An optimization control method for thermal hydrogen cogeneration system considering the start-stop characteristics of multiple electrolyzers

Abstract

The present invention discloses an optimization control method for a thermal hydrogen cogeneration system taking into account the start-stop characteristics of multiple electrolyzers, and belongs to the field of control strategies involving integrated energy systems. It includes: establishing a hydrogen production and storage system including multiple electrolyzer devices, calculating the actual power of each electrolyzer under the influence of wind and light renewable energy output fluctuations, configuring the maximum rated power of the electrolyzer, and establishing a hierarchical control strategy taking into account the start-stop characteristics of multiple electrolyzers; establishing a thermal hydrogen cogeneration system, collecting the heat emitted during the hydrogen production process of the electrolyzer, calculating the heat production power according to the working state of the electrolyzer, and calculating the waste heat in combination with the lost heat, the waste heat is used as a heat source for the heat storage device in the heating and heat storage system and to supply heat load to users, so as to realize thermal hydrogen cogeneration; optimizing the heating and heat storage system according to the calculated waste heat actually generated by the electrolyzer, combined with the actual heating amount of the heating device in the heating and heat storage system and the heat load demand of the user.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of control strategies for integrated energy systems, and in particular to an optimization control method for a thermal hydrogen cogeneration system containing multiple electrolyzers and taking into account start-stop characteristics. Background Art

[0002] By comprehensively utilizing the advanced technologies of wind, light and other new energy sources for power generation, heat production, hydrogen production, heat storage and hydrogen storage, the needs of electricity, heat and hydrogen in remote areas of my country can be met. At the same time, studying the control strategy of the integrated energy system on this basis is very necessary for the efficient and economical use of renewable energy. Reasonable control strategies can ensure that the system achieves the lowest cost on the basis of meeting reliability and safety constraints, and avoid waste of renewable energy and energy supply shortage. Therefore, making full use of the advanced technologies of new energy power generation and energy storage, building a new generation of integrated energy system integrating wind turbines, photovoltaics and energy storage technologies, and realizing the operation control and coordinated supply of the thermal hydrogen cogeneration system are of great value and significance for the construction of my country's new generation of energy system.

[0003] In terms of the operation and control of the thermal hydrogen cogeneration integrated energy system, the current problems mainly include the need to analyze the operating status of multiple electrolyzers during the analysis and research process, consider the impact of the volatility of wind, light and other outputs on the operation of the electrolyzers, and calculate the wind and light abandonment rate based on the actual output of the electrolyzers; control the working status of the electrolyzer based on the wind and light output, the actual hydrogen load demand and the capacity of the hydrogen storage device; and the start and stop characteristics of the electrolyzer will affect the thermal hydrogen cogeneration model, and the actual thermal output results will change. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to realize an optimization control method for a thermal hydrogen cogeneration integrated energy system containing multiple electrolyzers and taking into account the start-stop characteristics.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an optimization control method for a thermal hydrogen cogeneration system taking into account the start-stop characteristics of multiple electrolyzers, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1, calculate the actual power of each electrolyzer under the influence of wind and solar renewable energy output fluctuations, determine the maximum rated power of the electrolyzer, and establish a hierarchical control strategy considering the start-stop characteristics of multiple electrolyzers;

[0008] Step 2, collecting the heat emitted during the hydrogen production process of the electrolyzer, calculating the heat generation power according to the working state of the electrolyzer, and calculating the waste heat in combination with the lost heat, the waste heat is used as the heat source of the heat storage device in the heating and heat storage system and to supply heat load to the user, so as to realize the cogeneration of heat and hydrogen;

[0009] Step 3, optimizing and controlling the heating storage system according to the calculated waste heat actually generated by the electrolytic cell, combined with the actual heating capacity of the heating device in the heating storage system and the user's heat load demand.

