A pneumatic clamp capable of interchangeably clamping externally and supporting internally

Abstract

The present invention relates to a pneumatic clamp capable of realizing the interchangeability between external clamping and internal support, comprising a mounting seat, a base, a pneumatic part, a replacement clamping part, and a workpiece clamping part. The base is fixed on the mounting seat to form a base having an internal cavity. The upper end of the base is provided with a conical opening communicating with the internal cavity. The pneumatic part and the replacement clamping part are respectively provided in the internal cavity, and the replacement clamping part can move up and down under the action of the pneumatic part. The workpiece clamping part comprises an external clamping device and an internal support clamping device. The external clamping device and the internal support clamping device can be replaceably installed at the conical opening at the upper end of the base and clamped and connected with the replacement clamping part. The present invention has a simple structure, can quickly realize the interchangeability between external clamping and internal support clamping of the workpiece, is easy to operate, has strong versatility, and effectively solves the problem of frequent replacement of clamps when processing small batches of parts with a wide variety of types.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical processing, and in particular relates to a pneumatic clamp capable of realizing the interchange of external clamping and internal supporting. Background Art

[0002] During the machining process, fixtures are an indispensable prerequisite for machine tools to achieve stable machining. Existing fixtures include traditional mechanical chucks, pneumatic or hydraulic fixtures, etc. Among them, pneumatic or hydraulic fixtures can achieve high positioning accuracy through pneumatic or hydraulic control, and obtain a certain clamping force according to the requirements of different workpieces. They have the advantages of adjustable clamping force and high degree of automation. However, existing pneumatic or hydraulic fixtures are often customized according to different blank types or sizes. Different types or sizes of workpieces often require different customized fixtures. For example, some workpieces require external clamps for clamping and fixing, while some workpieces require internal support clamps for clamping and fixing. When processing a wide variety of workpieces in small batches, different supporting fixtures need to be customized and frequently replaced, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, has low production efficiency, and increases processing costs and reduces fixture utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a clamp with a simple structure that can quickly realize the interchange of external clamping and internal support clamping of the workpiece. It is easy to operate and has strong versatility, and effectively solves the problem of frequent replacement of clamps when processing small batches and a wide variety of parts.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a pneumatic clamp that can realize the interchange of external clamping and internal support, including a mounting seat, a base, a pneumatic part, a replacement clamping part and a workpiece clamping part, the base is fixed on the mounting seat to form a base with an internal cavity; the upper end of the base is provided with a conical opening communicating with the internal cavity; the pneumatic part and the replacement clamping part are respectively arranged in the internal cavity, and the replacement clamping part can move up and down under the action of the pneumatic part; the workpiece clamping part includes an external clamping device and an internal support clamping device, the external clamping device and the internal support clamping device can be replaced with each other and installed at the conical opening at the upper end of the base, and are clamped and connected with the replacement clamping part.

[0005] The above-mentioned pneumatic clamp that can realize the interchange of external clamping and internal support, is also provided with a positioning plate in the internal cavity of the base, and the positioning plate is fixedly installed inside the base; the pneumatic part includes a pneumatic piston, which is arranged below the positioning plate; the replacement clamping part includes a clamping ring, which is arranged above the positioning plate; the lower end of the clamping ring is evenly distributed along the circumference with a number of guide rods extending downward, and corresponding to the guide rods, a number of guide holes are provided on the positioning plate, and the guide rods pass through the guide holes one by one, and are respectively connected to the pneumatic piston by screws; the clamping ring can move up and down driven by the pneumatic piston; the upper end of the clamping ring is provided with an inner annular clamping groove.

[0006] The above-mentioned pneumatic clamp that can realize the interchangeability of external clamping and internal support, the external clamping clamping device includes a rubber clamping sleeve, the outer part of the rubber clamping sleeve is a conical structure, and a workpiece mounting hole is provided inside, and its outer conical surface can cooperate with the conical opening at the upper end of the base; the lower end of the rubber clamping sleeve is provided with an outer annular groove, which can cooperate with and clamp the inner annular groove of the clamping ring.

[0007] The above-mentioned pneumatic clamp that can realize the interchange of external clamping and internal support, the outer conical surface of the rubber clamping sleeve and the conical opening at the upper end of the base are mutually matched polygonal prism structures; the rubber clamping sleeve includes a plurality of metal blocks evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the metal blocks are bonded by rubber blocks.

[0008] The above-mentioned pneumatic clamp capable of realizing the interchangeability between external clamping and internal support, the external clamping device further comprises a positioning column, which is arranged in the workpiece mounting hole of the rubber clamping sleeve and supported by the positioning plate.

