A heavy tile windbreak wall for tunnel cold protection and its working method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a heavy-tile windbreak wall for cold protection in tunnels and a working method. A heavy-tile windbreak wall for cold protection in tunnels comprises a plurality of cycloid-type windbreak wall panels arranged on the ground, each cycloid-type windbreak wall panel comprising a single frame and a metal skin, the single frame comprising a frame front column, a frame middle column, a frame rear column and a cycloid-type frame crossbeam, the frame front column, the frame middle column and the frame rear column are all vertically arranged on the ground, the positions where the frame front column, the frame middle column and the frame rear column are arranged form the central axis of the windbreak wall panel, the central axis of the windbreak wall panel is the brachistochrone line, the frame front column, the frame middle column and the frame rear column are connected by a cycloid-type frame crossbeam, cycloid-type frame crossbeams are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the frame front column, the frame middle column and the frame rear column, and a metal skin is provided on the outside of the single frame. The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of traditional thermal insulation measures, reduce the exchange of external heat with heat inside the tunnel, effectively stabilize the temperature field of the tunnel entrance section, and avoid the occurrence of frost damage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel frost damage prevention and control, and particularly relates to a heavy-tile type windbreak wall for tunnel cold protection and a working method. Background Art

[0002] Tunnels are a common structural form in the current public transportation construction field and are an important national basic transportation facility. A fast and smooth transportation network is a prerequisite for economic development. The area of ​​seasonally frozen areas in my country is about 520km 2 , accounting for 54% of China's land area. Seasonal frost damage is a major challenge facing tunnels in these regions. The number of tunnels in these regions is increasing year by year, and frost damage continues to occur, causing immeasurable economic losses.

[0003] The heat exchange between the tunnel structure near the portal section, the surrounding rock medium near the tunnel, and the air medium is the reason for changing the temperature field of the portal section and inducing various types of frost damage. At present, the frost damage prevention and control measures for cold-region tunnels can be divided into two types: passive prevention and control and active prevention and control. Active insulation measures achieve insulation by introducing external heat. Common ones include laying electric auxiliary heating and installing geothermal pipes. Active insulation measures are effective in enhancing the frost resistance of tunnels, but their application is limited due to the huge consumption of system construction or operation. The design concept of passive insulation measures is to achieve insulation by isolating external heat from the tunnel structure and exchanging heat without changing the natural boundary conditions of the tunnel. Common ones include laying insulation layers, installing cold-proof doors, setting air curtains or building insulated open tunnels, or setting up drainage systems to drain water behind the lining to avoid frost damage.

[0004] Air curtains can block cold air from entering tunnels, preventing heat exchange with the tunnel structure and thus protecting the tunnel from cold. However, their effectiveness in isolating cold air is reduced in windy weather, and the high costs associated with constructing and operating these systems have limited their application. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of traditional insulation measures, reduce the exchange of external heat and heat inside the tunnel, and avoid the occurrence of frost damage. Based on the basic principles of aerodynamics, a heavy-tile windbreak wall and a working method for tunnel cold protection are proposed.

[0006] A heavy-tile windbreak wall for tunnel cold protection includes several cycloid-type windbreak wall panels arranged on the ground, each cycloid-type windbreak wall panel includes a single frame and a metal skin, the single frame includes a frame front column, a frame middle column, a frame rear column and a cycloid-type frame crossbeam, the frame front column, the frame middle column and the frame rear column are all vertically arranged on the ground, the positions where the frame front column, the frame middle column and the frame rear column are arranged form the central axis of the windbreak wall panel, the central axis of the windbreak wall panel is the brachistochrone line, the frame front column, the frame middle column and the frame rear column are connected by a cycloid-type frame crossbeam, the cycloid-type frame crossbeams are respectively arranged at the upper end, middle part and lower end of the frame front column, the frame middle column and the frame rear column, and the metal skin is provided on the outside of the single frame.

[0007] The single frames are connected by longitudinal connecting beams, which are arranged on cycloid frame cross beams at both ends of the single frames to form an overall frame of the windbreak wall, which is arranged on the ground.

