A monitoring device for debris flow monitoring and early warning

Abstract

The present application provides a monitoring device for debris flow monitoring and early warning, belonging to the technical field of debris flow. The monitoring device for debris flow monitoring and early warning includes a flow channel dam building component and a sand discharging and flow splitting component. The diversion and pressure relief of sediment, water flow and stones are completed through the gap between the sand discharging roller shaft and the hydrophobic roller shaft, weakening the flow rate, downstream discharge and energy of the debris flow, so as to reduce the hazards such as scouring, impact and siltation of the downstream construction projects by the debris flow. The intercepting dam frame, the flow blocking plate and the hydrophobic roller shaft are inclined to form a dam, transferring the impact force of the water flow through the pressure dividing platform into the downward pressure on the anchoring plate, and cooperating with the anchoring effect of the flow channel anchor rod, firmly fixing the device on the current debris flow path section, improving the flood resistance intensity of the device, reducing the construction conditions and construction costs, realizing the diversion and pressure relief of the debris flow by a small-sized and prefabricated engineering structure, and being applicable to the long-term comprehensive treatment of debris flow in deep mountain valleys.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of debris flow, and more particularly, to a monitoring device for debris flow monitoring and early warning. Background Art

[0002] Debris flow refers to a special flood in mountainous areas or other areas with deep valleys and steep terrains, which is caused by heavy rain, heavy snow or other natural disasters, resulting in landslides and carrying a large amount of sediment and stones. Under appropriate topographical conditions, a large amount of water soaks into the solid accumulation materials on the flowing slopes or gully beds, reducing their stability. The water-saturated solid accumulation materials move under their own gravity, forming debris flow. Usually, debris flow breaks out suddenly and powerfully, and can carry huge stones. Due to its high-speed advance and powerful energy, it is extremely destructive. Debris flow often washes away transportation facilities such as highways and railways, and even villages and towns, causing huge losses. Generally, engineering measures such as debris retaining dams, sediment storage sites, retaining projects, and flood interception projects are used to control the solid substances of debris flow and the runoff of heavy rain and flood, weaken the flow rate, discharge volume and energy of debris flow, reduce the scouring, impact and siltation hazards of debris flow on downstream construction projects, and issue early warnings to the downstream in a timely manner through monitoring and early warning devices installed on the engineering measures.

[0003] However, existing debris flow control projects all require certain construction conditions. The difficult transportation of a large amount of engineering materials caused by deep valleys in mountainous areas, and the difficulty of entering the engineering foundation earthwork excavation equipment. Some common debris flow projects are difficult to carry out both in terms of cost and construction. Small-sized and prefabricated engineering structures have the risk of insufficient strength and being easily washed away and damaged by debris flow, and cannot be long-term applicable to the comprehensive management of debris flow in deep valleys of mountainous areas. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. For this purpose, this application proposes a monitoring device for debris flow monitoring and early warning, which grouts and fixes the high-incidence path of debris flow through an anchor structure, and constructs a support for the interception dam body of debris flow; quickly discharges the sediment accumulated in the lower layer of the dam building device, and absorbs the impact force of the intercepted debris flow stones.

[0005] This application is implemented as follows:

[0006] This application provides a monitoring device for debris flow monitoring and early warning, including a flow channel dam building component and a sediment discharge and diversion component.

[0007] The flow channel dam building assembly includes an anchor plate, flow channel anchor rods, quicksand anchor seats, solid stone anchor seats, interception dam frames, and pressure dividing platforms. The upper ends of the flow channel anchor rods penetrate through the anchor plate. The quicksand anchor seats are arranged on one group of the anchor plates, and the solid stone anchor seats are arranged on the other group of the anchor plates. The interception dam frames are respectively inserted into the quicksand anchor seats and the solid stone anchor seats. The lower end of the pressure dividing platform is inserted into the anchor plate, and the upper end of the pressure dividing platform is arranged on the interception dam frame. The sand discharge and diversion assembly includes single spring seats, first sliding seats, first springs, sand discharge roller shafts, double spring seats, second sliding seats, second springs, and hydrophobic roller shafts. The single spring seats are evenly arranged between the interception dam frames. The first sliding seats slide through the single spring seats. One end of the first spring penetrates through the single spring seat, and the other end of the first spring penetrates through the first sliding seat. The two ends of the sand discharge roller shaft are rotatably connected between the first sliding seats. The double spring seats are evenly arranged between the interception dam frames. The second sliding seats slide through the double spring seats. One end of the second spring penetrates through the double spring seat, and the other end of the second spring penetrates through the second sliding seat. The two ends of the hydrophobic roller shaft are rotatably connected between the second sliding seats.

