An airport surface aircraft collision avoidance protection zone analysis system and collision avoidance method

Abstract

This invention discloses an airport surface aircraft collision avoidance protection zone analysis system and collision avoidance method, relating to the field of airport surface operation safety. The airport surface aircraft collision avoidance protection zone analysis system includes a vehicle-mounted terminal, a vehicle-mounted positioning device, a vehicle-mounted wireless signal transceiver, a vehicle-mounted display device, an airborne terminal, an airborne wireless signal transceiver, a fixed ground station, a server, a data link, and a monitoring center. The airport fixed ground station is equipped with a ground station wireless signal transceiver and an internet module, and the ground station wireless signal transceiver is connected to the server through the internet module. The server is electrically connected to the monitoring center. This invention determines the size of the collision avoidance protection zone based on the characteristics of targets on the surface, thus making full use of the airport surface area and improving the operational efficiency of the surface while ensuring safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of airport surface operation safety, specifically to an airport surface aircraft collision avoidance protection zone analysis system and collision avoidance method. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the operational safety of large airports has received considerable attention. With the increasing number of aircraft takeoffs and landings at airports, the number of various aircraft, ground service vehicles, aerial work platforms, passenger vehicles, and pedestrians on the airport surface has also increased. Conflicts between these targets occur frequently, such as aircraft wings grazing baggage carts or baggage carts colliding with ground staff, sometimes resulting in injuries or even damage to aircraft. These incidents underscore the crucial importance of establishing advanced airport surface target conflict detection and collision avoidance systems.

[0003] The principle of collision detection between aircraft is as follows: A collision avoidance protection zone is established around the aircraft as the center. If an intruding target is detected entering this protection zone, an alert or warning is issued, and evasive action is taken to avoid a collision. This collision avoidance algorithm relies on the correct design of the target's collision avoidance protection zone. The collision avoidance protection zone for an aircraft is a three-dimensional area, meaning that a protection zone is established in front of, behind, to the left and right of, and above and below the aircraft as the center.

[0004] Most airport surface collision detection and avoidance systems are designed based on the principle of detecting collisions between aircraft in the air. The collision avoidance protection zone for an aircraft on the airport surface is a planar area established within a certain range in front of, behind, to the left and right of the aircraft. This method effectively avoids collisions between targets on the airport surface, improving operational safety. However, this method of setting up the collision avoidance protection zone treats all targets as targets on a single plane, ignoring the altitude differences between targets.

[0005] With the growth of air traffic and the increase in aircraft takeoffs and landings, the number of ground handling and service vehicles on airport surfaces is increasing. Collision avoidance zones that ignore target height differences are detrimental to operational efficiency. This is because airport surfaces differ from the air; while airborne intrusion targets are limited to aircraft, ground surfaces contain numerous targets, including various vehicles and pedestrians. These targets vary significantly in structure and size, exhibiting distinct characteristics. Therefore, the characteristics of intrusion targets must be considered when establishing aircraft collision avoidance zones. For example, between two aircraft, the height difference between them does not need to be considered, and a horizontal collision avoidance zone can be used for collision avoidance. However, if it is an aircraft and a baggage cart, the height difference must be considered because the baggage cart can pass under the aircraft's wing or tail. Therefore, for aircraft, the collision avoidance zone can be appropriately reduced, making full use of the airport surface area and improving operational efficiency while ensuring safety. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Purpose of the invention: To provide an airport surface aircraft collision avoidance protection zone analysis system and collision avoidance method. Taking aircraft on the airport surface as the research object, based on the characteristics of different targets (various vehicles) on the airport surface, the system analyzes the relative height relationship between the intruding target and different parts of the aircraft, and determines the size of the collision avoidance protection zone of the aircraft relative to each different intruding target. This can make full use of the airport surface area and improve the operational efficiency of the surface while ensuring safety.

