Glass structure, preparation method and application in high-speed vehicles

Abstract

A glass structure includes physically tempered glass, a polymer layer, and chemically tempered glass, wherein the polymer layer is disposed between the physically tempered glass and the chemically tempered glass. The total thickness of the glass structure is 3.0–6.0 mm; the physically tempered glass is soda-lime-silica glass with a thickness of 2.0–4.0 mm; the polymer layer has a thickness of 0.3–1.4 mm; and the chemically tempered glass is alkali-aluminosilicate glass with a thickness of 1.0–1.5 mm. The compressive stress layer (DOL) formed on the surface of the chemically tempered glass is ≥35.0 μm; the compressive stress of the chemically tempered glass is ≥650 MPa. The composition of the chemically tempered glass, by mass percentage, includes: Al₂O₃ ≥8%, SiO₂ ≥55%, R₂O ≤18%, and R'O ≤8%; wherein R is one or more of Li, Na, and K, and R' is one or more of Mg and Zn. Even with a relatively thin overall glass structure, the strength of the glass structure can meet the requirements for use in high-speed transportation vehicles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of glass structure technology, and in particular to a glass structure, a method for its preparation, and its application in high-speed vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] Glass, due to its high transmittance, high strength, and good weather resistance, has been widely used in construction, transportation, and other fields. Currently, glass structures used in transportation vehicles consist of double or multiple layers of soda-lime glass and polymer layers. Soda-lime glass has high density but low strength, resulting in relatively heavy double or staggered laminated soda-lime glass structures. With increasing demands for energy efficiency in transportation, lightweighting is one of the important development goals for future high-speed vehicles. Lightweighting of glass structures can be achieved by reducing their thickness or increasing their strength. While reducing thickness can significantly reduce the weight of glass structures, thinner glass structures may struggle to meet mechanical strength requirements such as deflection and impact resistance. Therefore, there is a need to develop a glass structure that combines strength and lightweight design. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on this, the purpose of this application includes providing a glass structure comprising chemically tempered glass, physically tempered glass, and a polymer layer formed between the chemically tempered glass and the physically tempered glass.

[0004] In addition, this application also provides a method for preparing a glass structure and its application in high-speed vehicles.

[0005] A first aspect of this application provides a glass structure comprising physically tempered glass, a polymer layer, and chemically tempered glass, wherein the polymer layer is disposed between the physically tempered glass and the chemically tempered glass, wherein: the total thickness of the glass structure is 3.0–6.0 mm; the physically tempered glass is soda-lime-silica glass with a thickness of 2.0–4.0 mm; the polymer layer has a thickness of 0.3–1.4 mm; and the chemically tempered glass is alkali-aluminosilicate glass with a thickness of 1.0–1.5 mm; the compressive stress layer (DOL) formed on the surface of the chemically tempered glass is ≥35.0 μm; and the compressive stress of the chemically tempered glass is ≥650 MPa.

[0006] The chemically tempered glass comprises, by mass percentage:

[0007] Al2O3 ≥ 8%,

[0008] SiO2 ≥ 55%,

[0009] R2O≤18% and

[0010] R'O≤8%,

[0011] Wherein, R is one or more of Li, Na, and K, and R' is one or more of Mg and Zn.

[0012] In some embodiments, the glass structure includes physically tempered glass, a polymer layer, and chemically tempered glass, wherein: the total thickness of the glass structure is 4.0–6.0 mm; the physically tempered glass is soda-lime-silica glass with a thickness of 2.5–4.0 mm; the polymer layer has a thickness of 0.7–1.4 mm; and the chemically tempered glass is alkali-aluminosilicate glass with a thickness of 1.1–1.3 mm; the compressive stress layer (DOL) formed on the surface of the chemically tempered glass is ≥40.0 μm; and the compressive stress of the chemically tempered glass is ≥700 MPa.

[0013] In some embodiments, the chemically tempered glass comprises, by weight percentage:

[0014] Al2O3 ≥ 12%

[0015] SiO2 ≥ 58%,

[0016] R2O≤17% and

[0017] R'O≤6%,

[0018] Wherein, R is one or more of Li, Na, and K, and R' is one or more of Mg and Zn.

[0019] In some embodiments, the glass structure satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0020] (1) The flexural strength of the glass structure is ≥650N;

[0021] (2) The glass structure has a penetration resistance height ≥ 4.0m;

[0022] (3) The compressive stress on the surface of the physical tempered glass is ≥90MPa.

[0023] In some embodiments, the transmittance of the glass structure is ≥76%.

[0024] A second aspect of this application provides a method for preparing the glass structure described in the first aspect, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0025] Sodium-calcium glass is rolled into shape and then subjected to physical tempering treatment to obtain the physically tempered glass;

[0026] After being rolled into shape, alkali aluminosilicate glass is chemically tempered to form the compressive stress layer (DOL) on the surface of the chemically tempered glass, thus obtaining the chemically tempered glass.

[0027] The physically tempered glass, the polymer layer, and the chemically tempered glass are stacked together to form a laminated structure, wherein the polymer layer has either the physically tempered glass or the chemically tempered glass on either side.

[0028] The glass layers are pre-pressed and pressed together to form the glass structure.

[0029] In some embodiments, the method for preparing the glass structure satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0030] The compressive stress layer formed on the surface of the chemically tempered glass is ≥35.0 μm;

[0031] The compressive stress of the chemically tempered glass is ≥650MPa.

[0032] In some embodiments, the method for preparing the glass structure satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0033] (1) The temperature of the chemical tempering is ≥380℃;

[0034] (2) The chemical tempering time is ≥180 min.

[0035] A third aspect of this application provides a window component, comprising a glass structure prepared by the method described in the first aspect or the method described in the second aspect.

[0036] A fourth aspect of this application provides a high-speed vehicle including a window component as described in the third aspect.