[0010] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an optimization control device for a thermal hydrogen cogeneration system taking into account the start-stop characteristics of multiple electrolyzers, comprising:

[0011] Hierarchical control strategy module, which is used to calculate the actual power of each electrolyzer under the influence of wind and solar renewable energy output fluctuations, determine the maximum rated power of the electrolyzer, and establish a hierarchical control strategy that considers the start-stop characteristics of multiple electrolyzers;

[0012] The waste heat collection module is used to collect the heat emitted during the hydrogen production process of the electrolyzer, calculate the heat generation power according to the working state of the electrolyzer, and calculate the waste heat in combination with the lost heat. The waste heat is used as the heat source of the heat storage device in the heating and heat storage system and to supply heat load to users, so as to realize the cogeneration of heat and hydrogen;

[0013] The optimization control module is used to optimize the control of the heating storage system according to the calculated waste heat actually generated by the electrolytic cell, combined with the actual heating capacity of the heating device in the heating storage system and the user's heat load demand.

[0014] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, is used to implement the above-mentioned optimization control method for a thermal hydrogen cogeneration system taking into account the start-stop characteristics of multiple electrolyzers.

[0015] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] (1) The present invention establishes a hydrogen production and storage system including multiple electrolyzer devices, comprehensively analyzes the impact of wind and solar renewable energy output on the operating status of the electrolyzer, calculates the actual power of each electrolyzer and the wind and solar abandonment rate of the hydrogen production and storage system, and determines the maximum rated power of the electrolyzer in combination with the requirements of different regions for system wind and solar abandonment indicators. On this basis, comprehensively consider the wind and solar output, user hydrogen load demand and hydrogen storage device capacity, and design a hierarchical control strategy that takes into account the start-stop characteristics of multiple electrolyzers.

[0017] (2) The present invention establishes a thermal hydrogen cogeneration system including a heating storage system and a hydrogen production and storage system, which recycles the heat emitted during the hydrogen production process of the electrolyzer, calculates the heat production power according to the working state of the electrolyzer, and calculates the waste heat in combination with the lost heat. The waste heat will be used as the heat source of the heat storage device in the heating storage system, and directly supplies heat load to users, thereby realizing the thermal hydrogen cogeneration of the system.

[0018] (3) The present invention comprehensively analyzes the waste heat actually generated by the electrolytic cell, the actual heating capacity of the heating device and the user's heat load demand, and optimizes the control of the heating and heat storage system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 The start-stop characteristic control strategy of multiple electrolytic cells shown in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 A thermal hydrogen cogeneration system including multiple electrolyzers and considering start-stop characteristics is shown in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 The invention provides an optimization control method for a heating and heat storage system according to an embodiment of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to describe the present invention more specifically, the technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0023] The present invention provides an optimization control method for a thermal hydrogen cogeneration integrated energy system including multiple electrolyzers taking into account start-stop characteristics, comprising the following steps:

[0024] (1) Taking the thermal hydrogen cogeneration system as the background, the energy characteristics of different energy forms such as heat and hydrogen are studied, and the control strategy of the thermal hydrogen cogeneration integrated energy system with multiple electrolyzers and start-stop characteristics is considered. The actual power of the electrolyzer is calculated by analyzing the impact of the output of renewable energy such as wind and light on the operation of the electrolysis device, and the system wind and light abandonment rate is calculated. The maximum rated power of the electrolyzer is determined in combination with the local requirements for wind and light abandonment indicators. A hierarchical control strategy considering the start-stop characteristics of multiple electrolyzers is established to ensure the coordinated and stable operation of the system, thereby affecting the operation results of the thermal hydrogen cogeneration.

[0025] The access to renewable energy sources such as wind and light has a certain impact on the actual output power of the electrolyzer. Specifically, the voltage and current input by wind and photovoltaic power are inherently volatile, and the working state of the electrolyzer will also fluctuate. The degree of fluctuation can be divided into three states: positive continuous, negative continuous, and random jump. If the fluctuation state is positive continuous, the actual power of the electrolyzer will be too high, and most of the excess power will be dissipated in the form of heat. On the one hand, it is used to maintain its own working temperature needs, and on the other hand, it can be collected as one of the auxiliary heat sources, but if it lasts too long, it will affect the working life of the electrolyzer; if the fluctuation state is negative continuous, the actual power of the electrolyzer is low, the hydrogen production efficiency is insufficient, and the power consumption is also low; if the fluctuation state is random jump, the output power of the electrolyzer is extremely unstable, the hydrogen production efficiency is greatly reduced, and the working life of the electrolyzer is seriously affected.

