An environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector and its application

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of flotation technology, and particularly relates to an environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector and its application. The collector is used for precious metal flotation; its preparation method comprises: combining, by weight, 10 to 30 parts of an organic alcohol, 1 to 10 parts of a phosphorus halide, 10 to 100 parts of an organic solvent, 1 to 20 parts of a sulfur source, and 1 to 20 parts of an amine; first, mixing the prepared organic alcohol, phosphorus halide, and organic solvent to obtain a mixed solution A; then, adding the prepared sulfur source and amine to the mixed solution A, stirring, and finally, adding 0 to 10 parts of a strong acid or strong base, stirring and mixing to obtain the product. The resulting product has a strong capture effect on precious metals such as gold, silver, copper, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum, and has stronger capture capacity and selectivity than existing technologies. At the same time, its environmental impact is far less than that of existing technologies. It can be widely used in the flotation of various precious metal-containing minerals, solid waste, and smelting waste, and has excellent practical value and industrial application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of flotation technology, and in particular relates to an environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Precious metals such as gold and silver hold a vital position in both military and civilian life, serving as high-tech raw materials and investment reserves. Gold, silver, and other associated elements in nonferrous metal minerals are a major source of these precious metals. Unfortunately, however, most mines' beneficiation processes are designed to focus on the recovery of the primary metal, often adopting a one-size-fits-all approach to recovering other valuable elements along with the primary metal. This not only results in a significant loss of precious metal resources like gold and silver, but also reduces the economic efficiency and resource utilization of mines. Efficient recovery and enrichment of precious metals is particularly crucial, especially in the current era of dwindling mineral resources.

[0003] Currently, flotation is the primary method for recovering precious metals such as gold and silver from ores, solid waste, and smelting residues. Common precious metal flotation collectors include xanthates and their derivatives (such as xanthates, sulfonates, xanthates, and sulfonates), black powders and their derivatives (such as No. 25 black powder, butylammonium black powder, ethyl black powder, and butyl black powder), and thiol collectors (such as mercaptans, thiophenols, mercaptothiazoles, and mercaptobenzothiazoles). While these agents are effective in recovering precious metals associated with ores, they all have drawbacks. For example, alkyl mercapto compounds have a strong odor and are highly toxic; mercaptothiazoles and mercaptobenzothiazoles have poor water solubility and are difficult to disperse in water; and black powder collectors have strong foaming properties, resulting in significant gangue carryover. When flotating complex and difficult-to-separate ores, traditional flotation agents struggle to achieve ideal beneficiation performance.

[0004] For this reason, relevant technical personnel at home and abroad have developed a series of new mineral processing reagents to improve the recovery and enrichment of precious metals such as gold and silver. For example, U.S. Patent US2013 / 0092603A1 discloses a combination collector and its use method, which is to mix alkyl thiophosphoric acid and alkyl xanthogenic acid of different carbon chains with organic ammonium salts, and then be used for flotation to capture the associated valuable components (including precious metals such as gold and silver) in the ore. However, this method has the problems of complex reagent formula, high reagent cost, large foam viscosity, and serious mutual inclusion of concentrates, and is less used in industry. Chinese patent CN109967262B discloses a precious metal ore flotation reagent and its application, which is also to mix conventional flotation collectors such as xanthate and black medicine with triphenylphosphine, and then be used for the capture of precious metals. Its essence is that conventional reagents such as xanthate and black medicine play a major role. After being separated from xanthate and black medicine, its capture ability is still worth discussing. Chinese patent CN112122007A discloses a method for increasing the associated gold and silver content in copper concentrate. This method utilizes the synergistic effect of xanthate and aniline black medicine, combined with the inhibitory effects of water glass, carboxymethyl cellulose, and sodium humate, to increase the associated gold and silver content in copper concentrate. While this method can improve gold and silver recovery, it can only be used for re-enrichment of copper concentrate, limiting its application and essentially remaining within the constraints of traditional collectors.

