A prestressed graded resistance-increasing and pressure-reducing device

Abstract

This invention discloses a prestressed, graded resistance-increasing and pressure-relief device, comprising a sleeve assembly including a resistance-increasing sleeve, an inner end cap, and an outer end cap. The inner end cap is located at one end of the resistance-increasing sleeve near the surrounding rock, and the outer end cap is located at the other end of the resistance-increasing sleeve. A piston assembly includes a pressure-relief piston and a piston anchor hole, the piston anchor hole penetrating the center of the pressure-relief piston. A tray assembly includes a pressure-relief tray and tray ribs, the tray ribs being located on one side surface of the pressure-relief tray. Targeted control measures are proposed for severely stratified sedimentary rock layers. The interaction curve between the existing support system and the surrounding rock is improved. Existing support materials are fully utilized, and the original support system is improved, simplifying the processing procedures to the greatest extent possible to meet different deformation requirements on site. Prestress can be applied promptly during installation to prevent excessive deformation due to insufficient support of the surrounding rock. It is stable and reliable, eliminating concerns about tensile failure during use and ensuring construction safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering technology, and in particular to a prestressed graded resistance-increasing and pressure-reducing device. Background Technology

[0002] The construction of deep underground engineering projects is often accompanied by high ground stress and high confining pressure. Especially in sedimentary rocks with obvious stratification effects, under water-rich conditions, large deformation phenomena are prone to occur due to multiple factors such as swelling of the surrounding rock upon contact with water, delamination and displacement, and compression. The role of these factors in deformation varies at each stage, resulting in staged situations such as initial stage deformation due to swelling of the loosened rock strata upon contact with water, mid-stage deformation due to fracture slippage and expansion, and late-stage deformation due to compression in the plastic zone. If effective measures are not taken to control the deformation in a timely manner, it will pose a great challenge to construction and operation.

[0003] Currently, anchor bolts, as the main support components on site, are too rigid and have limited deformation to adapt to such deformation. When the deformation exceeds the ultimate elongation, they will break, leading to support failure. Existing variable anchor bolts also have shortcomings; some have insufficient deformation, while others have overly complex manufacturing processes. Excessive modifications to existing anchor bolts would increase the labor intensity of workers. Based on the anchor bolt support characteristic curve and the surrounding rock convergence curve, increasing the anchor bolt deformation can significantly reduce the surrounding rock pressure at the intersection of the two curves, thus placing the anchor bolt in a relatively safe working state and maximizing the self-stabilizing capacity of the surrounding rock. However, this process is not instantaneous but a continuously changing one, requiring the anchor bolt to provide a gradual pressure relief process to match this process. Furthermore, the working resistance continuously increases during this gradual pressure relief process, thereby effectively controlling the deformation of the surrounding rock.

[0004] The pressure relief device of this invention can be stretched without being damaged when the surrounding rock undergoes large deformation. It can make full use of the original support materials, simplify the process to the greatest extent, and achieve a large pressure relief amount with limited space. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this section is to outline some aspects of the embodiments of the present invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section, as well as in the abstract and title of the present application, to avoid obscuring the purpose of this section, the abstract and title of the invention. Such simplifications or omissions shall not be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0006] In view of the problems existing in the above and / or prior art, the present invention is proposed.

[0007] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that anchor bolts, as the main support components on site, have high rigidity and low deformation. When the deformation exceeds the limit elongation, they will be pulled apart, resulting in support failure. If the existing anchor bolts are modified too much, it will increase the labor intensity of workers.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a prestressed graded resistance-increasing and pressure-reducing device, comprising,

[0009] A casing assembly includes a resistance-increasing sleeve, an inner end cap, and an outer end cap, wherein the inner end cap is located at one end of the resistance-increasing sleeve near the surrounding rock, and the outer end cap is located at the other end of the resistance-increasing sleeve; and...