[0037] In the glass structure, a polymer layer is sandwiched between physically tempered glass and chemically tempered glass. The chemically tempered glass is located on the outer side of the high-speed vehicle. The compressive stress layer (DOL) formed on the surface of the chemically tempered glass is ≥35.0μm, and the compressive stress (CS) of the chemically tempered glass is ≥650MPa. With the overall glass structure being relatively thin, the mechanical strength of the glass structure can meet the needs of high-speed vehicles. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application and to more completely understand this application and its beneficial effects, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this application. Those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative effort. It should also be noted that the drawings are all drawn in a simplified form and are only used to conveniently and clearly assist in illustrating the present invention. The various dimensions of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily shown; they may be precise or not drawn to scale. For example, to make the illustration clearer, the dimensions of some components are appropriately exaggerated in the drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the components in the drawings are not drawn to scale. The present invention does not limit every dimension of every component.

[0039] In the following description, the same reference numerals indicate the same parts.

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a glass structure according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Reference numerals: 110 is the chemically tempered glass layer, 120 is the polymer layer, and 130 is the physically tempered glass layer. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more complete description will be provided below. However, this application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of this application.

[0043] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0044] the term

[0045] Unless otherwise stated or in case of contradiction, the terms or phrases used herein shall have the following meanings:

[0046] In this document, terms such as "preferred," "better," "more suitable," and "ideal" are merely descriptions of more effective implementation methods or embodiments, and should be understood not to limit the scope of protection of this application. If multiple "preferred" terms appear in a technical solution, unless otherwise specified and there are no contradictions or mutual constraints, each "preferred" term shall be independent.

[0047] In this application, terms such as "further," "even further," and "particularly" are used to describe purposes and indicate differences in content, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application.

[0048] In this application, the technical features described in an open-ended manner include both closed technical solutions composed of the listed features and open technical solutions composed of the listed features.

[0049] In this application, when numerical intervals (i.e., numerical ranges) are mentioned, unless otherwise specified, the distribution of selectable numerical values ​​within the numerical interval is considered continuous, and includes the two endpoints of the numerical interval (i.e., the minimum and maximum values), as well as every numerical value between these two endpoints. Unless otherwise specified, when a numerical interval refers only to integers within that numerical interval, it includes the two endpoint integers of the numerical range, as well as every integer between the two endpoints, which is equivalent to directly listing every integer. When multiple numerical ranges are provided to describe features or characteristics, these numerical ranges can be merged. In other words, unless otherwise specified, the numerical ranges disclosed herein should be understood to include any and all subranges included therein. The "numerical value" in the numerical interval can be any quantitative value, such as a number, percentage, ratio, etc. The term "numerical interval" can be broadly included to include percentage intervals, ratio intervals, proportion intervals, etc.

[0050] Unless otherwise specified, the temperature parameters in this application are permitted to be either constant-temperature treatment or variations within a certain temperature range. It should be understood that the constant-temperature treatment allows temperature fluctuations within the precision range of the instrument control, such as ±5℃, ±4℃, ±3℃, ±2℃, or ±1℃.

[0051] Soda-lime-silica glass (SLS glass), also known as soda-lime glass, is mainly composed of SiO2 (about 72%), Na2O (about 15%) and CaO (about 9%), and belongs to the category of silicate glass.

[0052] Alkali aluminosilicate glass (ABS) is primarily composed of SiO2, Al2O3, alkali metal oxides, and alkaline earth metal oxides. The polymer layer can be polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ionomer cemented carboxylic acid (SGP), or graphene-based optical fiber film (SXSGP). PVB exhibits high transparency, cold resistance, impact resistance, and UV radiation resistance. SGP possesses high strength and shear modulus, exhibiting excellent mechanical properties. SXSGP is a functional polymer material with high transparency, high adhesive strength, and a long aging cycle resistance.

[0053] Chemically tempered glass generally refers to aluminosilicate glass (the original glass sheet) that has undergone chemical tempering (or ion exchange) treatment, resulting in glass with smaller ionic radii (e.g., Na+). + Li + ) and ions with larger ionic radii in chemically tempered molten salts (e.g., K+) + Li + The ions exchange with each other, forming a compressive stress layer (or ion exchange layer) on the glass surface. This results in significant compressive stress on the glass surface, giving it good mechanical properties and explosion-proof performance. Chemical tempering is the core step in the preparation of chemically tempered glass. In this application, chemical tempering specifically refers to the process of altering the composition and density of the glass surface through ion exchange, thereby forming a compressive stress layer on the glass surface.

[0054] In this application, the compressive stress layer formed on the surface of chemically tempered glass specifically refers to the ion exchange layer of a certain depth formed after the glass sheet undergoes a chemical tempering process, where smaller ions in the glass surface layer exchange with larger ions in the chemically tempered molten salt. This layer is called the compressive stress layer (DOL).

[0055] In this application, the compressive stress of chemically tempered glass specifically refers to the compressive stress (CS) that occurs when smaller ions in the glass surface layer replace larger ions in the chemically tempered molten salt after the glass sheet has undergone a chemical tempering process.

[0056] In this application, compressive stress in physically tempered glass specifically refers to the process of heating the glass sheet to near its softening point, then using cooling air to remove heat from the glass surface, causing the glass surface to rapidly transform from a liquefied state to a solidified state, thereby creating compressive stress on the glass surface.

[0057] Traditional glass structures typically employ double or multiple layers of soda-lime glass, which generally suffers from high mass and low strength. Glass structures used in high-speed transportation applications face increasingly stringent requirements for lightweighting. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the mechanical properties of the glass structure, including impact resistance and bending strength, while reducing its weight.

