A hydraulic tunnel safety monitoring and early warning method, system and electronic equipment

Abstract

The present invention discloses a hydraulic tunnel safety monitoring and early warning method, system, and electronic device. The method comprises: obtaining structural parameters of a hydraulic tunnel concrete structure and using the structural parameters to establish a finite element model of the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure; calibrating the finite element model based on engineering safety monitoring data to generate a calibrated structural analysis model; using the structural analysis model to identify the most unfavorable stress points of all failure conditions in the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure; and establishing an early warning indicator system based on the failure process and numerical relationship of the most unfavorable stress points, thereby providing risk early warning for the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure. The technical solution provided by the present invention solves the problem of the lack of safety early warning indicators for hydraulic tunnel concrete structures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of water conservancy project safety monitoring, and in particular to a hydraulic tunnel safety monitoring and early warning method, system and electronic equipment. Background Art

[0002] Following the establishment of large-scale water conservancy projects such as the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, corresponding safety monitoring methods have emerged. Currently, safety monitoring analysis primarily relies on trend analysis and eigenvalue statistical analysis, lacking clear early warning limits for safety monitoring indicators. This lack of compliance with relevant regulatory requirements and project safety management requirements is unsatisfactory. Hydraulic tunnels have a wide variety of concrete structures, complex structures, and widely varying burial depths. The hydrogeological conditions and environments they traverse are complex and changeable, necessitating the use of mature early warning technologies. Consequently, a scientific research approach has been necessary to address these challenges.

[0003] Research on safety monitoring indicator models and early warning methods has made rapid progress, both in depth and systematically. From single-point models to multi-point and multidimensional models; from classical statistical models to time series analysis models, neural networks, wavelet networks, genetic algorithms, and ant colony algorithms; from large-sample models to small-sample models; and from deterministic models to uncertainty models and interval models, these models have played a significant role in scientifically monitoring and predicting the safety status of hydraulic structures. However, traditional monitoring models are relatively simple and single-function. When prototype monitoring data is scarce or when actual operating experiences are unfavorable, their predictive capabilities over extended timeframes are poor. Consequently, relevant early warning methods and indicator systems remain understudied. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the embodiments of the present invention provide a hydraulic tunnel safety monitoring and early warning method, system, and electronic equipment, thereby improving the comprehensive early warning capability when risks occur in hydraulic tunnels.

[0005] According to a first aspect, a hydraulic tunnel safety monitoring and early warning method comprises:

[0006] The invention relates to a method for obtaining structural parameters of a hydraulic tunnel concrete structure and establishing a finite element model of the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure using the structural parameters; calibrating the finite element model according to engineering safety monitoring data to generate a calibrated structural analysis model; using the structural analysis model to identify the most unfavorable stress points of all destruction conditions of the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure; establishing an early warning indicator system based on the destruction process and numerical relationship of the most unfavorable stress points, and performing risk warning of the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure according to the early warning indicator system, wherein the numerical relationship is a mapping relationship between the most unfavorable stress points and safety monitoring points.

[0007] Optionally, calibrating the finite element model according to the engineering safety monitoring data to generate a calibrated structural analysis model includes: performing a rationality analysis on the engineering safety monitoring data and screening out reasonable data therein; and calibrating the finite element model using the reasonable data to obtain the structural analysis model.

[0008] Optionally, after obtaining the structural analysis model, the method further includes: using the structural analysis model to simulate the target working condition to obtain a simulation result, and correcting the engineering safety monitoring data according to the difference between the simulation result and the unreasonable monitoring data of the target working condition.

[0009] Optionally, the structural analysis model is used to identify the most unfavorable stress points of all destruction conditions of the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure, including: obtaining environmental factors of the location of the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure, the environmental factors are used to limit the external environment of the simulation process; importing preset early warning indicators and the environmental factors into the structural analysis model to obtain an early warning analysis model, the preset early warning indicators are used to standardize the conditions for issuing early warnings; recording the simulated early warning results generated by the early warning analysis model under different working parameter conditions, the working parameters including destruction conditions and loads; and identifying the most unfavorable stress points of all destruction conditions based on the simulated early warning results.