[0010] Piston assembly, including a pressure-relief piston and a piston anchor bore, the piston anchor bore penetrating the center of the pressure-relief piston; and,

[0011] A pallet assembly includes a relief pallet and pallet ribs, the pallet ribs being disposed on one side surface of the relief pallet.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the prestressed graded resistance-increasing and pressure-reducing device of the present invention, the inner end cap includes a sleeve anchor hole and a first arc contact surface. The sleeve anchor hole is located at the center of the inner end cap, and the first arc contact surface is located at the connection between the outer surface of the inner end cap and the resistance-increasing sleeve.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the prestressed graded resistance-increasing and pressure-reducing device of the present invention, the casing assembly further includes an anchor rod, which is slidably connected to the casing anchor rod hole and the piston anchor rod hole.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the prestressed graded resistance-increasing and pressure-reducing device of the present invention, the pressure-reducing piston includes a frustum disc and a cylindrical disc, the frustum disc and the cylindrical disc are fixedly connected and slidably connected to the inner wall of the resistance-increasing sleeve.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the prestressed graded resistance-increasing and pressure-reducing device of the present invention, the outer surface of the cylindrical disk is provided with piston ribs.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the prestressed graded resistance-increasing and pressure-reducing device of the present invention, the resistance-increasing sleeve includes outer ribs and inner ribs, the outer ribs cooperate with the tray ribs, and the density increases from the inner end to the outer end.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the prestressed graded resistance-increasing and pressure-reducing device of the present invention, wherein: the inner rib pattern cooperates with the piston rib pattern, and the density increases from the outer end of the end cap to the inner end cap.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the prestressed graded resistance-increasing and pressure-reducing device of the present invention, the outer end cap includes a second arcuate contact surface, which is disposed at the connection between the inner surface of the outer end cap and the resistance-increasing sleeve.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the prestressed graded resistance-increasing and pressure-reducing device of the present invention, the sleeve assembly further includes a nut, which is fixedly connected to the anchor rod and fixed to one end of the cylindrical disk.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the prestressed graded resistance-increasing and pressure-relief device of the present invention, the pressure-relief tray is fixed on the surface of the surrounding rock, the resistance-increasing sleeve, the inner end cap and the anchor rod slide within the surrounding rock, and the outer end cap is limited by the pressure-relief tray.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0022] 1. Targeted control measures were proposed for severely stratified sedimentary rock layers, and the interaction curves between the existing support system and the surrounding rock were improved;

[0023] 2. By making full use of existing support materials and improving the original support system, the processing procedures were simplified to the greatest extent possible;

[0024] 3. The allowable pressure can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual site conditions to meet different deformation requirements on site;

[0025] 4. Prestress can be applied in a timely manner during installation to prevent excessive deformation caused by insufficient support of the surrounding rock;

[0026] 5. Stable and reliable, no need to worry about breakage or failure during use, ensuring construction safety. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein:

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the prestressed graded resistance-increasing and pressure-reducing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the overall structure of the prestressed graded resistance-increasing and pressure-reducing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the sleeve assembly in a prestressed graded resistance-increasing and pressure-reducing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the piston assembly in a prestressed graded resistance-increasing and pressure-reducing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the tray assembly in a prestressed graded resistance-increasing and pressure-relief device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the initial stage of the prestressed graded resistance-increasing and pressure-reducing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the first-stage pressure relief structure in a prestressed graded resistance-increasing pressure relief device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the secondary pressure relief structure in a prestressed graded resistance-increasing pressure relief device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0038] Secondly, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the schematic diagrams. When detailing the embodiments of the present invention, for ease of explanation, the cross-sectional views illustrating the device structure will be partially enlarged, not according to the usual scale. Furthermore, the schematic diagrams are merely examples and should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, actual fabrication should include three-dimensional spatial dimensions of length, width, and depth.

[0039] Furthermore, the term "an embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that mutually excludes other embodiments.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] Reference Figures 1-5 This embodiment provides a prestressed graded resistance-increasing and pressure-relief device, including a sleeve assembly 100, comprising a resistance-increasing sleeve 101, an inner end cap 102, and an outer end cap 103. The inner end cap 102 is disposed at one end of the resistance-increasing sleeve 101 near the surrounding rock 400, and the outer end cap 103 is disposed at the other end of the resistance-increasing sleeve 101; a piston assembly 200, comprising a pressure-relief piston 201 and a piston anchor hole 202, the piston anchor hole 202 penetrating through the center of the pressure-relief piston 201; and a pallet assembly 300, comprising a pressure-relief pallet 301 and pallet ribs 302, the pallet ribs 302 being disposed on one side surface of the pressure-relief pallet 301.

