An industrial self-driven carbon dioxide capture system and method of use

Abstract

The application discloses an industrial self-driven carbon dioxide capturing system and a use method thereof, and relates to the field of carbon dioxide capturing, and aims at solving the problems of high energy consumption and low efficiency in the prior art. The application discloses an industrial self-driven carbon dioxide capturing system and a use method thereof, and relates to the field of carbon dioxide capturing, and aims at solving the problems of high energy consumption and low efficiency in the prior art. The application utilizes a single-atom fluid solvent containing metal as an absorbent for capturing carbon dioxide, and the metal is added into the single-atom fluid solvent, so that the single-atom fluid has a high carbon dioxide capturing capacity, and meanwhile, the metal single atom and polyaniline in the single-atom fluid form a special conductive polymer, which can form a stable complex with carbon dioxide, and can generate an electric charge in the presence of an electrode and in a reaction process, the electric charge can be used as a driving force for solvent regeneration, thereby fundamentally reducing the energy consumption for regeneration and realizing self-driven carbon dioxide capturing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of process design, specifically to an industrial self-driven carbon dioxide capture system and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, industrial flue gas, after being treated to remove harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are subject to emission limits stipulated by national standards, can be directly discharged into the atmosphere from chimneys once it meets national emission standards. However, there are still no strict emission regulations regarding the carbon dioxide content in flue gas; in most cases, it is emitted into the atmosphere along with the flue gas, which is one of the reasons why my country's carbon dioxide emissions have remained consistently high. Industrial carbon dioxide emissions are a major component of my country's total carbon emissions. Traditional industrial carbon dioxide capture technology is the chemical absorption method proposed in the 1930s, which uses ethanolamine as an absorbent to absorb carbon dioxide from industrial flue gas, combined with a high-temperature steam stripping process to regenerate the ethanolamine, thereby releasing and capturing the carbon dioxide for utilization or storage. This technology has become the most widely used carbon dioxide treatment technology due to its advantages such as simple operation, simple process, and readily available raw materials. However, due to insurmountable problems such as the high temperature required for desorption of carbon dioxide-rich ethanolamine solution, the large amount of high-temperature steam required for carbon dioxide, and the high regeneration energy consumption of the desorption process (≥2.4MJ / kg CO2), the widespread industrial application of ethanolamine chemical absorption method is greatly limited (Forse, AC; Milner, PJ, New chemistry for enhanced carbon capture: beyond ammonium carbamates). Chemical Science 2021, 12 (2), 508-516.).

[0003] To address the high regeneration energy consumption of ethanolamine chemical absorption methods, researchers have recently proposed using various monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine in specific ratios to reduce energy consumption. While this method can reduce the energy consumption of the absorbent during desorption, the reduction is limited, only decreasing by 10-50%. For the enormous energy required for regeneration, this method only alleviates the problem but does not fundamentally solve it. Besides amine absorbents, researchers have also proposed various ionic liquids and metal-organic framework absorbents as highly efficient solvents to capture carbon dioxide. While these new solvents can increase the reaction rate of the absorption process and reduce the regeneration energy consumption of the carbon capture solvent, their effects are limited and they fail to fundamentally solve the serious energy consumption problem.

[0004] Therefore, in industrial carbon dioxide capture technology, there is still a lack of a solvent and device that can fundamentally solve the problem of regeneration energy consumption while effectively absorbing carbon dioxide. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the energy consumption problem in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide an industrial self-driven carbon dioxide capture system and its usage method.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: An industrial self-driven carbon dioxide capture system includes a solvent preparation system, a carbon dioxide absorption system, a solvent regeneration system, and an energy storage system; The solvent preparation system is connected to the carbon dioxide absorption system, and the carbon dioxide absorption system is connected to the solvent regeneration system; the solvent preparation system, the carbon dioxide absorption system, and the solvent regeneration system are connected to the energy storage system.