[0058] The challenges to mechanical performance mainly stem from continuous pressure such as wind pressure and air pressure differences, as well as accidental pressure such as impacts and accidental drops. Within a certain range, the mechanical properties and reliability of glass structures are positively correlated with their thickness. Within a certain range, as the thickness of the glass structure increases, its impact resistance also increases. However, when the thickness of the glass structure increases, especially when the size of the glass structure exceeds 1 meter, the impact resistance decreases. 2This presents significant challenges to the application of glass structures. A 5m... 2 For every 1mm increase in the thickness of a glass structure, the overall weight increases by 12.5kg, resulting in higher energy consumption in transportation vehicles. Furthermore, when the glass structure is thinner, its mechanical properties, such as impact resistance and flexural strength, decrease in reliability; this decrease becomes more pronounced as the size of the glass structure increases. Moreover, lighter glass structures are more attractive from both a cost perspective and for special applications such as lightweighting for high-speed vehicles.

[0059] Therefore, there is a need to develop a glass structure that meets the requirements of mechanical performance, application, and cost of glass structures.

[0060] Through extensive research, this application has discovered a glass structure that can effectively overcome the aforementioned problems.

[0061] A first aspect of this application provides a glass structure comprising physically tempered glass, a polymer layer, and chemically tempered glass, wherein the polymer layer is located between the physically tempered glass and the chemically tempered glass, wherein: the total thickness of the glass structure is 3.0–6.0 mm, the physically tempered glass is 2.0–4.0 mm of soda-lime silicate glass, the polymer layer is 0.3–1.4 mm thick, the chemically tempered glass is 1.0–1.5 mm of alkali aluminosilicate glass, the compressive stress layer (DOL) formed on the surface of the chemically tempered glass is ≥35.0 μm, and the compressive stress of the chemically tempered glass is ≥650 MPa;

[0062] The chemically tempered glass comprises, by mass percentage:

[0063] Al2O3 ≥ 8%,

[0064] SiO2 ≥ 55%,

[0065] R2O≤18% and

[0066] R'O≤8%,

[0067] Wherein, R is one or more of Li, Na, and K, and R' is one or more of Mg and Zn.

[0068] When the compressive stress layer (DOL) formed on the surface of chemically tempered glass is ≥35.0 μm, its mechanical strength is beneficial for assembling into a stronger and lighter glass structure. Furthermore, in engineering practice, chemically tempered glass with a thickness of 1.0–1.5 mm and the glass structures constructed from it exhibit reliable performance, and the overall process is simple and economical. Glass structures with a total thickness of 3.0–6.0 mm can meet the mechanical and lightweight requirements of some applications, such as high-speed transportation vehicles.

[0069] In some embodiments, the total thickness of the glass structure is 3.0 to 6.0 mm, and more specifically, it can be 4.0 to 6.0 mm.

[0070] The glass structure with a total thickness of 3.0 to 6.0 mm can also meet the mechanical and lightweight requirements of some applications, such as high-speed vehicles.

[0071] When the total thickness of the glass structure is controlled within a suitable range, it is beneficial to obtain a glass structure with strong bending resistance, impact resistance, and penetration resistance. When the total thickness of the glass structure is less than this suitable range, the mechanical strength of the glass structure, such as its impact resistance or penetration resistance, may not meet the standards. When subjected to impacts or frequent vibrations, the glass structure is still easily damaged and cannot provide safety protection. When the total thickness of the glass structure is greater than this suitable range, the total weight of the glass structure is too large, which may prevent the application of the glass structure in transportation vehicles from meeting the requirements for lightweighting and transmittance.

[0072] In some embodiments, the total thickness of the glass structure may be selected from any one or any two of the following ranges: 3.0 mm, 3.1 mm, 3.2.0 mm, 3.3 mm, 3.4 mm, 3.5 mm, 3.6.0 mm, 3.7 mm, 3.8 mm, 3.9 mm, 4.0 mm, 4.1 mm, 4.2.0 mm, 4.3 mm, 4.4 mm, 4.5 mm, 4.6.0 mm, 4.7 mm, 4.8 mm, 4.9 mm, 5 mm, 5.1 mm, 5.2.0 mm, 5.3 mm, 5.4 mm, 5.5 mm, 5.6.0 mm, 5.7 mm, 5.8 mm, 5.9 mm, or 6.0 mm.

[0073] In some embodiments, the thickness of the physically tempered glass can be 2.0 to 4.0 mm, and can also be selected from any one or any two of the following ranges: 2.0 mm, 2.1 mm, 2.2.0 mm, 2.3 mm, 2.4 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.6.0 mm, 2.7 mm, 2.8 mm, 2.9 mm, 3.0 mm, 3.1 mm, 3.2 mm, 3.3 mm, 3.4 mm, 3.5 mm, 3.6.0 mm, 3.7 mm, 3.8 mm, 3.9 mm, or 4.0 mm.

[0074] When the thickness of physically tempered glass is controlled within a suitable range, it helps to meet the requirements of lightweight, high strength, and high transmittance in glass structures. If the thickness of physically tempered glass is less than this suitable range, it may result in lower strength of the glass structure, such as insufficient impact resistance or penetration resistance; if the thickness of physically tempered glass is greater than this suitable range, it may result in excessively low transmittance and excessive weight of the glass structure.

[0075] In some embodiments, the polymer layer is polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and the thickness of the polymer layer can be 0.4–1.3 mm, 0.5–1.2 mm, 0.6–1.1 mm, 0.7–1.0 mm, or 0.8–0.9 mm. It can also be selected from any one or any two of the following ranges: 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, or 1.3 mm.

[0076] In some embodiments, the thickness of the chemically tempered glass is 1.0 to 1.5 mm, and may also be selected from any one or any two of the following ranges: 1.0 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm or 1.5 mm.

