Five-axis numerical control machine tool

Abstract

The application discloses a five-axis numerical control machine tool, which comprises a rack, a spindle mechanism, a workbench and a discharging mechanism; the rack is sequentially provided with a feeding area, a machining area and a discharging area along the Y-axis direction; the spindle mechanism is installed in the machining area and drives a cutter to perform four-axis movement; the discharging mechanism is installed in the discharging area; the workbench is installed on the rack and conveys a blank hoisted to the feeding area to the machining area and performs five-axis machining on the blank by cooperating with the spindle mechanism; after the blank is machined into a workpiece, the workbench is suitable for conveying the workpiece to the discharging area and lifting the workpiece out of the rack to the outside of the rack by the discharging mechanism. The application has the beneficial effects that the four-axis machining is integrated in the spindle mechanism, the workbench is taken as a conveying mechanism of the blank, and the feeding of the large blank is facilitated. By arranging the discharging mechanism, the workpiece obtained by machining can be directly conveyed to the outside of the rack, so that the interference of the rack on the hoisting work can be avoided, and the discharging of the workpiece is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of CNC machine tool technology, and in particular to a five-axis CNC machine tool. Background Technology

[0002] A five-axis CNC machine tool is a high-precision machine tool specifically designed for machining complex curved surfaces. The five axes of a five-axis CNC machine tool represent linear motion along the X, Y, and Z axes, and rotation about any two of these axes. Existing five-axis CNC machine tools mainly suffer from the following problems when machining parts:

[0003] (1) For large five-axis CNC machine tools, the size of the parts limits the installation accuracy and structural stability of the spindle mechanism, which in turn affects the machining accuracy of the parts.

[0004] (2) Due to the frame structure, it is difficult to hoist and load large parts and unload them after processing. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One of the objectives of this application is to provide a five-axis CNC machine tool that can solve at least one of the problems in the above-mentioned background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows: a five-axis CNC machine tool, comprising a frame, a spindle mechanism, a worktable, and a blanking mechanism; the frame is sequentially provided with a loading area, a machining area, and a blanking area along the Y-axis direction; the spindle mechanism is installed in the machining area and is adapted to drive the cutting tool to perform four-axis motion; the blanking mechanism is installed in the blanking area; the worktable is installed on the frame and is adapted to transport the blank hoisted to the loading area to the machining area, and to realize five-axis machining of the blank through cooperation with the spindle mechanism; after the blank is machined into a workpiece, the worktable is adapted to transport the workpiece to the blanking area, and then the blanking mechanism lifts the workpiece to the outside of the frame for hoisting and blanking.

[0007] Preferably, a safety door is installed on one side of the loading area of ​​the frame. The safety door includes a fixed door and multiple movable doors of progressively larger size. The fixed door is fixedly installed at one end of the corresponding side of the frame, and the movable doors are slidably installed on the corresponding side of the frame. When loading is required, the movable doors are adapted to slide towards the fixed door and overlap in sequence, thereby facilitating the hoisting and loading of the billet.

[0008] Preferably, the movable door is L-shaped, with one end of the movable door slidingly engaging with the bottom of the frame on the corresponding side, and the other end of the movable door slidingly engaging with the top of the frame on the other side; thus, when the movable door overlaps with the fixed door, one side and the top of the frame corresponding to the feeding area are opened, thereby facilitating the hoisting of the billet.

[0009] Preferably, the spindle mechanism and the frame are slidably connected through a balancing structure. The frame is also equipped with a first displacement device in the processing area. The first displacement device is connected to the spindle mechanism so that the spindle mechanism moves along the X-axis direction under the drive of the first displacement device through the balancing structure.

[0010] Preferably, the balancing structure includes at least three first slide rails and three first guide seats; wherein at least two of the first slide rails are fixed at intervals to a first plane perpendicular to the Y-axis of the frame, and at least one of the first slide rails is fixed to a second plane perpendicular to the Z-axis of the frame, and the first slide rail located on the second plane is higher than the first slide rail located on the first plane in the Z-axis direction; the first guide seats are fixed to the spindle mechanism and are slidably connected to the corresponding first slide rails; or, wherein at least two of the first guide seats are fixed at intervals to a first plane perpendicular to the Y-axis of the frame, and at least one of the first guide seats is fixed to a second plane perpendicular to the Z-axis of the frame, and the first guide seat located on the second plane is higher than the first guide seat located on the first plane in the Z-axis direction; the first slide rails are fixed to the spindle mechanism and are slidably connected to the corresponding first guide seats.

[0011] Preferably, the spindle mechanism includes a support base, a first connecting base, and a mounting portion; the spindle mechanism is adapted to be connected to the frame and the first displacement device via the support base, and a second displacement device is also mounted on the support base; the first connecting base is slidably mounted on the support base along the Z-axis and connected to the second displacement device, so that the first connecting base moves along the Z-axis under the drive of the second displacement device; the mounting portion is used to mount the cutting tool and is connected to the bottom of the first connecting base, and the mounting portion is adapted to drive the cutting tool to rotate at any angle in space.

[0012] Preferably, the mounting part includes a second connecting seat and a mounting seat; the bottom of the second connecting seat and the first connecting seat are rotatably connected by a first rotating device; the cutter is mounted on the mounting seat, and the mounting seat and the second connecting seat are rotatably connected by a second rotating device; wherein the rotation axes of the first rotating device and the second rotating device are perpendicular to each other, and the rotation axis of the first rotating device is parallel to the Z-axis.