[0007] Furthermore, the solvent preparation system includes a stirred tank, the carbon dioxide absorption system includes an absorption tower, the solvent regeneration system includes a regeneration tower, and the energy storage system includes a capacitor; the stirred tank is connected to the absorption tower, the absorption tower is connected to the regeneration tower, and the stirred tank, the absorption tower, and the regeneration tower are connected to the capacitor.

[0008] Furthermore, the absorption tower is equipped with a liquid inlet, a lean liquor inlet, and a bottom outlet; the regeneration tower is equipped with a rich liquor inlet, a lean liquor outlet, and a liquid inlet. The outlet of the stirred tank is connected to the liquid inlet of the absorption tower via a single-atom fluid solvent pipeline, a solvent delivery pump, and a first regulating valve; The bottom outlet of the absorption tower is connected to the rich liquid inlet of the regeneration tower via a rich liquid transfer pump, a second regulating valve, a heat exchanger, a rich liquid transfer pipeline, and a fifth regulating valve. The lean liquor outlet of the regeneration tower is divided into two paths. One path is connected to the liquid inlet via a reboiler, and the other path is connected to the lean liquor inlet of the absorption tower via a lean liquor transfer pump, a fourth regulating valve, a lean liquor transfer pipeline, a heat exchanger, a first cooler, and a third regulating valve.

[0009] Furthermore, a third level transmitter connected to the first regulating valve is installed on the stirred tank; A first pressure transmitter connected to a third regulating valve is installed at the top of the absorption tower, and a second level transmitter connected to a second regulating valve is installed at the bottom of the absorption tower. A second pressure transmitter connected to the fifth regulating valve is installed at the top of the regeneration tower, and a second level transmitter connected to the fourth regulating valve is installed at the bottom of the regeneration tower.

[0010] Furthermore, the absorption tower is equipped with a spray and uniform liquid phase feeding device; the gas outlet of the regeneration tower is connected to a compressor.

[0011] Furthermore, the stirred tank is provided with a first stirring system electrode and a second stirring system electrode. The first stirring system electrode is connected to one end of a capacitor via a second wire, and the second stirring system electrode is connected to the other end of a capacitor via a first wire. The absorption tower is equipped with a first absorption tower bottom electrode and a second absorption tower bottom electrode. The first absorption tower bottom electrode is connected to one end of a capacitor via a fourth wire, and the second absorption tower bottom electrode is connected to the other end of a capacitor via a third wire. The regeneration tower is equipped with a first regeneration tower bottom electrode and a second regeneration tower bottom electrode. The second regeneration tower bottom electrode is connected to one end of a capacitor via a sixth wire, and the first regeneration tower bottom electrode is connected to the other end of a capacitor via a fifth wire.

[0012] Furthermore, a first semiconductor field-effect transistor is disposed on the first conductive wire; A second semiconductor field-effect transistor is disposed on the third conductor; A third semiconductor field-effect transistor is disposed on the fifth conductor.

[0013] The method of using an industrial self-driven carbon dioxide capture system as described above includes the following steps: A single-atom fluid is mixed with metal powder in a stirred tank to obtain a metal-containing single-atom fluid solvent. The metal-containing single-atom fluid solvent is then transported to an absorption tower. Industrial flue gas enters the absorption tower, where the metal-containing single-atom fluid solvent reacts with the industrial flue gas. Carbon dioxide in the industrial flue gas is absorbed by the metal-containing single-atom fluid solvent, forming a rich liquid. After heat exchange, the rich liquid is heated and then enters a regeneration tower, where it reacts under the influence of electric charge to generate carbon dioxide and a lean liquid solvent, thus achieving carbon dioxide capture.

[0014] Furthermore, the metal powder is cuprous hydride, nickel, platinum, or chromium.