[0007] Technical Solution: An airport surface aircraft collision avoidance protection zone analysis system includes a vehicle-mounted terminal, a vehicle-mounted positioning device, a vehicle-mounted wireless signal transceiver, a vehicle-mounted display device, an airborne terminal, an airborne wireless signal transceiver, a fixed ground station, a server, a data link, and a monitoring center. The vehicle-mounted terminal, vehicle-mounted positioning device, vehicle-mounted wireless signal transceiver, and vehicle-mounted display device are installed on vehicles at the airport surface, and are electrically connected to the vehicle-mounted terminal. The airborne terminal and airborne wireless signal transceiver are installed on the aircraft, and are electrically connected to the aircraft positioning device and the aircraft cockpit information display device. The fixed ground station contains a ground station wireless signal transceiver and an internet module, and the ground station wireless signal transceiver is connected to the server via the internet module. The vehicle-mounted wireless signal transceiver, airborne wireless signal transceiver, and ground station wireless signal transceiver transmit and receive signals via a data link. The server is electrically connected to the monitoring center.

[0008] Furthermore, the vehicle-mounted wireless signal transceiver, airborne wireless signal transceiver, and ground station wireless signal transceiver all adopt the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) transceiver module; the vehicle-mounted wireless signal transceiver, airborne wireless signal transceiver, and ground station wireless signal transceiver transmit and receive signals through the 1090ES data link.

[0009] Furthermore, the vehicle-mounted positioning device uses a GPS receiver, and the aircraft positioning device uses an airborne satellite data receiving device. The location information transmitted by the vehicle-mounted wireless signal transceiver and the airborne wireless signal transceiver comes from the satellite navigation system.

[0010] Furthermore, the vehicle-mounted terminal has a vehicle-mounted voice alarm module, the airborne terminal has an airborne voice alarm module, and the monitoring center has a monitoring center display device, which uses an LED touch screen and is equipped with a monitoring center voice alarm module.

[0011] This invention also provides a collision avoidance method based on an airport surface aircraft collision avoidance protection zone analysis system, comprising the following steps:

[0012] S1. Establish the target database;

[0013] S11. For a specific airport, compile detailed information on all targets on the airport surface and compile detailed information on all targets.

[0014] The target refers to all vehicles on the airport surface, and the specific information of the target includes the vehicle's model, size, and tire specifications.

[0015] S12. Classify the targets according to their size information and generate label information for each target. The label information includes its own identification information and classification number.

[0016] S13. Establish a field target database for all targets on the field. The field target database contains the tag information of all targets on the field. Download the field target database to the vehicle terminal and the airborne terminal.

[0017] S2. Determine the critical collision zone between different intruding targets and the aircraft;

[0018] For a specific aircraft, based on the aircraft's identification information and the different types of targets in the target database, the relative positional relationship between different types of intrusion targets and the aircraft is analyzed to determine the collision critical zone between the target and the aircraft. The collision critical zone refers to the area formed by the points where the aircraft and the target collide.

[0019] S3. Determine the collision avoidance protection zones for aircraft targeting different intrusion targets;

[0020] S31. Targets on the airport surface transmit radio signals, including their own tag information and location information, through vehicle-mounted wireless signal transceivers.

[0021] S32. The airborne wireless signal transceiver on the aircraft receives information sent by targets on the airport surface, and the airborne terminal extracts and processes the target's tag information, real-time position, speed, and direction of movement.

[0022] S33. Based on the target label information extracted in S32, obtain the critical collision zone of the target with the aircraft.

[0023] S34. According to the principle of collision avoidance for aircraft, the collision avoidance zone usually provides the pilot with 15 seconds to avoid collisions. Therefore, the collision avoidance zone is determined based on the aircraft's airspeed.

[0024] S4. The monitoring center sends a warning message to the ground target;

[0025] S41. The fixed ground station receives information sent by the vehicle-mounted wireless signal transceiver and the airborne wireless signal transceiver, extracts and processes the tag information, real-time position, speed and direction of movement of all targets, and sends it to the server through the Internet module.