[0077] When the thickness of chemically tempered glass is controlled within a suitable range, it helps to meet the requirements of lightweight, high strength, high transmittance, and low cost in glass structures. If the thickness of chemically tempered glass is less than this suitable range, it may result in lower strength of the glass structure, such as substandard impact resistance or penetration resistance; if the thickness of chemically tempered glass is greater than this suitable range, it may result in a heavier glass structure and excessively high cost.

[0078] Alkali aluminosilicate glass is one of the mainstream systems of chemically tempered glass. Alumina is an important component of alkali aluminosilicate glass and is crucial for the formation of the glass network structure. Under the synergistic effect of alkali metals, aluminum ions tend to form a [AlO4]aluminum-oxygen tetrahedral structure with an Al-O bond length of 0.176 nm and a [AlO4] structural unit volume of 41 cm³. 3 / mol, while the Si-O bond length is 0.16 nm, and the volume of the [SiO4] structural unit is 27.2 cm³. 3 [AlO4] has a volume ratio of approximately 50% to [SiO4] per mol. When [AlO4] is incorporated into the glass structure, it increases the porosity of the glass network. Some studies suggest that this provides exchange channels for ion exchange during the chemical tempering process, thereby accelerating ion exchange and effectively improving the impact resistance of the glass.

[0079] Through extensive experimentation and exploration, the applicant discovered that when the alumina content in the alkali aluminosilicate glass is ≥8% by mass, the ion exchange efficiency of the alkali aluminosilicate glass is higher during the chemical tempering process.

[0080] In some embodiments, the alumina content in the alkali aluminosilicate glass is ≥8% by mass percentage, further ≥12%, and may also be ≥9%, ≥10%, ≥11%, ≥12%, ≥13%, ≥14%, ≥15%, ≥16%, ≥17%, ≥18%, ≥19%, ≥20%, ≥21%, ≥22%, or ≥23%.

[0081] In some embodiments, the alumina content in the alkali aluminosilicate glass is ≤30% by mass percentage.

[0082] In some embodiments, the alumina content in the alkali aluminosilicate glass is 12 to 26% by mass percentage.

[0083] When the mass percentage of alumina in alkali aluminosilicate glass is higher than the appropriate range, the viscosity of the glass raw material after melting may be high, which can easily generate more bubbles or residual impurities, resulting in more defects in the prepared glass sheets and making it impossible to form large-size glass required for the glass structure.

[0084] In some embodiments, the alumina in the alkali aluminosilicate glass is 8% to 30% by mass percentage, more specifically 12% to 26%, or a range of one or two of the following mass percentages: 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, and 25%.

[0085] Silica forms the network framework structure of alkali aluminosilicate glass, where it forms [SiO4] tetrahedra, belonging to the glass network forging system. The applicant has found that controlling the mass percentage of silica in alkali aluminosilicate glass within a suitable range is beneficial for improving the glass's mechanical strength, durability in harsh environments, and chemical stability.

[0086] In some embodiments, the silicon oxide content in the alkali aluminosilicate glass is ≤75% by mass percentage.

[0087] When the mass percentage of silicon oxide in alkali aluminosilicate glass exceeds this suitable range, the glass melting temperature may be too high, resulting in poor chemical tempering properties. When the mass percentage of silicon oxide in alkali aluminosilicate glass is below this suitable range, the glass may have poor chemical stability and insufficient intrinsic strength.

[0088] In some embodiments, the silicon oxide in the alkali aluminosilicate glass is ≥55% by mass percentage, and may further be ≥56%, ≥57%, ≥58%, ≥59%, or ≥60%.

[0089] In some embodiments, the silicon dioxide content in the alkali aluminosilicate glass is ≤70% by mass percentage.

[0090] In some embodiments, the silicon oxide in the alkali aluminosilicate glass is 58% to 72% by mass percentage.

[0091] In some embodiments, the silicon oxide in the alkali aluminosilicate glass is 60% to 70% by mass percentage, more specifically 60% to 70%, or a range of one or two of the following mass percentages: 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, and 69%.

[0092] The applicant discovered that alkali metal oxides in alkali aluminosilicate glass can provide the alkali metal ions required for chemical tempering. Controlling the alkali metal ion content in alkali aluminosilicate glass within a suitable range is beneficial to the glass's intrinsic strength, chemical stability, and chemical tempering performance. However, a high mass percentage of alkali metal ions in alkali aluminosilicate glass may result in excessively low intrinsic strength and poor chemical stability.

[0093] In some embodiments, the alkali metal oxides in the alkali aluminosilicate glass are ≤18% by mass percentage, and may further be ≤17%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 13% or 12%.

[0094] In some embodiments, the alkali metal oxides account for ≥12% by mass percentage.

[0095] When the mass percentage of alkali metal ions in alkali aluminosilicate glass is low, the melting point of the glass raw material may be high, the glass sheet prepared may have more impurities, and the number of ions in the glass that can be chemically tempered may be reduced, resulting in a decrease in the mechanical properties of the glass after chemical tempering.

[0096] The applicant discovered that alkaline earth metal oxides in alkali-aluminosilicate glass are beneficial for improving the mechanical properties of the glass. However, when the mass percentage of alkaline earth metal oxides exceeds a certain range, it may adversely affect the properties of chemically tempered glass, such as reducing the mechanical properties of the chemically tempered glass obtained after chemical tempering.

[0097] In some embodiments, the alkaline earth metal oxide is ≤8% by mass percentage, and may further be ≤7%, 6%, 5%, or 4%.

[0098] In some embodiments, the alkaline earth metal oxides account for ≥2% by mass percentage.

[0099] When the mass percentage of alkaline earth metal ions is low, the viscosity of the glass raw material may be high during the melting process, resulting in poor glass performance after chemical tempering, and the mechanical properties of chemically tempered glass may be reduced.

[0100] In some embodiments, the chemically tempered glass comprises, by weight percentage:

[0101] Al2O3 ≥ 12%

[0102] SiO2 ≥ 58%,

[0103] R2O≤17% and

[0104] R'O≤6%,

[0105] Wherein, R is one or more of Li, Na, and K, and R' is one or more of Mg and Zn.