[0015] Furthermore, the lean solvent enters the absorption tower, and after heat exchange, it enters the return absorption tower. The heat source for the regeneration tower comes from industrial waste heat at a temperature of 80-120℃; When carbon dioxide and lean solvent are produced by the reaction under the influence of charge, the charge comes from the monatomic fluid solvent containing metal.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention comprises a solvent preparation system, a carbon dioxide absorption system, a solvent regeneration system, and an energy storage system. The solvent preparation system mixes and prepares a single-atom fluid, a simple process that operates at room temperature and pressure, allowing for the one-step preparation of a highly efficient metal-containing single-atom fluid absorbent, which is then fed into the carbon dioxide absorption system. A conductive polymer is formed between the single-atom fluid metal and polyaniline. This conductive polymer forms a stable complex with carbon dioxide, thereby absorbing carbon dioxide. The absorption process not only exhibits a high reaction rate but also demonstrates a thermoelectric effect in the presence of electrodes, providing power for the solvent regeneration process. The charge generated during the absorption process drives the solvent regeneration process in the solvent regeneration system, fundamentally reducing energy consumption. Together with the solvent preparation system and the carbon dioxide absorption system, this forms a self-driven carbon dioxide capture system for industrial carbon dioxide capture. The charge generated by the solvent preparation system and the carbon dioxide absorption system is stored in the energy storage system and then released to the solvent regeneration system. In this invention, the solvent preparation system, carbon dioxide absorption system, solvent regeneration system, and energy storage system are used in combination, which is simple to operate and easy to assemble. It reduces the huge energy consumption in the traditional solvent regeneration process, solves the application problem of high energy consumption in chemical absorption methods, and can provide a new way to capture carbon dioxide from industrial exhaust gas.

[0017] Furthermore, the lean liquid at the bottom of the regeneration tower and the rich liquid at the bottom of the absorption tower undergo heat exchange in the heat exchanger, thereby using the temperature of the rich liquid to increase the inlet temperature of the lean liquid and improve the reaction rate of the regeneration tower.

[0018] This invention utilizes a metal-containing single-atom fluid solvent as an absorbent for capturing carbon dioxide. Adding metal single atoms to the single-atom fluid solvent not only gives it a high carbon dioxide capture capacity, but also allows it to form a special conductive polymer with polyaniline in the single-atom fluid. This polymer not only forms a stable complex with carbon dioxide, but also generates charges in the presence of electrodes and during the reaction process. These charges accumulate and serve as a driving force for solvent regeneration, fundamentally reducing regeneration energy consumption. Leveraging this characteristic of the solvent, this invention proposes an industrial self-driven carbon dioxide capture system. Electrodes are introduced into the existing single-atom fluid preparation and absorption devices to collect the charges generated when the single-atom fluid solvent absorbs carbon dioxide. These charges are stored as energy and power the solvent regeneration system. Without relying on external energy, the system desorbs carbon dioxide-rich liquid while simultaneously storing system energy, regenerating the single-atom fluid solvent, which is then recycled back to the carbon dioxide absorption system, thus forming a self-driven carbon dioxide capture system.

[0019] Furthermore, using industrial waste heat at 80-120℃ as a heat source for the reboiler can not only effectively utilize waste heat for waste heat recovery, but also improve the regeneration reaction rate and enhance the carbon dioxide capture effect. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an industrial self-driven carbon dioxide capture system.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the usage of an industrial self-driven carbon dioxide capture system.