[0010] Optionally, the preset warning indicator is a three-level warning indicator, including: when the degree of deformation of the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure material is that it can be completely restored to its original state, a technical warning is issued; when the degree of deformation of the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure material is that it can be partially restored to its original state, a safety warning is issued; when the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure material undergoes deformation that causes irreversible damage, a safety warning is issued.

[0011] Optionally, the environmental factors include multiple groups of sub-environmental factors. For any group of sub-environmental factors, the early warning indicator system is established based on the destruction process and numerical relationship of the most unfavorable stress point, including: establishing a mapping relationship between the most unfavorable stress point and its nearby safety monitoring points; using the early warning analysis model to simulate the destruction process of the most unfavorable stress point and generate a second simulation result; mapping the second simulation result to the safety monitoring point according to the mapping relationship to generate a three-level early warning result based on the three-level early warning indicator, and using the three-level early warning result as the early warning indicator system.

[0012] Optionally, the destruction conditions include at least a heap loading condition, and establishing the early warning indicator system based on the heap loading condition includes: establishing the early warning indicator system for the heap loading condition based on soil pile height, bolt stress, steel bar stress and concrete strain indicators.

[0013] According to the second aspect, a hydraulic tunnel safety monitoring and early warning system includes: a model building module, which obtains the structural parameters of the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure and uses the structural parameters to establish a finite element model of the hydraulic tunnel; a model calibration module, which calibrates the finite element model according to engineering safety monitoring data to generate a calibrated structural analysis model; a simulation analysis module, which uses the structural analysis model to identify the most unfavorable stress point of all destruction conditions of the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure; an indicator setting module, which establishes an early warning indicator system based on the destruction process and numerical relationship of the most unfavorable stress point, so as to perform risk early warning of the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure according to the early warning indicator system, wherein the numerical relationship is a mapping relationship between the most unfavorable stress point and the safety monitoring point.

[0014] According to a third aspect, an electronic device includes:

[0015] A memory and a processor, wherein the memory and the processor are communicatively connected to each other, the memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the method described in the first aspect or any optional embodiment of the first aspect by executing the computer instructions.

[0016] According to the fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to enable the computer to execute the method described in the first aspect or any optional embodiment of the first aspect.

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0018] The embodiment of the present invention provides a hydraulic tunnel safety monitoring and early warning method, system and electronic equipment. The method specifically includes: obtaining the structural parameters such as the material and construction standard of the specific hydraulic tunnel through the actual construction situation of the concrete structure of the large hydraulic tunnel, and using the structural parameters to use Abaqus simulation software to establish a finite element model of the hydraulic tunnel; then calibrating the finite element model using the engineering safety monitoring data collected by the installed detectors of the large hydraulic tunnel to generate a calibrated structural analysis model; the structural analysis model can identify the most unfavorable stress point in the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure damage condition; thereby further setting up an early warning index system for the most unfavorable stress point, and the computer control center can perform risk early warning in the hydraulic tunnel safety monitoring process according to the early warning index system. This technical solution uses the finite element analysis method to comprehensively simulate the early warning value of the occurrence of safety risks in combination with the architectural structure and material characteristics of the hydraulic tunnel before the danger occurs, thereby establishing a complete early warning index system, making the early warning for the hydraulic tunnel more comprehensive and improving the accuracy of the risk warning. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the steps of a hydraulic tunnel safety monitoring and early warning method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the most unfavorable stress point under heap loading conditions of a hydraulic tunnel safety monitoring and early warning method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a hydraulic tunnel safety monitoring and early warning system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 The figure is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] The technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0026] See also Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides a hydraulic tunnel safety monitoring and early warning method, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0027] Step S101: obtaining structural parameters of a hydraulic tunnel concrete structure, and establishing a finite element model of the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure using the structural parameters.

