A shaft tunneling machine with variable excavation diameter and a shaft wall support method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a shaft tunneling machine with a variable excavation diameter, which relates to the technical field of tunneling machines and includes a fuselage and a cutter head rotatably arranged at the front end of the fuselage. The cutter head includes a central disk body, a side disk body connected to the side wall of the central disk body, and a spoke base connected to the side wall of the central disk body. A plurality of variable-diameter spokes are circumferentially distributed on the spoke base. The radial distances from the ends of the variable-diameter spokes to the central axis of the central disk body are not the same, and each variable-diameter spoke is detachably connected to the spoke base; hob cutters are arranged on the bottom surface of the central disk body, the bottom surface of the side disk body, and the ends of the variable-diameter spokes. The shaft tunneling machine with a variable excavation diameter disclosed by the present invention can reduce the pouring operation difficulty of the slip form lining, prevent the lining formwork from falling off, and improve the safety of the shaft wall support. The present invention also discloses a shaft wall support method, and its beneficial effects are as described above.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunneling machines, and particularly to a shaft tunneling machine with a variable excavation diameter. The present invention also relates to a method for supporting a shaft wall. Background Art

[0002] A boring machine is a machine used for excavating roadways on a flat ground. There are many types of boring machines, such as TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine, full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine), shield machine, and shaft tunneling machine, etc.

[0003] Shaft construction equipment is a key factor for the rapid and efficient formation of shafts. At present, the main shaft excavation methods include the drill and blast method, the shaft sinking method, etc. Compared with traditional shaft excavation methods, shaft tunneling machines have obvious advantages in terms of shaft formation speed, safety, and economy, especially in the field of deep shafts.

[0004] The cutter head is the core component of a shaft tunneling machine, mainly used for full-face excavation of the bottom surface of the shaft to form a circular or conical face. To ensure the stability of the shaft wall after excavation, a slip form lining system is usually used to pour and support the shaft wall rock, which is equivalent to covering a protective layer on the shaft wall. However, due to the relatively complete and smooth shaft wall after excavation by a full-face shaft tunneling machine, it causes great difficulties in the stable pouring operation of the slip form lining. If the adhesion between the poured formwork and the shaft wall is not good, it may cause serious accidents such as formwork detachment and crashing.

[0005] Therefore, how to reduce the pouring operation difficulty of the slip form lining, prevent the lining formwork from falling off, and improve the safety of shaft wall support is a technical problem faced by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a shaft tunneling machine with a variable excavation diameter, which can reduce the pouring operation difficulty of the slip form lining, prevent the lining formwork from falling off, and improve the safety of shaft wall support. Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for supporting a shaft wall.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a shaft tunneling machine with a variable excavation diameter, including a fuselage, and a cutter head rotatably provided at the front end of the fuselage. The cutter head includes a central disk body, a side disk body connected to the side wall of the central disk body, and a spoke base connected to the side wall of the central disk body. A plurality of variable-diameter spokes are circumferentially distributed on the spoke base. The radial distances from the ends of the variable-diameter spokes to the central axis of the central disk body are not the same, and each variable-diameter spoke is detachably connected to the spoke base; cutters are provided on the bottom surface of the central disk body, the bottom surface of the side disk body, and the ends of the variable-diameter spokes.

[0008] Preferably, the central disk body is rectangular, the side disk bodies are respectively connected to one pair of opposite side walls of the central disk body, and the spoke bases are respectively connected to the other pair of opposite side walls of the central disk body.

[0009] Preferably, the bottom surface of each side disk body is connected to the bottom surface of the central disk body to form a conical surface, and the ends of the spoke bases are all distributed above the large-end end surface of the conical surface.

[0010] Preferably, each variable-diameter spoke is connected to the spoke base through a fastener or a clamping member.

[0011] Preferably, the cutter head further includes a plurality of flip spokes that are rotatably connected to the spoke bases. The flip planes of the flip spokes are all longitudinal sections of the central disk body, and cutters are provided at the ends of the flip spokes to adjust the excavation angle.

[0012] Preferably, the excavation angles of the variable-diameter spokes are the same, and during tunneling, the excavation angle of the flip spoke at the outermost radial position is the same as that of the variable-diameter spoke.