[0026] S42. After the server aggregates and processes the information, it sends it to the monitoring center, where real-time information of all targets is displayed on the monitoring center's display device.

[0027] S43. Based on the collision avoidance protection zone determined by S34, for targets that are in conflict, the monitoring center sends voice alarm information to the corresponding vehicle-mounted terminal through the fixed ground station.

[0028] Furthermore, in addition to the target database, the vehicle terminal also stores vehicle tags, which are the tag information of the vehicle itself, and the tag information includes its own identification information and classification number;

[0029] The airborne terminal also stores an airborne tag and the aircraft identification information stored within the airborne tag. The aircraft cockpit information display device displays the airborne tag information and the received target information. The aircraft identification information includes: aircraft model, fuselage length, fuselage height, wingspan, maximum height above the ground of the farthest boundary point of the two wings, minimum height above the ground of the outer wing of the engine, maximum height above the ground of the fuselage, minimum height above the ground of the fuselage, distance between the outer wing of the engine and the farthest boundary point of the wing, and horizontal distance between the maximum height point and the minimum height point of the fuselage above the ground.

[0030] Beneficial effects

[0031] The collision avoidance method of this invention is rationally designed. It classifies targets on the field according to their characteristics and establishes a target database. The collision point is determined based on the relative positions of each target and the aircraft. Targets transmit their tag information to the aircraft via wireless signal transmission modules, and the aircraft determines the collision avoidance protection zone based on the received information and time thresholds. Simultaneously, the monitoring center monitors all targets on the field and issues warnings for potential threats. This invention effectively improves operational safety and efficiency on the field and has broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the framework structure of the system of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the collision critical region of an aircraft targeting a Class I target in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the collision critical region for an aircraft targeting a Category II target in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the collision critical region for an aircraft targeting Category III targets in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the collision avoidance protection zone for aircraft targeting Category III targets in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the collision avoidance protection zone for aircraft targeting Category III targets in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the collision avoidance protection zone for aircraft targeting Category III targets in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Among them, there are: vehicle terminal-1; vehicle positioning device-2; vehicle wireless signal transceiver-41; vehicle display device-3; vehicle voice alarm module-161; vehicle tag-15; airborne terminal-5; airborne wireless signal transceiver-42; aircraft positioning device-10; aircraft cockpit information display device-11; airborne tag-17; airborne voice alarm module-162; fixed ground station-6; ground station wireless signal transceiver-43; internet module-12; server-7; data link-8; monitoring center-9; monitoring center display device-13; monitoring center voice alarm module-14. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, an airport surface aircraft collision avoidance protection zone analysis system includes a vehicle-mounted terminal 1, a vehicle-mounted positioning device 2, a vehicle-mounted wireless signal transceiver 41, a vehicle-mounted display device 3, an airborne terminal 5, an airborne wireless signal transceiver 42, a fixed ground station 6, a server 7, a data link 8, and a monitoring center 9; the vehicle-mounted terminal 1 has a vehicle-mounted voice alarm module 161, and the airborne terminal 5 is equipped with an airborne voice alarm module 162.

[0042] The vehicle-mounted terminal 1, vehicle-mounted positioning device 2, vehicle-mounted wireless signal transceiver 41, and vehicle-mounted display device 3 are installed on vehicles at the airport. The vehicle-mounted positioning device 2, vehicle-mounted wireless signal transceiver 41, and vehicle-mounted display device 3 are all electrically connected to the vehicle-mounted terminal 1.

[0043] The airborne terminal 5 and the airborne wireless signal transceiver 42 are installed on the aircraft, and the airborne terminal 5 and the airborne wireless signal transceiver 42 are electrically connected to the aircraft positioning device 10 and the aircraft cockpit information display device 11.

[0044] The fixed ground station 6 is equipped with a ground station wireless signal transceiver 43 and an Internet module 12. The ground station wireless signal transceiver 43 is connected to the server 7 through the Internet module 12. The server 7 is electrically connected to the monitoring center 9.

