Seismic source location method, processor and device based on seismic wave dynamic parameters

Abstract

The present invention provides a method, a processor and a device for source location based on seismic wave dynamic parameters. The method includes the steps of: acquiring original seismic wave data of a target area, identifying seismic wave phases and picking the first arrivals to obtain the arrival times of the first arrivals; acquiring seismic wave band data based on the first arrivals; performing an initial source location according to the arrival times of the first arrivals to obtain initial source coordinates; calculating the dip polarization angle and the azimuth polarization angle of the original seismic wave; performing vector synthesis based on the initial source location and the observation point coordinates, in combination with the dip polarization angle and the azimuth polarization angle, to obtain new seismic wave data; establishing a precise source location equation based on the seismic wave dip polarization angle and azimuth polarization angle, the new seismic wave data and the first arrivals, and performing a precise source location. The processor is configured to execute the method. The device includes the processor. The present invention can achieve multi-mode vibration location and solve the problems of difficult confirmation of vibration source positions and low accuracy in active and passive seismic monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of seismic data monitoring, and in particular, to a method, a processor, and a device for source location based on seismic wave dynamic parameters. Background Art

[0002] Earthquakes can be divided into active earthquakes and passive earthquakes, mainly including active source location in three-dimensional seismic exploration, surface vibration source location, small-scale seismic activities caused by natural earthquakes or natural faults / fractures, vibrations caused by geological disasters, etc. These earthquakes or vibrations are collectively referred to as vibration sources, and the seismic data of these vibration sources are collectively referred to as seismic data. With the rapid development of the national economy, the consumption of oil and gas resources continues to grow. Seismic exploration mainly based on oil and gas resources, engineering construction, etc. will all cause a large amount of vibrations to generate seismic wave signals. Since the vibration sources are unknown and have a greater impact on engineering construction and the environment, therefore, how to quickly and accurately locate the vibration sources is of great significance for industrial production, engineering operations, security, etc.

[0003] The present invention uses the seismic wave signals observed and recorded by seismic equipment, and utilizes information such as seismic wave amplitude, polarity, first arrival, etc. to realize the automatic detection and location of vibration sources, thereby providing important technical support for geological exploration resource exploration, engineering construction risk assessment, geological disaster early warning, etc., and solving technical problems such as difficult confirmation of vibration source positions and low accuracy in active and passive seismic monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to solve at least one of the above-mentioned deficiencies existing in the prior art. For example, one object of the present invention is to provide a method for source location based on seismic wave dynamic and kinematic parameters. Another object of the present invention is to provide a processor that executes the method for source location based on seismic wave dynamic and kinematic parameters.

[0005] To achieve the above object, one aspect of the present invention provides a method for source location based on seismic wave dynamic and kinematic parameters, characterized in that the method includes the steps of:

[0006] Obtain the original seismic wave data of the target area, identify the seismic wave phases according to the original seismic wave data, pick the first arrival of the seismic wave phases, and obtain the arrival first arrival time;

[0007] Obtain the band data of the seismic wave according to the first arrival; perform an initial source location according to the arrival first arrival time, and obtain the initial source coordinates;

[0008] Calculate the dip polarization angle and the azimuth polarization angle using three components of the original seismic wave;

[0009] According to the initial location of the seismic source and the coordinates of the observation points, combined with the dip polarization angle and the azimuth polarization angle, the original seismic waves are vectorially synthesized to obtain new seismic wave data, such that the P-wave radial components of these three components point along the line connecting the initial location coordinates and the observation points;

[0010] Based on the dip polarization angle and the azimuth polarization angle of the seismic waves, the new seismic wave data and the first arrivals, a precise location equation set of the seismic source is established, and the coefficients of the equation set are determined according to different observation scenarios, thereby precisely locating the seismic source.

[0011] In an exemplary embodiment of one aspect of the present invention, the method may further include the step of:

[0012] Using the obtained precise location of the seismic source to replace the initial location of the seismic source in the foregoing steps for iteration, thereby improving the location accuracy of the seismic source.

[0013] In an exemplary embodiment of one aspect of the present invention, the seismic phases of the seismic waves may include P-waves, S-waves, or both P-waves and S-waves are present.

[0014] In an exemplary embodiment of one aspect of the present invention, for the P-waves, the first arrivals are picked up, and their arrival times can be expressed as Equation 1,

[0015] T P =(t P，1 ,...,t P，i ,...,t P，N ,t0) Equation 1

[0016] where T P is the first arrivals of the P-waves picked up from N trace gathers, with the unit of s or ms; t P,1 is the first arrival of the P-wave in the seismic wave data recorded at the first observation point, with the unit of s, ms or time sample points; t P,i is the first arrival of the P-wave in the seismic wave data recorded at the i-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or time sample points; t P,N is the first arrival of the P-wave in the seismic wave data recorded at the N-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or time sample points; t0 is the earthquake occurrence time of the seismic source to be inverted, with the unit of s, ms or time sample points.