[0042] Specifically, the inner end cap 102 includes a sleeve anchor hole 102a and a first arcuate contact surface 102b. The sleeve anchor hole 102a is located at the center of the inner end cap 102, and the first arcuate contact surface 102b is located at the connection between the outer surface of the inner end cap 102 and the resistance-increasing sleeve 101. The sleeve assembly 100 also includes an anchor rod 104, which is slidably connected to the sleeve anchor hole 102a and the piston anchor hole 202. The pressure-relief piston 201 includes a frustum disc 201a and a cylindrical disc 201b, which are fixedly connected and connected to the inner end cap 101. The cylindrical disk 201b has a sliding connection with the wall. The outer surface of the cylindrical disk 201b is provided with piston ribs 201b-1. The resistance-increasing sleeve 101 includes outer ribs 101a and inner ribs 101b. The outer ribs 101a cooperate with the tray ribs 302, and the density increases from one end of the inner end cap 102 to one end of the outer end cap 103. The inner ribs 101b cooperate with the piston ribs 201b-1, and the density increases from one end of the outer end cap 103 to one end of the inner end cap 102. The outer end cap 103 includes a second arcuate contact surface 103a, which is located at the connection between the inner surface of the outer end cap 103 and the resistance-increasing sleeve 101.

[0043] Preferably, the sleeve assembly 100 further includes a nut 105, which is fixedly connected to the anchor rod 104 and fixed to one end of the cylindrical disk 201b. The pressure relief tray 301 is fixed to the surface of the surrounding rock 400. The resistance-increasing sleeve 101, the inner end cap 102 and the anchor rod 104 slide within the surrounding rock 400. The outer end cap 103 is limited by the pressure relief tray 301.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] Reference Figures 1-8This embodiment provides a prestressed graded resistance-increasing and pressure-relief device, including a sleeve assembly 100, a piston assembly 200, and a tray assembly 300. The sleeve assembly 100 includes three parts: a resistance-increasing sleeve 101, an inner end cap 102, and an outer end cap 103. The pressure-relief tray 301 is an improvement on the original tray, with increased inner and outer diameters, allowing relative sliding with the resistance-increasing sleeve 101 under the pressure of the surrounding rock 400. The pressure-relief piston 201 consists of a frustum disc 201a and a cylindrical disc 201b. The diameter of the end of the frustum disc 201a is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the resistance-increasing sleeve 101, and the diameter of the tail is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the resistance-increasing sleeve 101. The piston is hollow inside and can slide relative to the resistance-increasing sleeve 101 under the pressure of the surrounding rock 400 and the pushing action of the nut 105.

[0046] The end of the casing assembly 100 is conical, which not only facilitates the smooth entry of the pressure relief device into the borehole and reduces resistance, but also enhances the stability of the inner end cap 102 and increases the sealing capacity. The resistance-increasing sleeve 101 is engraved with ribs of gradually increasing density on its inner and outer sides, which increases the friction during relative sliding with the pressure relief piston 201 and the pressure relief tray 301. The inner end cap 102 and the outer end cap 103 play a limiting role, restricting the movement of the pressure relief piston 201 and the pressure relief tray 301 after the pressure relief ends. The initial contact position of the resistance-increasing sleeve 101 and the pressure relief tray 301 before the pressure relief activity is arc-shaped. The casing diameter and wall thickness should meet the anchoring force requirements.

[0047] The pressure relief tray 301 is an improvement on the original tray, with increased inner and outer diameters. The outer surface of the inner diameter has equidistant ribs, which increases the sliding friction with the resistance sleeve 101. Before the pressure relief activity occurs, the initial contact position with the resistance sleeve 101 is arc-shaped. The inner diameter of the pressure relief tray 301 is smaller than the outer diameter of the resistance sleeve 101, and the strength of the pressure relief tray 301 is higher than that of the resistance sleeve 101. When the pressure of the surrounding rock 400 reaches the preset value, the pressure relief tray 301 begins to slide relative to the resistance sleeve 101, that is, the initial pressure relief, until the pressure relief tray 301 reaches the position of the outer end cap 103. During the sliding process, as the density of the outer ribs 101a on the surface of the resistance sleeve 101 increases, the support force provided increases.