[0008] In an embodiment of the present application, a grout stop plug is arranged at the upper end of the flow channel anchor rod, and the grout stop plug is inserted into the anchor plate.

[0009] In an embodiment of the present application, quicksand grooves are evenly formed on the quicksand anchor seat.

[0010] In an embodiment of the present application, inserting plates are arranged on the quicksand anchor seat and the solid stone anchor seat, and the inserting plates are fixedly sleeved on the interception dam frame.

[0011] In an embodiment of the present application, sliding rails are arranged in the single spring seat and the double spring seat, and the first sliding seat and the second sliding seat slide between the sliding rails.

[0012] In an embodiment of the present application, a first clamping frame is arranged between the interception dam frames, and the single spring seats are evenly arranged in the first clamping frame.

[0013] In an embodiment of the present application, a second clamping frame is arranged between the interception dam frames, and the double spring seats are evenly arranged in the second clamping frame.

[0014] In an embodiment of the present application, a pressure dividing column is arranged at the lower end of the pressure dividing platform, and the pressure dividing column is inserted into the anchor plate.

[0015] In an embodiment of the present application, a pressure dividing arm is arranged at the upper end of the pressure dividing platform, and the pressure dividing arm is fixed to the interception dam frame.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present application, flow blocking plates are evenly arranged between adjacent intercepting dam frames.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present application, the monitoring device for debris flow monitoring and early warning further includes a solid stone dam building component and a damage monitoring component.

[0018] The solid stone dam building component includes a solid stone railing frame, solid stone railings, a collision prevention railing frame, collision prevention railings and a self-rotating roller shaft. The solid stone railing frame is arranged between the intercepting dam frames. The solid stone railings are evenly inserted between the solid stone railing frames. The collision prevention railing frame is arranged between the intercepting dam frames. The collision prevention railings are evenly inserted between the collision prevention railing frames. The self-rotating roller shaft is fixed to one end of the hydrophobic roller shaft. The damage monitoring component includes a flow pressure frame, a monitoring main body, an instability shaft rod and a warning main body. The flow pressure frames are evenly arranged on the intercepting dam frames. The monitoring main body is arranged on the pressure dividing platform. The instability shaft rod is rotatably connected between adjacent intercepting dam frames. The warning main bodies are evenly arranged on the intercepting dam frames.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present application, first slots are evenly arranged in the solid stone railing frame, and the solid stone railings are inserted into the first slots. Second slots are evenly arranged in the collision prevention railing frame, and the collision prevention railings are inserted into the second slots.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present application, guide fan blades are evenly arranged on the self-rotating roller shaft, and rotating ears are rotatably arranged on the surface of the instability shaft rod, and the rotating ears are fixed to the intercepting dam frames.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present application, distance fixing blocks are arranged on the intercepting dam frames of adjacent warning main bodies, the warning main bodies face the distance fixing blocks, a support is arranged on the monitoring main body, and the support is fixed to the pressure dividing platform.