[0106] In some embodiments, the glass structure includes physically tempered glass, a polymer layer, and chemically tempered glass. The total thickness of the glass structure is 4.0–6.0 mm. The physically tempered glass is soda-lime-silica glass with a thickness of 2.5–4.0 mm. The polymer layer has a thickness of 0.7–1.4 mm. The chemically tempered glass is alkali-aluminosilicate glass with a thickness of 1.1–1.3 mm. The compressive stress layer (DOL) formed on the surface of the chemically tempered glass is ≥40.0 μm, and the compressive stress of the chemically tempered glass is ≤700 MPa.

[0107] In some embodiments, the compressive stress layer (DOL) formed on the surface of the chemically tempered glass is ≥35.0 μm, and may further be selected from any of the following ranges: ≥35.0 μm, ≥36.0 μm, ≥37.0 μm, ≥38.0 μm, ≥39.0 μm, ≥40.0 μm, ≥41.0 μm, ≥42.0 μm, ≥43.0 μm, ≥44.0 μm, ≥45.0 μm, 46.0 μm, ≥47.0 μm, ≥48.0 μm, ≥49.0 μm, ≥50.0 μm.

[0108] In some embodiments, a compressive stress layer (DOL) is formed on the surface of the chemically tempered glass.

[0109] In some embodiments, the glass structure has a penetration resistance height of ≥4.0m, which can further be ≥4.4m, or can also be ≥4.0m, ≥4.1m, ≥4.2m, ≥4.3m, ≥4.4m, ≥4.5m, ≥4.6m, ≥4.7m, ≥4.8m, ≥4.9m, ≥5.0m, ≥5.1m, ≥5.2m, ≥5.3m, ≥5.4m, ≥5.5m, ≥5.6m, ≥5.7m, ≥5.8m, ≥5.9m, or ≥6.0m.

[0110] In some embodiments, the glass structure has a penetration resistance height of 4.0m to 6.0m, more specifically 4.2m to 5.6m, or may be selected from one or two of the following heights: 4.0m, 4.1m, 4.2m, 4.3m, 4.4m, 4.5m, 4.6m, 4.7m, 4.8m, 4.9m, 5.0m, 5.1m, 5.2m, 5.3m, 5.4m, 5.5m, 5.6m, 5.7m, 5.8m, 5.9m, and 6.0m.

[0111] In some embodiments, the compressive stress (CS) of the chemically tempered glass is ≥650MPa, and may further be ≥670MPa, ≥690MPa, ≥710MPa, ≥730MPa, ≥750MPa, ≥770MPa, ≥790MPa, ≥810MPa, ≥830MPa, ≥850MPa, ≥870MPa, or ≥890MPa.

[0112] In some embodiments, the compressive stress on the surface of the physically tempered glass is ≥90MPa, further ≥95MPa, further ≥100MPa, and may also be ≥105MPa.

[0113] In some embodiments, the flexural strength of the glass structure is ≥650N, further ≥680N, or even ≥700N.

[0114] In some embodiments, the transmittance of the glass structure is ≥76%, further ≥77%, and even ≥78%.

[0115] A second aspect of this application provides a method for preparing a glass structure, which can produce the glass structure of the first aspect.

[0116] In some implementations, the following steps are included:

[0117] S100: Sodium-calcium glass is rolled into shape and then subjected to physical tempering treatment to obtain the physically tempered glass;

[0118] S200: After roll forming alkali aluminosilicate glass, chemical tempering treatment is performed to form the compressive stress layer (DOL) on the surface of the chemically tempered glass, resulting in the chemically tempered glass.

[0119] S300: The physically tempered glass, the polymer layer, and the chemically tempered glass are stacked to form a laminated structure, wherein the two sides of the polymer layer are either the physically tempered glass or the chemically tempered glass;

[0120] S400: Pre-press and press the glass layers together to form the glass structure.

[0121] In some implementations, the following steps are included:

[0122] S100: Sodium-calcium glass is rolled into shape and then subjected to physical tempering treatment to obtain the physically tempered glass with suitable surface compressive stress;

[0123] S200: After roll forming, alkali aluminosilicate glass is chemically tempered to form the compressive stress layer (DOL) on the surface of the chemically tempered glass, thereby obtaining chemically tempered glass with suitable surface compressive stress.

[0124] S300: The physically tempered glass with suitable surface compressive stress and suitable thickness, the polymer layer, and the chemically tempered glass with suitable surface compressive stress and suitable thickness are stacked to form a laminated structure, wherein the polymer layer has either the physically tempered glass or the chemically tempered glass on both sides.

[0125] S400: Pre-press and press the glass stack to form the glass structure with a suitable thickness.

[0126] In some implementations, the following steps are included:

[0127] S100: Sodium-calcium glass is rolled into shape and then subjected to physical tempering treatment to obtain the physically tempered glass with suitable surface compressive stress;

[0128] S200: After roll forming, alkali aluminosilicate glass is chemically tempered to form the compressive stress layer (DOL) on the surface of the chemically tempered glass, thereby obtaining chemically tempered glass with suitable surface compressive stress.

[0129] S300: The physically tempered glass with a surface compressive stress ≥90MPa and a thickness of 2.0~4.0mm, the polymer layer with a thickness of 0.3~1.4mm, and the chemically tempered glass with a surface compressive stress ≥650MPa, an ion exchange layer depth ≥35.0μm and a thickness of 1.0~1.5mm are stacked to form a laminated structure, wherein the polymer layer is on either side of the physically tempered glass or the chemically tempered glass;

[0130] S400: The glass stack is pre-pressed and pressed to form the glass structure with a thickness of 3.0 to 6.0 mm.