[0028] Specifically, engineering safety monitoring collects a large amount of data. This data is typically collated and initially analyzed based on statistical analysis methods, allowing for simple identification of regularities and anomalies. For simple structures or traditional hydraulic projects, experience and theory can provide a preliminary assessment of the project's performance. However, for complex structures, relying solely on theory, experience, and statistics to accurately assess the monitoring data is difficult. Finite element analysis (FEA) is an advanced and mature software simulation method that enables complex simulations and analyses of diverse structures and operating conditions, reducing manual calculations while providing extensive decision-making support. For hydraulic tunnel modeling, finite element analysis software such as Abaqus and Ansys can be used. Abaqus is a powerful finite element software suite for engineering simulation, addressing problems ranging from relatively simple linear analysis to complex nonlinear problems. It also boasts a comprehensive library of material models capable of simulating the properties of typical engineering materials, including metals, rubber, polymers, composites, reinforced concrete, compressible hyperelastic foams, and geological materials such as soil and rock. ANSYS finite element software is a multi-purpose finite element method computer design program that can be used to solve problems such as structures, fluids, electricity, electromagnetic fields, and collisions. It can solve static and transient nonlinear problems, including three types: material nonlinearity, geometric nonlinearity, and unit nonlinearity. In an embodiment of the present invention, Abaqus software is selected to perform finite element modeling of the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure, thereby specifying an early warning indicator system for risk early warning by simulating the maximum risk tolerance of the hydraulic tunnel. In an embodiment of the present invention, the structural parameters used for modeling the hydraulic tunnel finite element model include the hydraulic tunnel structural parameters and the surrounding hydrogeological parameters excluding the concrete category, and the results obtained are as follows:

[0029] In the process of finite element modeling, the elastic modulus used is based on the volume reinforcement ratio of the structure, according to the formula E0=E s ρ+E c (1-ρ) converted comprehensive elastic modulus.

[0030] Where, E0—elastic modulus (Pa); E s —Elastic modulus of steel bar (Pa); E c—Concrete elastic modulus (Pa); ρ—Reinforcement ratio. The shield segments are constructed of C50 concrete with an elastic modulus of 34.5 GPa, a Poisson's ratio of 0.2, a density of 2400 kg / m³, a linear expansion coefficient of 0.0000 kg / m³, and HRB335 steel bars with an elastic modulus of 200 GPa, a density of 7.85 g / cm³, and a volumetric reinforcement ratio of 0.0238. The lining concrete is constructed of C35 concrete with an elastic modulus of 31.5 GPa, a Poisson's ratio of 0.2, a density of 2400 kg / m³, and a linear expansion coefficient of 0.0000 kg / m³. The steel bars are HRB335 steel bars with an elastic modulus of 200 GPa, a density of 7.85 g / cm³, and a volumetric reinforcement ratio of 0.0195. Both the shield segments and the lining concrete pipes use a linear elastic constitutive model.

[0031] Step S102: calibrating the finite element model according to the engineering safety monitoring data to generate a calibrated structural analysis model.

[0032] Specifically, after the finite element model of the hydraulic tunnel is established, the finite element model cannot be directly used to simulate the risk factor tolerance of the hydraulic tunnel. Since the model has not been corrected by the actual risk data, the simulation result of the model will have a large error. Therefore, before performing the working condition simulation, it is necessary to use the engineering safety monitoring data representing the actual working conditions collected during the construction of the hydraulic tunnel to calibrate the finite element model. On the one hand, the engineering safety monitoring data should be used for the actual working condition calibration of the model. On the other hand, it is also the basic numerical basis for early warning. However, due to factors such as the lack of initial values ​​and instrument damage, some of the actual engineering monitoring data have problems. They can only be used after rationality analysis, where the true value can be used for model calibration and the abnormal value can be corrected. In the embodiment of the present invention, taking two typical monitoring sections of a main canal in a water conservancy project as an example, the engineering safety monitoring data such as steel stress (stress points R1~R4) and concrete strain (strain points S1, S2) from April 2015 to August 2020 are used to calibrate the finite element model. Before calibration, to improve the reliability of the engineering safety monitoring data, the engineering safety data is first subjected to a rationality analysis to screen out accurate, real data. Commonly used methods for rationality analysis of engineering safety monitoring data include comparison, plotting, eigenvalue statistics, and measurement influencing factor analysis. In addition to the aforementioned methods, the present invention also employs trend analysis and correlation analysis to analyze the rationality of the engineering safety monitoring data. Some reasonable data is then selected for finite element model calibration, resulting in a relatively accurate finite element analysis model—the structural analysis model. The aforementioned trend analysis and correlation analysis methods are prior art, and the specific analysis and calculation steps are not repeated here.