[0017] In an exemplary embodiment of one aspect of the present invention, for the S-waves, the first arrivals are picked up, and their arrival times can be expressed as Equation 2,

[0018] T S =(t S，1 ,...,t S，i ,...,t s，N ,t0) Equation 2

[0019] where T SThe S-wave first arrivals picked for N gather, with the unit of s, ms or number of time samples; t S,1 The S-wave first arrival of the seismic wave data recorded at the first observation point, with the unit of s, ms or number of time samples; t S,i The S-wave first arrival of the seismic wave data recorded at the i-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or number of time samples; t S,N The S-wave first arrival of the seismic wave data recorded at the N-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or number of time samples; t0 is the earthquake origin time to be inverted, with the unit of s, ms or number of time samples.

[0020] In an exemplary embodiment of one aspect of the present invention, the obtaining the band data of the seismic wave according to the first arrival may include:

[0021] Combined with the P-wave first arrival, obtain the P-wave band data of the seismic wave at each observation station through Equation 3,

[0022] S P，k =[S P，1，k (χ R，1 , t1, t0),..., S P，i，k (χ R，i , t i , t0),..., S P，N，k (χ R，N , t N , t0)] Equation 3

[0023] Wherein, S p,k is the P-wave of the seismic wave recorded by the k-th component, with the unit of m, cm, mm or μm; S P，1，k (χ R，1 , t1, t0) is the seismic P-wave waveform of the k-th component obtained when the observation point is located at χ R，1 and the starting time of the band is t1, with the unit of m, cm, mm or μm; S P，i，k (χ R，i , t i , t0) is the seismic P-wave waveform of the k-th component obtained when the observation point is located at χ R，i and the starting time of the band is t i obtained, with the unit of m, cm, mm or μm; S P，N，k (χ R，N , t N , t0) is the seismic P-wave waveform of the k-th component obtained when the observation point is located at χ R，N and the starting time of the band is t N obtained, with the unit of m, cm, mm or μm; t0 is the earthquake origin time, with the unit of s, ms or number of time samples;

[0024] Combined with the S-wave first arrival, obtain the S-wave band data of the seismic wave at each observation station through Equation 4,

[0025] S S，k = [S S，1，k (χ R，1 , t1, t0),..., S S，i，k (χ R，i , t i , t0),..., S S，N，k (χ R，N , t N , t0)] Equation 4

[0026] Among them, S S,k is the S-wave of the seismic wave recorded by the k-th component, with the unit of m, cm, mm or μm; S S，1，k (χ R，1 , t1, t0) is the seismic S-wave waveform of the k-th component obtained when the observation point is located at χ R，1 and the starting time of the wave band is t1, with the unit of m, cm, mm or μm; S S，i，k (χ R，i， t i , t0) is the seismic S-wave waveform of the k-th component obtained when the observation point is located at χ R，i and the starting time of the wave band is t i , with the unit of m, cm, mm or μm; S S，N，k (χ R，N , t N , t0) is the seismic S-wave waveform of the k-th component obtained when the observation point is located at χ R，N and the starting time of the wave band is t N , with the unit of m, cm, mm or μm; t0 is the earthquake origin time, with the unit of s, ms or the number of time samples.

[0027] In an exemplary embodiment of one aspect of the present invention, the realization of the initial source location may include:

[0028] For seismic data that can obtain both P-waves and S-waves, use Equation 5 to calculate the initial source coordinates and realize the initial source location;

[0029]

[0030] Among them, S(χ S ) is the time residual, with the unit of s, ms or the number of sampling points; χ S is the initial source coordinate, with the unit of m or km; t S，i，c is the calculated travel time of the S-wave from the possible source to the i-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or the number of sampling points; t P，i，c is the calculated travel time of the P-wave from the possible source to the i-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or the number of sampling points; t S，iThe actual arrival time of the S-wave from the possible seismic source to the $i$-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms, or the number of sampling points; $t$ P，i The actual arrival time of the P-wave from the possible seismic source to the $i$-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms, or the number of sampling points;

[0031] For the vibration source waveform with only P-waves or S-waves, the initial coordinates of the seismic source are calculated using Equation 6 to achieve the initial positioning of the seismic source;

[0032]

[0033] where $S(\chi$ S ) is the time residual, with the unit of s, ms, or the number of sampling points; $\chi$ S is the initial coordinate of the seismic source, with the unit of m or km; $t$ m，i，c is the calculated arrival time of the $m$-wave from the possible seismic source to the $i$-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms, or the number of sampling points; $t$ m，i is the actual arrival time of the $m$-wave from the possible seismic source to the $i$-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms, or the number of sampling points; $t$ m，j，c is the calculated arrival time of the $m$-wave from the possible seismic source to the $j$-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms, or the number of sampling points; $t$ m，j is the actual arrival time of the $m$-wave from the possible seismic source to the $j$-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms, or the number of sampling points.