[0048] The pressure-relief piston 201 consists of a frustum disc 201a and a cylindrical disc 201b. The diameter of the end of the frustum disc 201a is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the resistance-increasing sleeve 101, and the diameter of the tail is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the resistance-increasing sleeve 101. It is hollow inside and has equidistant ribs for tightening to the tail of the anchor rod 104. Before the pressure relief activity occurs, the initial contact position with the resistance-increasing sleeve 101 is arc-shaped, and the radius of the arc is larger than the radius of the arc at the contact position between the resistance-increasing sleeve 101 and the pressure-relief tray 301, thereby achieving the required surrounding rock pressure relief. When the pressure of 00 is greater than the pressure of the surrounding rock 400 when the pressure relief tray 301 is used for pressure relief, after the initial pressure relief ends, when the pressure of the surrounding rock 400 continues to increase, the longitudinal tension between the pressure relief piston 201 and the resistance sleeve 101 reaches the set value and begins to slide relative to each other, that is, the second pressure relief, until the pressure relief piston 201 reaches the position of the inner end cap 102 and ends. During the pressure relief process, the support force also increases. After that, if the surrounding rock 400 continues to deform, the anchor rod 104 will deform on its own, that is, the third pressure relief.

[0049] The pressure relief method with the prestressed graded resistance-increasing pressure relief device includes the following steps:

[0050] S1: First-stage pressure relief;

[0051] After the tunnel is first excavated, the deformation of the surrounding rock 400 is temporarily concentrated in the shallow area, mainly elastic deformation, and the pressure of the surrounding rock 400 is relatively small. At this time, a small support force can be set for the pressure relief. During the deformation of the surrounding rock 400, under the action of the pressure of the surrounding rock 400, the pressure applied by the surrounding rock 400 to the pressure relief tray 301 will generate longitudinal tension and radial pressure on the casing assembly 100. Under the action of longitudinal tension, the casing assembly 100 will be cold-drawn. Under the action of radial pressure, the casing assembly 100 will expand and deform into the internal space. When the pressure of the surrounding rock 400 reaches the set working resistance, the longitudinal tension exceeds the friction between the pressure relief tray 301 and the resistance-increasing sleeve 101. The pressure relief tray 301 begins to slide relative to the resistance-increasing sleeve 101, that is, the initial pressure relief, until the pressure relief tray 301 reaches the position of the outer end cap 103. During the sliding process, as the density of the outer ribs 101a on the surface of the sleeve increases, the support force provided increases.

[0052] S2: Secondary pressure relief;

[0053] As the deformation of the surrounding rock 400 progresses from shallow to deep, it evolves from elastic deformation to plastic and expansion deformation, and the deformation area increases. At this point, a higher support force is required for the pressure relief. Since the radius of the arc at the initial contact position between the pressure relief tray 301 and the resistance-increasing sleeve 101 is larger than the radius of the arc at the contact position between the resistance-increasing sleeve 101 and the pressure relief tray 301, the pressure of the surrounding rock 400 required for relative sliding is greater than the pressure of the surrounding rock 400 during the initial pressure relief process. After the initial pressure relief ends, when the pressure of the surrounding rock 400 increases to the support force set for the second-level pressure relief, the pressure relief piston 201 begins to slide relative to the resistance-increasing sleeve 101 until the pressure relief piston 201 reaches the position of the inner end cap 102. During the sliding process, as the density of the inner ribs 101b on the sleeve surface increases, the support force provided also increases.

[0054] S3: Three-stage pressure relief;

[0055] With the end of the second-stage pressure relief, the deformation in the shallower areas such as the loosened zone, damaged zone, and plastic zone after tunnel excavation is basically over. However, as time progresses, the rock strata in the anchorage zone will continue to deform under high stress and water. This process is adapted by the elongation of the rod. Since the stress is transmitted from deep to shallow, the deformation within the anchorage range is relatively uniform compared to the first-stage and second-stage pressure relief processes, and the deformation of the anchor rod 104 can be fully utilized. When the rod elongation reaches the preset length, the third-stage pressure relief stops. At this point, the pressure relief ends, realizing graded resistance-increasing pressure relief, and the pressure relief amount can be adjusted according to the actual situation.

[0056] When the deformation of the surrounding rock 400 is greater, a greater pressure relief can be achieved by increasing the length of the casing assembly 100.