[0033] Specifically, in one embodiment, since the engineering safety monitoring data is also the basic numerical basis for early warning, in order to improve the accuracy of the destructive working condition simulation in the subsequent simulation steps, the calibrated model - the structural analysis model is used to simulate the target working condition (i.e., normal working condition) under the existing standard conditions to obtain the simulation results, and the engineering safety monitoring data is corrected according to the difference between the simulation results and the unreasonable monitoring data of the target working condition.

[0034] Specifically, as shown in Table 1, a structural analysis model was used to simulate the stresses and strains of three typical operating conditions at a section of a main canal project. Comparing the measured values ​​with the simulated results revealed that the measured and simulated values ​​for R1, R2, R3, and S2 for this section differed significantly but were relatively consistent. The difference in R4 was relatively small, while the difference in S1 was quite different. Based on these comparisons, the more stable differences were used as correction values ​​to correct the measured values ​​at the measuring points. The correction results are shown in Table 2.

[0035] Table 1 Typical operating conditions

[0036]

[0037] Table 2 Safety monitoring data correction results

[0038]

[0039] Step S103: Use the structural analysis model to identify the most unfavorable stress points for all failure conditions of the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure. Specifically, simulation analysis of various working conditions using the finite element model can reveal the stress changes in the structure under different loads and working conditions, the most unfavorable stress points, the failure process, and the failure conditions. This not only helps to understand the safety of the engineering structure, but also allows for the identification of unfavorable structural conditions and stress points, and the simulation calculation of warning values ​​according to pre-set warning methods, laying the foundation for the construction of a warning indicator system.

[0040] Specifically, in one embodiment, in order to more accurately establish an early warning index system, a three-level early warning index is established based on the degree of deformation of the concrete structural materials of the hydraulic tunnel. Since the materials used in the building structure are subject to stress, they are generally divided into four stages, namely the elastic stage where elastic deformation occurs and can be restored to the original state, the yield stage and strengthening stage where plastic deformation occurs and can partially restore the original state, and the local deformation and fracture stage where completely irreversible deformation or destruction occurs. Combined with the characteristics of the concrete structural materials of the hydraulic tunnel, the early warning indicators are divided into technical warning values, safety warning values, and safety warning values ​​corresponding to the three states that the hydraulic structure experiences from construction to failure: normal state, abnormal (fault) state, and failure (limit) state. The established three-level early warning indicators include:

[0041] 1. When the deformation of the concrete structure material of the hydraulic tunnel reaches the point where it can be completely restored to its original state, a technical warning is issued. If the technical warning value is exceeded, the system enters the risk stage.

[0042] 2. When the deformation of the concrete structure material of the hydraulic tunnel reaches the point where it can be partially restored to its original state, a safety warning is issued. The safety warning means that when the measured value is within the specified range of the indicator, it can be considered that although it has entered the risk stage, the engineering structure will not be damaged;

[0043] 3. When the concrete structural material of the hydraulic tunnel undergoes irreversible deformation, a safety warning is issued. The safety warning indicates that it is the safety limit value, that is, it exceeds the maximum value of the safety warning stage, thus causing irreversible damage.

[0044] Safety monitoring items primarily include concrete strain, structural reinforcement stress, soil pressure, seepage, anchor stress, and settlement deformation. Concrete strain and reinforcement stress are direct indicators of structural stress changes and even damage, and are also key early warning indicators. Other indicators are indirect indicators. Therefore, in the embodiments of the present invention, the simulated hydraulic tunnel concrete structure materials include at least concrete and metal building materials, where metal building materials include but are not limited to steel bars and bolts.

[0045] Specifically, in one embodiment, it is necessary to obtain the environmental factors of the location of the hydraulic tunnel, and the environmental factors are used to limit the external environment of the simulation process. Specifically, because the maximum limit stress that the hydraulic tunnel material can withstand under environmental influences is different under different environments and seasonal conditions, in the simulation process of extreme working conditions, in addition to the three-level warning system, at least the influence of daily operating environmental factors such as water pressure and water temperature on extreme working conditions must be considered. Taking a trunk canal project in step S102 as an example, the normal operation is mainly affected by the internal water pressure and temperature. The minimum internal water pressure is in the empty pipe mode, and the maximum can reach 40m head pressure. The temperature change is also relatively drastic, with the lowest temperature in winter close to 0°C and the highest temperature in summer reaching 30°C.