[0034] In an exemplary embodiment of one aspect of the present invention, the seismic source fine-positioning equation set can be as shown in Equation 7:

[0035]

[0036] where $S$ E $(\chi$ S ) is the inversion iteration parameter, which represents the minimum error factor of the seismic source inversion based on the multi-factor collaborative mode, dimensionless; $\theta$ i,r is the observed dip angle of the actual seismic wave incident on the observation point $i$, with the unit of degree or radian; $\theta$ i,c is the calculated dip angle of the seismic wave incident on the observation point $i$, with the unit of degree or radian; $q$ is an exponent, dimensionless; is the end time of the P-wave at the $i$-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms, or the number of sampling points; is the end time of the S-wave at the $i$-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms, or the number of sampling points; $\varphi$ i，r is the observed azimuth angle of the actual seismic wave incident on the observation point $i$, with the unit of degree or radian; $\varphi$ i，c is the calculated azimuth angle of the seismic wave incident on the observation point $i$, with the unit of degree or radian; $T$ resi is the residual shown in Equation 5 or Equation 6, with the unit of s, ms, or the number of sampling points; represents the possible seismic source $\chi$ S and the observation point $\chi$R，i The relative time of S-wave propagation, in units of s, ms, or number of sampling points; Denote the possible source χ S And the observation point χ R，i The relative time of P-wave propagation, in units of s, ms, or number of sampling points; A i And B i Are seismic wave compensation factors caused by the radiation pattern of the vibration point and the seismic wave propagation path, dimensionless; a is the weight coefficient of the dip polarization angle, dimensionless; b is the weight coefficient of the azimuth polarization angle, dimensionless; c is the weight coefficient based on the first arrival information of the seismic wave, dimensionless; d1 and d2 are the weight coefficients based on the full waveband of the seismic wave, dimensionless.

[0037] Another aspect of the present invention provides a processor configured to execute the source location method based on seismic wave dynamics and kinematic parameters described in any one of the above.

[0038] Another aspect of the present invention provides a device for source location based on seismic wave dynamics and kinematic parameters, and the device includes the above-mentioned processor.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least one of the following:

[0040] (1) The source location method based on seismic wave dynamics and kinematic parameters of the present invention uses the seismic wave signals observed and recorded by seismic equipment, and utilizes information such as seismic wave amplitude, polarity, and first arrival to realize the automatic detection and location of the vibration source, thereby providing important technical support for geological exploration resource exploration, engineering construction risk assessment, geological disaster early warning, etc.;

[0041] (2) The source location method based on seismic wave dynamics and kinematic parameters of the present invention can be applied to the response of underground fracture activities caused by artificial injection and production such as hydraulic fracturing, deep geothermal exploitation, mine exploitation, carbon dioxide geological storage, gas storage injection and production, waste water reinjection, etc., as well as source location caused by natural reasons such as natural earthquakes;

[0042] (3) The source location method based on seismic wave dynamics and kinematic parameters of the present invention can also be applied to the detection and location of active source detection, noise source detection and location, geological disasters and other related vibration sources in oil and gas seismic exploration, and has broad engineering and industrial technology applications and scientific research prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Through the following description in conjunction with the drawings, the above and other objects and / or features of the present invention will become clearer, wherein:

[0044] Figure 1The flowchart of the seismic source location method based on seismic wave dynamics and kinematic parameters according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. Detailed implementation manners

[0045] Hereinafter, the seismic source location method, processor, and device of the present invention based on seismic wave dynamic parameters will be described in detail with reference to exemplary embodiments.

[0046] Figure 1 The flowchart of the seismic source location method based on seismic wave dynamics and kinematic parameters according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0047] In the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention, for the seismic source location method based on seismic wave dynamics and kinematic parameters, the method includes the steps of:

[0048] Obtain the original seismic wave data of the target area, identify the seismic wave phases according to the original seismic wave data, pick the first arrivals of the seismic wave phases, and obtain the arrival first arrival times;

[0049] Obtain the band data of the seismic wave according to the first arrivals; perform an initial location of the seismic source according to the arrival first arrival times, and obtain the initial coordinates of the seismic source;

[0050] Calculate the dip polarization angle and azimuth polarization angle using the three components of the original seismic wave;

[0051] According to the initial location of the seismic source and the coordinates of the observation points, and in combination with the dip polarization angle and azimuth polarization angle, perform vector synthesis on the original seismic wave to obtain new seismic wave data, such that the P-wave radial component of these three components points along the line connecting the initial location coordinates and the observation points;

[0052] Establish a precise location equation set of the seismic source according to the dip polarization angle and azimuth polarization angle of the seismic wave, the new seismic wave data, and the first arrivals, and determine the coefficients of the equation set according to different observation scenarios, so as to perform precise location of the seismic source.