[0022] In one embodiment of the present application, a first instability plate is arranged on the anchor plate, the first instability plate faces the first instability plate, a second instability plate is arranged on the pressure dividing platform, and the second instability plate faces the second instability plate.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: A monitoring device for debris flow monitoring and early warning obtained through the above design in this application, during use, the prefabricated device is transported to the deep valleys and ravines in mountainous areas in batches through slings, the gravel in the construction area is cleared to keep the supporting ground as flat as possible, anchor bolt drilling and grouting are carried out at intervals, and the anchor holes are sealed to reduce the scouring and erosion of water flow. The anchoring plate is continuously fixed on the cross-section of the debris flow path through the anchor bolts. When debris flow occurs in the deep valleys and ravines in mountainous areas, the lower layer of the debris flow has a slow flow rate and carries a large amount of sediment, and the sediment is quickly discharged through the gap at the lower end of the sand discharge roller shaft and the grooves on the quicksand anchor seat, reducing the phenomenon of overtopping the dam caused by sediment deposition in front of the device and the phenomenon of the debris flow accumulating too much energy and impacting and destroying the dam. The sand discharge roller shaft and the hydrophobic roller shaft jointly intercept the stones carried in the debris flow, and the impact force generated by the impact of the stones is absorbed through the first spring and the second spring. The diversion and pressure relief of sediment, water flow and stones are completed through the gap between the sand discharge roller shaft and the hydrophobic roller shaft, weakening the flow rate, discharge volume and energy of the debris flow, so as to reduce the hazards such as scouring, impact and burial of the downstream construction projects by the debris flow. The intercepting dam frame, the flow blocking plate and the hydrophobic roller shaft are inclined to form a dam, and the impact force of the water flow is transferred to the downward pressure on the anchoring plate through the pressure dividing platform. Cooperating with the anchoring effect of the flow channel anchor bolts, the device is firmly fixed on the current cross-section of the debris flow path, improving the flood resistance strength of the device, reducing the construction conditions and construction costs, realizing the diversion and pressure relief of debris flow by a small-sized and prefabricated engineering structure, and being applicable to the long-term comprehensive treatment of debris flow in deep valleys and ravines in mountainous areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings required for the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application, and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other related drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the monitoring device for debris flow monitoring and early warning provided by the embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the flow channel dam building component provided by the embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a partial three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the flow channel dam building component provided by the embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the sand discharge and diversion component provided by the embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the stone fixing and dam building component provided by the embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 6 Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the damage monitoring component provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0031] In the figure: 100 - runner dam building component; 110 - anchoring plate; 111 - first instability plate; 120 - runner anchor bolt; 121 - grout stopper; 130 - quicksand anchor seat; 131 - quicksand trough; 132 - insertion plate; 140 - solid stone anchor seat; 151 - first bracket; 152 - second bracket; 153 - flow blocking plate; 154 - spacing block; 160 - pressure dividing platform; 161 - pressure dividing column; 162 - pressure dividing arm; 163 - second instability plate; 300 - sand discharge and diversion component; 310 - single spring seat; 311 - slide rail; 320 - first sliding seat; 330 - first spring; 340 - sand discharge roller shaft; 350 - double spring seat; 360 - second sliding seat; 370 - second spring; 380 - hydrophobic roller shaft; 500 - solid stone dam building component; 510 - solid stone railing frame; 511 - first slot; 520 - solid stone railing; 530 - anti-collision railing frame; 531 - second slot; 540 - anti-collision railing; 550 - self-rotating roller shaft; 551 - guide fan blade; 700 - damage monitoring component; 710 - flow pressure frame; 720 - monitoring main body; 721 - support; 730 - instability shaft rod; 731 - rotating ear; 740 - warning main body. Detailed implementation manners

[0032] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Apparently, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0034] Embodiment