[0046] (1) Under the influence of the single factor of internal water pressure: the stress of the monitoring point of the culvert component increases with the increase of internal water pressure; the inner layer of the outer lining concrete is basically in a compressive state, the top and bottom of the outer layer are the areas with maximum compressive stress, and the waist on both sides are the areas with maximum tensile stress; the outer layer of the inner lining concrete is basically in a compressive state, the waist on both sides of the inner layer are the areas with maximum compressive stress, and the top and bottom are the areas with maximum tensile stress; the stress level of the inner lining concrete is slightly higher than that of the outer lining; the bolts are the weakest point, and the most dangerous position of the bolts is the lower right or upper left of the waist, and they are all circumferential bolts; when the internal water pressure is <35m, the stress value of the steel bar measuring point is R2>R1>R4>R3, and when the internal water pressure is ≥35m, the stress value of the steel bar measuring point is R1>R2>R4>R3.

[0047] (2) Under the influence of the single factor of internal water temperature: as the temperature decreases, the stress on the steel bars gradually increases; the outer layer of the lining concrete is basically in a tensile state, and the top and bottom of the inner layer are the areas with the maximum tensile stress; the stress level of the lining concrete is slightly higher than that of the outer lining; the outer lining and bolts are relatively less affected by the change in tank top temperature, but there are certain changes due to the deformation of the inner lining; the bolts are relatively weak links, and the maximum axial force of the bolts is the circumferential bolt; when the temperature is 0℃, the steel bars have the maximum stress, that is, 29.68MPa at R2, 29.58MPa at R1, 27.56MPa at R3, and 28.35MPa at R4.

[0048] Specifically, in one embodiment, preset warning indicators and environmental factors are imported into the structural analysis model to obtain a warning analysis model, and the preset warning indicators are used to standardize the conditions for issuing warnings. Specifically, the preset three-level warning indicators and environmental factors are imported into the structural analysis model, and a warning analysis model that can accurately simulate the construction process of the hydraulic tunnel is obtained while fully considering the environmental factors. By changing the working parameters (i.e., using different damage conditions for simulation, or using different load values ​​for simulation under the same conditions), the simulated warning results that meet the three-level warning indicator specifications are recorded. Afterwards, by comparing multiple simulated warning results, the most unfavorable damage conditions and the most unfavorable stress points in various damage conditions can be found.

[0049] Taking a trunk canal project in step S102 as an example, the simulation conditions are divided into three categories: normal operating conditions, special conditions, and extreme conditions. Normal operating conditions take into account the load combinations that may occur during the daily operation of the project, including internal water pressure, external water pressure, water temperature changes, structural deadweight, and soil pressure. Special conditions are based on normal typical operating conditions and take into account special load combinations such as ground loading, uneven ground settlement, local voids in the lower soil of the structure, and earthquakes that may occur during the operation of the project. Through the alarm conditions of the three-level early warning system, the most unfavorable stress point in the extreme working condition is found. The standard is the weak position of the structure, that is, the force of the outer liner segment bolts. The most unfavorable ground loading condition in the special working condition is used as the condition to simulate the continuous increase of ground load. When the maximum tension of the bolt reaches the bearing limit, the extreme damage working condition is reached. For example Figure 2 As shown in the figure, through the simulation of ground loading conditions, it can be seen that the external load of the structure is mainly borne by the first liner segment. When the external load continues to increase, the maximum force on the first liner occurs at the bolt connection part, which is the weak link of the entire structure. The design bolts are M24, 8.8 grade, yield strength 640Mpa, and cross-sectional area 353mm 2The maximum tensile force that the bolts can withstand is 226 kN. To simulate the ultimate failure condition of the structure, the ground load was continuously increased. When the maximum load reached approximately 427.5 kPa, which is equivalent to approximately 42.8 m of fill, the maximum tensile force that the outer lining bolts can withstand was 226.4 kN, indicating that the structure was in an ultimate failure state.

[0050] Step S104: establishing an early warning index system based on the destruction process and numerical relationship of the most unfavorable stress point, so as to provide risk warning for the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure according to the early warning index system, wherein the numerical relationship is a mapping relationship between the most unfavorable stress point and the safety monitoring point.