[0057] The present invention relates to a prestressed graded resistance-increasing and pressure-relief device. By setting the density and depth of the inner and outer ribs of the resistance-increasing sleeve 101, and the radius of the arc of the contact surface between the pressure relief tray 301 and the pressure relief piston 201 and the sleeve assembly 100, the working resistance during graded pressure relief is adjusted. Since the diameters of the two sliding components are different, longitudinal tension and radial pressure occur under the pressure of the surrounding rock 400, thereby producing a cold drawing effect on the resistance-increasing sleeve 101. This causes the pressure relief tray 301 and the pressure relief piston 201 to slide longitudinally with the sleeve assembly 100, and the sleeve expands radially inward. In addition, the pressure relief amount can be set by setting the length of the sleeve assembly 100. When the length of the sleeve assembly 100 is 20cm, the preset limit pressure relief amount for the initial and secondary pressure relief is 15cm, and the total pressure relief amount is 15×2=30cm. When the length of the pressure relief ring is 30cm, the preset limit pressure relief amount for each ring is 25cm, and the total pressure relief amount is 25×2=50cm, not including the extension length of the rod.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] Reference Figures 2-8 This embodiment provides a prestressed graded resistance-increasing and pressure-reducing device. The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0060] Step 1: First, drill holes in the support tunnel. The diameter of the drill hole should match the diameter of the drill rod. After reaching the bottom, remove the drill rod and replace it with a larger drill bit to thicken the hole opening of the enlarged section. The diameter of the thickened section should match the outer diameter of the casing assembly 100. Then, level the surface of the surrounding rock 400 at the hole opening to ensure that the pressure relief tray 301 is as perpendicular as possible to the drill hole after installation. Alternatively, wooden wedges can be used to achieve leveling.

[0061] Step 2: Inject anchoring agent into the borehole. Insert the rod end, facing the bottom of the hole, through the pressure-relief piston 201, the casing assembly 100, and the pressure-relief tray 301 in sequence into the borehole. Tighten the nut 105 promptly to secure all components of the pressure-relief device, ensuring close contact between the pressure-relief piston 201 and the pressure-relief tray 301 and the first arc contact surface 102b and the second arc contact surface 103a of the casing assembly 100. Before the anchoring agent solidifies, tighten the nut 105 with the drilling rig to achieve the designed preload of 80KN. Figure 6 As shown, the pressure relief tray 301, pressure relief piston 201, and hexagonal nut 105 can be made of hard alloy or high-quality steel to ensure sufficient strength, and the resistance increasing sleeve 101 is made of steel that allows for appropriate deformation.

[0062] Step 3: Under the pressure of the surrounding rock 400, when the support resistance exceeds 80KN, because the radius of the arc at the contact position between the pressure relief tray 301 and the casing assembly 100 is larger than the radius of the arc at the contact position between the pressure relief piston 201 and the casing assembly 100, the pressure relief tray 301 and the casing assembly 100 slide relative to each other. As the deformation of the surrounding rock 400 increases, the relative sliding also gradually increases. As the rib density on the outer surface of the resistance-increasing sleeve 101 increases, the support resistance also increases. At the same time, due to the existence of radial pressure, the pressure relief tray 301 squeezes the casing assembly 100, causing it to expand and deform into the internal space. When the pressure relief tray 301 reaches the position of the outer end cap 103, the initial pressure relief ends, with a pressure relief amount of 15cm. At this time, the support resistance reaches 110KN. The set support resistance can be determined by experiments.

[0063] Step 4: Under the pressure of the surrounding rock 400, when the support resistance exceeds 110KN, the pressure-releasing piston 201 begins to slide relative to the resistance-increasing sleeve 101. As the deformation of the surrounding rock 400 increases, the relative sliding amount also gradually increases. Since the density of the ribs 101b inside the resistance-increasing sleeve 101 is getting larger and larger, the density of the piston ribs 201b-1 of the pressure-releasing piston 201 remains unchanged, and the internal space of the sleeve becomes smaller during the initial pressure relief process. The pressure-releasing piston 201 needs more force during the sliding process, that is, the support resistance provided is also getting larger and larger. When the pressure-releasing piston 201 reaches the position of the inner end cap 102, the second pressure relief ends, with a pressure relief amount of 15cm. At this time, the support resistance reaches 140KN.

