Method for detecting perpendicularity of cylinder hole and main shaft hole of marine diesel engine

Abstract

A verticality detection method for cylinder hole and main shaft hole of marine diesel engine is provided, which belongs to the technical field of diesel engine quality detection. A laser straightness measurement system is adopted, a laser transmitter is installed at the first end of the main shaft hole of the engine body, a laser receiver is installed at the tail end, and an ideal center axis is determined by adjustment. A cylinder hole verticality detection tool is installed to ensure that the tool support surface is in close contact with the cylinder sleeve hole and coaxial, and the tool reference hole is coaxial with the main shaft hole by adjustment. The laser receiver is placed at the front end of the tool reference ring for measurement, and then the laser receiver is placed at the rear end of the tool reference ring for measurement. The verticality deviation value between the center axis of the cylinder hole and the center axis of the main shaft hole is obtained by calculating the displacement distance of the front and rear laser receivers on the reference ring and the height difference value between the vertical direction and the reference line. The present application improves the detection efficiency, reduces the need for engine three-coordinate detection tooling and mobile tooling, greatly reduces the production cost of the engine body, and improves the production efficiency.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of diesel engine quality detection, and particularly relates to a perpendicularity detection method for cylinder holes and main shaft holes of a marine diesel engine. BACKGROUND

[0002] The diesel engine body is used for bearing and connecting diesel engine parts such as a crankshaft, a cylinder cover, a cylinder sleeve, a camshaft and the like, has a large number of machining procedures, a large number of hole systems, and high detection requirements. As the backbone and foundation of the diesel engine, the quality of the diesel engine body is a basic guarantee for reliable operation of the diesel engine. Since the marine diesel engine body has a large size, complex hole systems and high precision requirements, the most commonly used method for accurate measurement of the form and position tolerances between the hole systems of the body is three-coordinate measurement. When the three-coordinate measurement is used for the hole systems of the diesel engine body with a large space size, the measurement error is increased, the three-coordinate measurement has high requirements, and the large body workpiece is inconvenient to move, thereby causing low detection efficiency and high work intensity. Therefore, it is necessary to make improvements. SUMMARY

[0003] The application solves the technical problem of providing a perpendicularity detection method for cylinder holes and main shaft holes of a marine diesel engine. The application uses a laser collimator and a special perpendicularity detection tool to measure the perpendicularity deviation of all cylinder holes and main shaft holes at one time on the machining site. The application not only improves the detection efficiency, but also reduces the requirements for three-coordinate detection tools and moving tools of the body, greatly reduces the production cost of the body, and improves the production efficiency.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0005] The perpendicularity detection method for cylinder holes and main shaft holes of a marine diesel engine comprises the following steps:

[0006] Step 1): A laser straightness measurement system is used to install a laser transmitter at the first end of the main shaft hole of the diesel engine body and install a laser receiver at the end, and an ideal main shaft hole center line C-C' is determined by adjustment;

[0007] Step 2): The perpendicularity detection tool is integrally fixed and installed in the measured cylinder hole, the perpendicularity detection tool support surface is tightly attached to the inner wall surface of the cylinder hole, the perpendicularity detection tool center line is overlapped with the actual center line of the cylinder hole, and the reference ring at the lower part of the perpendicularity detection tool is adjusted to be coaxial with the main shaft hole;

[0008] Step 3): The distance between the upper plane of the cylinder hole and the center line of the main shaft hole is L; the laser receiver is placed in front of the reference ring of the verticality detection tool to measure the height value h1 in the vertical direction; the laser receiver is continuously moved to the rear end of the reference ring of the verticality detection tool to measure the height value h2 in the vertical direction, the height difference is Δh, that is, Δh = |h1-h2|, the moving distance of the laser receiver is a; the verticality deviation angle between the actual cylinder hole center line and the main shaft hole center line is α, and the vertical deviation between the actual cylinder hole top center and the ideal cylinder hole top center is ΔH, then through the similar triangle principle, the following can be obtained:

[0009]

[0010] Further, the vertical deviation ΔH between the actual cylinder hole top center and the ideal cylinder hole top center can be calculated as:

[0011]

[0012] The verticality deviation angle α between the actual cylinder hole center line and the main shaft hole center line can be obtained through the trigonometric formula.