[0009] The above-mentioned pneumatic clamp that can realize the interchangeability of external clamping and internal support, the internal support clamping device includes an internal support seat body, a pulling claw, a clamping ring, an internal support expansion sleeve and a limiting protection sleeve, the internal support seat body can be fixedly connected to the base body; the upper and lower ends of the internal support seat body are respectively provided with an upper cone and a lower cavity, the internal support expansion sleeve and the clamping ring are clamped and connected, and are together mounted on the upper cone; the limiting protection sleeve is surrounded by the clamping ring and fixed on the internal support seat body; the pulling claw is provided in the lower cavity of the internal support seat body, and the upper end of the pulling claw is evenly distributed with a number of upward extending guide connecting rods along the circumference, and corresponding to the guide connecting rods, a number of connecting guide holes are provided on the internal support seat body, and the guide connecting rods pass through the connecting guide holes one by one and are respectively connected to the clamping rings; the lower end of the pulling claw can be rotatably clamped with the clamping ring.

[0010] The above-mentioned pneumatic clamp that can realize the interchangeability between external clamping and internal support, the upper groove edge of the inner annular groove of the clamping ring is provided with multiple notch grooves; corresponding to the notch grooves, multiple radial claws are provided at the lower end of the pulling claw; the radial claws enter the inner annular groove through the notch grooves, and the claws can be clamped into the inner annular groove by rotating the inner support clamping device.

[0011] The above-mentioned pneumatic clamp that can realize the interchange of external clamping and internal support, the pneumatic part also includes a cylinder head, the cylinder head is fixedly installed inside the base, and forms a closed piston chamber between the positioning plate and the base; the pneumatic piston is arranged in the piston chamber, dividing the piston chamber into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, the upper chamber is connected to the clamping air path, and the lower chamber is connected to the loosening air path, the clamping air path and the loosening air path are distributed on the base and the cylinder head, and the air inlets of the clamping air path and the loosening air path are arranged on the base.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to operate. When in use, the base including the pneumatic part and the replacement clamping part is installed on the workbench. The external clamping workpiece processing and the internal support workpiece processing can be interchanged only by replacing the rubber clamping sleeve and the internal support clamping device. No further correction is required after the interchange. The fixture replacement time is reduced, the processing efficiency and fixture utilization rate are improved, and the fixture cost is saved. For parts with many types and small batches, the fixture replacement is convenient, saving time and effort. In addition, the rubber clamping sleeve for external clamping is made of metal blocks and rubber blocks evenly distributed on the circumference, which can make the workpiece clamped stably and the clamping force uniform. The conical matching of the rubber clamping sleeve and the base adopts a polygonal prism structure, which can not only increase the clamping force, but also avoid the rubber clamping sleeve from rotating during use without the need to set a rotation-stop structure, and the positioning and clamping accuracy is higher. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the state of the externally clamped workpiece of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the state of the internally supported workpiece of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the substrate provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clamping ring provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the external structure of the rubber clamping sleeve provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the pulling claw structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0020] In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediary. Furthermore, a first feature being "at the upper end" of a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "at the lower end" of a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0021] Combine Figures 1 to 3As shown, the present invention is a pneumatic clamp that can realize the interchange of external clamping and internal support, which is composed of universal components and replaceable components. The universal components include a mounting seat 1, a base 2, a positioning plate 3, a cylinder head 4, a pneumatic piston 5 and a clamping ring 8; the replaceable components include a rubber clamping sleeve 11, a positioning column 12, an internal support seat body 21, an internal support expansion sleeve 22, a pulling claw 23, a clamping ring 24 and a limiting protective sleeve 25, wherein the clamping sleeve 11 and the positioning column 12 constitute an external clamping device, and the internal support seat body 21, the internal support expansion sleeve 22, the pulling claw 23, the clamping ring 24 and the limiting protective sleeve 25 constitute an internal support clamping device.

[0022] The mounting base 1 is connected to the machine tool worktable. The base 2 is fixed to the mounting base 1, forming a base with an internal cavity. The upper end of the base 2 is provided with a tapered opening 20 that communicates with the internal cavity. The tapered opening 20 has a polygonal prism structure. A positioning plate 3 and a cylinder head 4 are arranged vertically and fixed to the interior of the base 2. A closed piston chamber is formed between the positioning plate 3, the cylinder head 4, and the base 2. A pneumatic piston 5 is disposed within the piston chamber, dividing the piston chamber into an upper chamber and a lower chamber. The upper chamber is connected to a clamping air circuit 6, while the lower chamber is connected to a release air circuit 7. The pneumatic piston 5 can move up and down under the action of the clamping air circuit 6 and the release air circuit 7. The clamping air circuit 6 and the release air circuit 7 are distributed within the base 2 and the cylinder head 4. The air inlets of the clamping air circuit 6 and the release air circuit 7 are provided on the base 2 and can be connected to the machine tool air circuit respectively.