[0013] Preferably, the cross-section of the support base along the Z-axis is U-shaped, so that the support base includes a first side disposed opposite to each other and a separate second side; both the first side and the second side of the support base are provided with at least one second guide seat parallel to the Z-axis, and the corresponding side of the first connecting base is slidably connected to the second guide seat by providing a second slide rail; or, both the first side and the second side of the support base are provided with at least one second slide rail parallel to the Z-axis, and the corresponding side of the first connecting base is slidably connected to the second slide rail by providing a second guide seat.

[0014] Preferably, the relative distance between the first sides of the support is greater than the distance between the corresponding two sides of the first connecting seat; one of the first sides of the support is connected to the corresponding second guide seat or the second slide rail through an adjustment structure, so that the installation gap between the first connecting seat and the support is adjusted by the adjustment structure during the installation of the first connecting seat on the support.

[0015] Preferably, the adjustment structure includes multiple pairs of adjustment blocks evenly distributed along the Z-axis; the two adjustment blocks in each pair are wedge-shaped engaged, and the installation position of the corresponding second guide seat or second slide rail is adjusted by adjusting the engagement length of the two adjustment blocks in each pair.

[0016] Preferably, the upper surface of the worktable is provided with a placement groove extending along the Y-axis; the unloading mechanism is partially located in the placement groove, and the unloading mechanism includes a pull plate, a lifting plate, and a drive plate arranged sequentially along the Z-axis; the pull plate and the lifting plate are slidably engaged, the lifting plate and the drive plate are engaged through a lifting structure, and the drive plate and the frame are elastically slidably engaged; when the worktable moves between the loading area and the processing area, the upper surface of the pull plate located at the top is flush with or lower than the upper surface of the worktable; when the worktable conveys the workpiece to the unloading area, the drive plate is adapted to lift the lifting plate and the pull plate in the Z-axis direction under the pressure of the worktable through the lifting structure until the pull plate is higher than the upper surface of the worktable, so that the pull plate lifts the workpiece to detach it from the worktable, and then the workpiece is conveyed to the outside of the frame for hoisting and unloading by pulling the pull plate along the sliding of the lifting plate.

[0017] Preferably, there are multiple placement slots, which are spaced apart along the X-axis on the worktable; multiple top plates are provided on one side of the pull plate, multiple sliding plates are provided on one side of the lifting plate, and multiple support plates are provided on one side of the drive plate; the top plates, the sliding plates, and the support plates all cooperate with the corresponding placement slots; when unloading, the drive plate lifts the sliding plates and the top plates together with the workpiece through the support plates.

[0018] Preferably, the frame is fixed with a fixing plate on the side of the unloading mechanism away from the worktable; the fixing plate includes a support plate extending along the Y-axis and a guide plate extending along the Z-axis, the drive plate and the support plate are slidably engaged, and one side of the pull plate and the lifting plate is limitedly engaged with the guide plate; a plurality of mounting cavities are spaced apart between the sliding plate and the support plate along the Y-axis; the lifting structure includes a plurality of hinge plates, the hinge plates are correspondingly installed in the mounting cavities, and the two ends of the hinge plates are respectively hinged to the sliding plate and the support plate; when the worktable is in the... When the loading area and the processing area move, the hinge plate is in an inclined state so that the sliding plate is in contact with the upper end face of the support plate; when the worktable moves the workpiece to the unloading area, the drive plate moves the support plate under the pressure of the worktable; during this process, the degree of freedom of the lifting plate along the Z-axis is restricted by the guide plate, and then the hinge plate drives the sliding plate and the top plate together with the workpiece to be lifted along the Z-axis by deflecting to be parallel to the Z-axis. At this time, the side of the hinge plate away from the fixed plate abuts against the side wall of the mounting cavity.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0020] (1) By integrating the four-axis machining in a traditional five-axis CNC machine tool into the spindle mechanism, the worktable can be transformed into a blank conveying mechanism to facilitate the loading of large parts.

[0021] (2) By setting up a feeding mechanism, the processed workpieces can be directly transported to the outside of the frame, thereby avoiding interference of the frame with the hoisting work and facilitating the feeding of the workpieces. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is an axonometric view of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a top-view structural diagram of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the safety door structure in this invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is an axonometric view of the overall structure of the safety door when it is open in this invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the spindle mechanism in this invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the mounting base and the second connecting base in this invention.

[0028] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the AA direction.

[0029] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 A magnified view of part B in the middle.

[0030] Figure 9 This is a partial structural diagram of the connection between the support base and the frame in this invention.

[0031] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the workbench and the unloading mechanism in this invention.

[0032] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the workbench structure in this invention.

[0033] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing the disassembled state of the feeding mechanism in this invention.

[0034] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the working state of the feeding mechanism and the worktable cooperating to feed materials in this invention.

[0035] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the state of a part of the material feeding mechanism during material feeding in this invention.

[0036] Figure 15 This is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the structure of the feeding mechanism in this invention during the feeding process.

[0037] In the diagram: Frame 100, Loading area 101, Processing area 102, Unloading area 103, First slide rail 110, Spindle mechanism 2, Support seat 21, First guide seat 211, Second guide seat 212, First connecting seat 22, Second slide rail 221, Second connecting seat 23, Mounting seat 24, Adjusting block 25, Workbench 3, Placement slot 300, First displacement device 400, Safety door 5, Fixed door 51, Movable door 52, Unloading mechanism 6, Pull plate 61, Top plate 611, Lifting plate 62, Sliding plate 621, Mounting cavity 623, Drive plate 63, Support plate 631, Abutment plate 632, Fixed plate 64, Support plate 641, Guide plate 642, Hinge plate 65, Second displacement device 700, Third displacement device 800, Workpiece 900. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present application will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.

