A method and system for generating quantum random numbers based on a universal light source

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on the method and system of quantum random number generation of decoy state of ubiquitous light source, the method can be applied in quantum random number generator system not depending on specific light source distribution.This method is prepared by party Alice, and the received optical pulse is randomly modulated into signal state, decoy state and vacuum state, then the modulated optical pulse is randomly prepared into one of four different encoding states, and is sent to measuring party Bob;Measuring party Bob randomly selects base vector to project the encoding state sent to carry out measurement, and obtains output result;Gain under corresponding optical pulse intensity is calculated, and channel parameters and randomness size are estimated based on the calculated gain using decoy state method;According to the randomness size, random number is extracted in measurement result.The application does not depend on specific light source distribution, and has universality.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of quantum information, and particularly relates to a method and system for generating a decoy-state quantum random number based on a universal light source. BACKGROUND

[0002] As an important research direction of cryptography, random numbers are widely used in our daily life, and are applied in various fields. For example, the generation of session keys used in secret communication requires the participation of true random numbers, and random verification codes can effectively prevent password theft, Trojan horses and the like, and also have applications such as simulation and statistics. These practical applications are closely related to the unpredictability of random numbers. Random numbers can generally be divided into two categories: pseudo-random numbers and true random numbers. Pseudo-random numbers are usually calculated by a deterministic algorithm to obtain a uniformly distributed random number sequence, and have statistical uniformity and independence, but are not truly random but determined by the initial value. True random number generators are often based on unpredictable physical phenomena and are determined by the intrinsic randomness of physical processes, such as vacuum fluctuations and nuclear fission. The most important and typical true random number generator is a quantum random number generator (QRNG), whose randomness is based on the uncertainty in quantum mechanics.

[0003] QRNGs can be divided into three types according to whether the device is trusted: device-trusted QRNG, semi-device-independent QRNG (SDI-QRNG) and device-independent QRNG (DI-QRNG). The differences between the three are as follows: if the quantum random number generator devices, including the light source and the detector, are all trusted, it is called a device-trusted QRNG; the devices of a DI-QRNG do not meet the perfect conditions, and the devices are not trusted; the SDI-QRNG is a compromise between the first two, and makes simple assumptions about some of the devices. The device-trusted QRNG technology has been relatively mature, and has gradually begun to be commercially used. However, because the ideal conditions may not be met in reality, an eavesdropper may exploit the loopholes. In theory, the use of DI-QRNG can generate the most secure random numbers, but because there is not enough capacity, it is not used much in reality. In comparison, the SDI-QRNG generates random numbers at a higher rate and with higher security, so it is becoming more and more popular among researchers, and its popularity is gradually increasing. Most QRNG methods now assume the use of an ideal single-photon source, but unfortunately, because the current level of technology does not meet the requirements, a truly ideal single-photon source cannot be obtained, which poses an obstacle to the specific implementation. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to provide a method and system for generating quantum random numbers based on a general light source, which is not dependent on specific light source distribution, and establishes a general method for generating quantum random numbers.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0006] The present application provides a method for generating quantum random numbers based on a general light source, which comprises the following steps:

[0007] The light source generates light pulses and sends them to the preparer Alice;

[0008] The preparer Alice randomly modulates the received light pulses into one of three intensities, namely signal state, decoy state and vacuum state, represented by {mu, nu, o}, wherein mu>nu>o;

[0009] The preparer Alice randomly prepares the modulated light pulses into one of four different encoding states and sends them to the measurer Bob; wherein the encoding state is denoted as rho x , x element of {0, 1, 2, 3}, rho0 and rho1 form an orthogonal basis, and rho2 and rho3 form another unbiased orthogonal basis;

[0010] The measurer Bob randomly selects a basis vector y element of {0, 1} to project and measure the encoding state sent by the preparer Alice, and obtains an output result b element of {0, 1}, and the projection measurement operator is denoted as