[0051] Specifically, after finding the most unfavorable working conditions and the most unfavorable stress points of large hydraulic tunnels, the extreme working conditions of the most unfavorable stress points are simulated under pre-set environmental factors. Under extreme working conditions, the key stress and strain values ​​of several deformation stages in the destruction process collected by sensors installed at nearby safety monitoring points are obtained, thereby establishing an early warning indicator system.

[0052] Specifically, in one embodiment, the environmental factors include multiple groups of sub-environmental factors. For any group of sub-environmental factors, the steps of establishing an early warning indicator system based on the most unfavorable stress point are as follows:

[0053] 1. Establish a mapping relationship between the most unfavorable stress point and its nearby safety monitoring points;

[0054] 2. Use the early warning analysis model to simulate the damage process of the most unfavorable stress point and generate a second simulation result;

[0055] 3. Map the second simulation result to the safety monitoring point according to the mapping relationship to generate a three-level warning result based on the three-level warning indicators, and use the three-level warning result as the warning indicator system.

[0056] Specifically, the specific location of the most unfavorable stress point does not necessarily include a monitoring sensor, so the actual early warning indicator system is not established for the actual point of the most unfavorable location, but is an early warning indicator system for the monitoring points near the most unfavorable stress point. The destruction process of the most unfavorable stress point is simulated by the early warning analysis model, so as to obtain a second simulation result after the finite element simulation is completed, and then the second simulation result is mapped to the nearby safety monitoring point according to the pre-established mapping relationship, so as to obtain an early warning result that can represent the destruction process of the most unfavorable stress point at the safety monitoring point. And the early warning indicator system is set by multiple groups of different environmental factors (such as temperature and water pressure factors in winter and temperature and water pressure factors in summer), so that when problems occur in hydraulic tunnels under different environmental conditions in different seasons, the early warning system can provide timely warnings.

[0057] Specifically, common damage conditions include heap loading, uneven ground settlement, and localized cavitation outside pipelines. The hydraulic tunnel safety early warning method provided by the present invention can simulate and analyze the most unfavorable conditions and the most unfavorable stress points of various damage conditions, thereby establishing an early warning indicator system. In one embodiment, an analysis is performed using heap loading as an example. Heap loading conditions are further categorized as uniform symmetrical heap loading, triangular symmetrical heap loading, and uniform eccentric loading. The early warning analysis model determines that the most unfavorable heap loading condition is uniform eccentric loading, with the most unfavorable stress point located at the outer lining bolts. Simulation analysis shows that as the height of the soil pile increases, the stress on the steel bars gradually increases; when subjected to eccentric loads, the stress on the pipeline is different from that in normal operating conditions, and the maximum tensile stress of the inner steel bars is located in the upper right and lower left. This is because the eccentric load is applied on the right side of the model; early warning according to different internal water pressure conditions and temperature conditions can form an indicator system under various conditions, thereby improving the accuracy of risk early warning; after the eccentric load is applied, the stress distribution of the steel bars changes, with the maximum at R1, followed by R3, among which R2 and R4 are the smallest and differ greatly from R1 and R3. This is because the stress distribution of the steel bars is eccentric.

[0058] Specifically, in one embodiment, the hydraulic tunnel safety early warning method provided by the present invention establishes an early warning indicator system for uniform eccentric loading in heap loading conditions based on indicators such as soil pile height, bolt stress, steel bar stress (stress points R1 to R4), and concrete strain (strain points S1 and S2). Taking the modified data of a certain section of a canal project imported in step S102 as an example, a specific early warning indicator system is obtained by simulating each stage of the working condition through the early warning analysis model, as shown in the following table:

[0059] Table 3 Early warning indicators (I) (water pressure 0m, 20℃)

[0060]

[0061] Table 4 Early warning indicators (II) (water pressure 30m, 20℃)

[0062]

[0063] Table 5 Warning indicators (III) (water pressure 35m, 20℃)

[0064]

[0065] Tables 3, 4, and 5 show that, through the early warning analysis model, a three-level early warning indicator system was established for the cross-section of this main canal project. This indicator system includes stress tolerance values ​​at the most unfavorable stress points and concrete strain tolerance values. This indicator system enables highly accurate comprehensive risk warnings for this hydraulic tunnel cross-section, enhancing safety and reliability during construction.