[0022] In the diagram, 1 is the electrode of the first stirring system, 2 is the electrode of the second stirring system, 3 is the electrode of the first absorption tower bottom, 4 is the electrode of the second absorption tower bottom, 5 is the electrode of the first regeneration tower bottom, 6 is the electrode of the second regeneration tower bottom, 7 is the single-atom fluid solvent pipeline, 8 is the rich solution delivery pipeline, 9 is the lean solution delivery pipeline, 10 is the solvent delivery pump, 11 is the rich solution delivery pump, 12 is the lean solution delivery pump, 13 is the first regulating valve, 14 is the second regulating valve, 15 is the third regulating valve, 16 is the fourth regulating valve, 17 is the fifth regulating valve, 18 is the first level transmitter, and 19 is the second pressure transmitter. Transmitter, 20 is a heat exchanger, 21 is a first cooler, 22 is a second cooler, 23 is a reboiler, 24 is a first wire, 25 is a second wire, 26 is a third wire, 27 is a fourth wire, 28 is a fifth wire, 29 is a sixth wire, 30 is a compressor, 31 is a first semiconductor field-effect transistor, 32 is a semiconductor field-effect transistor, 33 is a semiconductor field-effect transistor, 34 is a capacitor, 35 is a stirred tank, 36 is an absorption tower, 37 is a regeneration tower, 38 is a second level transmitter, 39 is a second pressure transmitter, and 40 is a third level transmitter. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] See Figure 1 The present invention provides an industrial self-driven carbon dioxide capture system, which mainly includes four systems: a solvent preparation system, a carbon dioxide absorption system, a solvent regeneration system, and an energy storage system. The solvent preparation system includes a stirred tank 35, which is equipped with a solvent inlet, a metal inlet, and an outlet. A first stirring system electrode 1 and a second stirring system electrode 2 are also provided on the stirred tank 35. Solvent is added to the stirred tank 35 through the solvent inlet, and metal is added to the stirred tank 35 through the metal inlet.

[0025] The charge generated in the stirred tank 35 is divided into two paths. One path is connected to one end of the capacitor 34 through the first stirring system electrode 1 and the second wire 25. The other path is connected to the other end of the capacitor 34 through the second stirring system electrode 2 and the first wire 24. A first semiconductor field-effect transistor 31 is disposed on the first wire 24.

[0026] The solvent is a solvent with charge-generating properties (the main components of the solvent are dimethylformamide, polyaniline, and polyvinylidene fluoride, etc., and the solvent is the metal-containing single-atom fluid in the patent: a method for preparing a metal-containing single-atom fluid, application number 202110807666.8). The solvent and metal powder (such as cuprous hydride, nickel, platinum, or chromium, etc.) are continuously stirred at 25°C and 0.1 MPa to obtain a carbon dioxide absorption solvent. The mass ratio of solvent to metal is 62.5:1 to 250:1.

[0027] The carbon dioxide absorption system includes an absorption tower 36 for reacting industrial flue gas with a single-atom fluid solvent, capturing carbon dioxide in the industrial flue gas within the absorption tower 36, and the absorption tower 36 is equipped with a spray and uniform liquid phase feed device.

[0028] The absorption tower 36 is equipped with an industrial flue gas inlet, a liquid feed inlet, a purified flue gas outlet, a lean liquor inlet, and a discharge outlet. After the reaction, the purified flue gas leaves the absorption tower 36 from the purified flue gas outlet at the top of the tower. The rich liquor at the bottom of the absorption tower 36 is connected to the regeneration tower 37 of the solvent regeneration system via the discharge outlet, rich liquor transfer pump 11, second regulating valve 14, heat exchanger 20, rich liquor transfer pipeline, and fifth regulating valve 17.

[0029] Industrial flue gas enters the absorption tower 36 through the industrial flue gas inlet.

[0030] The outlet of the stirred tank 35 is connected to the liquid inlet of the absorption tower 36 via a single-atom fluid solvent pipeline 7, a solvent delivery pump 10, and a first regulating valve 13. A third level transmitter 40 connected to the first regulating valve 13 is installed on the stirred tank 35 to control the liquid level of the stirred tank 35.

[0031] The absorption tower 36 is also equipped with a first absorption tower bottom electrode and a second absorption tower bottom electrode 4. The charge generated in the absorption tower 36 is divided into two paths. One path is connected to one end of the capacitor 34 through the first absorption tower bottom electrode and the fourth wire 27, and the other path is connected to the other end of the capacitor 34 through the second absorption tower bottom electrode 4 and the third wire 26.

[0032] A second semiconductor field-effect transistor 32 is disposed on the third conductor 26.

[0033] The solvent regeneration system includes a regeneration tower 37, a lean liquor transfer pump 12, a fourth regulating valve 16, a lean liquor transfer pipeline 9, a heat exchanger 20, a first cooler 21, a third regulating valve 15, a reboiler 23, a second cooler 22, and a compressor 30.