[0013] Preferably, it further includes a chain bucket conveyor installed in the fuselage, and the bottom end of the chain bucket conveyor penetrates through the central disk body and extends outside its bottom surface to collect the muck on the working face through a bucket and transport it upward.

[0014] Preferably, mounting holes are formed on the bottom surface of the central disk body, and the mounting holes are at a predetermined distance from the center of the bottom surface of the central disk body. The bottom end of the chain bucket conveyor is installed in the mounting holes.

[0015] Preferably, the earth-scooping direction of the bucket of the chain bucket conveyor is opposite to the linear velocity direction at the corresponding position of the bucket on the central disk body.

[0016] The present invention also provides a shaft support method, which is applied to a shaft tunneling machine with a variable excavation diameter as described in any one of the above, and includes:

[0017] Install a preset number of variable-diameter spokes on the spoke bases, and make the radial distances from the ends of the variable-diameter spokes to the central axis of the central disk body gradually change in a stepped manner;

[0018] Drive the cutter head to rotate and feed to excavate the working face to form a primary shaft with the largest diameter;

[0019] Disassemble each of the variable-diameter spoke arms in order from the largest to the smallest according to the radial distance, and drive the cutter head to rotate and feed after each disassembly operation to intermittently excavate the tunnel face, forming multiple secondary vertical shafts with diameters gradually decreasing in a stepped manner;

[0020] Adjust the excavation angle of the flipping spoke arm to be perpendicular to the shaft wall, and drive the cutter head to rotate to excavate a ring groove on the shaft wall;

[0021] Pour a formwork support base in the ring groove, and pour lining formworks on the shaft walls of the primary vertical shaft and each secondary vertical shaft, and make the inner diameter of the lining formwork consistent at each point in the axial direction.

[0022] The shaft tunneling machine with variable excavation diameter provided by the present invention mainly includes a fuselage and a cutter head. Among them, the cutter head is arranged at the front end (or bottom end) of the fuselage and is rotatably connected to the fuselage, and can perform rotary feeding movement under the drive of the main drive on the fuselage. The cutter head is of a split structure and mainly includes a central disk body, a side disk body, a spoke base, and variable-diameter spokes. Among them, the central disk body is the main structure of the cutter head and is located in the central area of the central disk body. A number of hob cutters are arranged on the bottom surface of the central disk body, which are mainly used for excavating the central area of the bottom surface of the shaft to form the central area of the face. The side disk body is connected to the side wall of the central disk body and serves as a supplement to the central disk body. A number of hob cutters are also arranged on the bottom surface of the side disk body, which are mainly used for excavating the outer and middle areas of the bottom surface of the shaft to form the outer and middle areas of the face. The spoke base is connected to the side wall of the central disk body and is mainly used for installing the variable-diameter spokes. Multiple variable-diameter spokes are arranged on the spoke base at the same time, and each variable-diameter spoke is distributed along the circumferential direction of the central disk body. Hob cutters are also arranged at the ends of each variable-diameter spoke, which are mainly used for excavating the outer edge area of the bottom surface of the shaft to form the outer edge area of the face, that is, determining the maximum diameter of the face formed by excavation. Importantly, the radial distances from the ends of each variable-diameter spoke to the central axis of the central disk body are not all the same, that is, there are multiple (at least two) different radial distances, and each variable-diameter spoke is detachably connected to the spoke base, and can be conveniently disassembled and assembled. Thus, since the radial distances from the ends of different variable-diameter spokes to the central axis of the central disk body are not exactly the same, and the hob cutters arranged at the ends of the variable-diameter spokes are mainly used for excavating the outer edge area of the bottom surface of the shaft, which is equivalent to the radial distance from the end of the variable-diameter spoke to the central axis of the central disk body being the radius of the face formed by excavation. Therefore, the diameters of the faces formed by excavation using variable-diameter spokes with different radial distances are also different. When excavating the shaft, only need to disassemble each variable-diameter spoke with a different radial distance in turn and then carry out excavation, then multiple shafts with different diameters can be excavated in the shaft, and then the wall surface of the shaft wall is no longer a smooth vertical plane, but a stepped multi-section zigzag surface. Thus, when carrying out slip form lining, the bottom end of the step can be used to support the lining formwork, improving the installation stability of the lining formwork, and the center of gravity of the entire lining formwork is no longer located outside the shaft wall surface, but is offset inside the shaft wall surface due to the influence of the stepped part, which is equivalent to the lining formwork having a tendency to abut against the shaft wall radially outward. Therefore, it can stably cover the wall surface of the shaft wall and maintain good adhesion with the shaft wall. Even if there is a situation of poor adhesion, it will not cause the lining formwork to fall off. To sum up, the shaft tunneling machine with variable excavation diameter provided by the present invention can reduce the pouring operation difficulty of slip form lining, prevent the lining formwork from falling off, and improve the safety of shaft wall support. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on the provided drawings.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a specific embodiment provided by the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the cutter head.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a front view of the bottom surface structure of the cutter head.