[0013] In the above step 1), the laser source of the laser collimator is fixed at one end of the main shaft hole of the diesel engine body, and the laser collimator aiming target is placed in the front and rear holes, and the light source is adjusted so that the light source received by the receiving target is parallel to the main shaft hole axis, that is, an ideal main shaft hole center line C-C' is found.

[0014] In the above step 2), the verticality detection tool has the following structure: a connecting rod is provided with a reference ring at the lower end, the connection between the reference ring and the connecting rod is an up-down adjustable structure, a lower support and an upper support are sleeved on the upper part of the connecting rod, and the lower support and the upper support are fixed after being axially moved and rotationally adjusted on the connecting rod.

[0015] Further, the up-down adjustable connection structure between the reference ring and the connecting rod includes a quick locking device, the tube sleeve at the upper end of the reference ring is locked through the quick locking device after being adjusted to the position at the lower end of the connecting rod, and the quick locking device can be a positioning pin or an elastic sleeve.

[0016] Further, the lower support and the upper support are both three-leaf structures with the same radius and circumferentially distributed, the outer edge of the three-leaf structure is a circular arc surface for abutting the inner surface of the cylinder hole, and the lower support and the upper support are positioned and fixed through the upper and lower support positioning pins after being sleeved on the connecting rod and being adjusted to the position.

[0017] Further, the upper support is provided with a positioning bushing, and the positioning bushing is used to connect with the hole on the cylinder hole top step through the positioning pin.

[0018] Furthermore, support pins are provided on the arc surfaces of the lower and upper supports.

[0019] Furthermore, the top of the connecting rod is provided with a positioning pad and a clamping nut.

[0020] Advantages of this invention compared to existing technologies:

[0021] 1. This solution utilizes a laser collimator in conjunction with a dedicated perpendicularity testing fixture. By using laser measurement as an aid, it indirectly reflects changes in cylinder bore perpendicularity through the difference in the height of the aiming target, ensuring the coaxiality of the testing reference ring and the spindle bore, and guaranteeing the accuracy of the measurement results. This testing method is novel, simple to operate, and highly versatile, and can be quickly extended to various product models to solve similar problems.

[0022] 2. This solution is easy to install and has high testing efficiency: The testing fixture is easy to install and can be used for online measurement, which greatly shortens the measurement time and improves the testing efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the diesel engine body in this invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the diesel engine body in this invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the detection principle of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the perpendicularity detection fixture in this invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a front view structural diagram of the perpendicularity detection fixture in this invention;

[0028] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Sectional view along line AA in the middle;

[0029] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 5 BB-direction sectional view. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Please seeFigures 1-7 , details of the embodiments of the present application.

[0032] Embodiment 1: A method for detecting the perpendicularity of the cylinder hole and the main shaft hole of a marine diesel engine, comprising the following steps:

[0033] Step 1): A laser straightness measurement system is used, as shown in Figure 1 and 2 , a laser transmitter is installed at the front end of the main shaft hole 11 of the diesel engine body (the number of main shaft holes of a medium and high speed diesel engine body is generally ≥ 6), and a laser receiver is installed at the rear end. Specifically, the laser light source of the laser collimator is fixed at one end of the main shaft hole 11 of the diesel engine body, and the laser collimator aiming target is placed in the front and rear holes. Adjust the light source so that the light source received by the receiving target is parallel to the main shaft hole axis, that is, find an ideal main shaft hole center line C-C';

[0034] Step 2): The perpendicularity detection tool is integrally fixed and installed in the measured cylinder hole 12, ensuring that the perpendicularity detection tool support surface closely fits the inner wall surface of the cylinder hole 12 and that the perpendicularity detection tool center line coincides with the actual center line of the cylinder hole; By adjusting the perpendicularity detection tool, the reference ring 1 at the lower part of the perpendicularity detection tool is made coaxial with the main shaft hole 11;