[0011] The preparer Alice publishes the modulated light pulse intensity omega element of {mu, nu, o} and the corresponding encoding state rho x , and the measurer Bob publishes the basis vector y, and calculates the encoding state rho x The measurement operator is used to obtain the probability p(b|x, y) of the output b;

[0012] Based on the probability p(b|x, y), the gain Q ω under the corresponding light pulse intensity omega is calculated;

[0013] Based on the calculated gain Q ω , the channel parameters and the randomness size are estimated using the decoy state method;

[0014] According to the randomness size, the random numbers are extracted from the measurement results.

[0015] Further, the light source is any one of the following types of light sources:

[0016] Weakly coherent state light source, labeled single-photon source, modified coherent state light source, added single-photon coherent state light source, thermal distribution light source and binomial distribution light source.

[0017] Furthermore, the gain Q calculated based on the probability p(b|x,y) under the light pulse intensity ω is... ω ,include:

[0018]

[0019] Where, p i (ω) represents the probability distribution of the light pulse, i represents the number of photons in the pulse i∈{0,1,2,...}, η represents the overall transmission efficiency and detector efficiency, and d represents the dark count of the detector.

[0020] Furthermore, the calculated gain Q... ω The decoy state method is used to estimate channel parameters and the magnitude of randomness, including:

[0021] The channel parameters are the upper and lower bounds of the single-photon counting rate q1(b|x,y), calculated as follows:

[0022]

[0023]

[0024] in, and denoted as the lower and upper bounds of the single-photon count rate, respectively; p0(ν) and p0(μ) are the probability distributions of light pulses with a photon count of 0 and pulse intensities of ν and μ, respectively; p1(ν) and p1(μ) are the probability distributions of light pulses with a photon count of 1 and pulse intensities of ν and μ, respectively; p2(ν) and p2(μ) are the probability distributions of light pulses with a photon count of 2 and pulse intensities of ν and μ, respectively.

[0025] The magnitude of the randomness is represented using minimum entropy as follows:

[0026] H min = -log2 p guess ,

[0027]

[0028] Among them, H min For minimum entropy, p guess Let W be the maximum probability of guessing, and W be the dimensional witness value.

[0029]

[0030] Solve using linear programming. and The lower bound of the dimension witness value W is obtained, and then the maximum guess probability p is obtained guess .

[0031] Further, the upper bound and the lower bound of the single photon counting rate q1(b|x,y) are modified as follows:

[0032] The upper bound and the lower bound of the gain Q ω are calculated as follows:

[0033]

[0034]

[0035] wherein, and respectively represent the upper bound and the lower bound of the gain Q ω , ω ∈ {μ,ν,ο}, σ is a standard deviation, and N ω is the number of pulses with the pulse intensity ω;

[0036] The upper bound and the lower bound of the modified single photon counting rate are obtained based on the upper bound and the lower bound of the gain Q ω , as follows:

[0037]

[0038]

[0039] wherein, and respectively represent the lower bound and the upper bound of the modified single photon counting rate.

[0040] The application also provides a system of a spoofed state quantum random number generator based on a universal light source, comprising:

[0041] a light source, which is used to generate light pulses and send them to a preparer Alice;

[0042] the preparer Alice, which is used to randomly modulate the received light pulses into one of three intensities, i.e., a signal state, a spoofed state and a vacuum state, represented by {μ,ν,ο}, wherein μ>ν>ο, and is used to randomly prepare the modulated light pulses into one of four different encoding states and send them to a measurer Bob; wherein the encoding state is denoted as ρ x , x ∈ {0,1,2,3}, ρ0 and ρ1 form a set of orthogonal bases, and ρ2 and ρ3 form another set of unbiased orthogonal bases;

[0043] the measurer Bob, which is used to randomly select a base vector y ∈ {0,1} to project and measure the encoding state sent by the preparer Alice, so as to obtain an output result b ∈ {0,1}, and the projection measurement operator is denoted as