[0034] The regeneration tower 37 is equipped with a rich liquid inlet, a lean liquid outlet, a gas outlet, and a liquid inlet.

[0035] The rich liquid at the bottom of the tower after absorbing carbon dioxide (monatomic fluid rich liquid) reacts in the regeneration tower 37 to separate carbon dioxide and monatomic fluid solvent lean liquid. The monatomic fluid solvent lean liquid is recycled to the carbon dioxide absorption system for reuse. The rich liquid inlet of the regeneration tower 37 is connected to the bottom outlet of the absorption tower 36. The lean liquid outlet of the regeneration tower 37 is divided into two paths: one path is connected to the liquid inlet via the reboiler 23, and the other path is connected to the lean liquid inlet of the absorption tower 36 via the lean liquid transfer pump 12, the fourth regulating valve 16, the lean liquid transfer pipeline 9, the heat exchanger 20, the first cooler 21, and the third regulating valve 15.

[0036] Using industrial waste heat at 80-120℃ as the heat source for reboiler 23 can not only effectively utilize waste heat for residual heat recovery, but also improve the regeneration reaction rate and enhance carbon dioxide capture efficiency.

[0037] The lean liquid at the bottom of regeneration tower 37 and the rich liquid at the bottom of absorption tower 36 undergo heat exchange in heat exchanger 20, thereby using the temperature of the rich liquid to increase the inlet temperature of the lean liquid and increase the reaction rate of regeneration tower 37.

[0038] The gas outlet of regeneration tower 37 is connected to compressor 30 via second cooler 22.

[0039] The energy storage system includes a capacitor 34 for collecting the charge generated by the solvent preparation system and the absorption system, and for releasing the charge to the solvent regeneration system, thereby providing the driving force for the regeneration reaction.

[0040] The absorption tower 36 is provided with a first absorption tower bottom electrode 3 and a second absorption tower bottom electrode 4. The charge generated in the absorption tower 36 is connected to one end of the capacitor 34 through the first absorption tower bottom electrode 3 and the fourth wire 27, and the other end is connected to the other end of the capacitor 34 through the second absorption tower bottom electrode 4 and the third wire 26.

[0041] A second semiconductor field-effect transistor 32 is disposed on the third conductor 26.

[0042] The regeneration tower 37 is provided with a first regeneration tower bottom electrode 5 and a second regeneration tower bottom electrode 6. The charge generated by the regeneration tower 37 is connected to one end of the capacitor 34 through the second regeneration tower bottom electrode 6 and the sixth wire 29, and the other end is connected to the other end of the capacitor 34 through the first regeneration tower bottom electrode 5 and the fifth wire 28.

[0043] A third semiconductor field-effect transistor 33 is disposed on the fifth conductor 28.

[0044] The first semiconductor field-effect transistor 31, the second semiconductor field-effect transistor 32, and the third semiconductor field-effect transistor 33 are used to control the on / off state of the charge circuit, thereby controlling the storage or release of charge.

[0045] The feed to the solvent regeneration system is the rich liquid at the bottom of the heat exchanged absorption tower 36. After reacting in the regeneration tower 37, the lean liquid leaves the regeneration tower 37 from the bottom and is recycled to the absorption tower 36 after heat exchange.

[0046] The energy storage system is connected to three loops: the solvent preparation system, the carbon dioxide absorption system, and the solvent regeneration system. Each loop is controlled by a semiconductor field-effect transistor to store or release charge.

[0047] The top of the absorption tower 36 is equipped with a first pressure transmitter 19 connected to a third regulating valve 15. The pressure at the top of the tower is controlled by adjusting the flow rate through the third regulating valve 15. The bottom of the absorption tower 36 is equipped with a second level transmitter 18 connected to a second regulating valve 14. The bottom level of the tower is controlled by adjusting the flow rate through the second regulating valve 14.