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the working state of the cutter head.

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the variable-diameter radial arm and the flipping radial arm.

[0029] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram comparing the earth-scooping direction of the bucket and the rotation direction of the cutter head.

[0030] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional view of a vertical shaft for slip form lining support of the shaft wall.

[0031] Among them, Figure 1 — Figure 7 In:

[0032] Airframe - 1, cutter head - 2, chain bucket conveyor - 3;

[0033] Central disk body - 21, side disk body - 22, radial arm base - 23, variable-diameter radial arm - 24, flipping radial arm - 25, connecting pin shaft - 26, connecting flange - 27;

[0034] Mounting hole - 211;

[0035] Primary vertical shaft - a, secondary vertical shaft - b, annular groove - c, formwork support base - d, lining formwork - e. Specific Embodiment

[0036] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 which is the overall structural schematic diagram of a specific embodiment provided by the present invention.

[0038] In a specific embodiment provided by the present invention, a shaft tunneling machine with a variable excavation diameter mainly includes a fuselage 1 and a cutter head 2.

[0039] Among them, the cutter head 2 is arranged at the front end (or bottom end) of the fuselage 1 and is rotatably connected to the fuselage 1, and can perform rotary feeding motion under the drive of the main drive on the fuselage 1. The cutter head 2 is of a split structure and mainly includes a central disk body 21, a side disk body 22, a spoke base 23, and a variable-diameter spoke 24.

[0040] Among them, the central disk body 21 is the main structure of the cutter head 2 and is located in the central area of the central disk body 21. A plurality of hob cutters are arranged on the bottom surface of the central disk body 21, which are mainly used for excavating the central area of the bottom surface of the shaft to form the central area of the heading face.

[0041] The side disk body 22 is connected to the side wall of the central disk body 21 and serves as a supplement to the central disk body 21. A plurality of hob cutters are also arranged on the bottom surface of the side disk body 22, which are mainly used for excavating the outer and middle areas of the bottom surface of the shaft to form the outer and middle areas of the heading face.

[0042] The spoke base 23 is connected to the side wall of the central disk body 21 and is mainly used for installing the variable-diameter spoke 24. A plurality of the variable-diameter spokes 24 are arranged on the spoke base 23 at the same time, and each variable-diameter spoke 24 is distributed along the circumferential direction of the central disk body 21. Hob cutters are also arranged at the ends of each variable-diameter spoke 24, which are mainly used for excavating the outer edge area of the bottom surface of the shaft to form the outer edge area of the heading face, that is, determining the maximum diameter of the heading face formed by excavation.

[0043] Importantly, the radial distances from the ends of each variable-diameter spoke 24 to the central axis of the central disk body 21 are not the same, that is, there are multiple (at least two) different radial distances, and each variable-diameter spoke 24 is detachably connected to the spoke base 23, and can be disassembled and assembled conveniently.