[0035] As Figures 1-6As shown in the figure, the monitoring device for debris flow monitoring and early warning according to the embodiments of the present application includes a channel dam building component 100, a sand discharging and flow dividing component 300, a stone fixing and dam building component 500, and a damage monitoring component 700. The sand discharging and flow dividing component 300 is installed inside the channel dam building component 100, the stone fixing and dam building component 500 is installed inside the channel dam building component 100, and the damage monitoring component 700 is installed on the channel dam building component 100. The channel dam building component 100 fixes the high-incidence path of debris flow by grouting through an anchor structure, and constructs a dam body support for intercepting debris flow; the sand discharging and flow dividing component 300 quickly discharges the sediment accumulated in the lower layer of the dam building device, and absorbs the impact force of the intercepted debris flow stones; the stone fixing and dam building component 500 drives the sand discharging and flow dividing component 300 to rotate by the impact of the mud fluid, and quickly guides the stones intercepted by the sand discharging and flow dividing component 300 onto the stone fixing and dam building component 500 to build a dam on both sides of the channel; the structures of the sand discharging and flow dividing component 300 and the damage monitoring component 700 convert the impact of the mud fluid into a downward pressure on the channel dam building component 100 to increase the stability of the device. After the device becomes unstable, the damage monitoring component 700 gathers into an arc-shaped stable support structure, weakens the flow rate, discharge volume and energy of the debris flow, and gives an early warning to the downstream in time.

[0036] As Figures 2-6 shown, existing debris flow control projects all require certain construction conditions. It is difficult to transport a large amount of engineering materials due to the deep valleys in mountainous areas, and it is difficult for earthwork excavation equipment for engineering foundations to enter. Some common debris flow projects are difficult to carry out both in terms of cost and construction. Miniaturized and prefabricated engineering structures have the risk of insufficient strength and being easily washed away and damaged by debris flow, and cannot be applied to the comprehensive management of debris flow in deep valleys of mountainous areas for a long time.

[0037] The channel dam building component 100 includes an anchor plate 110, a channel anchor rod 120, a quicksand anchor seat 130, a stone fixing anchor seat 140, an interception dam frame, and a pressure dividing platform 160. The upper end of the channel anchor rod 120 penetrates through the anchor plate 110, and a grout stop plug 121 is arranged at the upper end of the channel anchor rod 120, and the channel anchor rod 120 is welded to the grout stop plug 121. The grout stop plug 121 is inserted into the anchor plate 110, and the grout stop plug 121 is welded to the anchor plate 110. The quicksand anchor seat 130 is arranged on one group of anchor plates 110, and the quicksand anchor seat 130 is welded to the anchor plate 110. The stone fixing anchor seat 140 is arranged on the other group of anchor plates 110, and the stone fixing anchor seat 140 is welded to the anchor plate 110. The interception dam frame is respectively inserted into the quicksand anchor seat 130 and the stone fixing anchor seat 140. Insertion plates 132 are arranged on the quicksand anchor seat 130 and the stone fixing anchor seat 140, and the insertion plates 132 are fixedly sleeved on the interception dam frame, specifically fixed on the quicksand anchor seat 130 and the stone fixing anchor seat 140 by bolts penetrating through the interception dam frame. The lower end of the pressure dividing platform 160 is inserted into the anchor plate 110, a pressure dividing column 161 is arranged at the lower end of the pressure dividing platform 160, and the pressure dividing platform 160 is sleeved on the pressure dividing column 161 and fixed by screws.

[0038] Among them, the pressure dividing column 161 is inserted into the anchoring plate 110. Specifically, the anchoring plate 110 is provided with a groove, and the pressure dividing column 161 is inserted into the groove and fixed by bolts. The upper end of the pressure dividing platform 160 is arranged on the intercepting dam frame. A pressure dividing arm 162 is arranged at the upper end of the pressure dividing platform 160. The pressure dividing arm 162 is integrally formed with the pressure dividing platform 160. The pressure dividing arm 162 is fixed on the intercepting dam frame, and the pressure dividing arm 162 is bolted to the intercepting dam frame. The flow blocking plates 153 are evenly arranged between adjacent intercepting dam frames, and the flow blocking plates 153 are welded to the intercepting dam frames.