[0008] The metal skin is connected to the single frame by self-tapping screws.

[0009] The center axis of the windbreak wall panel is expressed as:

[0010]

[0011] Where: x is the vertical dimension of the tunnel; y is the horizontal dimension of the tunnel; L i It is the dimension of the axis along the transverse direction of the tunnel, that is, the cycloid circle diameter.

[0012] Dimensions L of several cycloid windbreak panels along the tunnel transverse direction i It gradually increases outward along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel from the tunnel entrance in an arithmetic progression. L1 is the horizontal dimension of the first cycloid windbreak panel close to the tunnel entrance. L1 is 2.5-3.5m, with a difference of 0.4-0.6m.

[0013] The cycloid-type windbreak wall panels are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the tunnel entrance along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the number of the cycloid-type windbreak wall panels on each side is greater than six.

[0014] The height of the cycloid windbreak wall panel is higher than the height of the inner contour of the tunnel entrance.

[0015] The center lines of the rear columns of the frames of the front-swing type windbreak wall panels and the front columns of the frames of the rear-swing type windbreak wall panels are kept consistent in the transverse direction of the tunnel.

[0016] The front column, middle column and rear column of the frame are spliced ​​with round steel, C-shaped steel or U-shaped steel, and the cycloid frame cross beam and longitudinal connecting beam are all made of square steel.

[0017] A working method of a heavy-tile windbreak wall for cold protection in tunnels. When a cold current comes, the cycloid-type windbreak wall panels on the windward side adjust the incoming wind direction so that the wind flows in the opposite direction of the tunnel entrance and interacts with the airflow not affected by the windbreak wall panels, effectively blocking the cold current from flowing into the tunnel; under the action of the cycloid-type windbreak wall panels on the opposite side, the cold current airflow flows along the wall panels, which can keep the cold current airflow away from the tunnel entrance.

[0018] Compared to existing technologies, the cycloid windbreak panel's central axis utilizes the brachistodescending curve to efficiently adjust natural wind direction. Three cycloid frame beams within a single frame ensure the windbreak's cycloid shape. The cycloid windbreak panel's frame structure is simple, highly engineered, and standardized, resulting in a strong structural integrity that maximizes its cold-shielding effectiveness. Based on aerodynamic principles, the heavy-tile windbreak structure of the present invention guides natural air flow, effectively isolating cold winter air from entering the tunnel. By reducing the amount of cold air entering the tunnel and weakening heat exchange between it and the tunnel structure, the temperature field at the tunnel entrance is effectively stabilized, preventing frost damage.

[0019] Furthermore, the present invention employs longitudinal connecting beams to connect the single-frame structure, enhancing the stability of the windbreak wall. The windbreak wall adheres to standardized dimensional requirements and strict positioning requirements, meeting the fundamental principles of the present invention and effectively regulating natural wind. The windbreak wall of the present invention has a simple structure, is easy to install and construct, has a low manufacturing cost, and has virtually no maintenance costs, thus having a wide range of applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a heavy-tile windbreak wall according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall framework of the windbreak wall of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the windbreak wall frame beam of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a single-frame structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the cycloid windshield wall panel of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 A top view of the cycloid windshield wall panel of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the windbreak wall panels of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of guiding air flow according to the present invention;