[0066] By executing the above steps, the embodiment of the present invention provides a hydraulic tunnel safety monitoring and early warning method, which obtains the structural parameters such as materials and construction standards of a specific hydraulic tunnel through the construction situation of an actual large-scale hydraulic tunnel, and uses the structural parameters to establish a finite element model of the hydraulic tunnel using Abaqus simulation software; then, the finite element model is calibrated using the engineering safety monitoring data collected by the installed detectors of the large-scale hydraulic tunnel to generate a calibrated structural analysis model; the most unfavorable stress point of the most unfavorable working condition in the hydraulic tunnel damage working condition can be identified through the structural analysis model; thereby, an early warning index system is further set for the most unfavorable stress point, and the computer control center can perform risk early warning of the hydraulic tunnel based on the early warning index system. This technical solution uses the finite element analysis method to comprehensively simulate the early warning value of the occurrence of safety risks in combination with the architectural structure and material characteristics of the hydraulic tunnel before the danger occurs, thereby establishing a complete early warning index system, making the early warning for the hydraulic tunnel more comprehensive and improving the accuracy of the risk warning. Later, in order to ensure the reliability of the early warning indicator system, a three-level early warning system was established in combination with the structural material characteristics used in hydraulic tunnels. This technology improved the alarm accuracy of the early warning indicator system, reduced the false alarm rate, and improved the reliability of safety warnings.

[0067] like Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment also provides a hydraulic tunnel safety monitoring and early warning system, which includes:

[0068] The model building module obtains the structural parameters of the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure and uses the structural parameters to build a finite element model of the hydraulic tunnel. For details, please refer to the relevant description of step S101 in the above method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0069] The model calibration module calibrates the finite element model according to the engineering safety monitoring data to generate a calibrated structural analysis model. For details, please refer to the relevant description of step S102 in the above method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0070] The simulation analysis module uses the structural analysis model to identify the most unfavorable stress points of all failure conditions of the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure. For details, please refer to the relevant description of step S103 in the above method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0071] The indicator setting module establishes an early warning indicator system based on the failure process and numerical relationship of the most unfavorable stress point, thereby providing a risk warning for the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure based on the early warning indicator system. The numerical relationship is a mapping relationship between the most unfavorable stress point and the safety monitoring point. For details, please refer to the description of step S104 in the above method embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0072] An embodiment of the present invention provides a hydraulic tunnel concrete structure safety monitoring and early warning system, which is used to execute the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure safety monitoring and early warning method provided in the above embodiment. Its implementation method and principle are the same. For details, please refer to the relevant description of the above method embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0073] Figure 4 An electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, which includes: a processor 901 and a memory 902, which can be connected via a bus or other means. Figure 4 The bus connection is taken as an example.

[0074] The processor 901 may be a central processing unit (CPU). The processor 901 may also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, or a combination of the above chips.

[0075] Memory 902, as a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store non-transitory software programs, non-transitory computer executable programs, and modules, such as the program instructions / modules corresponding to the methods in the above-described method embodiments. Processor 901 executes the non-transitory software programs, instructions, and modules stored in memory 902 to perform various processor functions and data processing, thereby implementing the methods in the above-described method embodiments.

[0076] The memory 902 may include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area may store an operating system and application programs required for at least one function; the data storage area may store data created by the processor 901, etc. In addition, the memory 902 may include a high-speed random access memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state storage device. In some embodiments, the memory 902 may optionally include a memory remotely located relative to the processor 901, and these remote memories may be connected to the processor 901 via a network. Examples of the above-mentioned network include, but are not limited to, the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.

[0077] One or more modules are stored in the memory 902 and, when executed by the processor 901 , perform the method in the above method embodiment.

[0078] The specific details of the above electronic device can be understood by referring to the corresponding descriptions and effects in the above method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0079] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the processes in the above-described embodiments can be implemented by instructing related hardware through a computer program. The implemented program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it can include the processes of the above-described embodiments. The storage medium can be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a flash memory, a hard disk drive (HDD), or a solid-state drive (SSD). The storage medium can also include a combination of the above-mentioned types of memory.