[0005] Nowadays, as people pay more and more attention to environmental protection, the development and research of new, efficient and environmentally friendly collectors is particularly important for the current precious metal beneficiation industry. Currently, the technology of preparing precious metal flotation reagents using alcohol organic compounds and amino compounds as raw materials is rarely reported in the mineral processing industry. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a precious metal collector with stable operation, high efficiency, low toxicity, simple use and strong adaptability and its application. The collector does not contain xanthate / black medicine and can better recover precious metals such as gold and silver from ores, solid wastes and smelting waste residues, thereby improving resource utilization.

[0007] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve the above-mentioned purpose:

[0008] The present invention provides an environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector; the collector is used for precious metal flotation; the collector is prepared by the following steps:

[0009] Step 1

[0010] Prepare, by weight, 10 to 30 parts of an organic alcohol, 1 to 10 parts of a phosphorus halide, 10 to 100 parts of an organic solvent, 1 to 20 parts of a sulfur source, and 1 to 20 parts of an amine; first, uniformly mix the prepared organic alcohol, phosphorus halide, and organic solvent to obtain a mixed solution A; the carbon chain length of the organic alcohol is less than or equal to 8;

[0011] Step 2

[0012] Add the prepared sulfur source and amine to the mixed solution A, and then stir thoroughly to mix;

[0013] Step 3

[0014] 0 to 10 parts by weight of a strong acid or a strong base are added to the mixed solution obtained in step 2, and the mixture is stirred and mixed thoroughly to obtain the precious metal flotation collector.

[0015] The present invention provides an environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector; the precious metal comprises at least one of copper, gold, silver, copper, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides an environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector; in step 1, the alcohol compound is C n H 2n+1 Saturated alcohols with an OH structure, n≥1, wherein n is preferably 2 to 8, more preferably 2 to 4, and even more preferably 3 to 4. It may also be further preferably at least one of ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, and isobutanol.

[0017] Preferably, the present invention provides an environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector; the phosphorus halide is phosphorus trihalide; more preferably phosphorus trichloride;

[0018] The sulfur source is elemental sulfur;

[0019] The amine is selected from at least one of triethylamine and diethylamine, preferably triethylamine.

[0020] The invention discloses an environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector; the first step is to mix uniformly by stirring, and the stirring time is greater than or equal to 10 minutes.

[0021] The invention discloses an environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector; the second step is to mix uniformly by stirring, and the stirring time is greater than or equal to 10 minutes.

[0022] The present invention provides an environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector; in step three, the reaction is carried out under stirring conditions, and the reaction time is greater than or equal to 10 minutes.

[0023] Preferably, the present invention provides an environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector; the alcohol organic matter, phosphorus trichloride, organic solvent, elemental sulfur, triethylamine, strong acid or strong base are prepared by weight, 10 to 30 parts, 1 to 10 parts, 10 to 100 parts, 1 to 20 parts, 1 to 20 parts, 1 to 20 parts, and 3 to 10 parts of organic solvent, and the alcohol organic matter, phosphorus trichloride, organic solvent, elemental sulfur, triethylamine, strong acid or strong base are prepared; the prepared alcohol organic matter, phosphorus trichloride, and organic solvent are first mixed uniformly to obtain a mixed solution A;

[0024] Add the prepared elemental sulfur and triethylamine to the mixed solution A, and then stir thoroughly to mix;

[0025] Then, 3-10 parts of a strong acid or a strong base are added, preferably 9-10 parts of a strong base.

[0026] Preferably, the present invention provides an environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector comprising, by weight, 15-30 parts of an organic alcohol, 5-10 parts of phosphorus trichloride, 50-100 parts of an organic solvent, 6-15 parts of elemental sulfur, 6-15 parts of triethylamine, and 3-10 parts of a strong acid or strong base. The organic alcohol, phosphorus trichloride, organic solvent, elemental sulfur, triethylamine, and strong acid or strong base are further preferably prepared in a mass ratio of elemental sulfur to triethylamine of 1:1.