[0028] In the figure: 1. Front column of the frame; 2. Middle column of the frame; 3. Rear column of the frame; 4. Cycloid frame crossbeam; 5. Longitudinal connecting beam; 6. Cycloid windbreak wall panel; 7. Ground; 8. Overall frame of the windbreak wall; 9. Frame beam of the windbreak wall; 10. Single-frame frame; 11. Metal skin; 12. Self-tapping screws; 13. Center axis of the windbreak wall panel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown in FIG, a heavy tile windbreak wall structure for tunnel cold protection includes a plurality of cycloid windbreak wall panels 6 arranged on the ground 7, each cycloid windbreak wall panel 6 includes a single frame 10 and a metal skin 11. Figure 4 As shown, the single-frame frame 10 includes a front frame column 1, a middle frame column 2, a rear frame column 3 and a cycloid frame crossbeam 4. The front frame column 1, the middle frame column 2 and the rear frame column 3 are all vertically arranged on the ground 7. The positions of the front frame column 1, the middle frame column 2 and the rear frame column 3 form the windbreak wall panel center axis 13, which is the fastest descent line. The front frame column 1, the middle frame column 2 and the rear frame column 3 are connected by a cycloid frame crossbeam 4. The cycloid frame crossbeam 4 is respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the front frame column 1, the middle frame column 2 and the rear frame column 3. Figure 2 As shown, the single frame 10 is connected by a longitudinal connecting beam 5 to form a windbreak wall overall frame 8, which is set on the ground 7 to ensure structural stability. Figure 3 As shown, the windbreak wall frame beam 9 is formed by the cycloid frame beam 4 and the longitudinal connecting beam 5. Figure 5 As shown, a light metal skin 11 is laid on the outside of a single frame 10 and fixed by self-tapping screws 12 to form a cycloid windshield wall panel 6.

[0031] like Figures 5-7 As shown, the central axis 13 of the windshield wall panel is the fastest drop line (cycloid). The cycloid-shaped windshield wall panel 6 can effectively adjust the natural wind direction by adopting this shape. The central axis 13 of the windshield wall panel can be expressed as:

[0032]

[0033] Where: x is the vertical dimension along the tunnel; y is the horizontal dimension along the tunnel; L i It is the dimension of the axis along the transverse direction of the tunnel, that is, the cycloid circle diameter.

[0034] The cycloid windshield panels 6 are arranged in a gradual manner along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, gradually expanding from the tunnel entrance to the outside, so as to minimize the space required for installing the windshield panels 6 near the tunnel entrance. Under the premise of meeting the shape of the central axis 13 of the windshield panel, the dimension L of each cycloid windshield panel 6 along the transverse direction of the tunnel is iStarting from the tunnel entrance, it gradually increases outward along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. L1 can be 2.5-3.5m. The increasing method is an arithmetic progression, and the difference can be 0.4-0.6m.

[0035] The cycloid windshield panels 6 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the tunnel entrance along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, with more than six cycloid windshield panels 6 arranged on each side. The height of the cycloid windshield panels 6 should be higher than the height of the inner contour of the tunnel entrance. The center lines of the front wall panel frame rear column 3 and the rear wall panel frame front column 1 of adjacent cycloid windshield panels 6 are aligned in the transverse direction of the tunnel. Figure 8 As shown, when winter cold winds arrive, the windward-facing cycloid windshield panels 6 adjust the incoming wind direction, directing it away from the tunnel entrance. These panels interact with airflow unaffected by the panels, effectively blocking the cold air from entering the tunnel. The opposing cycloid windshield panels 6 then flow along the panels, diverting the cold air away from the tunnel entrance. The combined effect of the cycloid windshield panels 6 significantly reduces the amount of cold air entering the tunnel, mitigating freezing damage.

[0036] A method for installing and operating a heavy tile windbreak wall structure for tunnel cold protection comprises the following steps:

[0037] Step 1: Determine the frame size and distance between the cycloid windbreak panels 6 and position them near the tunnel entrance.

[0038] Step 2: Install the windbreak wall frame 8. Use cycloid crossbeams 4 to connect the front, middle, and rear columns 1, 2, and 3 to form a single-frame frame 10. The front, middle, and rear columns 1, 2, and 3 can be made of round steel, C-shaped steel, U-shaped steel, or other materials. Their height should be greater than the tunnel entrance height. The cycloid crossbeams 4 at the upper ends of the single-frame frame 10 are connected by longitudinal connecting beams 5 to form the windbreak wall frame 8, which is then fixed to the ground 7. The cycloid crossbeams 4 and longitudinal connecting beams 5 can be made of square steel or other materials to ensure structural stability, assembling them into a stable spatial force-bearing system.

[0039] Step three: lay a light metal skin 11 or other engineering metal or non-metallic material skin on the outside of the single frame 10 to ensure that it is not easy to deform. Use self-tapping screws 12 to fix the light metal skin 11 to the front column 1, the middle column 2, the rear column 3 and the upper and lower cycloid beams 4 of the frame to form a cycloid windbreak wall panel structure 6.