[0048] A second pressure transmitter 39 connected to a fifth regulating valve 17 is installed at the top of the regeneration tower 37. The pressure at the top of the tower is controlled by adjusting the flow rate through the fifth regulating valve 17. A second level transmitter 38 connected to a fourth regulating valve 16 is installed at the bottom of the regeneration tower 37. The liquid level at the bottom of the tower is controlled by adjusting the flow rate through the fourth regulating valve 16.

[0049] The monatomic fluid from the solvent preparation system enters the carbon dioxide absorption system as a solvent, and comes into countercurrent contact with the industrial flue gas in the absorption tower 36, where a reaction occurs. The carbon dioxide in the flue gas is absorbed by the solvent in the absorption tower 36, and the purified tail gas with carbon dioxide removed leaves the carbon dioxide absorption system from the top of the absorption tower 36. The solvent (rich liquid) that has absorbed carbon dioxide is pumped to the solvent regeneration system.

[0050] Under the charge effect of the energy storage system, the rich liquid from the absorption system is ionized into carbon dioxide in the regeneration tower 37 of the regeneration unit. After releasing carbon dioxide, it leaves the regeneration system from the bottom of the tower as a lean liquid and is transported to the carbon dioxide absorption system for reuse after passing through a heat exchange device.

[0051] The energy storage system stores the charge generated in the solvent regeneration system and the carbon dioxide absorption system and uses it for single-atom fluid regeneration. It uses three semiconductor field-effect transistors to automatically control the energy storage and release of the solvent preparation system, the carbon dioxide absorption system and the solvent regeneration system.

[0052] When the solvent preparation system generates charge, the first semiconductor field-effect transistor 31 is activated, and the charge can be stored in the capacitor 34. When the complex in the bottom of the absorber 36 generates charge, the second semiconductor field-effect transistor 32 is activated, and the charge can be stored in the capacitor 34. When the charge stored in the capacitor 34 is used to drive the reaction in the regeneration tower 37, the third semiconductor field-effect transistor 33 is activated, and the capacitor 34 releases the charge.

[0053] See Figure 2 The method of using the industrial self-driven carbon dioxide capture system of the present invention includes the following steps: The solvent and metal powder are thoroughly mixed in the stirred tank 35 for a long time and stirred to obtain a metal-containing single-atom fluid solvent. The solvent is then transported to the top inlet of the carbon dioxide absorption system by the solvent delivery pump 10 through the single-atom fluid solvent pipeline 7. A regulating valve 13 is installed on the single-atom fluid solvent pipeline 7 to regulate the liquid level in the stirred tank 35 and the flow rate of the solvent delivered to the absorption tower 36. At the same time, the charge generated by the metal-containing single-atom fluid solvent is stored in the capacitor 34 of the energy storage unit through the first stirring system electrode 1, the second stirring system electrode 2, the first wire 24, and the second wire 25. The first semiconductor field-effect transistor 31 controls the storage of charge in the solvent preparation system. When turned on, the charge can be stored in the capacitor 34. Solvent delivery pump 10 delivers the solvent to the top of the absorption tower 36 of the absorption system. Industrial flue gas enters from the bottom of the absorption tower 36. The gas and liquid phases undergo full countercurrent contact and reaction in the absorption tower 36. The purified flue gas, after carbon dioxide removal, leaves from the top of the absorption tower 36. After the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is absorbed by the solvent, the liquid at the bottom of the tower leaves the absorption tower 36 through the rich liquid delivery pump 11. The second regulating valve 14 regulates the liquid level at the bottom of the absorption tower 36 and the flow rate of the rich liquid delivery pipeline 8 through the level transmitter 18. The rich liquid delivery pipeline 8 and the lean liquid delivery pipeline 9 at the bottom of the regeneration tower 37 exchange heat in the heat exchanger 20. After the temperature of the rich liquid rises, it enters the regeneration tower 37 of the regeneration system. The charge generated by the complex formed by carbon dioxide and the monatomic fluid solvent is stored in the capacitor 34 of the energy storage unit through the first absorption tower bottom electrode 3, the second absorption tower bottom electrode 4, the third wire 26, and the fourth wire 27. The first semiconductor field-effect transistor 32 controls the storage of charge in the absorption system. When turned on, it can store the charge in the capacitor 34. The rich liquor from the absorption system enters the top of the regeneration tower 37 via the rich liquor delivery pipe 8. Under the influence of industrial waste heat and charge provided by the reboiler 23, it reacts to generate carbon dioxide and lean liquor solvent. The lean liquor solvent is then pumped back to the absorption system by the lean liquor delivery pump 12. After passing through the heat exchanger 20, it is further cooled by the first cooler 21 before being recycled back to the absorption tower 36. The third regulating valve 15 regulates the pressure at the top of the absorption tower 36 and the flow rate of the lean liquor entering the absorption tower 36 via the pressure transmitter 19 at the bottom of the tower. The heat source for the reboiler 23 of the regeneration tower 37 comes from industrial waste heat (temperature approximately 80-120℃). The system recovers this portion of industrial waste heat to enhance the regeneration process. Carbon dioxide leaves the system from the top of the regeneration tower 37 via the second cooler 22. After being compressed by the compressor 30, it can be used or stored, thus achieving the purpose of carbon dioxide capture.