[0023] Combine Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the clamping ring 8 is positioned above the positioning plate 3. The lower end of the clamping ring 8 is uniformly distributed along the circumference, with downwardly extending guide rods 81. Corresponding to the guide rods 81, the positioning plate 3 is provided with guide holes. The guide rods 81 pass through the guide holes one by one and are connected to the pneumatic piston 5 via screws. The clamping ring 8 can move up and down driven by the pneumatic piston 5. The upper end of the clamping ring 8 is provided with an inner annular groove 82, and the upper groove edge of the inner annular groove 82 is uniformly distributed with notched grooves 83.

[0024] Combine Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the upper portion of the rubber clamping sleeve 11 is a polygonal prism structure that is pressed against the tapered opening 20. The lower portion is provided with an outer annular retaining groove 113 that engages and secures the inner annular retaining groove 82 of the clamping ring 8. The rubber clamping sleeve 11 is composed of three metal blocks 111 spaced evenly along the circumference, bonded together by rubber blocks 112. A workpiece mounting hole is provided in the center of the rubber clamping sleeve 11. During use, the workpiece is placed in this hole. To support and position the workpiece, a positioning post 12 is also provided in this hole, supported by the positioning plate 3.

[0025] Combine Figure 2 and Figure 6As shown, the inner support seat body 21 can be connected to the base body 2, and the upper and lower ends of the inner support seat body 21 are respectively provided with an upper cone and a lower cavity. The inner support expansion sleeve 22 and the clamping ring 24 are clamped and connected, and are together mounted on the upper cone. The outside is protected by a limiting protective sleeve 25, and the limiting protective sleeve 25 is fixed on the inner support seat body 21. The pull claw 23 is disposed within the lower cavity. Guide connecting rods 231 extending upward are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the upper end of the pull claw 23. Corresponding to the guide connecting rods 231, connecting guide holes are provided on the inner support seat 21. The guide connecting rods 231 pass through the connecting guide holes one by one and are respectively connected to the clamping ring 24. Radial claws 232 are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the lower end of the pull claw 23. The radial claws 232 correspond one-to-one with the notches 83 on the inner annular clamping groove 82. The radial claws 232 pass through the notches 83 to enter the inner annular clamping groove 82. The radial claws 232 can be engaged with the inner annular clamping groove 82 by rotating the inner support clamping device, thereby achieving installation of the rotating inner support clamping device.

[0026] When an external clamp is required to clamp the workpiece, the external clamping device is installed in the base 2, and the rubber clamping sleeve 11 and the clamping ring 8 are clamped together. The workpiece 9 is then placed in the workpiece mounting hole so that its lower portion is aligned with the positioning column 12 for positioning. Air is then ventilated into the clamping air path 6, and the pneumatic piston 5 drives the clamping ring 8 downward under the action of air pressure, pulling the rubber clamping sleeve 11 downward to squeeze the base 2. The inner diameter of the rubber clamping sleeve 11 is reduced, and the clamping force can be evenly applied to the outer surface of the workpiece 9, thereby clamping the workpiece 9. Due to the uniform clamping force, deformation of thin-walled workpieces can be effectively reduced. In addition, since the mating surface between the rubber clamping sleeve 11 and the tapered opening 20 is a polygonal prism structure, the rubber clamping sleeve 11 can be effectively prevented from rotating in the base 2, thereby ensuring the stability of the processing. After the workpiece 9 is processed, air is ventilated into the loosening air path 7. The pneumatic piston 5 drives the clamping ring 8 to move upward under the action of air pressure, and pushes the rubber clamping sleeve 11 upward. The inner diameter of the rubber clamping sleeve 11 increases, and the workpiece 9 is loosened, and the workpiece can be removed.

[0027] When it is necessary to clamp the workpiece with internal support, the rubber clamping sleeve 11 is removed from the clamping ring by auxiliary tools, and the positioning column 12 is removed; then the internal support clamping device is moved as a whole to the top of the base 2, and the radial claws 232 are aligned with the positions of the notched grooves 83 one by one, and the internal support clamping device is moved downward as a whole, so that the radial claws 232 pass through the notched grooves 83 and enter the inner annular groove 82, and then the internal support clamping device is rotated so that the radial claws 232 are clamped into the inner annular groove 82, completing the installation of the rotating internal support clamping device, and realizing rapid replacement from external clamping to internal support.

[0028] The workpiece 10 is placed on the inner support sleeve 22, and air is supplied to the clamping air path 6. The pneumatic piston 5, under the action of air pressure, drives the clamping ring 8 downward, and in turn pulls the claws 23 and the clamping ring 24 downward synchronously. The clamping ring 24 pulls the inner support sleeve 22 to squeeze the upper cone of the inner support seat 21, and the outer diameter of the inner support sleeve 22 radially expands, thereby tightening the workpiece 10. After the workpiece 10 is processed, air is supplied to the release air path 7. The pneumatic piston 5, under the action of air pressure, drives the clamping ring 8 upward, and in turn pushes the claws 23 and the clamping ring 24 upward synchronously. The clamping ring 24 pushes the inner support sleeve 22 upward along the upper cone, and the outer diameter of the inner support sleeve 22 radially contracts, thereby loosening the workpiece 10, and the workpiece can be removed.