[0026] In this embodiment, multiple electrolyzers are operated in parallel in actual operation, and can be divided into normal working state, standby state and shutdown state according to the power size. Normal working state refers to the hydrogen production state in which the output electric power is maintained within the upper and lower limits, and the hydrogen production efficiency of the electrolyzer is maintained at a certain level; standby state means that the electrolyzer is in a temporarily closed state, but a certain amount of power consumption is required to maintain the necessary conditions such as the temperature required for normal operation; shutdown state means that the electrolyzer is completely in shutdown mode, and the hydrogen production and power consumption are both 0. The operating states are defined as follows:

[0027]

[0028] Where: O is 1, indicating that the electrolytic cell is in normal working state, O is 0, indicating that the electrolytic cell is in abnormal working state; S is 1, indicating that the electrolytic cell is in standby state, S is 0, indicating that the electrolytic cell is in non-standby state; DD is 1, indicating that the electrolytic cell is in shutdown state, D is 0, indicating that the electrolytic cell is in non-shutdown state;

[0029] In actual operation, the working state of the electrolyzer will change due to fluctuations in wind and solar power output, and the actual output power will also change accordingly. All electrolyzers are numbered to distinguish the different states of the electrolyzers, calculate the actual power of the electrolyzers by considering multiple factors, and realize the operation and regulation of multiple electrolyzers.

[0030] In a specific implementation of the present invention, the implementation process of step 1 is as follows:

[0031] 1.1 In the multi-electrolyzer hydrogen production system, the wind and solar output are limited according to the maximum increase / decrease that the integrated energy system can accept. The electrolyzer will work normally only when the wind and solar output are within the normal tolerance range of the integrated energy system; if the output is too large, the electrolyzer will be in a standby cooling state after a certain period of operation; if the output is too small, it will be in a shutdown state. The power of each electrolyzer at time t is as follows:

[0032]

[0033] Where P ele (t) represents the output power of the electrolytic cell at time t; P wt (t) represents the wind power generation at time t; η max represents the maximum wind power increment that the integrated energy system can accept, and η max >0;P pv (t) represents the photovoltaic power generation power at time t; λ max represents the maximum photovoltaic power increment that the integrated energy system can accept, and λ max >0.

[0034] 1.2 The rated power of the electrolyzer is an important factor in determining the level of wind and solar power abandonment in the system. If the rated power of the selected electrolyzer is too small when the wind and solar power outputs are large, the level of wind and solar power abandonment will be high. The specific output expression of the electrolyzer is as follows:

[0035]

[0036] In the formula, p real-ele (t) represents the actual power of the electrolytic cell at time t; p rate Indicates the rated power of the electrolytic cell. The specific expression is as follows:

[0037] p rate =max{p ele (1),p ele (2),…,p ele (T)} (4)

[0038] In the formula, T is the total number of points in this period, p ele (t) is the output power of the electrolyzer at each moment.

[0039] The resulting wind and solar curtailment rate is calculated as follows:

[0040]

[0041] Where δ represents the system wind and solar power abandonment rate, which is usually in the range of δ∈[0,8%].

[0042] 1.3 During the actual operation of multiple electrolyzers, it is necessary to control their status in combination with wind and solar power output, hydrogen load demand and the capacity limit of the hydrogen storage device.