[0045] The monitoring center 9 is equipped with a monitoring center display device 13, which is an LED touch screen and a monitoring center voice alarm module 14.

[0046] The vehicle-mounted wireless transceiver 41, airborne wireless transceiver 42, and ground station wireless transceiver 43 transmit and receive signals via data link 8. All three devices employ an Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) transceiver module. Data link 8 uses a 1090ES data link. The vehicle-mounted positioning device 2 uses a GPS receiver, and the aircraft positioning device uses an airborne satellite data receiver. The location information transmitted by the vehicle-mounted and airborne wireless transceivers 41 and 42 originates from a satellite navigation system.

[0047] The collision avoidance method based on the airport surface aircraft collision avoidance protection zone analysis system comprises the following steps:

[0048] S1. Establish the target database

[0049] S11. For a specific airport, compile detailed information on all targets on the airport surface:

[0050] The target is all vehicles on the airport surface, and the vehicle identification information includes:

[0051] 1) Vehicle Type: Air source vehicle (A), trailer (B), passenger elevator vehicle (C), water supply vehicle (D), air-conditioned vehicle (E), pickup truck (F), minibus (G), station wagon (H), aerial work platform vehicle (I), lifting platform vehicle (J), electric tractor vehicle (K), engine washing equipment vehicle (L), power unit vehicle (M).

[0052] 2) Vehicle dimensions include: vehicle length, width, height, and tire information.

[0053] S12. Classify the target according to its size information (in this invention, only vehicles are analyzed as intrusion targets).

[0054] Vehicles are divided into three categories based on size:

[0055] The first category is targets whose vehicle body is higher than the maximum height above the ground at the farthest boundary point of the wing, including aerial work vehicles I. These targets have the same characteristics as aircraft and are defined as category I.

[0056] The second category consists of vehicles whose height is between the minimum height of the outer wing of the aircraft engine above the ground and the maximum height of the farthest boundary point of the two wings above the ground. This category includes passenger boarding bridges (C), air-conditioned vehicles (E), and touring vehicles (H), and is defined as Category II.

[0057] The third category consists of vehicles whose height is lower than the minimum ground clearance of the fuselage. These include air supply vehicles (A), trailers (B), lifting platform vehicles (J), pickup trucks (F), water cleaning vehicles (D), engine washing equipment (L), power unit vehicles (M), and small passenger vehicles (G).

[0058] For each target, a label is created, which adds the type information to the original identification information.

[0059] S13. Establish a target database for the above-mentioned vehicle and aircraft targets. The target database includes the tag information of each target. Download this target database information to the corresponding vehicle-mounted terminal 1 and airborne terminal 5 on the airport surface.

[0060] In addition to the target database, the vehicle terminal 1 also stores vehicle tags 15, which are the tag information of the vehicle itself. The tag information includes its own identification information and classification number.

[0061] In addition to the target database, the airborne terminal 5 also stores the airborne tag 17 and the aircraft identification information stored inside the airborne tag 17. The aircraft cockpit information display device 11 displays the airborne tag 17 information and the received target information.

[0062] The aircraft identification information includes: aircraft model, fuselage length, fuselage height, wingspan, maximum height above the ground of the farthest boundary point of both wings, minimum height above the ground of the outer wing of the engine, maximum height above the ground of the fuselage, minimum height above the ground of the fuselage, distance between the outer wing of the engine and the farthest boundary point of the wing, and horizontal distance between the maximum and minimum height points of the fuselage above the ground.

[0063] S2. Determine the critical collision zone between different types of intrusion targets and aircraft;

[0064] For large aircraft, such as the A330-300, we analyze the collision critical zones of Class I, II, and III targets for the aircraft. The collision critical zone refers to the area formed by the point of collision between the aircraft and the target, within which the target will definitely collide with the aircraft.