[0039] The sand discharging and flow dividing assembly 300 includes a single spring seat 310, a first sliding seat 320, a first spring 330, a sand discharging roller shaft 340, a double spring seat 350, a second sliding seat 360, a second spring 370 and a hydrophobic roller shaft 380. The single spring seats 310 are evenly arranged between the intercepting dam frames. A first clamping frame 151 is arranged between the intercepting dam frames. The first clamping frame 151 is bolted to the intercepting dam frame and then welded. The single spring seats 310 are evenly arranged in the first clamping frame 151, and the single spring seats 310 are bolted to the first clamping frame 151. The first sliding seat 320 slides through the single spring seat 310. One end of the first spring 330 passes through the single spring seat 310, and the other end of the first spring 330 passes through the first sliding seat 320, which is convenient for limiting the first spring 330. Both ends of the sand discharging roller shaft 340 are rotatably connected between the first sliding seats 320. Specifically, bearings are arranged in the first sliding seats 320, and both ends of the sand discharging roller shaft 340 are fixed in the bearings. The double spring seats 350 are evenly arranged between the intercepting dam frames. A second clamping frame 152 is arranged between the intercepting dam frames. The second clamping frame 152 is bolted to the intercepting dam frame and then welded.

[0040] Among them, the double spring seats 350 are evenly arranged in the second clamping frame 152, and the double spring seats 350 are bolted to the second clamping frame 152. The second sliding seat 360 slides through the double spring seat 350. Slide rails 311 are arranged in the single spring seat 310 and the double spring seat 350. The first sliding seat 320 and the second sliding seat 360 are integrally formed and slide between the slide rails 311. One end of the second spring 370 passes through the double spring seat 350, and the other end of the second spring 370 passes through the second sliding seat 360 to limit the second spring 370. Both ends of the hydrophobic roller shaft 380 are rotatably connected between the second sliding seats 360. Specifically, bearings are arranged in the second sliding seats 360, and both ends of the hydrophobic roller shaft 380 are fixed in the bearings. Sand flowing grooves 131 are evenly opened on the flowing sand anchor seat 130.

[0041] Transport the prefabricated device to the deep valleys and ravines in the mountainous area in batches through slings. Clear the gravel in the construction area to keep the supporting ground as flat as possible. Drill and grout the anchor bolts at intervals, and seal the anchor holes through the grout plug 121 to reduce the scouring and erosion of water flow. Continuously fix the anchor plate 110 on the cross-section of the debris flow path through the anchor bolts. When debris flow occurs in the deep valleys and ravines in the mountainous area, the lower layer of the debris flow has a slow flow velocity and carries a large amount of sediment. The sediment is quickly discharged through the gap at the lower end of the sediment discharge roller shaft 340 and the slots on the quicksand anchor seat 130, reducing the phenomenon of overtopping the dam caused by sediment deposition in front of the device and the phenomenon of the debris flow accumulating too much energy and impacting and destroying the dam. The sediment discharge roller shaft 340 and the hydrophobic roller shaft 380 jointly intercept the stones carried in the debris flow, and the first spring 330 and the second spring 370 absorb the impact force generated by the impact of the stones. The gap between the sediment discharge roller shaft 340 and the hydrophobic roller shaft 380 is used to complete the diversion and pressure relief of sediment, water flow and stones, weakening the flow rate, downstream discharge volume and energy of the debris flow, so as to reduce the scouring, impact and burial hazards of the debris flow on the downstream construction project. The interception dam frame, the flow blocking plate 153 and the hydrophobic roller shaft 380 are inclined to form a dam. The impact force of the water flow is transferred to the downward pressure on the anchor plate 110 through the pressure dividing platform 160. Cooperating with the anchoring effect of the flow channel anchor bolt 120, the device is firmly fixed on the current cross-section of the debris flow path, improving the flood resistance of the device, reducing the construction conditions and construction costs, and realizing the diversion and pressure relief of the debris flow by a small-sized, prefabricated engineering structure, which is applicable to the long-term comprehensive treatment of debris flow in the deep valleys and ravines in the mountainous area.