[0039] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the directional terms such as "center", "lateral", "longitudinal", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", and "counterclockwise" indicate the orientation and positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. They should not be construed as limiting the specific protection scope of this application.

[0040] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0041] One preferred embodiment of this application, such as Figure 1 and Figure 15 As shown, a five-axis CNC machine tool includes a frame 100, a spindle mechanism 2, a worktable 3, and a unloading mechanism 6. The frame 100 is sequentially arranged with a loading area 101, a machining area 102, and an unloading area 103 along the Y-axis. The spindle mechanism 2 is mounted in the machining area 102 and can drive the cutting tool to perform four-axis motion. The worktable 3 is mounted at the bottom of the frame 100 and can move along the Y-axis, allowing it to transport the blank hoisted to the loading area 101 to the machining area 102, and to perform five-axis machining of the blank in cooperation with the spindle mechanism 2. The unloading mechanism 6 is mounted in the unloading area 103; after the blank is machined into a workpiece 900, the worktable 3 can transport the workpiece 900 to the unloading area 103, and then the unloading mechanism 6 can lift the workpiece 900 to the outside of the frame 100 for unloading.

[0042] It should be noted that when machining large parts, hoisting is generally used for loading and unloading. Furthermore, the loading position of the blank and the unloading position of the finished workpiece are different in the process design, thus avoiding interference between the loading and unloading processes and improving the machining efficiency of large parts.

[0043] In traditional five-axis CNC machine tools, the spindle mechanism 2 can generally only drive the tool to move in the X, Y, and Z axes. For rotary machining, a rotary table is usually integrated on the worktable 3. That is, when machining a workpiece, the blank is fixed on the rotary table, and the five-axis machining of the blank is achieved by rotating the rotary table and moving the spindle mechanism 2. However, when machining large parts, the immobility of the worktable 3 makes it difficult to load the blank onto the rotary table, and the rotary table also interferes with the subsequent workpiece unloading process.

[0044] In this embodiment, by integrating the four-axis machining function of a traditional five-axis CNC machine tool onto the spindle mechanism 2, the worktable 3 can be transformed into a conveying mechanism for the blank and workpiece 900. This facilitates blank loading while avoiding interference with workpiece unloading. Furthermore, by setting up the unloading mechanism 6, the workpiece 900 can be lifted from the worktable 3 and moved to the outside of the frame 100, thereby avoiding interference of the frame 100 with the hoisting equipment and facilitating workpiece unloading.

[0045] In this embodiment, as Figure 10 As shown, a third displacement device 800 spanning the loading area 101, processing area 102, and unloading area 103 is installed at the bottom of the frame 100. The worktable 3 is installed at the bottom of the frame 100 and connected to the third displacement device 800, so that the worktable 3 can be moved to the loading area 101, processing area 102, and unloading area 103 respectively under the drive of the third displacement device 800.

[0046] One embodiment of this application, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a safety door 5 is installed on one side of the loading area 101 of the frame 100. The safety door 5 includes a fixed door 51 and multiple movable doors 52 of progressively larger size. The fixed door 51 is fixedly installed at one end of the corresponding side of the frame 100, and the movable doors 52 are slidably installed on the corresponding sides of the frame 100. When loading is required, the movable doors 52 can slide towards the fixed door 51 and stack on top of each other, thereby facilitating the hoisting and loading of the billet.

[0047] Understandably, for the processing of large parts, due to the larger size of the blank, the opening range of the safety door 5 needs to be greater during loading. By improving the traditional single-leaf or double-leaf safety door to include a fixed door 51 and multiple movable doors 52 of different sizes, the multiple movable doors 52 can be stacked in the position of the fixed door 51 to achieve the maximum opening range of the safety door 5. The specific number of movable doors 52 can be selected according to actual needs, for example... Figure 3As shown, there are three movable doors 52; therefore, in this embodiment, the maximum opening range of the safety door 5 can be 75% of the loading area 101; while the opening range of traditional single-leaf and double-leaf safety doors is generally 50% of the loading area 101.

[0048] In this embodiment, as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the movable door 52 is L-shaped. One end of the movable door 52 is slidably engaged with the bottom of the corresponding side of the frame 100, and the other end of the movable door 52 is slidably engaged with the top of the other side of the frame 100. When the movable door 52 is stacked on the position of the fixed door 51, one side and the top of the frame 100 corresponding to the loading area 101 are opened, which facilitates the hoisting of the billet.

[0049] Understandably, given the processing technology of large parts, the blanks need to be hoisted and loaded. Therefore, to facilitate hoisting the blanks to the center of the worktable 3, the hoisting equipment needs to be moved directly above the loading area 101. However, in traditional five-axis CNC machine tools, the frame structure at the top of the loading area 101 can interfere with the cables of the hoisting equipment. In this embodiment, by opening the L-shaped movable door 52, the top of the loading area 101 can be fully opened, allowing the hoisting equipment to directly place the hoisted blanks onto the worktable 3, which has been moved to the loading area 101, along the opened safety door 5.

[0050] One embodiment of this application, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, a first displacement device 400 is mounted on the frame 100 in the processing area 102, and the driving direction of the first displacement device 400 is parallel to the X-axis. The spindle mechanism 2 includes a support base 21, a first connecting base 22, and a mounting part. The spindle mechanism 2 can be connected to the frame 100 via the support base 21 through a balancing structure. The support base 21 can also be connected to the first displacement device 400, so that the support base 21 can drive the spindle mechanism 2 to move along the X-axis direction through the balancing structure under the drive of the first displacement device 400. A second displacement device 700 is also mounted on the support base 21, and the driving direction of the second displacement device 700 is parallel to the Z-axis. The first connecting base 22 is slidably mounted on the support base 21 along the Z-axis direction and connected to the second displacement device 700, so that the first connecting base 22 moves along the Z-axis under the drive of the second displacement device 700. The mounting part is used to mount the cutting tool and is connected to the bottom of the first connecting base 22. The mounting part can drive the cutting tool to rotate at any angle in space.