[0053] In this exemplary embodiment, the method further includes the steps of:

[0054] Use the obtained precise location of the seismic source to replace the initial location of the seismic source in the foregoing steps for iteration, so as to improve the location accuracy of the seismic source.

[0055] In this exemplary embodiment, the seismic wave phases include P-wave, S-wave, or both P-wave and S-wave exist.

[0056] In this exemplary embodiment, when picking the first arrival of the P-wave, its arrival first arrival time is expressed as Equation 1,

[0057] T P =(t P，1 ,..., t P，i,..., t P，N , t0) Equation 1

[0058] Where, T P is the P-wave first arrival picked from N gather, with the unit of s or ms; t P,1 is the P-wave first arrival of the seismic wave data recorded at the first observation point, with the unit of s, ms or time sample number; t P,i is the P-wave first arrival of the seismic wave data recorded at the i-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or time sample number; t P,N is the P-wave first arrival of the seismic wave data recorded at the N-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or time sample number; t0 is the origin time of the source to be inverted, with the unit of s, ms or time sample number. Here, T P , t P,1 , t P,i , t P,N can be the sample number, or the time in ms or s. It is confirmed according to different data, and only the units in the equations need to be kept consistent.

[0059] In this exemplary embodiment, for the S-wave first arrival picked, its arrival first arrival time is expressed as Equation 2,

[0060] T S =(t S，1 ,..., t S，i ,..., t S，N , t0) Equation 2

[0061] Where, T S is the S-wave first arrival picked from N gather, with the unit of s, ms or time sample number; t S,1 is the S-wave first arrival of the seismic wave data recorded at the first observation point, with the unit of s, ms or time sample number; t S,i is the S-wave first arrival of the seismic wave data recorded at the i-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or time sample number; t S,N is the S-wave first arrival of the seismic wave data recorded at the N-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or time sample number; t0 is the origin time of the source to be inverted, with the unit of s, ms or time sample number. Here, if the P-wave and S-wave are excited by the same seismic event, then the t0 in T P and T S is the same. T S , t S,1 , t S,i , t S,N can be the sample number, or the time in ms or s. It is confirmed according to different data, and only the units in the equations need to be kept consistent.

[0062] In this exemplary embodiment, the obtaining the band data of the seismic wave according to the first arrival includes:

[0063] Combined with the P-wave arrival time, the P-wave band data of the seismic waves at each observation station are obtained through Equation 3.

[0064] S P，k =[S P，1，k (χ R，1 , t1, t0),..., S P，i，k (χ R，i , t i , t0),..., S P，N，k (χ R，N , t N , t0)] Equation 3

[0065] where S p,k is the P-wave of the seismic wave recorded by the k-th component, with the unit of m, cm, mm or μm; S P，1，k (χ R，1 , t1, t0) is the seismic P-wave waveform of the k-th component obtained when the observation point is located at χ R，1 and the starting time of the band is t1, with the unit of m, cm, mm or μm; S P，i，k (χ R，i , t i , t0) is the seismic P-wave waveform of the k-th component obtained when the observation point is located at χ R，i and the starting time of the band is t i , with the unit of m, cm, mm or μm; S P，N，k (χ R，N , t N , t0) is the seismic P-wave waveform of the k-th component obtained when the observation point is located at χ R，N and the starting time of the band is t N , with the unit of m, cm, mm or μm; t0 is the earthquake origin time, with the unit of s, ms or time sample points. Here, S P，k , S P，1，k (χ R，1 , t1, t0), S P，i，k (χ R，i， t i , t0), S P，N，k (χ R，N , t N , t0) can be amplitude, velocity or acceleration, depending on the observed seismic wave signal. The seismic data recorded by velocity and acceleration geophones can be converted into displacement data by removing the instrument response, so their units can be m, cm, mm or μm, etc., and it is only necessary to keep them consistent in the entire inversion system.

[0066] Combined with the S-wave arrival time, the S-wave band data of the seismic waves at each observation station are obtained through Equation 4. S S，k =[S S，1，k (χ R，1, t1, t0),..., S S，i，k (χ R，i , t i , t0),..., S S，N，k (χ R，N , t N , t0)] Equation 4

[0067] where S S,k is the S-wave of the seismic wave recorded by the k-th component, with the unit of m, cm, mm or μm; S S，1，k (χ R，1 , t1, t0) is the seismic S-wave waveform of the k-th component obtained when the observation point is located at χ R，1 and the starting time of the waveband is t1, with the unit of m, cm, mm or μm; S S，i，k (χ R，i , t i , t0) is the seismic S-wave waveform of the k-th component obtained when the observation point is located at χ R，i and the starting time of the waveband is t i obtained, with the unit of m, cm, mm or μm; S S，N，k (χ R，N , t N , t0) is the seismic S-wave waveform of the k-th component obtained when the observation point is located at χ R，N and the starting time of the waveband is t N obtained, with the unit of m, cm, mm or μm; t0 is the earthquake origin time, with the unit of s, ms or time sample points. Here, S S，k , S S，1，k (χ R，1 , t1, t0), S S，i，k (χ R，i , t i , t0), S S，N，k (χ R，N , t N , t0) can represent amplitude, velocity or acceleration, depending on the observed seismic wave signal. The seismic data recorded by velocity and acceleration detectors can be converted into displacement data by removing the instrument response, so its unit can be m, cm, mm or μm, etc., and it only needs to be consistent throughout the inversion system.