[0027] Preferably, the present invention provides an environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector; in step 1, the organic solvent is at least one of pyrimidine, dichloromethane, and ether, preferably dichloromethane.

[0028] Preferably, the present invention provides an environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector; in step three, the strong acid is hydrochloric acid; the strong base is at least one of ammonia water, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide, preferably sodium hydroxide.

[0029] In industrial applications, in step 2, the sulfur source is added all at once, and the amine is added dropwise.

[0030] As a further preferred embodiment, 30 parts of isobutanol, 10 parts of phosphorus trichloride, 100 parts of dichloromethane, 11 parts of elemental sulfur, 11 parts of triethylamine, and 10 parts of sodium hydroxide are prepared by weight; 30 parts of isobutanol, 10 parts of phosphorus trichloride, and 100 parts of dichloromethane are first added to a container, and stirred thoroughly until the reaction is complete (the reaction time is 2 hours), 11 parts of elemental sulfur is added at one time, and 11 parts of triethylamine is added dropwise. After continuing to stir thoroughly for 8 hours until the reaction is complete, 10 parts of sodium hydroxide are added and stirred until the solution becomes a brown liquid to obtain the collector.

[0031] The invention discloses an application of an environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector. The raw material containing precious metals is crushed to -200 mesh, accounting for 78% to 81%. The raw material is taken out and water is added to adjust the pulp concentration to 25% to 35%. 100 to 200 g / t of the collector is added and stirred for 2 to 5 minutes. Then, a roughing operation is performed to obtain a coarse concentrate and tailings. 40 to 60 g / t of the flotation collector is added to the roughing tailings, and two scavenging operations are performed. The scavenged concentrate is sequentially returned to the previous flotation operation. The roughing concentrate is subjected to a blank selection to obtain a concentrate. The selected middlings are sequentially returned to the roughing operation. The raw material containing precious metals is selected from at least one of ore, solid waste and smelting waste slag.

[0032] As a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides an application of an environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector; when the mineral raw material is a sulfide ore associated with gold and silver, wherein the gold content is 2.5g / t and the silver content is 100g / t; 500g of the original ore is added into a ball mill and ground to -200 mesh with a concentration of 78% to 81%, taken out and water is added to adjust the slurry concentration to 25% to 35%, 150g / t of the collector is added and stirred for 3 minutes, and then a roughing operation is performed to obtain a coarse concentrate and tailings; in the roughing operation, The tailings are added with 50g / t flotation collector and subjected to two scavenging operations. The scavenged concentrate is sequentially returned to the previous flotation operation. The roughing concentrate is subjected to a blank concentration to obtain concentrate, and the selected middlings are sequentially returned to the roughing operation. The concentrate yield is greater than 7%, and the Au grade in the concentrate is 24-26g / t, the silver grade is 1200-1260g / t, the gold recovery rate is 78-81%, and the silver recovery rate is 92.5-95%.

[0033] The gold-containing mineral in the minerals is natural gold, the silver-containing mineral is natural silver, and other valuable components include galena, sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, etc.

[0034] When 15 parts of isobutanol, 5 parts of phosphorus trichloride and 50 parts of dichloromethane are added to a container equipped with a stirrer and stirred until the reaction is complete (the reaction time is 1 hour), 6 parts of elemental sulfur are added at one time, 6 parts of triethylamine are added dropwise, and stirring is continued for 6 hours until the reaction is complete, 6 parts of sodium hydroxide are added, and stirred until the solution becomes a yellow-brown liquid to obtain the collector. The mineral raw material treated by the collector is a sulfide ore with associated gold and silver, which contains 2.5g / t of gold and 100g / t of silver; 500g of the original ore is added to a ball mill and ground to -200 mesh accounting for 78% to 81%, and then taken out and water is added to adjust the slurry concentration to The method comprises the following steps: the first step is to add a 150 g / t collector to the roughing tailings, stir for 3 minutes, and then perform a roughing operation to obtain a coarse concentrate and tailings; the second step is to add a 50 g / t flotation collector to the roughing tailings, perform two scavenging operations, and the scavenged concentrate is sequentially returned to the previous flotation operation; the third step is to perform a blank concentration on the roughing concentrate to obtain a concentrate, and the concentrated middlings are sequentially returned to the roughing operation; the yield of the concentrate is only 8-8.05%, and the grade of Au in the concentrate is 25.3-25.4 g / t, the grade of silver is 1200-1202 g / t, the average recovery rate of gold is 80.34%, and the average recovery rate of silver is 93.73%.