[0051] Specifically, when machining the blank along the Y-axis, the spindle mechanism 2 remains stationary, and the worktable 3 can move the blank relative to the spindle mechanism 2 along the Y-axis. The spindle mechanism 2 can then machine the blank along the Y-axis using the mounted tool. When machining the blank along the X-axis, the worktable 3 remains stationary, and the first displacement device 400 can drive the support base 21 to move the entire spindle mechanism 2 along the X-axis. The spindle mechanism 2 can then machine the blank along the X-axis using the mounted tool. When machining the blank along the Z-axis, the worktable 3 remains stationary, and the second displacement device 400 can drive the first connecting seat 22 to move along the support base 21 along the Z-axis. The first connecting seat 22 can then machine the blank along the Z-axis using the tool mounted on the mounting part.

[0052] In this embodiment, as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the mounting section includes a second connecting seat 23 and a mounting seat 24. The bottoms of the second connecting seat 23 and the first connecting seat 22 are rotatably connected by a first rotating device; the tool is mounted on the mounting seat 24, and the mounting seat 24 and the second connecting seat 23 are rotatably connected by the second rotating device. The rotation axes of the first rotating device and the second rotating device are perpendicular to each other, and the rotation axis of the first rotating device is parallel to the Z-axis.

[0053] It is understandable that, since the rotation axis of the first rotating device is parallel to the Z-axis, the rotation of the first rotating device can drive the second connecting seat 23 to any position in the circumferential direction. Thus, the mounting seat 24 can rotate around the X-axis, Y-axis, and any angle axis between the X-axis and Y-axis through the second rotating device, thereby driving the tool to any position in space.

[0054] Specifically, when the blank needs to be rotated around the Z-axis, the worktable 3 remains stationary. The first rotating device drives the second connecting seat 23 to rotate the mounting part around the Z-axis, allowing the mounting part to perform rotational machining of the blank around the Z-axis using the mounted tool. When the blank needs to be rotated around the X-axis, the worktable 3 remains stationary. The first rotating device drives the second connecting seat 23 to rotate the entire mounting part around the Z-axis until the rotation axis of the second rotating device is parallel to the X-axis. Then, the second rotating device drives the mounting seat 24 to rotate around the X-axis, allowing the mounting seat 24 to perform rotational machining of the blank around the X-axis using the mounted tool. When the blank needs to be rotated around the Y-axis, the worktable 3 remains stationary. The first rotating device drives the second connecting seat 23 to rotate the entire mounting part around the Z-axis until the rotation axis of the second rotating device is parallel to the Y-axis. Then, the second rotating device drives the mounting seat 24 to rotate around the Y-axis, allowing the mounting seat 24 to perform rotational machining of the blank around the Y-axis using the mounted tool. When it is necessary to perform rotational machining on the blank around any axis W in the X-axis and Y-axis planes, the worktable 3 remains stationary. The first rotating device can drive the second connecting seat 23 to rotate the entire mounting part around the Z-axis until the rotation axis of the second rotating device is parallel to the axis W. Then, the second rotating device can drive the mounting seat 24 to rotate around the axis W, and the mounting seat 24 can then perform rotational machining on the blank around the axis W using the mounted tool.

[0055] In this application, the first displacement device 400, the second displacement device 700, and the third displacement device 800 are all conventional technologies for those skilled in the art, commonly including linear motors, linear cylinders, and linear hydraulic cylinders. The first and second rotating devices are also conventional technologies for those skilled in the art, commonly including motors, rotary cylinders, and rotary hydraulic cylinders.

[0056] In this embodiment, as Figure 5 and Figure 9 As shown, the balancing structure includes at least three first slide rails 110 and three first guide seats 211. The specific configuration of the balancing structure includes, but is not limited to, the following two methods.

[0057] Setting method 1: As shown in the example Figure 9 As shown, at least two first slide rails 110 are fixed at intervals to a first plane of the frame 100 perpendicular to the Y-axis, and at least one first slide rail 110 is fixed to a second plane of the frame 100 perpendicular to the Z-axis. The first slide rail 110 located on the second plane is higher than the first slide rail 110 located on the first plane in the Z-axis direction. The first guide seat 211 is fixed to the main spindle mechanism 2 and is slidably connected to the corresponding first slide rail 110.

[0058] Configuration Method 2: At least two first guide seats 211 are fixed at intervals to a first plane perpendicular to the Y-axis of the frame 100, and at least one first guide seat 211 is fixed to a second plane perpendicular to the Z-axis of the frame 100. The first guide seat 211 located on the second plane is higher than the first guide seat 211 located on the first plane in the Z-axis direction. The first slide rail 110 is fixed to the main spindle mechanism 2 and is slidably connected to the corresponding first guide seat 211.

[0059] It is understandable that the specific number of the first slide rail 110 and the first guide seat 211 included in the balancing structure can be selected according to actual needs, with a minimum of three, for example... Figure 9 As shown, in this embodiment, the number of the first slide rail 111 and the first guide seat 211 is preferably three.

[0060] For ease of description, each pair of cooperating first slide rails 110 and first guide seats 211 can be defined as a balance substructure; in this embodiment, along the Y-axis from low to high, they can be defined as the first balance substructure, the second balance substructure, and the third balance substructure.