[0043] Specifically, Figure 1 As shown, the control process is as follows:

[0044] 1.3.1 If the wind and solar power output is less than the minimum value of the normal tolerance range of the integrated energy system, the wind and solar power output cannot reach the starting power of the electrolyzer, the electrolyzer is in a shutdown state, and the electrolyzer does not work;

[0045] 1.3.2 If the wind and solar power output is sufficient and the user's hydrogen load demand is lower than or equal to the preset value, some electrolyzers are controlled to be in normal working state according to the user's hydrogen load demand to meet the hydrogen load requirements, and then the remaining electrolyzers are controlled to work normally until the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device reaches the capacity limit, and then the remaining electrolyzers except those used to meet the hydrogen load requirements are controlled to be in shutdown state;

[0046] 1.3.3 If the wind and solar power output is sufficient and the user's hydrogen load demand is higher than the preset value, all electrolyzers will be controlled in layers. The layered control method is as follows:

[0047] All electrolytic cells are divided into three layers, A, B, and C. Each layer is provided with different starting powers and the same standby power. The standby power is equal to the maximum power limit of the electrolytic cell. The maximum power limit of the electrolytic cell is 110% to 130% of the rated power of the electrolytic cell. The starting power increases in turn in the three layers, A, B, and C.

[0048] The wind and solar power output first acts on the electrolyzers in layer A. When the electrolyzers in layer A reach the rated working state, the excess wind and solar power output is transferred to layer B. The starting power of the electrolyzers in layer B increases, and the starting time of the electrolyzers is longer than that of the electrolyzers in layer A. When the electrolyzers in layer B reach the rated working state, the excess wind and solar power output will be transferred to layer C. The starting power of the electrolyzers in layer C is the largest, and the starting time of the electrolyzers is longer than that of the electrolyzers in layer B. When the electrolyzers in layer C reach the rated working state, all electrolyzers reach the rated working state.

[0049] If there is still surplus wind and solar power output after all electrolyzers have reached the rated working state, according to the working characteristics of the electrolyzer, its power can exceed the rated power for a short time. That is, when each layer of electrolyzer reaches the standby power, due to the different working times, the system will control the electrolyzers on each layer in the order of A, B, and C to be in the standby cooling state; when the electrolyzer is converted from the standby cooling state to the normal working state, a certain amount of electricity is required to restart the electrolyzer, and this cycle continues.

[0050] (2) Establish a thermal hydrogen cogeneration system including a heating storage system and a hydrogen production and storage system to collect the heat emitted during the hydrogen production process of the electrolyzer. Calculate the heat production power according to the working state of the electrolyzer, and calculate the waste heat in combination with the lost heat. The waste heat is used as the heat source of the heat storage device in the heating storage system and to supply heat load to users, thereby realizing thermal hydrogen cogeneration;

[0051] In this embodiment, the structure of the thermal hydrogen cogeneration system is as follows: Figure 2 As shown in the figure, after the wind and solar power output is converted by AC / DC, part of the wind and solar power output is used for the user's electrical load, part of the wind and solar power output is converted into electrical energy by the converter and stored in the power storage device, and part of the wind and solar power output is distributed to multiple electrolyzers for hydrogen production. Through the control strategy of the start-stop characteristics of the multiple electrolyzers, the prepared hydrogen is used for the user's hydrogen load, and the heat generated in the hydrogen production process is provided to the heat storage device through the heat exchanger, or used for the user's thermal load. Another part of the wind and solar power output is used for heat pump / electric boiler heat production, and the heat is stored in the thermal storage device, or used for the user's thermal load.

[0052] Through the above-mentioned thermal hydrogen cogeneration model, the heat emitted during the hydrogen production process of the electrolyzer is collected. On the one hand, it provides the necessary temperature for the normal operation of the electrolyzer and directly supplies the heat load to the user; on the other hand, it serves as a heat source for the heat storage device in the hydrogen production and storage system, thereby realizing thermal hydrogen cogeneration.