[0040] Under the action of cold airflow in winter, the cycloid windshield wall panel structure 6 on the windward side can make the cold air flow in the direction away from the tunnel entrance, and interact with the airflow not affected by the cycloid windshield wall panel structure 6 on the windward side to prevent it from flowing into the tunnel; at the same time, the cold airflow will flow along the cycloid windshield wall panel structure 6 on the opposite side, making the cold airflow away from the tunnel entrance. The combined action of the two can effectively prevent the cold airflow from entering the tunnel.

Claims

1. A heavy tile windbreak wall for tunnel cold protection, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of cycloid-type windshield wall panels (6) arranged on the ground (7), each cycloid-type windshield wall panel (6) comprises a single frame (10) and a metal skin (11), the single frame (10) comprises a frame front column (1), a frame middle column (2), a frame rear column (3) and a cycloid-type frame crossbeam (4), the frame front column (1), the frame middle column (2) and the frame rear column (3) are all vertically arranged on the ground (7), the frame front column (1), the frame middle column (2) ) and the rear column (3) of the frame are provided to form a central axis (13) of the windshield wall panel, the central axis (13) of the windshield wall panel is the fastest descent line, the front column (1), the middle column (2) and the rear column (3) of the frame are connected by a cycloid frame crossbeam (4), the upper end, the middle part and the lower end of the front column (1), the middle column (2) and the rear column (3) of the frame are provided with a cycloid frame crossbeam (4), and the single frame (10) is provided with a metal skin (11) on the outside; The single-frame frames (10) are connected by longitudinal connecting beams (5), and the longitudinal connecting beams (5) are arranged on the cycloid frame cross beams (4) at both ends of the single-frame frames (10) to form a windbreak wall overall frame (8), and the windbreak wall overall frame (8) is arranged on the ground (7); The cycloid-shaped windbreak wall panels (6) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the tunnel entrance along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the number of the cycloid-shaped windbreak wall panels (6) on each side is greater than six; The height of the cycloid-shaped windbreak wall panel (6) is higher than the height of the inner contour of the tunnel opening; The center lines of the frame rear column (3) of the front pendulum-shaped windshield wall panel (6) and the frame front column (1) of the rear pendulum-shaped windshield wall panel (6) are consistent in the transverse direction of the tunnel; The dimension L of the cycloid windbreak wall panels (6) along the tunnel transverse direction i The length of the windshield increases gradually from the tunnel entrance to the outside along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel in an arithmetic progression. L1 is the dimension of the first cycloid-shaped windbreak wall panel (6) near the tunnel entrance along the transverse direction of the tunnel. L1 is 2.5-3.5m, with a difference of 0.4-0.6m.

2. A heavy tile windbreak wall for tunnel cold protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal skin (11) and the single frame (10) are connected via self-tapping screws (12).

3. The heavy tile windbreak wall for tunnel cold protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The center axis (13) of the windbreak wall panel is expressed as: Where: x is the dimension along the tunnel ordinate; y is the dimension along the tunnel’s horizontal axis; L i It is the dimension of the axis along the transverse direction of the tunnel, that is, the cycloid circle diameter.

4. The heavy tile windbreak wall for tunnel cold protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame front column (1), the frame middle column (2) and the frame rear column (3) are spliced ​​by round steel, C-shaped steel or U-shaped steel, and the cycloid frame cross beam (4) and the longitudinal connecting beam (5) are both made of square steel.

5. A method for operating a heavy tile windbreak wall for tunnel cold protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: When a cold current comes, the cycloid-shaped windbreak wall plate (6) on the windward side adjusts the incoming wind direction so that the wind flows in the opposite direction of the tunnel entrance and interacts with the airflow not affected by the windbreak wall plate, thereby effectively preventing the cold current from flowing into the tunnel; Under the action of the cycloid-shaped windbreak wall panels (6) on the opposite side, the cold air current flows along the wall panels, which can keep the cold air current away from the tunnel entrance.

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