[0061] In the traditional mounting structure of the spindle mechanism 2, it generally only includes a first balancing substructure and a second balancing substructure; the mounting surfaces of both the first and second balancing substructures are perpendicular to the Y-axis direction. However, for large five-axis CNC machine tools that process large parts, the weight of the spindle mechanism 2 is relatively heavy. Because the balancing substructure is located on the side of the support 21, the spindle mechanism 2 can generate an eccentric torque through its own weight. Figure 9 For example, the direction of the eccentric torque is counterclockwise, which leads to uneven force distribution between the first and second balancing substructures. Generally, when the spindle mechanism 2 is not working, the first balancing substructure experiences a larger force, while the second balancing substructure experiences a smaller force; that is, the spindle mechanism 2 tends to rotate counterclockwise with the first balancing substructure as the fulcrum. However, when the spindle mechanism 2 is performing machining, the first balancing substructure experiences a smaller force, while the second balancing substructure experiences a larger force; that is, the spindle mechanism 2 tends to rotate clockwise with the second balancing substructure as the fulcrum.

[0062] In this embodiment, a third balancing substructure is added. The installation position of the third balancing substructure is higher than that of the first and second balancing substructures, and the mounting surface of the third balancing substructure is perpendicular to the mounting surfaces of the first and second balancing substructures. Therefore, when the spindle mechanism 2 is not operating, the third balancing substructure can generate a tensile force parallel to the Y-axis. This tensile force forms a clockwise tensile torque with the first balancing substructure as the fulcrum. This tensile torque can be balanced with the gravitational torque of the spindle mechanism 2 itself, ensuring the installation accuracy of the spindle mechanism 2. When the spindle mechanism 2 is performing cutting operations, the third balancing substructure can also generate a supporting force parallel to the Y-axis. This supporting force forms a counterclockwise supporting torque with the second balancing substructure as the fulcrum. This supporting torque can be balanced with the cutting resistance torque of the spindle mechanism 2.

[0063] It is understandable that in large five-axis CNC machine tools, since the gravitational torque of the spindle mechanism 2 is much greater than the resistance torque of the spindle mechanism 2 during operation, the third balance substructure can be farther away from the first balance substructure and closer to the second balance substructure.

[0064] In this embodiment, as Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, the cross-section of the support base 21 along the Z-axis is U-shaped, so that the support base 21 includes a first side disposed opposite to each other and a separate second side. The connection between the support base 21 and the first connecting seat 22 can be, but is not limited to, the following two methods.

[0065] Connection method 1: such as Figure 7 As shown, at least one second guide seat 212 parallel to the Z-axis is provided on the first and second sides of the support seat 21. The corresponding side of the first connecting seat 22 is slidably connected to the second guide seat 212 by providing a second slide rail 221.

[0066] Connection method 2: The first and second sides of the support base 21 are each provided with at least one second slide rail 221 parallel to the Z-axis. Then, the corresponding side of the first connecting base 22 is slidably connected to the second slide rail 221 by providing a second guide seat 212.

[0067] It should be understood that, generally speaking, when installing the spindle mechanism 2, the dimensions of the spindle mechanism 2 need to meet specific assembly tolerance requirements with the dimensions of the corresponding installation position of the support 21. However, in large five-axis CNC machine tools, due to the large overall size and weight of the spindle mechanism 2, it is usually assembled by hoisting, which makes it difficult to install the spindle mechanism 2 according to specific assembly tolerances. For the sake of convenience in the following description, the following content will use the connection method one described above as an example.

[0068] Therefore, in order to facilitate the installation of the spindle mechanism 2 of a large five-axis CNC machine tool, in this embodiment, as follows... Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the relative distance between the first sides of the support 21 is designed to be greater than the spacing between the corresponding two sides of the first connecting seat 22. One of the first sides of the support 21 is connected to the corresponding second guide seat 212 through an adjustment structure, so that during the installation of the first connecting seat 22 on the support 21, the installation gap between the first connecting seat 22 and the support 21 can be adjusted by the adjustment structure.

[0069] Understandably, when installing the spindle mechanism 2, since the support base 21 has only one second side, the first connecting base 22 has sufficient installation freedom when connecting to the second side of the support base 21. Therefore, the main difficulty in installing the spindle mechanism 2 lies in the connection between the first connecting base 22 and the first side of the support base 21. Thus, the spacing on the first side of the support base 21 needs to be designed to be relatively large, ensuring that the first connecting base 22 can be installed with considerable freedom in both the first and second sides of the support base 21. Furthermore, after the initial rough installation of the first connecting base 22, the gap between the first connecting base 22 and the support base 21 can be adjusted promptly by adjusting the structure, thereby facilitating the installation of the spindle mechanism 2 while effectively ensuring its installation accuracy.

[0070] In this embodiment, as Figure 8 As shown, the adjustment structure includes multiple pairs of adjustment blocks 25 evenly distributed along the Z-axis. The two adjustment blocks 25 in each pair are wedge-shaped, and the installation position of the corresponding second guide seat 212 is adjusted by adjusting the mating length of the two adjustment blocks 25 in each pair.

[0071] Specifically, such as Figure 8 As shown, let the included angle of the wedge surface of the adjusting block 25 be α, and the length of the adjusting block 25 be L; then the adjustment range of the gap between the two adjusting blocks 25 in each pair is 0-Ltanα. Generally, the included angle α is 5-10°, and the length of the adjusting plate 25 is 120-200mm.