[0044] a random number generator for calculating the gain Q corresponding to the light pulse intensity ω based on the preparation party Alice publishing the modulated light pulse intensity ω, ω∈{μ,ν,ο} and the corresponding encoding state ρ x , the measurement party Bob publishing the base vector y, calculating the gain Q corresponding to the encoding state ρ x using the measurement operator to obtain the probability p(b|x,y) of the output b; calculating the gain Q corresponding to the light pulse intensity ω based on the probability p(b|x,y); ω ; calculating the gain Q corresponding to the light pulse intensity ω based on the calculated gain Q ω using the entangled state method to estimate the channel parameters and the randomness size; and extracting the random number from the measurement result according to the randomness size.

[0045] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0046] The present application can be compatible with various non-ideal light sources of photon number distribution at the light source end, and can estimate the channel parameters using the entangled state method, so as to strictly calculate the randomness size of the scheme. In addition, the present application has the property of semi-device independence, only needs to assume that the state preparation party and the measurement party are independent of each other, can resist partial attacks on the device, and thus ensures the high security of the quantum random number generator system. The simulation results show that the method of the present application is compatible with different light sources and has high compatibility. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 is a principle architecture of an entangled state quantum random number generation method based on a universal light source provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 2 is a photon number distribution of different light sources provided in embodiment 3 of the present application;

[0049] Figure 3 is a relationship diagram between different light sources and detection efficiency in embodiment 3 of the present application; Figure 3 (a) is a whole schematic diagram; Figure 3 (b) is a local enlarged schematic diagram. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The present application will be further described below. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present application.

[0051] Embodiment 1

[0052] The present embodiment provides an entangled state quantum random number generation method based on a universal light source, referring to Figure 1 , comprising the following steps:

[0053] (1) The sending end light source generates light pulses of any type of photon number distribution and sends them to the preparing party Alice; the probability distribution of the light pulses is set as p i (λ), where i is the photon number i∈{0,1,2,...} in the pulse, and λ is the light pulse intensity, i.e. the average photon number.

[0054] (2) Alice randomly modulates the light pulses into one of the three intensities, denoted as {μ,ν,ο}, which are signal state, decoy state and vacuum state respectively, where μ>ν>ο;

[0055] (3) Alice randomly prepares the modulated light pulses into one of the four different encoding states and sends them to the testing party Bob; it is noted that the encoding state is denoted as ρ x , x∈{0,1,2,3}, where ρ0 and ρ1 form an orthogonal basis, and ρ2 and ρ3 form another unbiased orthogonal basis;

[0056] (4) Bob randomly selects the basis vector y∈{0,1} to project and measure the encoding state sent by Alice, and obtains the output result b∈{0,1}, and the projection measurement operator is denoted as

[0057] (5) Alice publishes the modulated light pulse intensity and the encoding state ρ x , Bob publishes the basis vector y, and according to the encoding state ρ x , the probability of obtaining the output b using the measurement operator is The gain Q ω ω∈{μ,ν,ο} under the corresponding light pulse intensity can be obtained.

[0058] (6) Based on the calculated gain Q ω ω∈{μ,ν,ο}, Bob estimates the channel parameters and the randomness size in the scheme by using the decoy state method, so as to extract the random number in the measurement result according to the random number size.

[0059] In this embodiment, the channel parameters are the upper and lower bounds of the single photon counting rate.

[0060] In this embodiment, for the light source of any photon number distribution, the lower bound and the upper bound of the single photon counting rate q1(b|x,y) estimated by the decoy state method are respectively:

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] wherein, and respectively, d is the dark count rate of the detector, p0(v) and p0(m) are the probability distributions of the optical pulse with 0 photons and the optical pulse intensity v and m respectively, p1(v) and p1(m) are the probability distributions of the optical pulse with 1 photon and the optical pulse intensity v and m respectively, p2(v) and p2(m) are the probability distributions of the optical pulse with 2 photons and the optical pulse intensity v and m respectively.