[0068] In this exemplary embodiment, the realization of the earthquake origin initial positioning includes:

[0069] For the seismic data that can obtain both P-waves and S-waves, use Equation 5 to calculate the initial coordinates of the earthquake origin and realize the initial positioning of the earthquake origin;

[0070]

[0071] where S(χ Sis the time residual, with the unit of s, ms or number of sampling points; χ S is the initial coordinate of the seismic source, with the unit of m or km; t S，i，c is the calculated travel time of the S-wave from the possible seismic source to the i-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or number of sampling points; t P，i，c is the calculated travel time of the P-wave from the possible seismic source to the i-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or number of sampling points; t S，i is the actual first arrival time of the S-wave from the possible seismic source to the i-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or number of sampling points; t P，i is the actual first arrival time of the P-wave from the possible seismic source to the i-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or number of sampling points; here, t S，i，c t P，i，c t S，i t P，i can be represented by the number of sample points or relative time. If it is time, the unit is s, ms or other time units. If it is a sample point, multiply by the time sampling interval to become a time unit.

[0072] For the vibration source waveform with only P-waves or S-waves, the initial coordinate of the seismic source is calculated using Equation 6 to achieve the initial positioning of the seismic source;

[0073]

[0074] where S(χ S ) is the time residual, with the unit of s, ms or number of sampling points; χ S is the initial coordinate of the seismic source, with the unit of m or km; t m，i，c is the calculated arrival time of the m-wave from the possible seismic source to the i-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or number of sampling points; t m，i is the actual first arrival time of the m-wave from the possible seismic source to the i-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or number of sampling points; t m，j，c is the calculated arrival time of the m-wave from the possible seismic source to the j-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or number of sampling points; t m，j is the actual first arrival time of the m-wave from the possible seismic source to the j-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or number of sampling points, here, t m，i，c t m，j，c t m，i t m，j can be represented by the number of sample points or relative time. If it is time, the unit is s, ms or other time units. If it is a sample point, multiply by the time sampling interval to become a time unit.

[0075] In this exemplary embodiment, the seismic source precise positioning equation set is as shown in Equation 7:

[0076]

[0077] where SE (χ S ) is the inversion iteration parameter, which represents the minimum error factor of source inversion based on the multi-factor collaborative mode, dimensionless; θ i,r is the observed dip angle of the actual seismic wave incident on the observation point i, in degrees or radians; θ i,c is the calculated dip angle of the seismic wave incident on the observation point i, in degrees or radians; q is an exponent, dimensionless; is the end time of the P-wave at the i-th observation point, in s, ms or sampling points; is the end time of the S-wave at the i-th observation point, in s, ms or sampling points; φ i，r is the observed azimuth angle of the actual seismic wave incident on the observation point i, in degrees or radians; φ i，c is the calculated azimuth angle of the seismic wave incident on the observation point i, in degrees or radians; T resi is the residual shown in Equation 5 or Equation 6, in s, ms or sampling points; represents the possible source χ S and the relative S-wave propagation time to the observation point χ R，i , in s, ms or sampling points; represents the possible source χ S and the relative P-wave propagation time to the observation point χ R，i , in s, ms or sampling points; A i and B i are the seismic wave compensation factors caused by the radiation pattern of the vibrating point and the seismic wave propagation path, dimensionless; a is the weight coefficient of the dip polarization angle, dimensionless; b is the weight coefficient of the azimuth polarization angle, dimensionless; c is the weight coefficient based on the first arrival information of the seismic wave, dimensionless; d1 and d2 are the weight coefficients based on the full waveband of the seismic wave, dimensionless.

[0078] Specifically, the present invention realizes the precise positioning of the vibration source through the joint of the micro-seismic wave dynamics and kinematics characteristics, thereby realizing the positioning of the vibration source in various application scenarios, and providing method and technical support for industrial production, engineering applications, etc.

[0079] As Figure 1 shown, the specific process of the source positioning method based on the seismic wave dynamics and kinematic parameters of the present invention is as follows.

[0080] ① Identify the seismic wave phases and pick the first arrivals of the phases

[0081] Seismic wave data (i.e., original seismic wave data) generated by a vibration source are obtained by deploying seismographs above or around the target area, and the types of the seismic wave data are identified. Here, the data types of the seismic waves may include P-waves, or S-waves, or both P-waves and S-waves. In addition, the present invention mainly aims at seismic P-waves and S-waves generated based on seismic waves, that is, any vibration (including natural earthquakes, etc.), where the S-waves include SV-waves and SH-waves, and at the same time, it also includes acoustic emission waveforms under laboratory conditions.

