A leveling-free observation prism for hydraulic engineering monitoring and its observation method

Abstract

This invention discloses a hydraulic engineering monitoring prism that does not require leveling. A forced centering plate (7) is installed on the observation base (8). The observation prism (9) includes a prism mounting bracket (11), which is fixed to the forced centering plate (7) via a vertically arranged quick-connecting rod (5). This invention also discloses the observation method of this prism. Using the above technical solution greatly improves the efficiency of measuring the surface deformation of reservoir dams, reduces the generation of random errors, and is both time-saving and efficient; at the same time, it ensures the accuracy and reliability of monitoring data, and has good application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of operation and maintenance of pumped storage power stations. More specifically, this invention relates to a level-free observation prism for hydraulic engineering monitoring. This invention also relates to an observation method using this prism. Background Technology

[0002] Dam deformation is a comprehensive reflection of the dam body and foundation condition, and an important indicator of whether the dam structure is operating normally, reliably, and safely. Therefore, dam deformation monitoring has always been listed as a major dam observation item.

[0003] For example, the lower reservoir of the Xiangshuijian pumped storage power station in Anhui Province is located in a lake depression east of Fushan Mountain and is enclosed by a homogeneous earthen embankment. The embankment foundation rests on a layer of silty clay (Q3), and the embankment body is constructed of silty clay (Q3). The embankment is approximately 3784m long, 7.50m wide at the top, and has a maximum height of 25.77m. The normal water level is 14.60m, with a corresponding reservoir capacity of 14.35 million cubic meters. 3 The dead water level is 1.95m, and the corresponding reservoir capacity is 1.53 million cubic meters. 3 .

[0004] To monitor the deformation of the reservoir embankment, a vertical and horizontal displacement measuring point was installed approximately every 200 meters along the embankment axis on the downstream side of the embankment crest, for a total of 21 such measuring points. In accordance with the "Safety Technical Specifications for Earth-Rock Dams," surface deformation monitoring was conducted once every two months to once per month during the operational period.

[0005] The method for measuring horizontal displacement in a reservoir involves setting up a total station at the working benchmark and installing a prism assembly on the forced centering plate at the monitoring point. The prism assembly consists of a prism lens, a connecting rod, and a base with a level bubble. Observations are conducted using polar coordinates or intersection methods. Currently, surface level monitoring commonly employs the construction of observation piers, on which a forced centering plate is pre-embedded.

[0006] During monitoring, an observation prism is installed on the centering plate, and a total station is used to observe the edges and corners. After adjustment, the horizontal displacement of each monitoring point is obtained. The basic structure of the observation prism consists of a prism head, a connecting bracket, and a base connected in sequence. The base contains a level bubble and leveling screws. After the observation prism is installed on the forced centering plate, the base is adjusted to be level using the three leveling screws, and the height from the centering plate surface to the center of the prism is measured with a steel ruler.

[0007] During use, the following drawbacks were found in using the prism connection method with a base for observation:

[0008] 1. Since each measurement requires the installation, leveling, and height measurement of the prism, it is time-consuming and affects work efficiency. In addition, the different adjustments of the leveling screws each time will result in different prism heights.

[0009] 2. The leveling accuracy and height measurement accuracy of the prism are easily affected by the operator's skill level, technical ability, and sense of responsibility, which can lead to an increase in random errors.

[0010] 3. Prisms with leveling device bases are prone to developing air bubbles and damage to the leveling screws during daily use;

[0011] 4. The level bubble of the prism base needs to be calibrated regularly.

[0012] In order to reduce random errors and extend the service life of prisms, it is necessary to improve the existing methods of prism connection, installation and use. Summary of the Invention

[0013] This invention provides a hydraulic engineering monitoring prism that does not require leveling, with the aim of improving observation efficiency and eliminating centering errors and mirror height measurement errors.

[0014] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0015] This invention relates to a hydraulic engineering monitoring prism that requires no leveling and is applied to vertical and horizontal displacement monitoring points in reservoirs. The vertical and horizontal displacement monitoring points are equipped with an observation base. A forced centering plate is installed on the observation base. The observation prism includes a prism mounting bracket, which is fixed to the forced centering plate by a vertically arranged quick-connecting rod.

[0016] The upper part of the quick-connecting rod is provided with a connecting support; the lower part of the prism mounting bracket is provided with a prism fixing hole, and the connecting support and the prism fixing hole form a sliding fit.

[0017] The quick-connecting rod is provided with a fastening stud at its lowest end, and the forced centering plate is provided with a connecting threaded hole; the fastening stud is screwed into the connecting threaded hole to form a tight fit.

[0018] The lower part of the quick-connecting rod is provided with a hexagonal bolt, and the axis of the hexagonal bolt coincides with the axis of the connecting support.