[0053] In order to regulate the thermal hydrogen cogeneration process, it is necessary to calculate the thermal hydrogen cogeneration heat output under the influence of the start-stop characteristics of multiple electrolyzers according to the regulation of the operating status of each electrolyzer in (1). First, the output thermal power expression of each electrolyzer at time t is established as:

[0054]

[0055] Where: represents the heat generation power of the ith electrolytic cell at time t, μ h It indicates the heat generation efficiency when the input power is the rated power of the electrolytic cell, P E represents the input power, Indicates the starting power required in standby mode, μ′ h It indicates the heat generation efficiency when the input power is the non-rated power of the electrolyzer, ω pe represents the penalty coefficient of electrolytic cell heat generation, v i (t) indicates that if the electrolytic cell is switched from the standby cooling state to the normal working state at time t, it is set to 1, and in other cases it is set to 0. i (t), S i (t) represents the working state of the electrolytic cell. i (t) is 1, S i (t) is 0, it means that the electrolytic cell is in normal working condition; if O i (t) is 0, S i (t) is 1, which means the electrolytic cell is in standby state.

[0056] In this way, the final heat generation power of the multi-electrolyzer can be obtained as follows:

[0057]

[0058] Where: Q ele (t) represents the total heat generation power of multiple electrolytic cells at time t, and n represents the number of electrolytic cells.

[0059] (3) The heating and heat storage system is optimized and controlled according to the total heat production of multiple electrolytic cells, the heating and heat storage capacity in the heating and heat storage system, and the user's heat load demand.

[0060] like Figure 3As shown, the calculated heat generated by the electrolytic cell is used first for the user's heat load and the heat storage device in the heating and heat storage system, and the heating and heat storage system is optimized and controlled according to the size of the heat load gap. If the heat load gap is higher than the threshold, the rated power of the heating device in the heating and heat storage system is increased, or multiple heating devices are added until the heat load demand is met; if the heat load gap is less than or equal to the threshold, the operating state of the heating device in the heating and heat storage system is controlled, and the heat overflow is controlled by shutting down some heating devices, thereby reducing the power consumption of the system.

[0061] In this embodiment, a thermal hydrogen cogeneration system optimization control device considering the start-stop characteristics of multiple electrolyzers is also provided, which is used to implement the above embodiment. The terms "module", "unit", etc. used below can implement a combination of software and / or hardware for predetermined functions. Although the system described in the following embodiments is preferably implemented in software, it is also possible to implement hardware, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0062] This embodiment provides an optimization control device for a thermal hydrogen cogeneration system taking into account the start-stop characteristics of multiple electrolyzers, including:

[0063] Hierarchical control strategy module, which is used to calculate the actual power of each electrolyzer under the influence of wind and solar renewable energy output fluctuations, determine the maximum rated power of the electrolyzer, and establish a hierarchical control strategy that considers the start-stop characteristics of multiple electrolyzers;

[0064] The waste heat collection module is used to collect the heat emitted during the hydrogen production process of the electrolyzer, calculate the heat generation power according to the working state of the electrolyzer, and calculate the waste heat in combination with the lost heat. The waste heat is used as the heat source of the heat storage device in the heating and heat storage system and to supply heat load to users, so as to realize the cogeneration of heat and hydrogen;

[0065] The optimization control module is used to optimize the control of the heating storage system according to the calculated waste heat actually generated by the electrolytic cell, combined with the actual heating capacity of the heating device in the heating storage system and the user's heat load demand.

[0066] For the device embodiment, since it basically corresponds to the method embodiment, the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiment, and the implementation methods of the remaining modules are not repeated here. The device embodiment described above is only illustrative, wherein the modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. A person of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without paying creative labor.

[0067] The device embodiments of the present invention can be applied to any device with data processing capabilities, and the device with data processing capabilities can be a device or apparatus such as a computer. The device embodiments can be implemented by software, or by hardware or a combination of software and hardware. Taking software implementation as an example, as a device in a logical sense, the processor of any device with data processing capabilities reads the corresponding computer program instructions in the non-volatile memory into the memory and runs them.

[0068] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium having a program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, is used to implement the above-mentioned optimization control method for the thermal hydrogen cogeneration system taking into account the start-stop characteristics of multiple electrolyzers.

[0069] The computer-readable storage medium may be an internal storage unit of any device with data processing capability described in any of the aforementioned embodiments, such as a hard disk or a memory. The computer-readable storage medium may also be an external storage device of any device with data processing capability, such as a plug-in hard disk, a smart media card (SMC), an SD card, a flash card, etc., equipped on the device.