[0082] Pick up the first arrivals of the seismic waves and express them as the following formula:

[0083] T m =(t m，1 ,..., t m，i ,..., t m，N , t0)

[0084] where T m is the first arrival of the P-wave or S-wave picked up from M gathers, with the unit of s or ms; t m,1 is the first arrival of the P-wave or S-wave of the seismic wave data recorded at the first observation point, with the unit of s or ms; t m,i is the first arrival of the P-wave or S-wave of the seismic wave data recorded at the i-th observation point, with the unit of s or ms; t m,N is the first arrival of the P-wave or S-wave of the seismic wave data recorded at the N-th observation point, with the unit of s or ms; t0 is the origin time of the earthquake source to be inverted, with the unit of s or ms. Here, T m , t m,1 , t m,i , t m,N can be the sample point number, or the time in ms or s. It can be confirmed according to different data, as long as the units in the equations are kept consistent.

[0085] Pick up the first arrivals of the P-waves respectively, and their arrival first arrival times are expressed as the following formula:

[0086] T P =(t P，1 ,..., t P，i ,..., t P，N , t0)

[0087] Pick up the first arrivals of the S-waves, and their arrival first arrival times are expressed as the following formula:

[0088] T S =(t S，1 ,..., t s，i ,..., t S，N , t0).

[0089] ② Obtain the frequency band of the seismic wave phase

[0090] Combining the P-wave arrival and S-wave arrival, the P-wave band data of seismic waves at each observation station is obtained and expressed as the following formula:

[0091] S P，k =[S P，1，k (χ R，1 ,t1,t0),...,S P，i，k (χ R，i ,t i ,t0),...,S P，N，k (χ R，N ,t N ,t0)]

[0092] The S-wave band data is expressed as the following formula:

[0093] S S，k =[S S，1，k (χ R，1 ,t1,t0),...,S S，i，k (χ R，1 ,t i ,t0),...,S S，N，k (χ R，N ,t N ,t0)]。

[0094] ③Initial location of the vibration source

[0095] For seismic data that can obtain both P-waves and S-waves, the P-S wave time difference method is used and expressed as the following formula:

[0096]

[0097] The initial location of the seismic source is achieved through this formula.

[0098] For the waveform of the vibration source with only P-waves or S-waves, the single-wave location method is used and expressed as the following formula:

[0099]

[0100] The location of the seismic source is achieved through this formula, and the initial coordinates χ of the seismic source are obtained.

[0101] ④Calculation of dip and azimuth polarization angles

[0102] Using the three components of the original seismic wave data S P，i，k (χ R，i ,t i ,t0), the dip polarization angle θ i and the azimuth polarization angle φ i are calculated.

[0103] ⑤Synthesis of seismic wave vectors

[0104] Calculate the vibration source S(χ) and the coordinates of the observation point R based on the initial location result of the earthquake source i (χ), combined with the dip polarization angle θ i and the azimuth polarization angle φ i , perform vector synthesis on the original seismic wave data s m,i,k (x i ,t i ) to obtain the new seismic wave data S′ m，i，k (χ R，i ,t i ,t0) of the three components, such that the P-wave radial components of these three components point along the line connecting the vibration source S(χ) and the observation point R i (χ). Here, the new seismic wave data S′ m，i，k (χ R，i ,t i ,t0), is represented as S′ P，i，k (χ R，i ,t i ,t0) and S′ S，i，k (χ R，i ,t i ,t0) in terms of P-waves and S-waves respectively.

[0105] ⑥Precise location of the vibration source

[0106] Based on the dip polarization angle θ i and the azimuth polarization angle φ i of the seismic wave, the seismic wave S′ m，i，k (χ R，i ,t i ,t0), the azimuth angle, and the polarization angle are used to establish a system of equations expressed as the following formula:

[0107]

[0108]

[0109] According to different observation scenarios, the coefficients of a, b, c, d1, and d2 are respectively set to obtain the precise location of the earthquake source. At the same time, during the inversion process, multiple iterations can also be performed, returning from step ⑥ to steps ④ and ⑤, as Figure 1 shown, so as to achieve the precise location of the earthquake source.

[0110] In addition, as Figure 1 shown, the initial location or precise location of the earthquake source can also be directly achieved according to steps ①③⑥, ①③④⑥, ①②④⑥, or ①②④⑤⑥.

[0111] In the second exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a processor is provided, which is configured to execute the earthquake source location method based on seismic wave dynamics and kinematic parameters described in the above first exemplary embodiment.

[0112] In a third exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a device for source location based on seismic wave dynamics and kinematic parameters is provided, and the device includes the processor described in the second exemplary embodiment above.