[0064] In this embodiment, the randomness size is:

[0065] H min = -log2p guess ,

[0066] wherein H min represents the minimum entropy of the system; p guess is the maximum guessing probability, which can be calculated by the dimension witness W,

[0067] The calculation method is:

[0068]

[0069] wherein the dimension witness is:

[0070]

[0071] It should be noted that the lower bound of the dimension witness W is solved by linear programming and .

[0072] Embodiment 2

[0073] The embodiment provides a method for generating a decoy state quantum random number of a universal light source, and takes six types of light sources as an example, i.e., a weak coherent source, a marked single photon source, a modified coherent state light source, an added single photon coherent state light source, a thermal light source and a binomial distribution light source, and the method is described in detail. It should be pointed out that the method of the embodiment is applicable to different types of non-ideal light sources, and is not limited to the light source types mentioned in the specific embodiments.

[0074] The method for generating a decoy state quantum random number of a universal light source provided by the embodiment comprises:

[0075] S1, a sending end light source generates an optical pulse with an arbitrary type of photon number distribution, and the probability distribution is set as p i (λ), wherein i is the photon number i in the pulse, i.e., i e {0, 1, 2,...}, and λ is the optical pulse intensity, i.e., the average photon number; and then the optical pulse is sent into a state preparation module;

[0076] S2. Alice randomly modulates the light pulse into one of three intensities, denoted by {μ,ν,ο}, which are respectively the signal state, the decoy state, and the vacuum state, where μ>ν>ο;

[0077] S3. Alice randomly prepares the modulated light pulse into one of four different coded states, denoted as ρ. x x∈{0,1,2,3}, where ρ0 and ρ1 form one set of orthogonal bases, and ρ2 and ρ3 form another set of unbiased orthogonal bases; after the state preparation is completed, the light pulse is sent to the tester;

[0078] S4. At the measurement end, Bob randomly selects a basis vector y∈{0,1} to perform projection measurement on the encoded state sent by Alice, obtaining the output result b∈{0,1}. The projection measurement operator is denoted as...

[0079] S5. After the measurement is completed, Alice publishes the intensity ω and encoded state x of each modulated light pulse, and Bob publishes the basis vector y, based on the quantum state ρ. x Using measurement operators The probability of obtaining output b, i.e. The gain Q at the corresponding light pulse intensity can be obtained. ω , ω∈{μ,ν,ο}:

[0080]

[0081] In the formula q i (b|x,y) is the gain of photon i, which can be obtained by the following formula:

[0082]

[0083] in Let be the binomial distribution coefficient, η be the overall transmission efficiency and detector efficiency of the quantum random number generator system, and F(j) be the threshold single-photon detector model, i.e., the probability that any k-photon quantum state will cause the detector to respond is:

[0084]

[0085] Where d is the dark count of the detector.

[0086] Combining the three formulas above, we get:

[0087]

[0088] S6. Since the light source is prepared with three different intensities {μ,ν,ο}, the upper and lower bounds of the channel parameter q1(b|x,y) are estimated using the decoy state method. The derivation process of the lower bound of q1(b|x,y) is as follows: From formula (1), we have:

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] Multiplying both sides of equation (5) by p2(v) gives:

[0092]

[0093] Multiplying both sides of equation (6) by p2(u) gives:

[0094]

[0095] Subtracting equation (8) from equation (7) gives:

[0096]

[0097] After simplifying, we have:

[0098]

[0099] Since,

[0100]

[0101] Thus, we have:

[0102]

[0103] Next, we derive the upper bound. Consider the following equation:

[0104]

[0105] After simplifying, we have:

[0106]

[0107] Since q0(b|x,y) = d, we have:

[0108]

[0109] Similarly, we have:

[0110]

[0111] In summary, we have obtained the upper and lower bounds of q1(b|x,y):

[0112]

[0113]

[0114] S7. Considering statistical fluctuations, the above conclusions are based on the assumption that the number of pulses transmitted by the transmitter is infinite. However, in real-world experiments, only a finite number of pulses can be transmitted. Therefore, the impact of the finite-length effect needs to be considered. Thus, in this embodiment, for and Make corrections.