[0054] Solvent preparation system: The preparation process of single-atom fluid is simple, and the operation is at room temperature and pressure. A highly efficient metal-containing single-atom fluid absorbent can be prepared in one step and sent into the carbon dioxide absorption system through the raw material delivery pipe.

[0055] Carbon dioxide absorption system: It utilizes a conductive polymer formed by a single-atom fluid metal single atom and polyaniline to form a stable complex with carbon dioxide. The absorption process not only has a high reaction rate, but also exhibits thermoelectric effects in the presence of electrodes and during the reaction process, which can provide power for the solvent regeneration process.

[0056] Solvent regeneration process: The charge generated during the absorption process is used to drive the solvent regeneration process, fundamentally reducing energy consumption. Together with the solvent preparation and absorption processes, it forms a self-driven carbon dioxide capture system for industrial carbon dioxide capture. Energy storage system: The system uses electrodes and wires to store the charge generated by the solvent preparation and absorption system through capacitors, and uses three semiconductor field-effect transistors to control the on / off operation of energy storage and release in the solvent system, absorption unit system and regeneration system.

[0057] The advantages of this invention are as follows: This invention uses a single-atom metal fluid as a solvent to capture carbon dioxide. It achieves self-driven carbon dioxide capture and energy storage through the interconnection of four systems: a solvent preparation system, a carbon dioxide absorption system, a solvent regeneration system, and an energy storage system. The solvent regeneration process is driven by the charge generated by the solvent preparation and absorption systems, enabling the recycling of the absorbent and solving the problem of high energy consumption during the regeneration of traditional ethanolamine-based carbon dioxide capture systems in industry. This system is simple to install, has low operating and maintenance costs, and is environmentally friendly.

Claims

1. An industrial self-driven carbon dioxide capture system, characterized in that, It includes a solvent preparation system, a carbon dioxide absorption system, a solvent regeneration system, and an energy storage system; The solvent preparation system is connected to the carbon dioxide absorption system, and the carbon dioxide absorption system is connected to the solvent regeneration system; the solvent preparation system, carbon dioxide absorption system, and solvent regeneration system are connected to the energy storage system. The solvent preparation system includes a stirred tank (35), the carbon dioxide absorption system includes an absorption tower (36), the solvent regeneration system includes a regeneration tower (37), and the energy storage system includes a capacitor (34); the stirred tank (35) is connected to the absorption tower (36), the absorption tower (36) is connected to the regeneration tower (37), and the stirred tank (35), the absorption tower (36), and the regeneration tower (37) are connected to the capacitor (34); The stirred tank (35) is provided with a first stirring system electrode (1) and a second stirring system electrode (2). The first stirring system electrode (1) is connected to one end of the capacitor (34) via a second wire (25), and the second stirring system electrode (2) is connected to the other end of the capacitor (34) via a first wire (24). The absorption tower (36) is provided with a first absorption tower bottom electrode (3) and a second absorption tower bottom electrode (4). The first absorption tower bottom electrode is connected to one end of the capacitor (34) via a fourth wire (27), and the second absorption tower bottom electrode (4) is connected to the other end of the capacitor (34) via a third wire (26). The regeneration tower (37) is provided with a first regeneration tower bottom electrode (5) and a second regeneration tower bottom electrode (6). The second regeneration tower bottom electrode (6) is connected to one end of the capacitor (34) via a sixth wire (29), and the first regeneration tower bottom electrode (5) is connected to the other end of the capacitor (34) via a fifth wire (28). A first semiconductor field-effect transistor (31) is disposed on the first wire (24); a second semiconductor field-effect transistor (32) is disposed on the third wire (26); and a third semiconductor field-effect transistor (33) is disposed on the fifth wire (28).