[0042] The solid stone dam building component 500 includes a solid stone fence frame 510, solid stone railings 520, an anti-collision fence frame 530, anti-collision railings 540 and a self-rotating roller shaft 550. The solid stone fence frame 510 is arranged between the interception dam frames, and the solid stone fence frame 510 is bolted and welded to the interception dam frames. The solid stone railings 520 are evenly inserted between the solid stone fence frames 510. The first slots 511 are evenly arranged in the solid stone fence frame 510, and the solid stone railings 520 are inserted into the first slots 511. The solid stone railings 520 are bolted to the solid stone fence frame 510 to increase the supporting strength of the solid stone railings 520. The anti-collision fence frame 530 is arranged between the interception dam frames, and the anti-collision fence frame 530 is bolted and welded to the interception dam frames. The anti-collision railings 540 are evenly inserted between the anti-collision fence frames 530. The second slots 531 are evenly arranged in the anti-collision fence frame 530, and the anti-collision railings 540 are inserted into the second slots 531. The anti-collision railings 540 are bolted to the anti-collision fence frame 530 to increase the supporting strength of the anti-collision railings 540. The self-rotating roller shaft 550 is fixed to one end of the hydrophobic roller shaft 380, and the self-rotating roller shaft 550 is key-connected to the hydrophobic roller shaft 380.

[0043] Among them, the diversion fan blades 551 are evenly arranged on the self-rotating roller shaft 550. Specifically, the diversion fan blades 551 are internally sleeved on the surface of the self-rotating roller shaft 550 and fixed by screws to reduce the impact of stones. Through the self-rotating roller shaft 550, it is convenient to transfer the stones to both sides of the dam body.

[0044] In areas with frequent debris flows, the infiltration of heavy rainfall and the change of the groundwater layer path often occur, resulting in the movement of the sliding body on the sliding bed and the change of the topography and geomorphology of the foundation of the debris flow interception project. These will cause the foundation failure of the debris flow interception project. The prefabricated device with the solid-rock dam-building component 500 is arranged at both ends of the cross-section of the debris flow path. The stones at the lower layer of the debris flow are blocked by the sediment riverbed and have a small impact velocity. After being intercepted and absorbed by the sand-discharging roller shaft 340 and the first spring 330, they stay in front of the dam to form a submerged dam, absorbing the impact energy of the debris flow in advance. The number of stones at the upper layer of the debris flow is small but the impact is large. After being intercepted and absorbed by the hydrophobic roller shaft 380, the second spring 370 and the self-rotating roller shaft 550, the traveling direction is changed immediately. Under the impact of the water flow, the guide fan blade 551 inside the self-rotating roller shaft 550 will drive the self-rotating roller shaft 550 to rotate in the same direction, thereby driving the stones to roll towards the solid-rock dam-building components 500 on both sides of the dam. The solid-rock railing 520 and the anti-collision railing 540 intercept the rolling stones, so that the stones accumulate on both sides of the dam to reinforce the dam body, absorbing the impact energy of the debris flow in advance. At the same time, the gap between the solid-rock railing 520 and the anti-collision railing 540 does not affect the passage of the water flow in the debris flow. Similarly, the inclined setting of the anti-collision railing 540 can convert the impact of the water flow into the downward pressure on the anchor plate 110 through the pressure-dividing platform 160, using natural stones to reinforce the dam body and absorb the impact energy of the debris flow, reducing the instability of the dam body device caused by the change of topography and geomorphology, and is suitable for the long-term comprehensive treatment of debris flows in deep mountain valleys.

[0045] The damage monitoring component 700, the damage monitoring component 700 includes a flow pressure frame 710, a monitoring main body 720, an instability shaft rod 730 and a warning main body 740. The flow pressure frames 710 are uniformly arranged on the interception dam frame, and the flow pressure frames 710 are bolted to the interception dam frame. The monitoring main body 720 is arranged on the pressure-dividing platform 160. There is a support 721 on the monitoring main body 720. The support 721 is fixed on the pressure-dividing platform 160, and the support 721 is screwed to the monitoring main body 720 and the pressure-dividing platform 160 respectively. The impact of the debris flow on the monitoring main body 720 is reduced through the blocking effect of the flow pressure frame 710. The instability shaft rod 730 is rotatably connected between adjacent interception dam frames. There is a rotating ear 731 rotatably arranged on the surface of the instability shaft rod 730. Specifically, the rotating ear 731 is slidably sleeved on the surface of the instability shaft rod 730. The rotating ear 731 is fixed on the interception dam frame, and the rotating ear 731 is welded to the interception dam frame. There is a first instability plate 111 on the anchor plate 110. The first instability plate 111 is welded to the anchor plate 110, and the first instability plate 111 faces the first instability plate 111.