[0044] Thus, since the radial distances from the ends of the different-diameter radial arms 24 to the central axis of the central disk body 21 are not exactly the same, and the hob set on the end of the different-diameter radial arm 24 is mainly used for excavating the outer edge area of the bottom surface of the shaft, which is equivalent to that the radial distance from the end of the different-diameter radial arm 24 to the central axis of the central disk body 21 is the radius of the excavation face formed. Therefore, the diameters of the excavation faces formed by using the different-diameter radial arms 24 with different radial distances are also different. Thus, when excavating the shaft, only need to disassemble each different-diameter radial arm 24 in turn and then carry out the excavation, then multi-segment shafts with different diameters can be excavated in the shaft, and further, the wall surface of the shaft wall is no longer a smooth vertical plane, but a stepped multi-segment zigzag surface. In this way, when carrying out slip form lining, the bottom end of the step can be used to support the lining formwork e, improving the installation stability of the lining formwork e, and the center of gravity of the whole lining formwork e is no longer outside the shaft wall surface, but is offset inside the shaft wall surface due to the influence of the stepped part, which is equivalent to that the lining formwork e has a tendency to abut against the shaft wall radially outwards. Therefore, it can stably cover the wall surface of the shaft wall and maintain good adhesion with the shaft wall. Even if there is a situation of poor adhesion, it will not cause the lining formwork e to fall off.

[0045] In summary, the shaft tunneling machine with variable excavation diameter provided by this embodiment can reduce the pouring operation difficulty of slip form lining, prevent the lining formwork e from falling off, and improve the shaft wall support safety.

[0046] In an alternative embodiment regarding the central disk body 21 and the side disk body 22, to facilitate the power connection between the central disk body 21 and the main drive on the fuselage 1, a connecting flange 27 is provided on the top surface of the central disk body 21 in this embodiment. Since the connecting flange 27 is usually rectangular, the central disk body 21 can also be rectangular. Correspondingly, two side disk bodies 22 can be provided at the same time and are respectively connected to one pair of opposite side walls of the central disk body 21, for example, respectively connected to the two short side walls of the central disk body 21. Similarly, two arm bases 23 can be provided at the same time. To avoid interference installation, these two arm bases 23 are respectively connected to the other pair of opposite side walls of the central disk body 21, for example, respectively connected to the two long side walls of the central disk body 21.

[0047] Of course, the two arm bases 23 can also be provided on the two opposite side walls of the connecting flange 27.

[0048] As Figure 2 shown, Figure 2 is the specific structural schematic diagram of the cutter head 2.

[0049] Further, to facilitate the excavation of a conical face of the heading face and improve the excavation efficiency, in this embodiment, the bottom surfaces of the two side disc bodies 22 are connected to the bottom surface of the central disc body 21 to form a conical surface. Thus, when the cutter head 2 rotates, the bottom surface of the shaft can be excavated to form a flat-bottomed inverted conical surface. Correspondingly, the ends of the respective spoke bases 23 are all distributed above the large-end end face (top face) of the conical surface, so as to prevent the cutters installed at the ends of the respective spoke bases 23 from overlapping with the cutters installed on the bottom surfaces of the side disc bodies 22, and a continuous and uniform transition is formed therebetween.

[0050] As Figure 5 shown, Figure 5 FIG. shows a schematic connection structure of the variable-diameter spoke 24 and the flipping spoke 25.

[0051] Regarding the disassembly and assembly operations of the variable-diameter spoke 24 on the spoke base 23, in this embodiment, each variable-diameter spoke 24 is connected to the spoke base 23 through fasteners such as screws, bolts, and rivets, for example, to form a threaded connection, etc., so that the disassembly and assembly operations can be conveniently completed by screwing the fasteners. Of course, each variable-diameter spoke 24 can also be connected to the spoke base 23 through various clamping members, for example, through the locking between the buckles, etc., and the disassembly and assembly operations between the variable-diameter spoke 24 and the spoke base 23 can also be conveniently realized.

[0052] In addition, considering that when the depth of the shaft is relatively large, the weight and height of the lining formwork e are both relatively large. To further improve the support stability, it is usually necessary to pour an annular formwork support base d at the bottom of the lining formwork e. To excavate the pouring space of the formwork support base d, a flipping spoke 25 is additionally provided in this embodiment. Specifically, the flipping spoke 25 is also connected to the spoke base 23 and forms a rotational connection with the spoke base 23, so that the flipping spoke 25 can rotate relative to the spoke base 23, and the flipping plane of the flipping spoke 25 is the longitudinal section of the central disc body 21, thereby realizing the adjustment of the excavation angle of the flipping spoke 25. Generally, multiple flipping spokes 25 are provided on the spoke base 23 at the same time, and cutters are also provided at the ends of the respective flipping spokes 25 to expand the excavation area and improve the excavation efficiency. With such a setting, when the flipping spoke 25 flips to make the orientation of its end (i.e., the excavation direction of the cutter) perpendicular to the wall surface of the shaft, at this time, when the cutter head 2 rotates again, the cutters at the ends of the flipping spoke 25 can be used to radially excavate on the shaft wall and form a ring groove c, so as to pour the formwork support base d through the ring groove c.

