaining walls according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Step S5 also includes: after all the access stopes on both sides of the stope tunnel B are mined, the stope tunnel B is capped at a certain distance from the ore body footwall in the stope tunnel B, a waste rock filling retaining wall is constructed, and filling work is carried out.

6. The bidirectional continuous mining approach filling mining method without prefabricated filling retaining walls according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The length of the approach stope along the strike of the ore body is 40m, and the span of the approach stope is quantitatively determined to be 3m~7m based on the stability of the rock mass.

7. The bidirectional continuous mining approach filling mining method without prefabricated filling retaining walls according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S1, stope junction tunnel B is constructed simultaneously with stope junction tunnel A, and the construction of stope junction tunnel B is stopped when it reaches 10 m from the boundary of the ore body footwall.

8. The bidirectional continuous mining approach filling mining method without prefabricated filling retaining walls according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (1), a capping blasthole is designed at a distance of 2m to 3m from the footwall of the ore body in the stope joint tunnel A and a pre-capping operation is carried out.

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