2. The industrial self-driven carbon dioxide capture system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The absorption tower (36) is equipped with a liquid inlet, a lean liquid inlet and a bottom outlet; the regeneration tower (37) is equipped with a rich liquid inlet, a lean liquid outlet and a liquid inlet. The outlet of the stirred tank (35) is connected to the liquid inlet of the absorption tower (36) via a single-atom fluid solvent pipeline (7), a solvent delivery pump (10), and a first regulating valve (13); The bottom outlet of the absorption tower (36) is connected to the rich liquid inlet of the regeneration tower (37) via the rich liquid transfer pump (11), the second regulating valve (14), the heat exchanger (20), the rich liquid transfer pipeline, and the fifth regulating valve (17). The lean liquid outlet of the regeneration tower (37) is divided into two paths. One path is connected to the liquid inlet via the reboiler (23), and the other path is connected to the lean liquid inlet of the absorption tower (36) via the lean liquid transfer pump (12), the fourth regulating valve (16), the lean liquid transfer pipeline (9), the heat exchanger (20), the first cooler (21), and the third regulating valve (15).

3. The industrial self-driven carbon dioxide capture system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A third level transmitter (40) connected to the first regulating valve (13) is installed on the stirred tank (35). The top of the absorption tower (36) is equipped with a first pressure transmitter (19) connected to the third regulating valve (15), and the bottom of the absorption tower (36) is equipped with a second level transmitter (18) connected to the second regulating valve (14). The top of the regeneration tower (37) is equipped with a second pressure transmitter (39) connected to the fifth regulating valve (17), and the bottom of the regeneration tower (37) is equipped with a second level transmitter (38) connected to the fourth regulating valve (16).

4. The industrial self-driven carbon dioxide capture system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The absorption tower (36) is equipped with a spray and uniform liquid phase feeding device; the gas outlet of the regeneration tower (37) is connected to a compressor (30).

5. The method of using an industrial self-driven carbon dioxide capture system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The single-atom fluid and metal powder are mixed in a stirred tank (35) to obtain a metal-containing single-atom fluid solvent. The metal-containing single-atom fluid solvent is then transported to an absorption tower (36). Industrial flue gas enters the absorption tower (36), where the metal-containing single-atom fluid solvent reacts with the industrial flue gas in the absorption tower (36). Carbon dioxide in the industrial flue gas is absorbed by the metal-containing single-atom fluid solvent, forming a rich liquid. After heat exchange, the rich liquid is heated and then enters a regeneration tower (37). Under the action of charge, it reacts to generate carbon dioxide and a lean liquid solvent, thus achieving carbon dioxide capture. The lean solvent enters the absorption tower (36), and after heat exchange, it enters the return absorption tower (36). The heat source for the regeneration tower (37) comes from industrial waste heat at a temperature of 80-120℃; When carbon dioxide and lean solvent are produced by the reaction under the influence of charge, the charge comes from the monatomic fluid solvent containing metal.

6. The method of using an industrial self-driven carbon dioxide capture system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The metal powder is cuprous hydride, nickel, platinum, or chromium.

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