[0019] An annular connecting groove is provided near the upper end of the connecting support column, and an elastic steel ball is provided at the corresponding position on the lower part of the prism mounting bracket; when the observation prism is installed in place, the elastic steel ball is engaged with the connecting groove.

[0020] The lower part of the prism mounting bracket is provided with a prism locking mechanism to lock the connecting support.

[0021] The forced centering plate is pre-embedded in the observation base, and the forced centering plate is fastened to the observation base by multiple pre-embedded fastening bolts.

[0022] The reservoir is the lower reservoir of a pumped storage power station; the vertical and horizontal displacement monitoring points are set on the reservoir embankment of the lower reservoir.

[0023] Along the centerline of the top surface of the reservoir embankment, a vertical and horizontal displacement measuring point is set every 195m to 205m.

[0024] To achieve the same inventive objective as the aforementioned technical solution, this invention also provides an observation method for the hydraulic engineering monitoring prism without leveling, the technical solution of which is as follows:

[0025] Before the observation is to be carried out, the observation base is constructed; the forced centering plate is pre-embedded in the observation base; and the forced centering plate is fastened by the pre-embedded fastening bolts.

[0026] When observing vertical and horizontal displacement, screw the fastening stud at the lower end of the quick-connecting rod into the threaded hole of the forced centering plate and tighten it with hex bolts.

[0027] Fit the prism fixing hole of the prism mounting bracket onto the connecting support of the quick-connecting rod until the elastic steel ball is inserted into the connecting slot;

[0028] The prism mounting bracket is securely connected to the quick-connect rod via a prism locking mechanism.

[0029] Adjust the pitch angle of the observation prism; rotate the prism head to align with the observation instrument and conduct the observation;

[0030] During the first measurement, each vertical and horizontal displacement monitoring point was observed using a prism with a leveling bubble and the aforementioned observation prism. After adjustment calculations, the systematic error between the two was obtained and used to correct for subsequent measurements.

[0031] After the measurement is completed, loosen the prism locking mechanism and remove the observation prism; leave the quick-connect rod fixed in the forced centering plate;

[0032] In subsequent measurements, the prism mounting bracket was directly connected to the quick-connect rod.

[0033] The monitoring frequency is from once every two months to once every month.

[0034] The present invention adopts the above-mentioned technical solution, which greatly improves the efficiency of surface deformation measurement of reservoir dams, reduces the generation of random errors, and saves time and is highly efficient; at the same time, it ensures the accuracy and reliability of monitoring data and has good application value. Attached Figure Description

[0035] The following is a brief explanation of the contents shown in the attached figure and the markings therein:

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall connection structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the quick-connect rod structure of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A top view of the structure shown;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic top column tightening in this invention;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fastening stud being screwed into the connecting threaded hole in this invention;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the prism locking mechanism in this invention.

[0042] The diagram is marked as follows:

[0043] 1. Connecting slot, 2. Connecting support column, 3. Hex bolt, 4. Fastening connecting stud, 5. Quick connecting rod, 6. Prism fixing hole, 7. Forced centering plate, 8. Observation base, 9. Observation prism, 10. Connecting threaded hole, 11. Prism mounting bracket, 12. Prism locking mechanism, 13. Reservoir embankment, 14. Elastic top column. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so as to help those skilled in the art to have a more complete, accurate and in-depth understanding of the inventive concept and technical solution of the present invention.

[0045] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 The structure of the present invention shown is a leveling-free observation prism for hydraulic engineering monitoring, applied to the vertical and horizontal displacement monitoring point of a reservoir, wherein the vertical and horizontal displacement monitoring point is provided with an observation base 8.

[0046] To address the problems and shortcomings of existing technologies, and to achieve the invention's objective of improving observation efficiency and eliminating centering errors and mirror height measurement errors, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows:

[0047] like Figures 1 to 2As shown, the hydraulic engineering monitoring level-free observation prism of the present invention has a forced centering plate 7 set on the observation base 8; the observation prism 9 includes a prism mounting bracket 11, which is fixed to the forced centering plate 7 by a vertically set quick connecting rod 5.

[0048] To address the various inconsistencies in prism installation, leveling, height measurement, and maintenance in existing technologies, this invention provides the aforementioned quick-connect structure for the observation prism 9. This quick-connect structure not only significantly improves work efficiency but also enhances observation accuracy.

[0049] Each measurement only requires carrying a few observation prisms 9, which can be directly installed, making it convenient and quick, improving observation efficiency, and eliminating centering errors and prism height measurement errors. Furthermore, it provides excellent protection, effectively preventing damage to the prisms. This device greatly improves the efficiency of dam surface deformation measurement, reduces the occurrence of random errors, saves time and is highly efficient, while ensuring the accuracy of monitoring data, and has good potential for widespread application.