[0072] Understandably, the specific installation process of the first connecting seat 22 in the spindle mechanism 2 is as follows: Initially, the second guide seat 212 is installed on one of the first and second sides of the support seat 21, while the second guide seat 212 is not installed on the other first side. Therefore, when hoisting the first connecting seat 22 directly above the support seat 21, it is only necessary to align the second slide rails 221 on both sides of the first connecting seat 22 with the corresponding second guide seats 212 installed on the support seat 21. Then, by releasing the first connecting seat 22 downwards to the specific installation position, the first connecting seat 22 is kept stationary. Subsequently, the uninstalled second guide seat 212 and the corresponding second slide rail 221 on the first connecting seat 22 are installed to specific positions. Then, multiple pairs of evenly distributed adjusting blocks 25 are placed between the second guide seat 212 and the first side of the support seat 21, and the positions of the two adjusting blocks 25 in each pair are adjusted to ensure that the two adjusting blocks 25 in each pair are tightly abutting against the second guide seat 212 and the first side of the support seat 21 respectively. Finally, the second guide seat 212 and the first side of the support seat 21 are fixed by bolts passing through the adjusting blocks 25.

[0073] One embodiment of this application, such as Figures 10 to 15 As shown, the upper surface of the worktable 3 is provided with a placement groove 300 extending along the Y-axis. The unloading mechanism 6 is partially located within the placement groove 300. The unloading mechanism 6 includes a pull plate 61, a lifting plate 62, and a drive plate 63 arranged sequentially along the Z-axis. The pull plate 61 and the lifting plate 62 are in sliding engagement, the lifting plate 62 and the drive plate 63 are engaged through a lifting structure, and the drive plate 63 and the frame 100 are in elastic sliding engagement. When the worktable 3 moves between the loading area 101 and the processing area 102, the pull plate 61, the lifting plate 62, and the drive plate 63 can all slide along the placement groove 300. The upper surface of the uppermost pull plate 61 is flush with or lower than the upper surface of the worktable 3 to avoid interference between the pull plate 61 and the blank or workpiece 900 during the movement of the worktable 3. When the workbench 3 transports the workpiece 900 to the unloading area 103, the drive plate 63 can lift the lifting plate 62 and the pull plate 61 along the Z-axis direction under the pressure of the workbench 3 through the lifting structure until the pull plate 61 is higher than the upper surface of the workbench 3, so that the pull plate 61 lifts the workpiece 900 to get off the workbench 3. Then, by pulling the pull plate 61 along the sliding of the lifting plate 62, the workpiece 900 is transported to the outside of the frame 100 for hoisting and unloading.

[0074] Understandably, in order to ensure the stability of the structure of the pull plate 61, the lifting plate 62 and the drive plate 63, the two ends of the pull plate 61, the lifting plate 62 and the drive plate 63 can be supported and slidably engaged with the frame 100 and the worktable 3 respectively.

[0075] In this embodiment, as Figures 11 to 15As shown, there are multiple placement slots 300, which are spaced apart along the X-axis on the worktable 3. Multiple top plates 611 are provided on one side of the pull plate 61, multiple sliding plates 621 are provided on one side of the lifting plate 62, and multiple support plates 631 are provided on one side of the drive plate 63. The top plates 611, sliding plates 621, and support plates 631 all cooperate with their corresponding placement slots 300. When unloading, the drive plate 63 lifts the sliding plates 621 and top plates 611 along with the workpiece 900 via the support plates 631.

[0076] It should be understood that multiple connecting slots for connecting bolts are required on the worktable 3 to fix the blank. Therefore, a wide placement slot 300 cannot be provided on the worktable 3. At the same time, to ensure sufficient support strength for the unloading mechanism 6, multiple narrow placement slots 300 can be provided on the worktable 3. Additionally, multiple top plates 611, sliding plates 621, and support plates 631 are respectively provided on one side of the pull plate 61, lifting plate 62, and drive plate 63 to cooperate with the corresponding placement slots 300. For example... Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, there are four placement slots 300, and therefore four corresponding top plates 611, sliding plates 621, and support plates 631. Thus, when the top plate 611 moves the workpiece 900 to the outside of the frame 100, the four top plates 611 divide the weight of the workpiece 900 into four equal parts. Simultaneously, each top plate 611 is supported by its corresponding sliding plate 621 and support plate 631, ensuring that the unloading mechanism 6 has sufficient support strength to support the workpiece 900.

[0077] In this embodiment, as Figures 12 to 15 As shown, a fixing plate 64 is fixed to the side of the unloading mechanism 6 away from the worktable 3 on the frame 100. The fixing plate 64 includes a support plate 641 extending along the Y-axis and a guide plate 642 extending along the Z-axis. The drive plate 63 can slide with the support plate 641, and one side of the pull plate 61 and the lifting plate 62 can be limited with the guide plate 642. Multiple mounting cavities 623 are spaced apart between the sliding plate 621 and the support plate 631 along the Y-axis. The lifting structure includes multiple hinge plates 65, which are installed in the mounting cavities 623 respectively. The two ends of the hinge plates 65 are hinged to the sliding plate 621 and the support plate 631 respectively.

[0078] When the worktable 3 moves between the loading area 101 and the processing area 102, the hinge plate 65 is tilted so that the sliding plate 621 is in contact with the upper surface of the support plate 631. When the worktable 3 moves the workpiece 900 to the unloading area 103, the drive plate 63 moves the support plate 631 under the pressure of the worktable 3. During this process, the degree of freedom of the lifting plate 62 along the Z-axis is restricted by the guide plate 642, and then the hinge plate 65 deflects to be parallel to the Z-axis to drive the sliding plate 621 and the top plate 611 together with the workpiece 900 to be lifted along the Z-axis. At this time, the side of the hinge plate 65 away from the fixed plate 64 abuts against the side wall of the mounting cavity 623.