[0131] In some embodiments, the roll-formed alkali aluminosilicate glass is subjected to at least one step of chemical tempering.

[0132] In some embodiments, the compressive stress layer (DOL) formed on the surface of the chemically tempered glass is ≥35.0 μm.

[0133] In some embodiments, the compressive stress (CS) of the chemically tempered glass is ≥650 MPa.

[0134] In some embodiments, the glass structure is prepared by chemical tempering at a temperature ≥380°C.

[0135] In some embodiments, the chemical tempering time in the glass structure preparation method is ≥180 min.

[0136] A third aspect of this application provides a window component, comprising a glass structure prepared by the method described in the first aspect or the method described in the second aspect.

[0137] A fourth aspect of this application provides a high-speed vehicle including a window component as described in the third aspect.

[0138] To facilitate understanding and implementation of the present invention, the following more specific and detailed embodiments and comparative examples, which are easier to implement, are provided for reference. The test methods are described below:

[0139] Compressive stress on the surface of physically tempered glass: measured using a JF-3E physically tempered glass surface stress meter. The test method follows the ASTM C 1048 standard specification for heat-treated flat glass.

[0140] The surface compressive stress test method for chemically tempered glass is as follows: The surface compressive stress is tested using an FSM-6000 surface stress analyzer, and is generally expressed as the CS value. The specific test steps are as follows: Place a 50mm long and 50mm wide sample into the prism of the surface stress analyzer; input the relevant glass parameters according to the glass properties, including the photoelastic coefficient, refractive index, and glass thickness; and perform the test according to the surface stress analyzer software.

[0141] Method for testing the ion exchange layer depth of chemically tempered glass: The ion exchange layer depth is tested using a surface stress analyzer FSM-6000 or SLP-200, and is generally expressed as the DOL value. The specific testing steps are as follows: Place a 50mm long and 50mm wide sample under the prism of the surface stress analyzer; input the relevant glass parameters according to the glass properties, including the photoelastic coefficient, refractive index, and glass thickness; and perform the test according to the surface stress analyzer software.

[0142] Test method for glass structure transmittance: The SGT-A type transmittance meter is used for testing. Specific test procedures refer to GB / T 5137.2-2002 Automotive Safety Glass Test Methods Part 2: Optical Performance Tests.

[0143] When the transmittance of a glass structure is higher than 70%, the performance of the glass structure meets the transmittance requirements.

[0144] Bending strength test method: A tensile testing machine is used to test the bending strength at three points. With the outer side of the glass structure facing upwards, the distance between the two upper points is 80 mm, and the middle point is the lowest point. The distance between the pressure point and the edge is 2-3 mm.

[0145] Head model impact test method: A falling ball impact testing machine was used. The weight of the head model was 10kg ± 0.2kg. The specimen size was 305×305mm. The head model was lifted to a height of 3.6 meters and then dropped freely, with the landing point within 40mm of the center of the specimen. The specimen surface was perpendicular to the impact surface. After the test, it was confirmed whether the glass structure cracked or penetrated. If the glass structure did not penetrate, the performance of the glass structure met the requirements of the head model impact test.

[0146] Penetration resistance height test: A falling ball impact tester is used. A 305mm square specimen is placed on a support. A steel ball (mass 2260g ± 20g, diameter 82mm) is lifted to a specified height and then dropped freely. The impact surface of the specimen (physically tempered glass) is perpendicular to the incident direction of the steel ball, and the impact point is within 25mm of the center of the specimen. The test confirms whether the steel ball penetrates the glass structure specimen within 5 seconds after impact. If the penetration resistance height is higher than 4m, the performance of the glass structure meets the penetration resistance height test requirements.

[0147] Total weight of the glass structure: In this application, the total weight of the glass structure is defined as the glass structure manufactured including tempered glass and polymer layers, without polishing or segmentation, and excluding other fittings such as adhesive layers, grooves, flanges, etc., used for installation. The total weight of the glass structure is described in terms of the mass per square meter of the aforementioned glass structure.

[0148] The specific performance parameters of the polymer layer raw materials are shown in Table 1:

[0149] Table 1. Performance Parameters of Polymer Layer Raw Materials

[0150]

[0151] Example 1

[0152] Preparation of chemically tempered glass:

[0153] The alkali aluminosilicate glass sheets with the corresponding compositions in Table 1 were roll-pressed at 650°C. The roll-pressed alkali aluminosilicate glass was then placed in a chemical tempering molten salt of 100wt% KNO3 for 5 hours for chemical tempering treatment. The resulting chemically tempered glass had an ion exchange layer depth of 42.6μm, a thickness of 1.5mm, and a surface compressive stress of 845MPa.

[0154] Preparation of physically tempered glass:

[0155] Sodium-calcium glass is rolled into shape and then physically tempered to obtain physically tempered glass with a thickness of 3.5 mm and a surface compressive stress of 100.5 MPa.

[0156] Preparation of glass structures:

[0157] The aforementioned physically tempered glass is laminated with 0.76mm polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and the aforementioned chemically tempered glass to form a glass laminate.

[0158] The glass layers are pre-pressed and pressed together to form a 5.76mm glass structure, which weighs 13.3kg per square meter.

[0159] The glass structure was tested, and the results are as follows:

[0160] The glass structure has a transmittance of 78.9% and a bending strength of 717N. After a ball impact test, the glass structure did not break or penetrate. After a head mold impact test, the glass structure cracked but did not penetrate, with a penetration height of 4.4 meters.

[0161] Example 2

[0162] Preparation of chemically tempered glass:

[0163] The alkali aluminosilicate glass sheets with the corresponding compositions in Table 1 were roll-pressed at 670°C. The roll-pressed alkali aluminosilicate glass was then placed in a chemical tempering molten salt of 99.8 wt% KNO3 and 0.02% NaNO3 for 4 hours for chemical tempering treatment. The resulting chemically tempered glass had an ion exchange layer depth of 42.0 μm, a thickness of 1.3 mm, and a surface compressive stress of 678 MPa.