[0050] The quick-connecting rod 5 is provided with a connecting support 2 at its upper part; the prism mounting bracket 11 is provided with a prism fixing hole 6 at its lower part, and the connecting support 2 and the prism fixing hole 6 form a sliding fit.

[0051] To prevent rust from affecting usability, the center plate 7 and quick-connect rod 5 are both made of copper alloy.

[0052] The quick connecting rod 5 is provided with a fastening connecting stud 4 at its lowest end, and the forced centering plate 7 is provided with a connecting threaded hole 10; the fastening connecting stud 4 is screwed into the connecting threaded hole 10 to form a tight fit.

[0053] The thread specification of the fastening stud 4 is M14-1.

[0054] The specifications of the connecting stud 4 match the internal thread of the connecting threaded hole 10 of the forced centering plate 7 used on site, which enables the entire quick connecting rod 5 to maintain center alignment and tight connection after thread connection.

[0055] The lower part of the quick-connecting rod 5 is fitted with a hexagonal bolt 3, and the axis of the hexagonal bolt 3 coincides with the axis of the connecting support column 2.

[0056] The hex bolt 3 can be easily tightened by hand or with a wrench when the quick-connect rod 5 is installed on the forced centering plate 7.

[0057] An annular connecting groove 1 is provided near the upper end of the connecting support 2, and an elastic steel ball 11 is provided at the corresponding position on the lower part of the prism mounting bracket 11; when the observation prism 9 is installed in place, the elastic steel ball 11 is engaged with the connecting groove 1.

[0058] The connecting slot 1 can quickly lock the fixed hole of the observation prism 9 and remove the observation prism 9 after observation is stopped. It not only serves as a connection but also as a limit, thus ensuring that the overall height remains consistent after each installation of the observation prism 9.

[0059] The connecting slot 1, connecting support 2, hexagonal bolt 3, and connecting screw 4 are an integral and concentric structure.

[0060] The lower part of the prism mounting bracket 11 is provided with a prism locking mechanism 12 for locking the connecting support column 2.

[0061] Once the installation is confirmed to be in place, the prism locking mechanism 12 can be tightened to ensure that the observation prism 9 will not loosen. The fixing of the connecting stud 4 and the quick-connect rod 5 greatly eliminates errors in base and support eccentricity.

[0062] The forced centering plate 7 is pre-embedded in the observation base 8, and the forced centering plate 7 is fastened to the observation base 8 by multiple pre-embedded fastening bolts.

[0063] The reservoir is the lower reservoir of a pumped storage power station; the vertical and horizontal displacement monitoring points are set on the reservoir embankment 13 of the lower reservoir.

[0064] Along the center line of the top surface of the reservoir embankment 13, a vertical and horizontal displacement measuring point is set every 195m to 205m.

[0065] Generally, it is sufficient to set a vertical and horizontal displacement measuring point every 200m along the center line of the top surface of the reservoir embankment 13.

[0066] To achieve the same inventive objective as the aforementioned technical solution, this invention also provides an observation method for the hydraulic engineering monitoring prism without leveling, the technical solution of which is as follows:

[0067] Before the observation is to be carried out, the construction of the observation base 8 is carried out; the forced centering plate 7 is pre-embedded in the observation base 8; and the forced centering plate 7 is fastened by the pre-embedded fastening bolts.

[0068] When observing vertical and horizontal displacement, screw the fastening stud 4 at the lower end of the quick connecting rod 5 into the connecting threaded hole 10 of the forced centering plate 7, and fasten it with hexagonal bolts 3.

[0069] Fit the prism fixing hole 6 of the prism mounting bracket 11 onto the connecting support 2 of the quick connecting rod 5 until the elastic steel ball 11 is inserted into the connecting slot 1;

[0070] The prism mounting bracket 11 is fastened to the quick connecting rod 5 by the prism locking mechanism 12;

[0071] Adjust the pitch angle of observation prism 9; rotate the prism head of observation prism 9 to align with the observation instrument and conduct the observation;

[0072] During the first measurement, each vertical and horizontal displacement monitoring point was observed using a prism with a leveling bubble and the observation prism 9. After adjustment calculations, the systematic error between the two was obtained and used to correct for subsequent measurements.

[0073] After the measurement is completed, loosen the prism locking mechanism 12 and remove the observation prism 9; keep the quick connecting rod 5 fixed in the forced centering plate 7;

[0074] In subsequent measurements, the direct prism mounting bracket 11 is connected to the quick-connect rod 5.

[0075] That is, the centering screw and prism adapter can be permanently installed on the forced centering plate 7 at the monitoring point.

[0076] Installation process: First, connect the connecting screw 4 to the forced centering plate 7 and tighten it slightly with the hex bolt 3; insert the lower end of the observation prism into the connecting support 3 and ensure that it is locked in the connecting slot 1, then rotate the prism to align with the observation instrument.