[0035] Step 3): As shown in Figure 3 , the upper plane of the cylinder hole 12 is a distance L from the center line of the main shaft hole; The laser receiver is placed at the front end of the reference ring 1 of the perpendicularity detection tool for measurement, and the vertical height value h1 is read; Continue to move the laser receiver to the rear end of the reference ring 1 of the perpendicularity detection tool for measurement, and read the vertical height value h2. The height difference is Δh, that is, Δh = |h1-h2|, and the moving distance of the laser receiver is a; Set the perpendicularity deviation angle between the actual cylinder hole center line and the main shaft hole axis as α, and the vertical deviation between the actual cylinder hole top center and the ideal cylinder hole top center as ΔH. Then, according to the principle of similar triangles, we can get:

[0036]

[0037] The vertical deviation ΔH between the actual cylinder hole top center and the ideal cylinder hole top center can be further calculated as:

[0038]

[0039] The perpendicularity deviation angle α between the actual cylinder hole center line and the main shaft hole axis can be obtained by the trigonometric formula.

[0040] Embodiment 2:

[0041] The structure of the perpendicularity detection tool is shown in Figures 4-7As shown, including connecting rod 3, the lower end of the connecting rod 3 is provided with a reference ring 1, the reference ring 1 is used for adjusting the coaxial with the main shaft hole 11 when the tool is used. The connection between the reference ring 1 and the connecting rod 3 is an up-down adjustable structure, the upper part of the connecting rod 3 is sleeved with a lower support 4 and an upper support 8, the upper support 8 is arranged at the top end of the connecting rod 3, and the lower support 4 and the upper support 8 are fixed after being axially moved and rotationally adjusted on the connecting rod 3.

[0042] Preferably, the up-down adjustable connection structure between the reference ring 1 and the connecting rod 3 includes a quick locking device 2, the pipe sleeve at the upper end of the reference ring 1 is locked through the quick locking device 2 after being adjusted to the proper position on the lower end of the connecting rod 3, and preferably the quick locking device 2 can be a positioning pin or an elastic sleeve.

[0043] In this embodiment, the adjustment of the quick locking device 2 can ensure that the tool reference ring is coaxial with the main shaft hole.

[0044] Preferably, the lower support 4 and the upper support 8 are both three-leaf structures with the same radius and circumferentially distributed, the outer edge of the three-leaf structure is a circular arc surface for abutting the inner surface of the cylinder hole, and the lower support 4 and the upper support 8 are sleeved on the connecting rod 3 and positioned and fixed by the upper and lower support positioning pins 12 after being adjusted to the proper position.

[0045] In this embodiment, the lower support 4 and the upper support 8 are used to be interference-fitted with the inner wall surface of the cylinder hole 12, so as to ensure that the center axis of the perpendicularity detection tool coincides with the actual center axis of the cylinder hole 12.

[0046] Preferably, the upper support 8 is provided with a positioning bushing 7, and the positioning bushing 7 is used to be connected with the hole on the top step of the cylinder hole 12 through a positioning pin.

[0047] In this embodiment, the positioning bushing 7 is used to be connected with the hole on the top step of the cylinder hole 12 through a positioning pin, and the included angle between the positioning bushing 7 and the center line of the reference ring 1 is adjusted according to the included angle between the top step of the cylinder hole 12 and the center axis of the main shaft hole 11, which further ensures that the reference ring 1 and the center axis of the main shaft hole 11 tend to be coaxial.

[0048] Preferably, the lower support 4 and the upper support 8 are provided with support pins 9 on the edge circular arc surface.

[0049] In this embodiment, the support pins 9 are used to contact the inner wall surface of the cylinder hole 12 during use, preventing wear on the edge of the lower support 4 and the upper support 8.

[0050] Preferably, the top end of the connecting rod 3 is provided with a positioning pad 5 and a pressing nut 6.

[0051] The present application utilizes the cooperation of laser collimator and special perpendicularity detection tooling, and can measure in the processing site, and can measure the perpendicularity deviation of all cylinder holes and main shaft holes at one time, not only improves the detection efficiency, but also reduces the requirement of machine body three coordinate detection tooling and moving tooling, greatly reduces the production cost of machine body, and improves the production efficiency.

[0052] It is apparent for those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, but can be implemented in other concrete forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present application. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all aspects as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended to embrace all changes falling within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims' essential elements, and any drawing reference in the claims should not be considered as limiting the related claims.