[0035] When 30 parts of isobutanol, 10 parts of phosphorus trichloride and 100 parts of dichloromethane are added to a container equipped with a stirrer and stirred until the reaction is complete (the reaction time is 2 hours), 11 parts of elemental sulfur are added at one time, and 11 parts of triethylamine are added dropwise. After stirring for 8 hours until the reaction is complete, 10 parts of sodium hydroxide are added and stirred until the solution becomes a brown liquid to obtain the collector. The mineral raw material treated by the collector is a sulfide ore with associated gold and silver, which contains 2.5g / t of gold and 100g / t of silver. 500g of raw ore is added to a ball mill and ground to -200 mesh, accounting for 78% to 81%. It is taken out and water is added to adjust the pulp concentration to 25-35%. 150g / t of the collector is added and stirred for 3 minutes, and then a roughing operation is carried out to obtain a coarse concentrate and tailings. 50g / t of flotation collector is added to the roughing tailings. Two scavenging operations are carried out, and the scavenged concentrate is returned to the previous flotation operation in sequence. A blank selection is carried out on the roughing concentrate to obtain concentrate, and the selected middlings are returned to the roughing operation in sequence. The yield of the concentrate is only 8.2-8.25%, and the grade of Au in the concentrate is 24.3-24.5g / t, and the grade of silver is 1215-1220g / t. The average recovery rate of gold is 79.05%, and the average recovery rate of silver is 94.78%.

[0036] Compared with the current precious metal flotation collectors, the technical solution of the present invention brings the following beneficial effects:

[0037] ① The collector provided by the present invention does not contain xanthate or black medicine and has a strong ability to capture precious metals such as copper, gold, silver, copper, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum, which is beneficial to improving the recovery rate of precious metals such as copper, gold, silver, copper, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum, and increasing flotation efficiency.

[0038] ② Compared with other collectors, the collector provided by the present invention has the advantages of being environmentally friendly, widely available, low in price, and having obvious effects, and is easy to degrade and has little environmental pollution.

[0039] ③ The collector provided by the present invention has a simple preparation method, mild operating conditions, can be added directly, and has a wide pH applicable range.

[0040] ④ The collector developed by the present invention can achieve the recovery of more than 78% of Au and more than 92.5% of silver through simple flotation, i.e., one roughing separation + one blank separation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following examples are intended to further illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

[0042] 1. Collector Preparation

[0043] Example 1

[0044] 30 parts of isobutanol, 10 parts of phosphorus trichloride and 100 parts of dichloromethane were added to a container equipped with a stirrer. After sufficient stirring until the reaction was complete (the reaction time was 2 hours), 11 parts of elemental sulfur were added at one time, and 11 parts of triethylamine were added dropwise. After further sufficient stirring for 8 hours until the reaction was complete, 10 parts of sodium hydroxide were added and stirred until the solution became a brown liquid to obtain the collector, which was recorded as implementation reagent 1.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] 15 parts of isobutanol, 5 parts of phosphorus trichloride and 50 parts of dichloromethane were added to a container equipped with a stirrer. After sufficient stirring until the reaction was complete (reaction time was 1 hour), 6 parts of elemental sulfur were added at one time, and 6 parts of triethylamine were added dropwise. After further sufficient stirring for 6 hours until the reaction was complete, 6 parts of sodium hydroxide were added and stirred until the solution became a yellow-brown liquid to obtain the collector, which was recorded as implementation reagent 2.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] 30 parts of ethanol, 10 parts of phosphorus trichloride and 80 parts of pyrimidine were added to a container equipped with a stirrer. After sufficient stirring until the reaction was complete (the reaction time was 2 hours), 11 parts of elemental sulfur were added at one time, and 11 parts of triethylamine were added dropwise. After further sufficient stirring for 8 hours until the reaction was complete, 5 parts of hydrochloric acid were added and stirred until the solution became a light yellow liquid to obtain the collector, which was recorded as embodiment reagent 3.