[0113] In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least one of the following:

[0114] (1) The source location method based on seismic wave dynamics and kinematic parameters of the present invention uses the seismic wave signals observed and recorded by seismic equipment, and utilizes information such as seismic wave amplitude, polarity, and first arrival to achieve automatic detection and location of the vibration source, thereby providing important technical support for geological exploration resource exploration, engineering construction risk assessment, geological disaster warning, etc.;

[0115] (2) The source location method based on seismic wave dynamics and kinematic parameters of the present invention can be applied to the response of underground fracture activities caused by artificial injection and production, such as hydraulic fracturing, deep geothermal exploitation, mine exploitation, carbon dioxide geological storage, gas storage injection and production, wastewater reinjection, etc., as well as other source location caused by natural reasons, such as natural earthquakes, etc.;

[0116] (3) The source location method based on seismic wave dynamics and kinematic parameters of the present invention can also be applied to the detection and location of active source detection, noise source detection and location, geological disasters and other related vibration sources in oil and gas seismic exploration, and has broad prospects for engineering and industrial technology applications and scientific research.

[0117] Although the present invention has been described above in conjunction with exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that various modifications can be made to the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A seismic source location method based on seismic wave dynamics and kinematic parameters, characterized in that, The method includes the steps of: Obtaining the original seismic wave data of the target area, identifying the seismic wave phases according to the original seismic wave data, picking the first arrivals of the seismic wave phases, and obtaining the arrival first arrival times; Obtaining the band data of the seismic waves according to the first arrivals; performing an initial source location according to the arrival first arrival times to obtain the initial source coordinates; Calculating the dip polarization angle and the azimuth polarization angle by using three components of the original seismic waves; Performing vector synthesis on the original seismic waves according to the initial source location and the observation point coordinates, in combination with the dip polarization angle and the azimuth polarization angle, to obtain new seismic wave data, such that the P-wave radial component of these three components points along the line connecting the initial location coordinates and the observation point; Establishing a precise source location equation set according to the dip polarization angle and the azimuth polarization angle of the seismic waves, the new seismic wave data, and the first arrivals, and determining the coefficients of the equation set according to different observation scenarios, so as to perform precise source location.

2. The seismic source location method based on seismic wave dynamics and kinematic parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes the steps of: Replacing the initial source location in the foregoing steps with the obtained precise source location for iteration, so as to improve the location accuracy of the source.

3. The method for seismic source location based on seismic wave dynamics and kinematic parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that The seismic wave phases include P waves, S waves, or both P waves and S waves exist.

4. The method for seismic source location based on seismic wave dynamics and kinematic parameters according to claim 3, characterized in that, Picking the first arrival of the P wave, and its arrival first arrival time is expressed as Equation 1, T P = (t P，1 ,..., t P，i ,..., t P，N , t0) Equation 1 Among them, T P is the P-wave first arrival picked from N gather, with the unit of s or ms; t P，1 is the P-wave first arrival of the seismic wave data recorded at the first observation point, with the unit of s, ms or time sample points; t P，i is the P-wave first arrival of the seismic wave data recorded at the i-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or time sample points; t P，N is the P-wave first arrival of the seismic wave data recorded at the N-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or time sample points; t0 is the origin time of the earthquake source to be inverted, with the unit of s, ms or time sample points.

5. The method for seismic source location based on seismic wave dynamics and kinematic parameters according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that Picking the first arrival of the S wave, and its arrival first arrival time is expressed as Equation 2, T S = (t S，1 ,..., t S，i ,..., t S，N , t0) Equation 2 Among them, T S is the S-wave first arrival picked from N gather, with the unit of s, ms or time sample number; t S，1 is the S-wave first arrival of the seismic wave data recorded at the first observation point, with the unit of s, ms or time sample number; t S，i is the S-wave first arrival of the seismic wave data recorded at the i-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or time sample number; t S，N is the S-wave first arrival of the seismic wave data recorded at the N-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or time sample number; t0 is the origin time of the source to be inverted, with the unit of s, ms or time sample number.