[0070] The above examples are only specific embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and many variations are possible. All variations that can be directly derived or associated with the contents disclosed by a person skilled in the art should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An optimization control method for a thermal hydrogen cogeneration system considering the start-stop characteristics of multiple electrolyzers, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, calculate the actual power of each electrolyzer under the influence of wind and solar renewable energy output fluctuations, determine the maximum rated power of the electrolyzer, and establish a hierarchical control strategy considering the start-stop characteristics of multiple electrolyzers; The step 1 comprises: 1.1) The wind and solar power output is limited according to the maximum increase / decrease that the integrated energy system can accept. When the wind and solar power output is within the normal tolerance range of the integrated energy system, the electrolyzer is in normal working condition; if the wind and solar power output is too large, the electrolyzer is in standby cooling state after a certain period of operation; if the wind and solar power output is too small, the electrolyzer is in shutdown state; The theoretical output power of each electrolyzer at time t is as follows: Where P ele (t) represents the theoretical output power of the electrolytic cell at time t; P wt (t) represents the wind power generation at time t; η max represents the maximum wind power increment that the integrated energy system can accept, and η max >0;P pv (t) represents the photovoltaic power generation power at time t; λ max represents the maximum photovoltaic power increment that the integrated energy system can accept, and λ max >0; 1.2) Combine the theoretical output power of the electrolyzer and the rated power of the electrolyzer to calculate the actual power of the electrolyzer. The calculation formula is: In the formula, p real-ele (t) represents the actual power of the electrolytic cell at time t, p rate Indicates the rated power of the electrolyzer; 1.3) Determine the maximum rated power of the electrolyzer in combination with local requirements for wind and solar power abandonment indicators; The calculation formula for the abandoned wind and solar power index is: In the formula, δ represents the wind and solar power abandonment rate of the hydrogen production and storage system, and T represents the time period; The wind and solar power abandonment rate of the hydrogen production and storage system meets a certain functional relationship with the rated power of the electrolyzer, and within a certain range, the wind and solar power abandonment rate will decrease with the increase of the rated power of the electrolyzer. The maximum rated power of the electrolyzer is configured according to the local requirements for wind and solar power abandonment indicators; 1.4) Establish a hierarchical control strategy that takes into account the start-stop characteristics of multiple electrolyzers, including: If the wind and solar power output is less than the minimum value of the normal tolerance range of the integrated energy system, the wind and solar power output cannot reach the starting power of the electrolyzer, the electrolyzer is in a shutdown state, and the electrolyzer does not work; If the wind and solar power output is sufficient and the user's hydrogen load demand is lower than or equal to the preset value, some electrolyzers are controlled to be in normal working state according to the user's hydrogen load demand to meet the hydrogen load requirement, and then the remaining electrolyzers are controlled to work normally until the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device reaches the capacity limit, and then the remaining electrolyzers except those used to meet the hydrogen load requirement are controlled to be in shutdown state; If the wind and solar power output is sufficient and the user's hydrogen load demand is higher than the preset value, all electrolyzers are controlled in layers; the layered control method is: All electrolytic cells are divided into three layers, A, B, and C. Each layer is provided with different starting powers and the same standby power. The standby power is equal to the maximum power limit of the electrolytic cell. The maximum power limit of the electrolytic cell is 110% to 130% of the rated power of the electrolytic cell. The starting power increases in turn in the three layers, A, B, and C. The wind and solar power output first acts on the electrolyzers in layer A. When the electrolyzers in layer A reach the rated working state, the excess wind and solar power output is transferred to layer B. The starting power of the electrolyzers in layer B increases, and the starting time of the electrolyzers is longer than that of the electrolyzers in layer A. When the electrolyzers in layer B reach the rated working state, the excess wind and solar power output will be transferred to layer C. The starting power of the electrolyzers in layer C is the largest, and the starting time of the electrolyzers is longer than that of the electrolyzers in layer B. When the electrolyzers in layer C reach the rated working state, all electrolyzers reach the rated working state. If there is still surplus wind and solar power after all electrolyzers have reached the rated working state, according to the working characteristics of the electrolyzer, its power can exceed the rated power for a short time, that is, when the electrolyzers on each layer reach the standby power, due to the different working time, the system will control the electrolyzers on each layer in the order of A, B, and C to be in the standby cooling state; when the electrolyzer is converted from the standby cooling state to the normal working state, a certain amount of electricity needs to be consumed to restart the electrolyzer, and this cycle continues; Step 2, collecting the heat emitted during the hydrogen production process of the electrolyzer, calculating the heat generation power according to the working state of the electrolyzer, and calculating the waste heat in combination with the lost heat, the waste heat is used as the heat source of the heat storage device in the heating and heat storage system and to supply heat load to the user, so as to realize the cogeneration of heat and hydrogen; In step 2, the heat generation power calculation formula of the electrolytic cell is: In the formula, represents the heat generation power of the ith electrolytic cell at time t, μ k It indicates the heat generation efficiency when the input power is the rated power of the electrolytic cell, P E is the input power of the electrolyzer, Indicates the starting power required when the electrolytic cell is in standby state, μ ′ h It indicates the heat generation efficiency when the input power is the non-rated power of the electrolyzer, ω pe represents the penalty coefficient of electrolytic cell heat generation; v i (t) indicates that if the electrolytic cell is switched from the standby cooling state to the normal working state at time t, it is set to 1, and in other cases it is set to 0; Q ele (t) represents the total heat generation power of multiple electrolytic cells at time t, n represents the number of electrolytic cells, O i (t), S i (t) represents the working state of the electrolytic cell. i (t) is 1, S i (t) is 0, which means that the electrolytic cell is in normal working condition; If O i (t) is 0, S i (t) is 1, indicating that the electrolyzer is in standby mode; Step 3, optimizing and controlling the heating storage system according to the calculated waste heat actually generated by the electrolytic cell, combined with the actual heating capacity of the heating device in the heating storage system and the user's heat load demand; The step 3 comprises: The calculated heat production of the electrolytic cell is used preferentially for the user's heat load and the heat storage device in the heating storage system, and the heating storage system is optimized and controlled according to the size of the heat load gap; if the heat load gap is higher than the threshold, the rated power of the heating device in the heating storage system is increased, or more heating devices are added until the heat load demand is met; if the heat load gap is less than or equal to the threshold, the operating state of the heating device in the heating storage system is controlled, and heat overflow is controlled by shutting down some heating devices, thereby reducing system power consumption.