[0079] Understandably, the drive plate 63 can be pressed against the end of the worktable 3 via the backing plate 632. Since the hinge plate 65 only connects the sliding plate 621 and the support plate 631, the guide plate 642 only needs to restrict the Y-axis degree of freedom of the lifting plate 62. However, to prevent the pull plate 61 from moving freely and hitting the frame 100 during the lifting of the workpiece 900 and the movement of the worktable 3, the Y-axis degree of freedom of the pull plate 61 can also be restricted by the guide plate 642 during the movement of the worktable 3. Thus, during the lifting of the workpiece 900, the pull plate 61 can only rise along the Z-axis to its limit position with the lifting plate 62. At this time, the guide plate 642 can release the restriction on the Y-axis degree of freedom of the pull plate 61, thereby facilitating the pull plate 61 to pull the workpiece 900 to the outside of the frame 100.

[0080] It is also understandable that, in order to ensure that the lifting structure has sufficient support strength for the workpiece 900, the hinge plate 65 can only be driven to deflect parallel to the Z-axis before the pull plate 61 can be pulled. At this time, in the direction of gravity of the workpiece 900, i.e., the Z-axis direction, the hinge plate 65 is exactly at its dead point position. And in the operation of the pull plate 61 pulling the workpiece 900, with Figure 15 For example, the rotational freedom of the hinge plate 65 in the counterclockwise direction is restricted by the side wall of the mounting cavity 623, and the rotational freedom of the hinge plate 65 in the clockwise direction is restricted by the guide plate 642, so that the lifting structure has sufficient structural stability and support strength to lift the workpiece 900.

[0081] In this embodiment, the drive plate 63 and the fixed plate 64 or the frame 100 can be elastically connected by springs; at the same time, some or all of the hinge plates 65 and the corresponding support plates 63 can also be connected by springs. Thus, after the unloading mechanism 6 completes the unloading of the workpiece 900, the drive plate 63 can automatically reset under the spring force, thereby ensuring that the hinge plates 65 also reset under the spring force, so as to avoid the pull plate 61 lifting up and affecting the subsequent processing of the next workpiece 900.

[0082] To facilitate understanding, the specific working process of the feeding mechanism 6 can be described below.

[0083] (1) When the workbench 3 is loading and processing the blank, the unloading mechanism 6 remains stationary. At this time, the pull plate 61 and the lifting plate 62 are both against the guide plate 642, there is a certain gap between the drive plate 63 and the guide plate 642, and the drive plate 63 and the lifting plate 62 are in close contact with each other.

[0084] (2) Figure 13 Middle (1) Figure 14 Zhong (1) and Figure 15 As shown in Figure (1), after the blank is processed into workpiece 900, the worktable 3, driven by the third displacement device 800, can move the workpiece 900 to the lower material area 103 until the end of the worktable 3 approaches or just contacts the abutment plate 632 on the back of the drive plate 63. During this process, the hinge plate 65 remains tilted. Subsequently, the fixture fixing the workpiece 900 can be removed manually or mechanically.

[0085] (3) Figure 13 (2) Figure 14 Zhong (2) and Figure 15 As shown in (2), the worktable 3 continues to move towards the lower material area 103, thereby driving the drive plate 63 to move a set distance and compress the corresponding spring. During this process, since the lifting plate 62's freedom of movement in the Y-axis direction is restricted, the hinge plate 65, driven by the support plate 631, can only deflect counterclockwise to be parallel to the Z-axis and stretch the corresponding spring, thereby driving the sliding plate 621 and the top plate 611 to rise a distance T along the guide plate 642. At this time, the distance between the upper end face of the top plate 611 and the upper end face of the worktable 3 is H, 0 < H ≤ T; thus, the workpiece 900 can be lifted by the top plate 611 to a height H, so as to ensure that the workpiece 900 and the worktable 3 are separated. Figure 15 The direction indicated by the dashed arrow in (2) is the direction of movement of the corresponding component.

[0086] (4) Figure 13 As shown in (3), the pull plate 61 can be pulled manually or mechanically so that the top plate 611 slides along the sliding plate 621, and the workpiece 900 is transported from the unloading area 103 to the outside of the frame 100. Then, the processed workpiece 900 can be unloaded by the hoisting equipment.

[0087] (5) After the workpiece is unloaded, the pull plate 61 is pushed back to its initial position. Then, the worktable 3 is moved towards the upper material area 101 by the third displacement device 800. Thus, the drive plate 63 can be reset under the elastic force of the corresponding spring; during the reset process of the drive plate 63, the hinge plate 65 can also be reset under the elastic force of the corresponding spring until the lifting plate 62 is attached to the upper end surface of the drive plate 63.