[0049] Example 4

[0050] 20 parts of ethanol, 8 parts of phosphorus trichloride and 100 parts of ether were added to a container equipped with a stirrer. After stirring thoroughly until the reaction was complete (reaction time was 1.5 hours), 8 parts of elemental sulfur were added at one time, and 8 parts of triethylamine were added dropwise. After stirring thoroughly for 6 hours until the reaction was complete, 3 parts of hydrochloric acid were added and stirred until the solution became a light yellow liquid, which was the collector, recorded as implementation reagent 4.

[0051] Comparative Example 1

[0052] The other conditions were the same as those in Example 1, except that no alcohol organic matter was added; the resulting product was recorded as comparative reagent 1.

[0053] Comparative Example 2

[0054] Other conditions were the same as those in Example 1, except that phosphorus trichloride was not added; the resulting product was recorded as comparative reagent 2.

[0055] Comparative Example 3

[0056] Other conditions were consistent with those in Example 1, except that elemental sulfur was not added; the resulting product was recorded as comparative reagent 3.

[0057] Comparative Example 4

[0058] The other conditions were the same as those in Example 1, except that triethylamine was not added; the resulting product was recorded as comparative reagent 4.

[0059] Comparative Example 5

[0060] Other conditions were the same as those in Example 1, except that all reactants were added to the container at the same time and stirred to mix thoroughly; the resulting product was recorded as comparative reagent 5.

[0061] Comparative Example 6

[0062] Other conditions were consistent with those in Example 1, except that 100 parts of isobutanol was used; the resulting product was designated as comparative reagent 6.

[0063] Comparative Example 7

[0064] Other conditions were the same as those in Example 1, except that the amount of phosphorus trichloride used was 100 parts; the resulting product was recorded as comparative reagent 7.

[0065] Comparative Example 8

[0066] Other conditions were consistent with those in Example 1, except that the amount of elemental sulfur used was 100 parts; the resulting product was recorded as comparative reagent 8.

[0067] Comparative Example 9

[0068] Other conditions were consistent with those in Example 1, except that 100 parts of triethylamine was used; the resulting product was designated as comparative reagent 9.

[0069] Comparative Example 10

[0070] Comparative Example 10 selected ethyl xanthate as the collecting agent.

[0071] Comparative Example 11

[0072] Comparative Example 11 uses butyl ammonium chloride as the collecting agent.

[0073] Comparative Example 12

[0074] Comparative Example 12 uses mercaptobenzothiazole as the collector.

[0075] 2. Flotation experiment

[0076] 1. Raw materials

[0077] The raw mineral was a sulfide ore from Hunan Province, containing 2.5 g / t of gold and 100 g / t of silver. Phase analysis revealed that the primary gold-bearing mineral in the ore was native gold, the primary silver-bearing mineral was native silver, and other valuable components included galena, sphalerite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite. The collectors used in the experiments were those obtained in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-12.

[0078] 2. Operation steps are technical conditions

[0079] 500 g of raw ore was added to a ball mill and ground to about 80% of -200 mesh. The ore was taken out and water was added to adjust the pulp concentration to 25-35%. The 150 g / t collector was added and stirred for 3 minutes. Then, a roughing operation was performed to obtain a coarse concentrate and tailings. 50 g / t of flotation collector was added to the roughing tailings and two scavenging operations were performed. The scavenged concentrate was sequentially returned to the previous flotation operation. A blank selection was performed on the roughing concentrate to obtain a concentrate. The selected middlings were sequentially returned to the roughing operation. The experimental comparison results are shown in Table 1.