[0115] Assume the total number of pulses sent in the experiment is N = N μ +N ν +N o , where N μ N ν N ο These represent the number of signal state, decoy state, and vacuum state pulses transmitted, respectively. The gain Q can be... ω The upper and lower bounds are expressed as:

[0116]

[0117] In the formula, σ = 5.3 represents the standard deviation, corresponding to a failure probability of 10. -7 .

[0118] Therefore, the corresponding parameters can be substituted into formulas (17) and (18) to obtain the upper and lower bounds of q1(b|x,y) under finite length, as follows:

[0119]

[0120]

[0121] The dimensional sighting value is obtained based on the observation probability of a single photon:

[0122]

[0123] Then, the maximum probability of guessing the measurement result can be obtained as follows:

[0124]

[0125] The lower bound of the dimensional witness value W can be solved using linear programming. and get.

[0126] The magnitude of randomness in the measurement results is calculated based on the maximum guess probability, and evaluated using minimum entropy:

[0127] H min = -log2 p guess (twenty four)

[0128] Finally, the corresponding proportion of random numbers is extracted from the measurement results according to the minimum entropy.

[0129] Embodiment 3

[0130] This embodiment takes six light source types as an example, and generates quantum random numbers by using the method of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, as follows:

[0131] The probability distribution of each light source is shown as follows:

[0132] A, Weak coherent state source (WCS) can generally be obtained by attenuating laser light, if the phases of all pulses are randomly generated and their photon numbers follow a Poisson distribution:

[0133]

[0134] B, The preparation method of Heralded Single-Photon Source (HSPS) is generally to generate a two-photon pair that follows the conservation of momentum and energy by means of the nonlinear effect of a nonlinear crystal. The photon pair obtained by this method is associated with each other, so it can be labeled smoothly, and it does not need to be destructive measurement on the signal photon carried. Its photon number distribution is:

[0135]

[0136] Where η A and d A are the detection efficiency and dark count of the local labeling detector, respectively.

[0137] C, Modified Coherent State (MCS) is obtained by combining a coherent state and a two-photon state by means of parametric down-conversion, which can remove some multi-photon components. This light source can completely eliminate events of a certain photon number by means of quantum interference effect, and its quantum state can be obtained by transforming a coherent state,

[0138]

[0139] Where, μ and v are amplitude physical quantities, H n is an n-order Hermite matrix, and α is a tuning quantity. When the two-photon case is eliminated, The photon number distribution is:

[0140]

[0141] When the three-photon case is eliminated, The photon number distribution is:

[0142]

[0143] D, the single-photon-added coherent source (SPACS) can be regarded as a superposition of the translation of the single-photon Fock state and the coherent state, and if the Fock state is expanded, the following can be obtained:

[0144]

[0145] E, the thermal source (TS) is a kind of light source commonly found in nature, which is derived from the thermal motion of photons, and it is a typical classical incoherent light, such as LED light. Its photon distribution formula is as follows:

[0146]

[0147] F, the binomial distribution source (BDS) represents a set of n emitters that will release only one photon with a fixed probability of μ / n after excitation, and its photon number distribution is:

[0148]

[0149] Figure 2 Firstly, the photon number distribution column chart of six different light sources when the average photon number is λ = 0.5 is shown. From left to right in the figure, they are weak coherent state light source, marked single-photon source, modified coherent state light source, single-photon-added coherent state light source, thermal distribution light source and binomial distribution light source. When n is equal to 0, the probability of TS is the highest, the probability of HSPS is close to 0, and the probability of SPACS is 0 (because it has no vacuum state component); when n = 1, the probability of SPACS is the highest, and the probability of TS is the smallest; when n = 2, the probability of SPACS is the highest, and the probability of the MCS eliminating 2 photons is 0; when n ≥ 3, the probability of the eliminating MCS is approximately 0. Overall, for the six kinds of light sources, the photon number is smaller and smaller as n increases.