6. The seismic source location method based on seismic wave dynamics and kinematic parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that The obtaining the band data of the seismic waves according to the first arrivals includes: Combining the P-wave first arrival, and obtaining the P-wave band data of the seismic waves of each observation station through Equation 3, S P，k = [S P，1，k (χ R，1 , t1, t0),..., S P，i，k (χ R，i , t i , t0),..., S P，N，k (χ R，N , t N , t0)] Formula 3 Among them, S p，k is the P-wave of the seismic wave recorded for the k-th component, with the unit of m, cm, mm or μm; S P，1，k (χ R，1 , t1, t0) is the waveform of the seismic P-wave of the k-th component obtained when the observation point is located at χ R，1 and the starting time of the waveband is t1, with the unit of m, cm, mm or μm; S P，i，k (χ R，i , t i , t0) is the waveform of the seismic P-wave of the k-th component obtained when the observation point is located at χ R，i and the starting time of the waveband is ti, with the unit of m, cm, mm or μm; S P，N，k (χ R，N , t N , t0) is the waveform of the seismic P-wave of the k-th component obtained when the observation point is located at χ R，N and the starting time of the waveband is t N obtained, with the unit of m, cm, mm or μm; t0 is the earthquake origin time, with the unit of s, ms or the number of time samples; Combining the S-wave first arrival, and obtaining the S-wave band data of the seismic waves of each observation station through Equation 4, S S，k = [S S，1，k (χ R，1 , t1, t0),..., S S，i，k (χ R，i , t i , t0),..., S S，N，k (χ R，N , t N , t0)] Equation 4 Among them, S S，k is the S-wave of the seismic wave recorded for the k-th component, with the unit of m, cm, mm or μm; S S，1，k (χ R，1 , t1, t0) is the waveform of the seismic S-wave of the k-th component obtained when the starting time of the χ R，1 band is t1, with the unit of m, cm, mm or μm; S S，i，k (χ R，i , t i , t0) is the waveform of the seismic S-wave of the k-th component obtained when the starting time of the χ R，i band is t i obtained, with the unit of m, cm, mm or μm; S S，N，k (χ R，N , t N , t0) is the waveform of the seismic S-wave of the k-th component obtained when the starting time of the χ R，N band is t N obtained, with the unit of m, cm, mm or μm; t0 is the earthquake origin time, with the unit of s, ms or the number of time samples.

7. The seismic source location method based on seismic wave dynamics and kinematic parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that Implementing the initial source location includes: For seismic data for which both P waves and S waves can be obtained, calculating the initial source coordinates by using Equation 5 to implement the initial source location; Among them, S(χ S ) is the time residual, with the unit of s, ms or number of sampling points; χ S is the initial coordinate of the seismic source, with the unit of m or km; t S，i，c is the calculated travel time of the S-wave from the possible seismic source to the i-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or number of sampling points; t P，i，c is the calculated travel time of the P-wave from the possible seismic source to the i-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or number of sampling points; t S，i is the actual first arrival time of the S-wave from the possible seismic source to the i-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or number of sampling points; t P，i is the actual first arrival time of the P-wave from the possible seismic source to the i-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or number of sampling points; For the vibration source waveforms with only P waves or S waves, calculating the initial source coordinates by using Equation 6 to implement the initial source location; Among them, S(χ s ) is the time residual, with the unit of s, ms or sampling points; χ S is the initial coordinate of the seismic source, with the unit of m or km; t m，i，c is the calculated arrival time of the m-wave from the possible seismic source to the i-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or sampling points; t m，i is the actual first arrival time of the m-wave from the possible seismic source to the i-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or sampling points; t m，j，c is the calculated arrival time of the m-wave from the possible seismic source to the j-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or sampling points; t m，j is the actual first arrival time of the m-wave from the possible seismic source to the j-th observation point, with the unit of s, ms or sampling points.

8. The seismic source location method based on seismic wave dynamics and kinematic parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that The precise source location equation set is as shown in Equation 7: Among them, S E (χ S ) is the inversion iteration parameter, which represents the minimum error factor of the seismic source inversion under the multi-factor collaborative mode, dimensionless; θ i，r is the observed dip angle of the actual seismic wave incident on the observation point i, in degrees or radians; θ i，c is the calculated dip angle of the seismic wave incident on the observation point i, in degrees or radians; q is an exponent, dimensionless; is the end time of the P wave at the i-th observation point, in s, ms or number of sampling points; is the end time of the S wave at the i-th observation point, in s, ms or number of sampling points; φ i，r is the observed azimuth angle of the actual seismic wave incident on the observation point i, in degrees or radians; φ i，c is the calculated azimuth angle of the seismic wave incident on the observation point i, in degrees or radians; T resi is the residual shown in Equation 5 or Equation 6, in s, ms or number of sampling points; represents the relative S-wave propagation time between the possible seismic source χ S and the observation point χ R，i , in s, ms or number of sampling points; represents the relative P-wave propagation time between the possible seismic source χ S and the observation point χ R，i , in s, ms or number of sampling points; A i and B i are seismic wave compensation factors caused by the radiation pattern of the vibrating point and the seismic wave propagation path, dimensionless; a is the weight coefficient of the dip polarization angle, dimensionless; b is the weight coefficient of the azimuth polarization angle, dimensionless; c is the weight coefficient based on the first arrival information of the seismic wave, dimensionless; d1 and d2 are the weight coefficients based on the full waveband of the seismic wave, dimensionless.

9. A processor, characterized in that, Configured to execute the source location method based on seismic wave dynamics and kinematic parameters according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. An apparatus for seismic source location based on seismic wave dynamics and kinematic parameters, characterized in that, The device includes the processor according to claim 9.

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