[0053] Generally, one end of the flipping spoke 25 can be connected to the spoke base 23 through a connecting pin 26, so as to conveniently realize the flipping movement of the flipping spoke 25 on the spoke base 23. Of course, the flipping spoke 25 can also be connected to the spoke base 23 through components such as a rotating shaft and a hinge.

[0054] Of course, during the tunneling process, since each variable-diameter radial arm 24 has a fixed excavation angle, for example, the excavation angles of each variable-diameter radial arm 24 are all 30° to 60°. To avoid the interference of the reduced shaft wall on other variable-diameter radial arms and the cutters thereon after removing the variable-diameter radial arms located on the outer side in the radial direction, the excavation angle of the flipping radial arm 25 at the outermost position in the radial direction needs to be adjusted to be consistent with the excavation angle of the variable-diameter radial arm 24, that is, it also remains at 30° to 60°.

[0055] Considering that both the variable-diameter radial arm 24 and the flipping radial arm 25 are connected to the radial arm base 23, in this embodiment, each variable-diameter radial arm 24 can be detachably connected to the flipping radial arm 25, for example, connected by fasteners such as bolts, so as to effectively reduce the occupation of the position on the radial arm base 23, and it does not affect the disassembly operation of the variable-diameter radial arm 24 and the flipping operation of the flipping radial arm 25. Generally, the variable-diameter radial arm 24 is specifically connected to the outer side or the upper surface side area in the radial direction of the flipping radial arm 25 to ensure that the end of the variable-diameter radial arm 24 is located outside the end of the flipping radial arm 25 in the radial direction.

[0056] In addition, the flipping direction of the flipping radial arm 25 is two-way. It can be flipped outwards to be perpendicular to the shaft wall surface, or flipped inwards to be parallel to the shaft wall surface, that is, in the vertical state. At this time, the radial distance of the end of the flipping radial arm 25 is the shortest, and the radial dimension of the entire cutter head 2 reaches the minimum state (in the case where all the variable-diameter radial arms 24 have been removed). With such a setting, after the shaft is formed and the formwork support is completed, by flipping the flipping radial arms 25 inwards, the diameter of the cutter head 2 can be reduced, which helps the overall lifting of the cutter head 2 through the supported shaft.

[0057] As Figure 4 shown, Figure 4 it is a schematic diagram of the working state of the cutter head 2.

[0058] In another specific embodiment provided by the present invention, considering that in the prior art, shaft boring machines generally collect the muck on the shaft face through a screw conveyor, then transfer it to the relay transport mechanism above the cutter head 2, and finally vertically lift the muck to the ground through equipment such as a hanging bucket and a crane. This vertical muck discharging scheme has a complex intermediate process, a long transmission process, and a large variety of equipment used, resulting in low transmission efficiency and a complex structure of the transmission device. For deep shaft vertical muck discharging, a more efficient transmission device needs to be developed. In view of this, a chain bucket conveyor 3 is added in this embodiment.

[0059] Specifically, the chain bucket conveyor 3 is installed inside the fuselage 1, and the bottom end of the chain bucket conveyor 3 passes through the central disc body 21 and extends outside the bottom surface of the central disc body 21, so that the bottom end of the chain bucket conveyor 3 can directly contact the working face. This facilitates the bucket on the chain bucket conveyor 3 to shovel soil from outside the bottom surface of the central disc body 21 and transport the muck upward to the ground as the bucket rotates reciprocally along with the chain, thereby realizing vertical muck discharge. Since the cutter head 2 is overall conical, the muck excavated on the working face will gather at the bottom of the cutter head 2 under the action of gravity. As the cutter head 2 rotates, the bucket on the chain bucket conveyor 3 will gather and shovel the muck into its interior.