[0065] For Category I targets, due to their higher altitude, the critical collision zone for the aircraft is an elliptical region along the aircraft's outline, such as... Figure 2 As shown;

[0066] For Category II targets, which are lower in altitude than Category I targets, passage is possible under the wing at the outer edge of the engine, or under a portion of the space between the nose and tail. The critical collision zone of the aircraft is as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0067] For Category III targets, which have the lowest altitude, they can pass through most of the area under the aircraft's bottom. The critical collision zone for the aircraft is as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0068] S3. Determine the aircraft's collision avoidance protection zone based on the received intrusion target information;

[0069] S31. Targets on the airport surface obtain their own location information through GPS receivers and send the location information to the vehicle terminal. The vehicle terminal 1 sends its own tag information and location information to the outside world via ADS-B radio signals.

[0070] S32. The ADS-B transceiver on the aircraft receives information sent by the airport target, and the airborne terminal extracts information such as target tag information, real-time position, speed, and direction of movement.

[0071] S33, the airborne terminal 5 obtains the critical collision zone of the target with the aircraft based on the target identification information extracted in S32;

[0072] S34. According to the principle of collision avoidance in the air, the collision avoidance protection zone usually provides the pilot with 15 seconds to avoid collision. That is, an area of ​​15 seconds, determined by airspeed, is added outside the critical collision zone as the aircraft's collision avoidance protection zone.

[0073] Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 The thick lines inside the circles represent the collision protection zones corresponding to Class I, Class II, and Class III intrusion targets, respectively.

[0074] S4. The monitoring center sends a warning message to the ground target;

[0075] S41, Monitoring Center 9 receives information from all vehicle-mounted and airborne ADS-B devices on the airport surface via the fixed ground station's ADS-B, extracts target tag information, real-time location, speed, and direction of movement, and sends it to the server via the Internet module;

[0076] S42, Server 7 aggregates and processes the information and sends it to Monitoring Center 9, where real-time information of all targets is displayed on the screen of Monitoring Center 9.

[0077] S43. The monitoring center 9 checks for conflicts in the collision avoidance protection zone determined in step S34. If there is a conflict, it sends a warning message to the corresponding terminal through the fixed ground station 6 to avoid the conflict.

[0078] As described above, although the invention has been shown and described with reference to specific preferred embodiments, it should not be construed as limiting the invention itself. Various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A collision avoidance method based on an airport surface aircraft collision avoidance protection zone analysis system, characterized in that, The airport surface aircraft collision avoidance protection zone analysis system includes a vehicle-mounted terminal (1), a vehicle-mounted positioning device (2), a vehicle-mounted wireless signal transceiver (41), a vehicle-mounted display device (3), an airborne terminal (5), an airborne wireless signal transceiver (42), a fixed ground station (6), a server (7), a data link (8), and a monitoring center (9); the fixed ground station (6) is equipped with a ground station wireless signal transceiver (43) and an internet access module (12). The collision avoidance method includes the following steps: S1. Establish the target database; S11. For a specific airport, compile detailed information on all targets on the airport surface and compile detailed information on all targets. The target refers to all vehicles on the airport surface, and the identification information of the target includes the vehicle's model, size, and tire specifications. S12. Classify the targets according to their size information and generate label information for each target. The label information includes its own identification information and classification number. S13. Establish a field target database for all targets on the field. The field target database contains the tag information of all targets on the field. Download the field target database to the vehicle terminal (1) and the airborne terminal (5). S2. Determine the critical collision zone between different intruding targets and the aircraft; For a specific aircraft, based on the aircraft's identification information and the different types of targets in the target database, the relative positional relationship between different types of intrusion targets and the aircraft is analyzed to determine the collision critical zone between the target and the aircraft. The collision critical zone refers to the area formed by the points where the aircraft and the target collide. S3. Determine the collision avoidance protection zones for aircraft targeting different intrusion targets; S31. Targets on the airport surface transmit radio signals including their own tag information and location information to the outside world through vehicle-mounted wireless signal transceiver (41); S32, the airborne wireless signal transceiver (42) on the aircraft receives information sent by targets on the airport surface, and the airborne terminal (5) extracts and processes the target's tag information, real-time position, speed, and direction of motion; S33. Based on the target label information extracted in S32, obtain the critical collision zone of the target with the aircraft. S34. According to the principle of collision avoidance for aircraft, the collision avoidance zone provides the pilot with 15 seconds to avoid collisions. Therefore, the collision avoidance zone needs to be determined based on the aircraft's airspeed. S4. The monitoring center sends a warning message to the ground target; S41. The fixed ground station (6) receives information sent by the vehicle-mounted wireless signal transceiver (41) and the airborne wireless signal transceiver (42), extracts and processes the tag information, real-time location, speed and direction of movement of all targets, and sends it to the server (7) through the Internet module (12). S42. The server (7) aggregates and processes the information and sends it to the monitoring center (9), which then displays the real-time information of all targets on the monitoring center display device (13). S43. Based on the collision avoidance protection zone determined in S34, for targets with conflict, the monitoring center (9) sends voice alarm information to the corresponding vehicle terminal (1) through the fixed ground station (6).