[0077] During each observation, the quick-connect head 5 of the observation prism 9, due to the lack of leveling, may result in an error where the center of the observation prism 9 is not aligned with the center of the forced centering plate 7. However, for long-term monitoring of fixed points, this error is a systematic error and does not affect the analysis of the regularity of the observation data. Furthermore, since no leveling operation is performed, the prism height is consistent, eliminating the need for measurement and adjustment each time. During the first measurement, observations were conducted at each monitoring point using both a prism with a leveling bubble and the prism connected by this method. After adjustment calculations, the systematic error between the two was determined and used to correct for subsequent measurements.

[0078] The monitoring frequency is from once every two months to once every month.

[0079] The present invention has been described above by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the specific implementation of the present invention is not limited to the above-described manner. Any non-substantial improvements made using the inventive concept and technical solution of the present invention, or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical solution of the present invention to other occasions without modification, are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A leveling-free observation prism for hydraulic engineering monitoring, applied to vertical and horizontal displacement monitoring points in reservoirs, wherein the vertical and horizontal displacement monitoring points are equipped with observation bases (8), characterized in that: A forced centering plate (7) is set on the observation base (8); the observation prism (9) includes a prism mounting bracket (11), which is fixed on the forced centering plate (7) by a vertically set quick connecting rod (5); during the first measurement, each vertical and horizontal displacement monitoring point and the observation prism (9) are observed respectively, and the systematic error between the two is obtained after adjustment calculation.

2. The hydraulic engineering monitoring level-free observation prism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quick connecting rod (5) is provided with a connecting support (2) at its upper part; the prism mounting bracket (11) is provided with a prism fixing hole (6) at its lower part, and the connecting support (2) and the prism fixing hole (6) form a sliding fit.

3. The hydraulic engineering monitoring level-free observation prism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quick connecting rod (5) is provided with a fastening connecting stud (4) at its lowest end, and the forced centering plate (7) is provided with a connecting threaded hole (10); the fastening connecting stud (4) is screwed into the connecting threaded hole (10) to form a tight fit.

4. The hydraulic engineering monitoring level-free observation prism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lower part of the quick connecting rod (5) is provided with a hexagonal bolt (3), and the axis of the hexagonal bolt (3) coincides with the axis of the connecting support (2).

5. The hydraulic engineering monitoring level-free observation prism according to claim 2, characterized in that: An annular connecting slot (1) is provided near the upper end of the connecting support (2), and an elastic top post (14) is provided at the corresponding position of the lower part of the prism mounting bracket (11); when the observation prism (9) is installed in place, the elastic top post (14) is inserted into the connecting slot (1).

6. The hydraulic engineering monitoring level-free observation prism according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lower part of the prism mounting bracket (11) is provided with a prism locking mechanism (12) for locking the connecting support column (2).

7. The hydraulic engineering monitoring level-free observation prism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The forced centering plate (7) is pre-embedded in the observation base (8), and the forced centering plate (7) is fastened to the observation base (8) by multiple pre-embedded fastening bolts.

8. The hydraulic engineering monitoring level-free observation prism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reservoir is the lower reservoir of the pumped storage power station; the vertical and horizontal displacement monitoring points are set on the reservoir embankment (13) of the lower reservoir.

9. The hydraulic engineering monitoring level-free observation prism according to claim 8, characterized in that: Along the center line of the top surface of the reservoir embankment (13), a vertical and horizontal displacement monitoring point is set every 195m to 205m.

10. The observation method for the hydraulic engineering monitoring level-free observation prism according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: Before the observation is to be carried out, the construction of the observation base (8) is carried out; the forced centering plate (7) is pre-embedded in the observation base (8); the forced centering plate (7) is fastened by the pre-embedded fastening bolts; When observing vertical and horizontal displacement, screw the fastening stud (4) at the lower end of the quick connecting rod (5) into the connecting threaded hole (10) of the forced centering plate (7) and fasten it with a hexagonal bolt (3); Fit the prism fixing hole (6) of the prism mounting bracket (11) onto the connecting support (2) of the quick connecting rod (5) until the elastic steel ball is inserted into the connecting slot (1); The prism mounting bracket (11) is fastened to the quick connecting rod (5) by means of the prism locking mechanism (12); Adjust the pitch angle of the observation prism (9); rotate the prism head of the observation prism (9) to align with the observation instrument and conduct the observation; During the first measurement, each vertical and horizontal displacement monitoring point was observed using a prism with a leveling bubble and the observation prism (9), and the adjustment was calculated separately. The systematic error between the two was used to correct the error in subsequent measurements. After the measurement is completed, loosen the prism locking mechanism (12) and disassemble the observation prism (9); keep the quick connecting rod (5) fixed in the forced centering plate (7); In subsequent measurements, the direct prism mounting bracket (11) is connected to the quick-connect rod (5); the monitoring frequency is from once every two months to once every month.

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