[0060] As Figure 3 shown, Figure 3 Figure 7 is a front view of the bottom surface structure of the cutter head 2.

[0061] To facilitate the installation of the chain bucket conveyor 3 inside the cutter head 2, in this embodiment, an installation hole 211 is provided on the bottom surface of the central disc body 21, and the bottom end of the chain bucket conveyor 3 is arranged in the installation hole 211. Specifically, the installation position of the installation hole 211 is set at a predetermined distance from the center of the bottom surface of the central disc body 21, that is, eccentrically arranged. For example, among the four mutually perpendicular (such as 0°, 90°, 180°, 270°) directions on the bottom surface of the central disc body 21, three directions are all equipped with rolling cutters, forming a T-shaped distribution pattern, and the remaining one direction is not equipped with a rolling cutter but an installation hole 211 is opened, and the chain bucket conveyor 3 is installed in one of the directions on the bottom surface of the central disc body 21. Such a setting can not only meet the slag collection use requirements of the chain bucket conveyor 3, but also balance the overturning moment at the center position of the cutter head 2 and reduce the influence of the unbalanced moment on the cutters of the cutter head 2.

[0062] As Figure 6 shown, Figure 6 Figure 17 is a comparison schematic diagram of the soil shoveling direction of the bucket and the rotation direction of the cutter head 2.

[0063] Furthermore, to improve the soil shoveling efficiency of the bucket on the chain bucket conveyor 3, in this embodiment, the soil shoveling direction of the bucket is opposite to the linear velocity direction of the corresponding position of the bucket on the central disc body 21. For example, the soil shoveling direction of the bucket is shown as left in the figure, and the linear velocity direction of the corresponding position of the bucket on the central disc body 21 is shown as right in the figure. At this time, the central disc body 21 rotates counterclockwise. Such a setting is more conducive to the cutter head 2 gathering the muck into the bucket during rotation. The relative speed of the bucket to the muck is faster, and the soil shoveling efficiency is higher.

[0064] This embodiment also provides a shaft wall support method, which is applied to the above-mentioned shaft boring machine with variable excavation diameter and mainly includes five steps, namely:

[0065] S1. Install a preset number of variable-diameter radial arms 24 on the radial arm base 23, and keep the radial distances from the ends of the variable-diameter radial arms 24 to the central axis of the central disk 21 in a stepped gradient;

[0066] S2. Drive the cutter head 2 to rotate and feed to excavate the heading face, forming a primary vertical shaft a with the largest diameter;

[0067] S3. Remove the variable-diameter radial arms 24 in order from the largest to the smallest radial distance, and drive the cutter head 2 to rotate and feed after each disassembly operation to intermittently excavate the heading face, forming secondary vertical shafts b with diameters in a stepped reduction;

[0068] S4. Adjust the excavation angle of the flipping radial arm 25 to be perpendicular to the shaft wall, and drive the cutter head 2 to rotate to excavate a ring groove c on the shaft wall;

[0069] S5. Pour a formwork support base d in the ring groove c, and pour a lining formwork e on the shaft walls of the primary vertical shaft a and each secondary vertical shaft b, and keep the inner diameter of the lining formwork e consistent in the axial direction everywhere.

[0070] As Figure 7 shown, Figure 7 it is a vertical shaft sectional view for slip form lining support of the shaft wall.

[0071] Specifically, taking the case where there are three variable-diameter radial arms 24 with different radial distances installed on the radial arm base 23 as an example, when all the variable-diameter radial arms 24 are installed, drive the cutter head 2 to rotate and feed to excavate the heading face, and a primary vertical shaft a with the largest diameter (φ1 shown in the figure) will be formed. After that, remove the variable-diameter radial arm 24 with the largest radial distance, and then drive the cutter head 2 to rotate and feed to continue excavating the heading face, and a secondary vertical shaft b with a diameter of φ2 will be formed; and so on. Then, remove the other two variable-diameter radial arms 24 in turn, and secondary vertical shafts b with diameters of φ3 and φ4 will be formed respectively. Obviously, φ1 > φ2 > φ3 > φ4.