[0164] Preparation of physically tempered glass:

[0165] Sodium-calcium glass is rolled into shape and then physically tempered to obtain physically tempered glass with a thickness of 4 mm and a surface compressive stress of 109.2 MPa.

[0166] Preparation of glass structures:

[0167] The aforementioned physically tempered glass and 0.38mm ionic interlayer SGP, along with the aforementioned chemically tempered glass, are laminated to form a glass laminate.

[0168] The glass layers are pre-pressed and pressed together to form a 5.68mm glass structure, which weighs 13.6kg per square meter.

[0169] Using the same test method as in Example 1, the test results are as follows:

[0170] The glass structure has a transmittance of 76.8% and a bending strength of 730N. After a ball impact test, the glass structure did not break or penetrate. After a head mold impact test, the glass structure cracked but did not penetrate, with a penetration height of 4.6 meters.

[0171] Example 3

[0172] Preparation of chemically tempered glass:

[0173] The alkali aluminosilicate glass sheets with the corresponding compositions in Table 1 were roll-formed at 600℃. The roll-formed alkali aluminosilicate glass was first placed in a chemical tempering molten salt of 50% KNO3:50% NaNO3 for 3 hours for chemical tempering treatment, and then in a chemical tempering molten salt of 96% KNO3:4% NaNO3 for 1.5 hours for chemical tempering treatment. The resulting chemically tempered glass had an ion exchange layer depth of 151.2 μm, a thickness of 1.1 mm, and a surface compressive stress of 883 MPa.

[0174] Preparation of physically tempered glass:

[0175] Sodium-calcium glass is roll-formed and then physically tempered to obtain physically tempered glass with a thickness of 2.5 mm and a surface compressive stress of 93.8 MPa.

[0176] Preparation of glass structures:

[0177] The aforementioned physically tempered glass and 0.89mm graphene polymer optical film (SXSGP) are laminated with the aforementioned chemically tempered glass to form a glass laminate;

[0178] The glass layers are pre-pressed and pressed together to form a 4.49mm glass structure, which weighs 9.8kg per square meter.

[0179] Using the same test method as in Example 1, the test results are as follows: the transmittance of the glass structure is 82.0%, the bending strength is 788N, the glass structure does not break or penetrate after the ball impact test, and the glass structure cracks but does not penetrate after the head mold impact test, with a penetration height of 5.2 meters.

[0180] Table 2. Composition of Alkali Aluminosilicate Glass in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 3-4

[0181]

[0182]

[0183] Table 3 Chemical tempering process of alkali aluminosilicate glass in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 3-4

[0184]

[0185] Table 4 Glass structure parameters of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4

[0186]

[0187]

[0188] Table 5. Glass structure performance parameters of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4

[0189]

[0190] Comparative Example 1:

[0191] Preparation of physically tempered glass:

[0192] Sodium-calcium glass is roll-formed and then physically tempered to obtain physically tempered glass with a thickness of 3.5 mm and a surface compressive stress of 102.3 MPa.

[0193] Preparation of physically tempered glass (1):

[0194] Sodium-calcium glass is roll-formed and then physically tempered to obtain physically tempered glass with a thickness of 3.5 mm and a surface compressive stress of 105.6 MPa.

[0195] Preparation of glass structures:

[0196] The aforementioned physically tempered glass and 1.5mm polyvinyl butyral (PVB) are laminated together to form a glass laminate;

[0197] The glass layers are pre-pressed and pressed together to form an 8.5mm glass structure, which weighs 19.2kg per square meter.

[0198] Using the same test method as in Example 1, the test results are as follows: the transmittance of the glass structure is 72.3%, the bending strength is 655N, the glass structure does not break or penetrate after the ball impact test, and the glass structure cracks but does not penetrate after the head mold impact test, with a penetration height of 4.1 meters.

[0199] Comparative Example 2:

[0200] Preparation of physically tempered glass:

[0201] Sodium-calcium glass is rolled into shape and then physically tempered to obtain physically tempered glass with a thickness of 4 mm and a surface compressive stress of 110.2 MPa.

[0202] Preparation of physically tempered glass (1):

[0203] Sodium-calcium glass is rolled into shape and then physically tempered to obtain physically tempered glass with a thickness of 3 mm and a surface compressive stress of 108.5 MPa.

[0204] Preparation of glass structures:

[0205] The aforementioned physically tempered glass and 0.76mm polyvinyl butyral (PVB) are laminated together to form a glass laminate;

[0206] The glass layers are pre-pressed and pressed together to form a 7.76mm glass structure, which weighs 18.4kg per square meter.

[0207] Using the same test method as in Example 1, the test results are as follows: the transmittance of the glass structure is 73.6%, the bending strength is 630N, the glass structure does not break or penetrate after the ball impact test, and the glass structure cracks but does not penetrate after the head mold impact test, with a penetration height of 4 meters.

[0208] Comparative Example 3:

[0209] Preparation of physically tempered glass:

[0210] Soda-lime glass is rolled into shape and then physically tempered to obtain physically tempered glass with a thickness of 3.5 mm and a surface compressive stress of 105.7 MPa.

[0211] Preparation of chemically tempered glass:

[0212] The alkali aluminosilicate glass substrates with the corresponding compositions in Table 1 were roll-pressed at 650°C. The roll-pressed alkali aluminosilicate glass was then placed in a chemically tempered molten salt of 100wt% KNO3 at 420°C for 5 hours. The resulting chemically tempered glass had an ion exchange layer depth of 42.8μm, a thickness of 0.76mm, and a surface compressive stress of 834MPa.