[0064] Step 5: As the surrounding rock 400 continues to deform, the uneven deformation in the loosened and damaged areas and the plastic zone of the surrounding rock 400 is basically released. When facing high ground stress, it will continue to undergo compression deformation. At this time, the anchor bolt 104 begins to play a tensile role, that is, three-stage pressure relief. During the pressure relief process, the support force of the anchor bolt 104 and the pressure of the surrounding rock 400 are balanced and the pressure relief ends. The maximum pressure relief is the elongation of the anchor bolt 104. It is suitable for tunnels with a deformation of the surrounding rock 400 of about 50cm, and achieves the effect of a large pressure relief in a limited space.

[0065] It is important to note that the constructions and arrangements of this application shown in several different exemplary embodiments are merely illustrative. Although only a few embodiments are described in detail in this disclosure, those who consult this disclosure will readily understand that many modifications are possible (e.g., changes in the size, dimensions, structure, shape, and proportions of various elements, as well as parameter values ​​(e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.), mounting arrangements, use of materials, color, orientation, etc.) without substantially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described in this application). For example, an element shown as integrally formed may be composed of multiple parts or elements, the position of elements may be inverted or otherwise altered, and the nature or number or position of discrete elements may be changed or altered. Therefore, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be changed or rearranged according to alternative embodiments. In the claims, any "device plus function" clause is intended to cover the structure described herein that performs the function, and not only structurally equivalent but also equivalent in structure. Other substitutions, modifications, alterations, and omissions may be made in the design, operation, and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, but extends to various modifications that still fall within the scope of the appended claims.

[0066] Furthermore, in order to provide a concise description of exemplary embodiments, not all features of actual embodiments (i.e., those features that are not relevant to the currently considered best mode for carrying out the invention, or those features that are not relevant to implementing the invention) may be omitted.

[0067] It should be understood that numerous specific implementation decisions can be made during the development of any practical implementation, such as in any engineering or design project. Such development efforts may be complex and time-consuming, but for those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure, the development effort will be a routine work of design, manufacturing, and production without requiring much experimentation.

[0068] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A prestressed, graded resistance-increasing and pressure-relieving device, characterized in that: include, A casing assembly (100) includes a resistance-enhancing sleeve (101), an inner end cap (102), and an outer end cap (103), wherein the inner end cap (102) is disposed at one end of the resistance-enhancing sleeve (101) near the surrounding rock (400), and the outer end cap (103) is disposed at the other end of the resistance-enhancing sleeve (101); and, A piston assembly (200) includes a pressure-relief piston (201) and a piston anchor hole (202) extending through the center of the pressure-relief piston (201); and, A pallet assembly (300) includes a relief pallet (301) and pallet ribs (302), the pallet ribs (302) being disposed on one side surface of the relief pallet (301); The inner end cap (102) includes a sleeve anchor hole (102a) and a first arc contact surface (102b). The sleeve anchor hole (102a) is located at the center of the inner end cap (102), and the first arc contact surface (102b) is located at the connection between the outer surface of the inner end cap (102) and the resistance sleeve (101). The casing assembly (100) further includes an anchor rod (104), which is slidably connected to the casing anchor rod hole (102a) and the piston anchor rod hole (202); The pressure relief piston (201) includes a frustum disc (201a) and a cylindrical disc (201b), which are fixedly connected and slidably connected to the inner wall of the resistance-increasing sleeve (101). The outer surface of the cylindrical disk (201b) is provided with piston ribs (201b-1); The resistance-increasing sleeve (101) includes an outer rib (101a) and an inner rib (101b). The outer rib (101a) cooperates with the tray rib (302), and the density increases from one end of the inner end cap (102) to one end of the outer end cap (103). The inner rib (101b) matches the piston rib (201b-1), and the density increases from one end of the outer end cap (103) to the other end of the inner end cap (102); The outer end cap (103) includes a second arc contact surface (103a), which is disposed at the connection between the inner surface of the outer end cap (103) and the resistance sleeve (101); The sleeve assembly (100) further includes a nut (105), which is fixedly connected to the anchor rod (104) and is fixed to one end of the cylindrical disk (201b); The pressure relief tray (301) is fixed to the surface of the surrounding rock (400), the resistance-increasing sleeve (101), the inner end cap (102) and the anchor bolt (104) slide within the surrounding rock (400), and the outer end cap (103) is limited by the pressure relief tray (301).

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