[0150] Figure 3 (a) shows the minimum entropy H 7 min obtained by different light sources when N = 10 Figure 3 (b) shows that the performance difference of QRNG of different light sources in the figure is small, and by observing a section, it can be seen that the minimum entropy H min ​There is a gap, wherein when the total detection efficiency is between 95% and 100%, the performance of the QRNG based on SPACS is the best, and the performance of the QRNG based on HSPS is the worst.

[0151] The simulation results prove that the quantum random number generation method provided by the application can simultaneously consider security and practicability, that is, not only has a semi-device-independent security level, but also has obvious improvement in applicability and compatibility.

[0152] Embodiment 4

[0153] The embodiment provides a kind of based on the system of quantum random number generator of general-purpose light source, including:

[0154] Light source, the light source is used to generate light pulse and send to preparation party Alice;

[0155] Preparation party Alice, for receiving the light pulse random modulation as one of three intensities, the three intensities are signal state, decoy state and vacuum state respectively, represented by {μ,ν,ο}, wherein μ>ν>ο;And for modulated light pulse random preparation as one of four different encoding states, and send to measurement party Bob;Wherein, encoding state is recorded as ρ x , x∈{0,1,2,3} ρ0 and ρ1 constitute a set of orthogonal bases, ρ2 and ρ3 constitute another set of unbiased orthogonal bases;

[0156] Measurement party Bob, for randomly selecting base vector y∈{0,1} to the encoding state of preparation party Alice and obtaining output result b∈{0,1}, projection measurement operator is recorded as

[0157] Random number generator, for based on preparation party Alice publicized modulated light pulse intensity ω, ω∈{μ,ν,ο} and corresponding encoding state ρ x , measurement party Bob publicized base vector y, calculate the encoding state ρ x Using measurement operator The probability p (b|x,y) of output b is obtained;Gain Q ω Under corresponding light pulse intensity ω is calculated based on probability p (b|x,y) ;Gain Q ω Adopt decoy state method to estimate channel parameter and randomness size;And extract random number in measurement result according to randomness size.

[0158] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present application, by using different light sources, different decoy state method, different finite length effect, different implementation system (system on chip, free space system, optical fiber system, etc.) means, also can make a number of improvements and refinements, these improvements and refinements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for generating decoy-state quantum random numbers based on a universal light source, characterized in that, include: Light pulses are generated by a light source and sent to Alice, the fabricator. Alice, through the preparation method, randomly modulates the received light pulses into one of three intensities, namely the signal state, the decoy state, and the vacuum state, denoted by {μ,ν,ο}, where μ>ν>ο; Alice, the preparer, randomly prepares one of four different coded states from the modulated light pulse and sends it to Bob, the measurer; the coded state is denoted as ρ. x For x∈{0,1,2,3}, ρ0 and ρ1 form one orthogonal basis, and ρ2 and ρ3 form another unbiased orthogonal basis; Bob, the measuring agent, randomly selects a basis vector y∈{0,1} and performs projection measurement on the encoded state sent by Alice, the preparing agent, to obtain the output result b∈{0,1}. The projection measurement operator is denoted as... Alice, the fabricator, discloses the modulated optical pulse intensity ω, ω∈{μ,ν,ο}, and the corresponding encoded state ρ. x Bob, the measurement method, publishes the basis vector y and calculates the encoded state ρ. x Using measurement operators The probability of obtaining output b is p(b|x,y); The gain Q is calculated based on the probability p(b|x,y) at the corresponding light pulse intensity ω. ω ; Based on the calculated gain Q ω The decoy state method is used to estimate channel parameters and the magnitude of randomness; The channel parameters are the upper and lower bounds of the single-photon counting rate q1(b|x,y), calculated as follows: in, and denoted as the lower and upper bounds of the single-photon count rate, respectively; p0(ν) and p0(μ) are the probability distributions of light pulses with a photon count of 0 and pulse intensities of ν and μ, respectively; p1(ν) and p1(μ) are the probability distributions of light pulses with a photon count of 1 and pulse intensities of ν and μ, respectively; p2(ν) and p2(μ) are the probability distributions of light pulses with a photon count of 2 and pulse intensities of ν and μ, respectively. The upper and lower bounds of the single-photon counting rate q1(b|x,y) are modified as follows: Calculate the gain Q ω The upper and lower bounds are as follows: in, and These represent the gain Q. ω The upper and lower bounds of ω, ∈ {μ,ν,ο}, σ is the standard deviation, and N ω The number of light pulses with intensity ω; Based on gain Q ω The upper and lower bounds are obtained by revising the upper and lower bounds of the single-photon count rate, as follows: in, and These are the lower and upper bounds of the corrected single-photon count rate, respectively. Random numbers are extracted from the measurement results based on the degree of randomness.