[0213] Preparation of glass structures:

[0214] The aforementioned physically tempered glass is laminated with 0.76mm polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and the aforementioned chemically tempered glass to form a glass laminate.

[0215] The glass layers are pre-pressed and pressed together to form a 4.96mm glass structure, which weighs 11.3kg per square meter.

[0216] Using the same test method as in Example 1, the test results are as follows: the transmittance of the glass structure is 77.7%, the bending strength is 728N, the glass structure does not break or penetrate after the ball impact test, and the glass structure cracks but does not penetrate after the head mold impact test, with a penetration height of 3.7 meters.

[0217] Comparative Example 4:

[0218] Preparation of physically tempered glass:

[0219] Soda-lime glass is rolled into shape and then physically tempered to obtain physically tempered glass with a thickness of 3.5 mm and a surface compressive stress of 105.7 MPa.

[0220] Preparation of chemically tempered glass:

[0221] The alkali aluminosilicate glass sheets with the corresponding compositions in Table 1 were roll-pressed at 650°C. The roll-pressed alkali aluminosilicate glass was then placed in a chemically tempered molten salt of 100wt% KNO3 at 420°C for 3 hours. The resulting chemically tempered glass had an ion exchange layer depth of 28.6μm, a thickness of 0.76mm, and a surface compressive stress of 933MPa.

[0222] Preparation of glass structures:

[0223] The aforementioned physically tempered glass is laminated with 0.76mm polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and the aforementioned chemically tempered glass to form a glass laminate.

[0224] The glass layers are pre-pressed and pressed together to form a 6.26mm glass structure, which weighs 14.6kg per square meter.

[0225] Using the same test method as in Example 1, the test results are as follows: the transmittance of the glass structure is 76.5%, the bending strength is 664N, the glass structure does not break or penetrate after the ball impact test, and the glass structure cracks but does not penetrate after the head mold impact test, with a penetration height of 3.8 meters.

[0226] Compared with Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are heavier and have lower transmittance, bending strength, and penetration resistance.

[0227] Compared with Examples 1 to 3, the glass structure of Comparative Example 3 showed poorer head mold impact test and penetration resistance.

[0228] Compared with Examples 1 to 3, the glass structure of Comparative Example 4 is heavier and has poorer bending strength and penetration resistance.

[0229] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0230] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A window component, characterized in that, The device includes a glass structure comprising physically tempered glass, a polymer layer, and chemically tempered glass, wherein the polymer layer is disposed between the physically tempered glass and the chemically tempered glass, wherein: the total thickness of the glass structure is 3.0~6.0 mm, the physically tempered glass is soda-lime-silica glass with a thickness of 2.0~4.0 mm, the polymer layer has a thickness of 0.3~1.4 mm, and the chemically tempered glass is alkali-aluminosilicate glass with a thickness of 1.0~1.5 mm; the compressive stress layer (DOL) formed on the surface of the chemically tempered glass is ≥35.0 μm; and the compressive stress of the chemically tempered glass is ≥650 MPa. The chemically tempered glass comprises, by mass percentage: Al2O3≥8%, SiO2≥55%, R2O≤18% and R'O≤8%, Wherein, R is one or more of Li, Na, and K, and R' is one or more of Mg and Zn; The polymer layer is a graphene polymer optical film; The surface pressure of the physically tempered glass should be 90MPa~100MPa; The chemically tempered glass in the glass structure is located on the outer side of the window component.

2. The window component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The glass structure comprises physically tempered glass, a polymer layer, and chemically tempered glass, wherein: the total thickness of the glass structure is 4.0~6.0 mm; the physically tempered glass is soda-lime-silica glass with a thickness of 2.5~4.0 mm; the polymer layer has a thickness of 0.7~1.4 mm; and the chemically tempered glass is alkali-aluminosilicate glass with a thickness of 1.1~1.3 mm; the compressive stress layer (DOL) formed on the surface of the chemically tempered glass is ≥40.0 μm; and the compressive stress of the chemically tempered glass is ≥700 MPa.

3. The window component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chemically tempered glass comprises, by mass percentage: Al2O3 12%~23% SiO2 58%~72%, R2O 12%~18% and R'O 4%~8%, Where R is one or more of Li, Na, and K, and R' is Mg.

4. The window component according to claim 3, characterized in that, The chemically tempered glass comprises, by mass percentage: Al2O3 13.4%, SiO2 61.3%, Na2O 11.7%, K2O 5.8%, MgO 6.6%, and ZrO2 1.2%.

5. The window component as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, At least one of the following conditions must be met: (1) The flexural strength of the glass structure is ≥650 N; (2) The glass structure has a penetration resistance height ≥ 4.0 m; (3) The compressive stress on the surface of the physical tempered glass is ≥90 MPa.

6. The window component as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The transmittance of the glass structure is ≥76%.

7. A method for preparing a window component as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The preparation of the glass structure includes the following steps: Sodium-calcium glass is rolled into shape and then subjected to physical tempering treatment to obtain the physically tempered glass; After being rolled into shape, alkali aluminosilicate glass is chemically tempered to form the compressive stress layer (DOL) on the surface of the chemically tempered glass, thus obtaining the chemically tempered glass. The physically tempered glass, the polymer layer, and the chemically tempered glass are stacked together to form a laminated structure, wherein the polymer layer has either the physically tempered glass or the chemically tempered glass on either side. The glass layers are pre-pressed and pressed together to form the glass structure.

8. The method for preparing a window component as described in claim 7, characterized in that, At least one of the following conditions must be met: The compressive stress layer formed on the surface of the chemically tempered glass is ≥35.0 μm; The compressive stress of the chemically tempered glass is ≥650 MPa.

9. The method for preparing a window component as described in any one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that, At least one of the following conditions must be met: (1) The temperature of the chemical tempering is ≥380℃; (2) The chemical tempering time is ≥180 min.

10. A high-speed transportation vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the form component as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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