2. The optimization control method for a thermal hydrogen cogeneration system considering the start-stop characteristics of multiple electrolyzers according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rated power of the electrolyzer is expressed as: p rate =max{p ele (1),p ele (2),…,p ele (T)} In the formula, p ele (T) represents the theoretical output power of the electrolytic cell at time T, T is the time period length, p rate Indicates the rated power of the electrolytic cell.

3. A device for implementing the optimization control method of the thermal hydrogen cogeneration system considering the start-stop characteristics of multiple electrolyzers as described in claim 1, characterized in that: include: Hierarchical control strategy module, which is used to calculate the actual power of each electrolyzer under the influence of wind and solar renewable energy output fluctuations, determine the maximum rated power of the electrolyzer, and establish a hierarchical control strategy that considers the start-stop characteristics of multiple electrolyzers; The waste heat collection module is used to collect the heat emitted during the hydrogen production process of the electrolyzer, calculate the heat generation power according to the working state of the electrolyzer, and calculate the waste heat in combination with the lost heat. The waste heat is used as the heat source of the heat storage device in the heating and heat storage system and to supply heat load to users, so as to realize the cogeneration of heat and hydrogen; The optimization control module is used to optimize the control of the heating storage system according to the calculated waste heat actually generated by the electrolytic cell, combined with the actual heating capacity of the heating device in the heating storage system and the user's heat load demand.

4. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: A program is stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, is used to implement the optimization control method for a thermal hydrogen cogeneration system taking into account the start-stop characteristics of multiple electrolyzers as described in any one of claims 1-2.

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