2. The method for generating decoy-state quantum random numbers based on a universal light source according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light source is any one of the following types: Weakly coherent state light source, labeled single-photon source, modified coherent state light source, added single-photon coherent state light source, thermal distribution light source and binomial distribution light source.

3. The method for generating decoy-state quantum random numbers based on a universal light source according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gain Q is calculated based on the probability p(b|x,y) under the light pulse intensity ω. ω ,include: Where, p i (ω) represents the probability distribution of the light pulse, i represents the number of photons in the pulse i∈{0,1,2,...}, η represents the overall transmission efficiency and detector efficiency, and d represents the dark count of the detector.

4. The method for generating decoy-state quantum random numbers based on a universal light source according to claim 3, characterized in that, The magnitude of the randomness is represented using minimum entropy as follows: H min =-log2p guess , Among them, H min For minimum entropy, p guess Let W be the maximum probability of guessing, and W be the dimensional witness value. Solve using linear programming. and By obtaining the lower bound of the dimensional sighting value W, we can then obtain the maximum guessing probability p. guess .

5. A decoy-state quantum random number generator system based on a universal light source, characterized in that, The system is used to implement the decoy-state quantum random number generation method based on a universal light source as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, the system comprising: A light source, used to generate light pulses and send them to Alice, the manufacturer; Alice, the preparer, is used to randomly modulate the received light pulse into one of three intensities: a signal state, a decoy state, and a vacuum state, denoted by {μ, ν, ο}, where μ > ν > ο; and to randomly prepare the modulated light pulse into one of four different coded states and send it to Bob, the measurer; wherein the coded state is denoted as ρ. x For x∈{0,1,2,3}, ρ0 and ρ1 form one orthogonal basis, and ρ2 and ρ3 form another unbiased orthogonal basis; Bob, the measurer, randomly selects a basis vector y∈{0,1} to project the encoded state sent by Alice, the preparer, to obtain the output result b∈{0,1}. The projection measurement operator is denoted as... A random number generator is used to generate a modulated optical pulse intensity ω, where ω∈{μ,ν,ο} and the corresponding encoded state ρ, based on the information published by Alice. x The basis vector y published by Bob is used to calculate the encoded state ρ. x Using measurement operators The probability p(b|x,y) of output b is obtained; based on the probability p(b|x,y), the gain Q at the corresponding light pulse intensity ω is calculated. ω Based on the calculated gain Q ω The decoy state method is used to estimate channel parameters and the magnitude of randomness; and random numbers are extracted from the measurement results based on the magnitude of randomness.

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