[0088] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of this application have been described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely the principles of this application. Various changes and modifications can be made to this application without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims. The scope of protection claimed by this application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A five-axis CNC machine tool, characterized in that, include: The frame is provided with a loading area, a processing area and a unloading area arranged sequentially along the Y-axis. A spindle mechanism is installed in the machining area and is adapted to drive the cutting tool to perform four-axis motion. A worktable, mounted on the frame, is adapted to transport a blank hoisted to the loading area to the processing area, and to perform five-axis machining of the blank through cooperation with the spindle mechanism; after the blank is processed into a workpiece, the worktable is adapted to transport the workpiece to the unloading area; and A feeding mechanism is installed in the feeding area; the feeding mechanism is adapted to lift the workpieces conveyed to the feeding area from the workbench to the outside of the frame for hoisting and feeding. The upper surface of the worktable is provided with a placement groove extending along the Y-axis; the unloading mechanism is located in the placement groove, and the unloading mechanism includes a pull plate, a lifting plate, and a drive plate arranged sequentially along the Z-axis; the pull plate and the lifting plate are slidably engaged, the lifting plate and the drive plate are engaged through a lifting structure, and the drive plate and the frame are elastically slidably engaged; when the worktable moves between the loading area and the processing area, the upper surface of the pull plate located at the top is flush with or lower than the upper surface of the worktable; when the worktable conveys the workpiece to the unloading area, the drive plate is adapted to lift the lifting plate and the pull plate in the Z-axis direction under the pressure of the worktable through the lifting structure until the pull plate is higher than the upper surface of the worktable, so that the pull plate lifts the workpiece to detach it from the worktable, and then the workpiece is conveyed to the outside of the frame for hoisting and unloading by pulling the pull plate along the sliding of the lifting plate; The placement slots are multiple and spaced apart along the X-axis on the worktable; one side of the pull plate is provided with multiple top plates, one side of the lifting plate is provided with multiple sliding plates, and one side of the drive plate is provided with multiple support plates; the top plates, sliding plates, and support plates all cooperate with the corresponding placement slots; when unloading, the drive plate lifts the sliding plates and top plates along with the workpiece through the support plates; The frame is fixed with a fixing plate on the side of the unloading mechanism away from the worktable; the fixing plate includes a support plate extending along the Y-axis and a guide plate extending along the Z-axis, the drive plate and the support plate are slidably engaged, and one side of the pull plate and the lifting plate are limitedly engaged with the guide plate; multiple mounting cavities are spaced apart between the sliding plate and the support plate along the Y-axis; the lifting structure includes multiple hinge plates, the hinge plates are correspondingly installed in the mounting cavities, and the two ends of the hinge plates are respectively hinged to the sliding plate and the support plate; when the worktable is on the upper When the material area and the processing area move, the hinge plate is in an inclined state so that the sliding plate is in contact with the upper end face of the support plate; when the worktable moves the workpiece to the unloading area, the drive plate moves the support plate under the pressure of the worktable; during this process, the degree of freedom of the lifting plate along the Y-axis is restricted by the guide plate, and then the hinge plate deflects to be parallel to the Z-axis to drive the sliding plate and the top plate together with the workpiece to be lifted along the Z-axis. At this time, the side of the hinge plate away from the fixed plate abuts against the side wall of the mounting cavity.

2. The five-axis CNC machine tool as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The frame is equipped with a safety door on one side of the loading area. The safety door includes a fixed door and multiple movable doors of progressively larger size. The fixed door is fixedly installed at one end of the corresponding side of the frame, and the movable doors are slidably installed on the corresponding side of the frame. When loading is required, the movable doors are adapted to slide towards the fixed door and overlap in sequence.

3. The five-axis CNC machine tool as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The frame is equipped with a first displacement device in the processing area; the spindle mechanism includes a support base, a first connecting base, and a mounting part; the support base is slidably connected to the frame through a balancing structure, and the support base is also connected to the first displacement device, so that the spindle mechanism moves along the X-axis direction through the balancing structure under the drive of the first displacement device; a second displacement device is also installed on the support base; the first connecting base is slidably installed on the support base along the Z-axis direction and connected to the second displacement device, so that the first connecting base moves along the Z-axis under the drive of the second displacement device; the mounting part is used to install the cutting tool and is connected to the bottom of the first connecting base, and the mounting part is adapted to drive the cutting tool to rotate at any angle in space.

4. The five-axis CNC machine tool as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The mounting part includes a second connecting seat and a mounting seat; the bottom of the second connecting seat and the first connecting seat are rotatably connected by a first rotating device; the cutting tool is mounted on the mounting seat, and the mounting seat and the second connecting seat are rotatably connected by a second rotating device; wherein, the rotation axes of the first rotating device and the second rotating device are perpendicular to each other, and the rotation axis of the first rotating device is parallel to the Z-axis.

5. The five-axis CNC machine tool as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The balancing structure includes at least three first slide rails and three first guide seats; wherein at least two of the first slide rails are fixed at intervals to a first plane perpendicular to the Y-axis of the frame, and at least one of the first slide rails is fixed to a second plane perpendicular to the Z-axis of the frame, and the first slide rail located on the second plane is higher than the first slide rail located on the first plane in the Z-axis direction; the first guide seats are fixed to the main shaft mechanism and are slidably connected to the corresponding first slide rails.

6. The five-axis CNC machine tool as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The cross-section of the support base along the Z-axis is "U" shaped, so that the support base includes a first side arranged opposite to each other and a separate second side; both the first side and the second side of the support base are provided with at least one second guide seat parallel to the Z-axis, and the corresponding side of the first connecting seat is slidably connected to the second guide seat by providing a second slide rail; Wherein, the relative distance between the first sides of the support base is greater than the distance between the corresponding two sides of the first connecting base; one of the first sides of the support base is connected to the corresponding second guide seat through an adjustment structure, so that during the installation of the first connecting seat on the support base, the installation gap between the first connecting seat and the support base is adjusted by the adjustment structure.

7. The five-axis CNC machine tool as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The adjustment structure includes multiple pairs of adjustment blocks evenly distributed along the Z-axis; the two adjustment blocks in each pair are wedge-shaped, and the installation position of the corresponding second guide seat is adjusted by adjusting the mating length of the two adjustment blocks in each pair.

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