[0080] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such modifications and variations are all within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A hydraulic tunnel safety monitoring and early warning method, characterized in that: The method comprises: Acquiring structural parameters of a hydraulic tunnel concrete structure, and establishing a finite element model of the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure using the structural parameters; calibrating the finite element model based on the engineering safety monitoring data to generate a calibrated structural analysis model; Using the structural analysis model to identify the most unfavorable stress points of all failure conditions of the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure; An early warning index system is established based on the destruction process and numerical relationship of the most unfavorable stress point, so as to perform risk warning of the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure according to the early warning index system, and the numerical relationship is a mapping relationship between the most unfavorable stress point and the safety monitoring point; the environmental factors include multiple groups of sub-environmental factors, and for any group of sub-environmental factors, the early warning index system is established based on the destruction process and numerical relationship of the most unfavorable stress point, including: establishing a mapping relationship between the most unfavorable stress point and its nearby safety monitoring points; using the early warning analysis model to simulate the destruction process of the most unfavorable stress point and generate a second simulation result; mapping the second simulation result to the safety monitoring point according to the mapping relationship to generate a three-level early warning result based on the three-level early warning index, and using the three-level early warning result as the early warning index system.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The finite element model is calibrated according to the engineering safety monitoring data to generate a calibrated structural analysis model, including: Conducting rationality analysis on the engineering safety monitoring data and screening out reasonable data; The finite element model is calibrated using the reasonable data to obtain the structural analysis model.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that After obtaining the structural analysis model, the method further includes: The target working condition is simulated using the structural analysis model to obtain a simulation result, and the engineering safety monitoring data is corrected according to the difference between the simulation result and the unreasonable monitoring data of the target working condition.

4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that The structural analysis model is used to identify the most unfavorable stress points of all failure conditions of the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure, including: Acquiring environmental factors at a location where the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure is located, where the environmental factors are used to limit the external environment of a simulation process; Importing preset early warning indicators and the environmental factors into the structural analysis model to obtain an early warning analysis model, wherein the preset early warning indicators are used to standardize the conditions for issuing early warnings; Recording simulation warning results generated by the warning analysis model under different working parameters, wherein the working parameters include failure conditions and loads; The most unfavorable stress points of all damage conditions are identified based on the simulation warning results.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The preset early warning indicators are three-level early warning indicators, including: When the deformation of the concrete structure material of the hydraulic tunnel reaches the point where it can be completely restored to its original state, a technical warning will be issued; When the deformation of the concrete structure material of the hydraulic tunnel reaches the point where it can be partially restored to its original state, a safety warning will be issued; When irreversible damage occurs to the concrete structural materials of hydraulic tunnels, a safety warning is issued.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The damage working condition includes at least a heap loading working condition, and establishing the early warning indicator system based on the heap loading working condition includes: An early warning indicator system for the pile loading condition is established based on soil pile height, bolt stress, steel bar stress and concrete strain indicators.

7. A hydraulic tunnel safety monitoring and early warning system, characterized in that: The system comprises: A model building module, which obtains structural parameters of the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure and uses the structural parameters to build a finite element model of the hydraulic tunnel; a model calibration module, calibrating the finite element model according to the engineering safety monitoring data to generate a calibrated structural analysis model; A simulation analysis module, using the structural analysis model to identify the most unfavorable stress points of all failure conditions of the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure; An indicator setting module establishes an early warning indicator system based on the destruction process and numerical relationship of the most unfavorable stress point, so as to perform risk warning of the hydraulic tunnel concrete structure according to the early warning indicator system, wherein the numerical relationship is a mapping relationship between the most unfavorable stress point and the safety monitoring point; the environmental factors include multiple groups of sub-environmental factors, and for any group of sub-environmental factors, the early warning indicator system is established based on the destruction process and numerical relationship of the most unfavorable stress point, including: establishing a mapping relationship between the most unfavorable stress point and its nearby safety monitoring points; using the early warning analysis model to simulate the destruction process of the most unfavorable stress point and generate a second simulation result; mapping the second simulation result to the safety monitoring point according to the mapping relationship to generate a three-level early warning result based on the three-level early warning indicator, and using the three-level early warning result as the early warning indicator system.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: A memory and a processor, wherein the memory and the processor are communicatively connected to each other, the memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 by executing the computer instructions.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to enable the computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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