[0072] When the heading face is excavated to the last-stage vertical shaft, the excavation angle of the flipping radial arm 25 can be adjusted to be perpendicular to the shaft wall. Then drive the cutter head 2 to rotate, and open the shaft wall radially by adjusting the hob on the end of the radial arm to form a ring groove c. Then a formwork support base d can be poured in the ring groove c to support the lining formwork e poured on each section of the shaft wall through this formwork support base d. At this time, the entire lining formwork e forms an irregular cylindrical structure with an inner diameter of φ5, and its longitudinal section shape is roughly an inverted "eight" shape, and the structural stability is relatively strong.

[0073] The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to practice or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A shaft support method is applied to a shaft boring machine with a variable excavation diameter, characterized in that, The shaft tunneling machine includes a fuselage (1) and a cutter head (2) rotatably arranged at the front end of the fuselage (1). The cutter head (2) includes a central disk body (21), side disk bodies (22) connected to the side walls of the central disk body (21), and spoke bases (23) connected to the side walls of the central disk body (21). A plurality of variable-diameter spokes (24) are circumferentially distributed on the spoke bases (23). The radial distances from the ends of the variable-diameter spokes (24) to the central axis of the central disk body (21) are not all the same, and each variable-diameter spoke (24) is detachably connected to the spoke base (23). Cutters are provided on the bottom surface of the central disk body (21), the bottom surfaces of the side disk bodies (22), and the ends of the variable-diameter spokes (24). The cutter head (2) further includes a plurality of flip spokes (25) flip-connectably connected to the spoke bases (23). The flip planes of the flip spokes (25) are all longitudinal sections of the central disk body (21), and cutters are provided at the ends of the flip spokes (25) to adjust the excavation angle. The shaft wall support method includes: Install a preset number of variable-diameter spokes (24) on the spoke base (23), and make the radial distances from the ends of the variable-diameter spokes (24) to the central axis of the central disk body (21) maintain a stepped gradient. Drive the cutter head (2) to rotate and feed to excavate the working face to form a primary vertical shaft (a) with the largest diameter. Dismantle the variable-diameter spokes (24) in sequence according to the order from large to small of the radial distances, and drive the cutter head (2) to rotate and feed after each disassembly operation to intermittently excavate the working face to form secondary vertical shafts (b) with stepped decreasing diameters in multiple sections. Adjust the excavation angle of the flip spokes (25) to be perpendicular to the shaft wall, and drive the cutter head (2) to rotate to excavate a ring groove (c) on the shaft wall. Pour a formwork support base (d) in the ring groove (c), and pour lining formworks (e) on the shaft walls of the primary vertical shaft (a) and each section of the secondary vertical shafts (b), and make the inner diameters of the lining formworks (e) consistent in the axial direction everywhere.

2. The shaft wall support method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central disk body (21) is rectangular, the side disk bodies (22) are respectively connected to one pair of opposite side walls of the central disk body (21), and the spoke bases (23) are respectively connected to the other pair of opposite side walls of the central disk body (21).

3. The shaft wall support method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bottom surface of each side disk body (22) is connected to the bottom surface of the central disk body (21) to form a conical surface, and the ends of the spoke bases (23) are all distributed above the large-end end surface of the conical surface.

4. The shaft wall support method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each variable-diameter spoke (24) is connected to the spoke base (23) through a fastener or a clamping member.

5. The shaft wall support method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The excavation angles of the variable-diameter spokes (24) are the same, and during tunneling, the excavation angle of the flip spoke (25) at the outermost radial position is the same as that of the variable-diameter spoke (24).

6. The shaft wall support method according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a chain bucket conveyor (3) installed inside the fuselage (1), and the bottom end of the chain bucket conveyor (3) penetrates through the central disk body (21) and extends outside its bottom surface to collect muck at the heading face through a bucket and transport it upward.

7. The shaft wall support method according to claim 6, characterized in that, An installation hole (211) is formed in the bottom surface of the central disk body (21), and the installation hole (211) is at a predetermined distance from the center of the bottom surface of the central disk body (21), and the bottom end of the chain bucket conveyor (3) is installed in the installation hole (211).

8. The shaft wall support method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The earth-shoveling direction of the bucket of the chain bucket conveyor (3) is opposite to the linear velocity direction at the corresponding position of the bucket on the central disk body (21).

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