[0053] Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present specification is described in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution, and the present specification is described in this way only for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that those skilled in the art can understand.

Claims

1. A method for detecting the perpendicularity of the cylinder bore and spindle bore of a marine diesel engine, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1): Using a laser straightness measurement system, a laser emitter is installed at the beginning of the main shaft hole (11) of the diesel engine body, and a laser receiver is installed at the end. An ideal main shaft hole centerline CC′ is determined by adjustment. Step 2): Fix the verticality testing fixture in the cylinder bore (12) to be tested, ensuring that the support surface of the verticality testing fixture is in close contact with the inner wall of the cylinder bore (12) and that the center line of the verticality testing fixture coincides with the actual center line of the cylinder bore; adjust the verticality testing fixture to ensure that the reference ring (1) at the bottom of the verticality testing fixture is coaxial with the spindle hole (11); Step 3): The distance from the upper plane of the cylinder bore (12) to the center line of the spindle hole is L; place the laser receiver at the front end of the reference ring (1) of the perpendicularity detection fixture for measurement, and read the vertical height value h1; continue to move the laser receiver to the rear end of the reference ring (1) of the perpendicularity detection fixture for measurement, and read the vertical height value h2. The height difference is △h, that is, △h=|h1-h2|, and the moving distance of the laser receiver is a; set the perpendicularity deviation angle between the actual cylinder bore center line and the spindle hole center line as α, and the perpendicular deviation between the actual cylinder bore top center and the ideal cylinder bore top center as △H, then the following can be obtained through the principle of similar triangles: Further calculations yielded the following vertical deviation ΔH between the actual cylinder bore tip center and the ideal cylinder bore tip center: The perpendicularity deviation angle α between the actual cylinder bore centerline and the spindle bore centerline can be obtained using trigonometric function formulas. In step 1) above, the laser source of the laser collimator is fixed at one end of the main shaft hole (11) of the diesel engine body, the laser collimator is placed in the front and rear holes, and the light source is adjusted so that the light source received by the receiving target is parallel to the axis of the main shaft hole, that is, an ideal main shaft hole center line CC′ is found. In step 2) above, the structure of the verticality detection fixture is as follows: it includes a connecting rod (3), the lower end of the connecting rod (3) is provided with a reference ring (1), the connection between the reference ring (1) and the connecting rod (3) is an adjustable structure, the upper part of the connecting rod (3) is fitted with a lower support (4) and an upper support (8), the lower support (4) and the upper support (8) can be axially moved and rotated on the connecting rod (3) to adjust their positions before being fixed.

2. The method for detecting the perpendicularity of the cylinder bore and spindle bore of a marine diesel engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustable connection structure between the reference ring (1) and the connecting rod (3) includes a quick locking device (2). After the upper sleeve of the reference ring (1) is fitted onto the lower end of the connecting rod (3) and adjusted to the correct position, it is locked by the quick locking device (2). The quick locking device (2) is a positioning pin or an elastic sleeve.

3. The method for detecting the perpendicularity of the cylinder bore and spindle bore of a marine diesel engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower support (4) and the upper support (8) are both circumferentially distributed trilobed structures with the same radius. The outer edge of the trilobed structure is an arc surface for fitting with the inner surface of the cylinder bore. After the lower support (4) and the upper support (8) are fitted onto the connecting rod (3) and adjusted to the correct position, they are positioned and fixed by the upper and lower support positioning pins (10).

4. The method for detecting the perpendicularity of the cylinder bore and spindle bore of a marine diesel engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper support (8) is provided with a positioning bushing (7) along its edge. The positioning bushing (7) is used to connect to the hole on the top step of the cylinder bore through a positioning pin.

5. The method for detecting the perpendicularity of the cylinder bore and spindle bore of a marine diesel engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower support (4) and the upper support (8) are provided with support pins (9) on the arc surface of their edges.

6. The method for detecting the perpendicularity of the cylinder bore and spindle bore of a marine diesel engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the connecting rod (3) is provided with a positioning pad (5) and a clamping nut (6).

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