[0029] Although the present invention is described in detail above, it is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications based on the principles of the present invention. Therefore, any modifications made based on the principles of the present invention should be understood to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pneumatic clamp capable of interchangeably clamping externally and supporting internally, characterized in that: The invention comprises a mounting seat, a base, a pneumatic part, a changing clamping part and a workpiece clamping part. The base is fixed on the mounting seat to form a base with an internal cavity. The upper end of the base is provided with a tapered opening communicating with the internal cavity. A positioning disk is provided in the internal cavity and is fixedly installed inside the base. The pneumatic part and the changing and clamping part are respectively arranged in the internal cavity. The changing and clamping part can move up and down under the action of the pneumatic part. The pneumatic part includes a pneumatic piston, which is arranged below the positioning plate. The changing and clamping part includes a clamping ring, which is arranged above the positioning plate. The lower end of the clamping ring is uniformly distributed along the circumference with a plurality of guide rods extending downward. Corresponding to the guide rods, a plurality of guide holes are provided on the positioning plate. The guide rods pass through the guide holes one by one and are respectively connected to the pneumatic piston by screws. The clamping ring can move up and down under the drive of the pneumatic piston. The upper end of the clamping ring is provided with an inner annular clamping groove. The workpiece clamping part comprises an outer clamping device and an inner support clamping device. The outer clamping device and the inner support clamping device can be installed interchangeably at the tapered opening at the upper end of the base body and are clamped and connected with the replacement clamping part.

2. A pneumatic clamp capable of interchangeably clamping outer and inner supports according to claim 1, characterized in that: The external clamping device includes a rubber clamping sleeve, the outer portion of the rubber clamping sleeve is a conical structure, and a workpiece mounting hole is provided inside. The outer conical surface of the rubber clamping sleeve can cooperate with the conical opening at the upper end of the base; the lower end of the rubber clamping sleeve is provided with an outer annular groove, which can cooperate with and clamp the inner annular groove of the clamping ring.

3. A pneumatic clamp capable of interchangeably clamping outer and inner supports according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer conical surface of the rubber clamping sleeve and the conical opening at the upper end of the base are mutually matched polygonal prism structures; the rubber clamping sleeve comprises a plurality of metal blocks evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the metal blocks are bonded by rubber blocks.

4. A pneumatic clamp capable of interchangeably clamping outer and inner supports according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer clamping device further comprises a positioning column, which is arranged in the workpiece mounting hole of the rubber clamping sleeve and supported by the positioning plate.

5. The pneumatic clamp capable of interchangeably clamping the outer clamp and supporting the inner clamp according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner support clamping device includes an inner support seat body, a pulling claw, a clamping ring, an inner support expansion sleeve and a limiting protection sleeve, and the inner support seat body can be fixedly connected to the base body; the upper and lower ends of the inner support seat body are respectively provided with an upper cone and a lower cavity, the inner support expansion sleeve and the clamping ring are clamped and connected, and are together mounted on the upper cone; the limiting protection sleeve is surrounded by the clamping ring and fixed on the inner support seat body; the pulling claw is provided in the lower cavity of the inner support seat body, and the upper end of the pulling claw is evenly distributed with a number of upward extending guide connecting rods along the circumference, and a number of connecting guide holes are provided on the inner support seat body corresponding to the guide connecting rods, and the guide connecting rods pass through the connecting guide holes one by one and are respectively connected to the clamping rings; the lower end of the pulling claw can be rotatably clamped with the clamping ring.

6. A pneumatic clamp capable of interchangeably clamping outer and inner supports according to claim 5, characterized in that: A plurality of notched grooves are provided on the upper groove edge of the inner annular groove of the clamping ring; corresponding to the notched grooves, a plurality of radial claws are provided at the lower end of the pulling claw; the radial claws enter the inner annular groove through the notched grooves, and the claws can be clamped into the inner annular groove by rotating the inner support clamping device.

7. A pneumatic clamp capable of interchangeably clamping outer parts and supporting inner parts according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The pneumatic part also includes a cylinder head, which is fixedly installed inside the base and forms a closed piston chamber between the cylinder head, the positioning plate and the base; the pneumatic piston is arranged in the piston chamber, dividing the piston chamber into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, the upper chamber is connected to the clamping air path, and the lower chamber is connected to the loosening air path, the clamping air path and the loosening air path are distributed on the base and the cylinder head, and the air inlets of the clamping air path and the loosening air path are arranged on the base.

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