2. The anti-collision method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle terminal (1), vehicle positioning device (2), vehicle wireless signal transceiver (41) and vehicle display device (3) are installed on vehicles at the airport. The vehicle positioning device (2), vehicle wireless signal transceiver and vehicle display device (3) are all electrically connected to the vehicle terminal (1). The airborne terminal (5) and the airborne wireless signal transceiver (42) are installed on the aircraft, and the airborne terminal (5) and the airborne wireless signal transceiver (42) are electrically connected to the aircraft positioning device (10) and the aircraft cockpit information display device (11). The ground station wireless signal transceiver (43) is connected to the server (7) through the Internet module (12); The vehicle-mounted wireless signal transceiver (41), the airborne wireless signal transceiver (42), and the ground station wireless signal transceiver (43) transmit and receive signals through the data link (8); the server (7) is electrically connected to the monitoring center (9).

3. The anti-collision method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vehicle-mounted wireless signal transceiver (41), airborne wireless signal transceiver (42), and ground station wireless signal transceiver (43) all adopt the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) transceiver module. The vehicle-mounted wireless signal transceiver (41), airborne wireless signal transceiver (42), and ground station wireless signal transceiver (43) transmit and receive signals via the 1090ES data link.

4. The anti-collision method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The vehicle-mounted positioning device (2) uses a GPS receiver, the aircraft positioning device (10) uses an airborne satellite data receiving device, and the location information sent out by the vehicle-mounted wireless signal transceiver (41) and the airborne wireless signal transceiver (42) comes from the satellite navigation system.

5. The anti-collision method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The vehicle terminal (1) has a vehicle voice alarm module (161), the airborne terminal (5) is equipped with an airborne voice alarm module (162), and the monitoring center (9) is equipped with a monitoring center display device (13). The monitoring center display device (13) adopts an LED touch screen and is equipped with a monitoring center voice alarm module (14).

6. The anti-collision method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In addition to the target database, the vehicle terminal (1) also stores vehicle tags (15), which are the tag information of the vehicle itself. The tag information includes its own identification information and classification number. The airborne terminal (5) also stores an airborne tag and the identification information of the aircraft stored inside the airborne tag. The aircraft cockpit information display device (11) displays the information of the airborne tag (17) and the received target information. The aircraft identification information includes: aircraft model, fuselage length, fuselage height, wingspan, maximum height above the ground of the farthest boundary point of both wings, minimum height above the ground of the outer wing of the engine, maximum height above the ground of the fuselage, minimum height above the ground of the fuselage, distance between the outer wing of the engine and the farthest boundary point of the wing, and horizontal distance between the maximum and minimum height points of the fuselage above the ground.

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