[0080] Table 1 Results of flotation using the collectors obtained from the comparative experiments of various embodiments

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] The flotation test results of the collectors obtained in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-12 demonstrate that the collectors prepared according to the technical scheme disclosed herein exhibit excellent capture and selectivity for precious metals such as gold and silver. Compared to traditional collectors such as xanthate, using equivalent raw materials and beneficiation systems, the technical scheme disclosed herein can achieve higher recoveries and better beneficiation performance. Furthermore, the flotation test results of the collectors obtained in Comparative Examples 1-9 demonstrate that collectors synthesized with a composition ratio outside the scope of the present invention or single-component collectors cannot achieve excellent capture of precious metals such as gold and silver.

Claims

1. An environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector; characterized by: The collector is used for precious metal flotation; the collector is prepared by the following steps: Step 1 Prepare, by weight, 10-30 parts of an organic alcohol, 1-10 parts of a phosphorus halide, 10-100 parts of an organic solvent, 1-20 parts of a sulfur source, and 1-20 parts of an amine; first, uniformly mix the prepared organic alcohol, phosphorus halide, and organic solvent to obtain a mixed solution A; the carbon chain length of the organic alcohol is less than or equal to 8; Step 2 Add the prepared sulfur source and amine into the mixed solution A, and then stir thoroughly to mix; Step 3 Add 0-10 parts by weight of a strong acid or a strong base to the mixed solution obtained in step 2, and stir and mix thoroughly to obtain the precious metal flotation collector; The precious metal includes at least one of gold and silver.

2. An environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the alcohol compound is C n H 2n+1 Saturated alcohol with OH structure, n≥1.

3. An environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector according to claim 2, characterized in that: Where n is 2~8.

4. The environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector according to claim 3, characterized in that: Where n is 2~4.

5. The environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector according to claim 4, characterized in that: Where n is 3~4.

6. The method for preparing an environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phosphorus halide is a phosphorus trihalide; The sulfur source is elemental sulfur; The amine is selected from at least one of triethylamine and diethylamine.

7. The method for preparing an environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector according to claim 6, characterized in that: The phosphorus halide is phosphorus trichloride; and the amine is triethylamine.

8. The environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: Prepare, by weight, 10-30 parts of an organic alcohol, 1-10 parts of phosphorus trichloride, 10-100 parts of an organic solvent, 1-20 parts of elemental sulfur, 1-20 parts of triethylamine, and 3-10 parts of a strong acid or a strong base. First, uniformly mix the prepared organic alcohol, phosphorus trichloride, and organic solvent to obtain a mixed solution A. Add the prepared elemental sulfur and triethylamine to the mixed solution A, and then stir thoroughly to mix; Then add 3-10 parts of the prepared strong acid or strong base.

9. The environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector according to claim 8, characterized in that: Add 9-10 parts of strong base.

10. The environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: By weight, 15-30 parts of alcohol organic matter, 5-10 parts of phosphorus trichloride, 50-100 parts of organic solvent, 6-15 parts of elemental sulfur, 6-15 parts of triethylamine, and 3-10 parts of strong acid or strong base are prepared.

11. The environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of elemental sulfur to triethylamine is 1:

1.

12. The environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the organic solvent is at least one of pyrimidine, dichloromethane, and ether.

13. The environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the strong acid is hydrochloric acid; the strong base is at least one of ammonia water, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide.

14. Use of an environmentally friendly precious metal flotation collector according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that: The raw materials containing precious metals are crushed to -200 mesh, accounting for 78% to 81%, taken out and water is added to adjust the pulp concentration to 25 to 35%, 100 to 200 g / t of the collector is added and stirred for 2 to 5 minutes, and then a roughing operation is performed to obtain a rough concentrate and tailings; 40 to 60 g / t of flotation collector is added to the roughing tailings, and two scavenging operations are performed, and the scavenged concentrate is sequentially returned to the previous flotation operation; the roughing concentrate is subjected to a blank selection to obtain a concentrate, and the selected middlings are sequentially returned to the roughing operation; the raw materials containing precious metals are selected from at least one of ore, solid waste, and smelting waste.

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