[0046] Among them, a second instability plate 163 is provided on the voltage dividing platform 160. The second instability plate 163 is welded to the voltage dividing platform 160, and the second instability plate 163 faces the second instability plate 163. The warning main body 740 is evenly arranged on the intercepting dam frame, and the warning main body 740 is bolted to the intercepting dam frame. A distance fixing block 154 is arranged on the intercepting dam frame of adjacent warning main bodies 740. The distance fixing block 154 is bolted to the intercepting dam frame, and the warning main body 740 faces the distance fixing block 154.

[0047] The debris flow intercepting dam body has an interception upper limit. For miniaturized and prefabricated engineering structures, there is a risk of being washed away and damaged when exceeding the interception upper limit. The damage of the engineering structure is a slow process, and it is difficult for existing monitoring devices to monitor and give early warnings of the damage of these engineering structures in a timely manner. By the inclined setting of the flow pressure frame 710, the water flow impact force is converted, and through the voltage dividing platform 160, it is converted into a downward pressure on the anchor plate 110, while protecting the monitoring main body 720 from impact and occlusion. The monitoring main body 720 monitors the position of the self-rotating roller shaft 550, calculates the current debris flow impact force through the compression force of the second spring 370, and uploads it to the remote terminal for recording. When the overall or partial anchor rod foundation of the dam body device becomes unstable, under the combined action of the instability shaft rod 730 and the water flow impact, adjacent dam body devices will gather and retract, and a stable connection structure is formed by the mutual abutment of the first instability plate 111 and the second instability plate 163. Under the unstable condition, the debris flow is intercepted, diverted and pressure relieved to a certain extent. By monitoring the distance between the warning main body 740 and the distance fixing block 154, the current unstable dam body device and its degree are judged, and it is uploaded to the remote terminal for evaluation and early warning, so as to achieve the maximum protection of the debris flow and on-site monitoring and early warning, and timely give early warnings to protect people's property safety.

[0048] Specifically, the working principle of the monitoring device for debris flow monitoring and early warning: The prefabricated device is transported to the deep valleys and ravines in the mountainous areas in batches through suspension cables. The gravel in the construction area is cleared to keep the supporting ground as flat as possible. Anchor rod drilling and grouting are carried out at intervals, and the anchor holes are sealed through the grout stopper 121 to reduce the scouring and erosion of water flow. The anchoring plate 110 is continuously fixed on the debris flow path cross-section through the anchor rod. When debris flow appears in the deep valleys and ravines in the mountainous areas, the flow velocity of the lower layer of the debris flow is slow and it carries a large amount of sediment. The sediment is quickly discharged through the gap at the lower end of the sediment discharge roller shaft 340 and the slots on the quicksand anchor seat 130, reducing the phenomenon of overtopping the dam caused by sediment deposition in front of the device and the phenomenon of the debris flow accumulating too much energy and impacting and destroying the dam. The sediment discharge roller shaft 340 and the hydrophobic roller shaft 380 jointly intercept the stones carried in the debris flow, and the first spring 330 and the second spring 370 absorb the impact force generated by the impact of the stones. The gap between the sediment discharge roller shaft 340 and the hydrophobic roller shaft 380 is used to complete the diversion and pressure relief of sediment, water flow and stones, weakening the flow rate, downstream discharge and energy of the debris flow, so as to reduce the hazards of scouring, impact and burial of the downstream construction projects by the debris flow. The interception dam frame, the flow blocking plate 153 and the hydrophobic roller shaft 380 are inclined to form a dam, transferring the impact force of the water flow through the pressure dividing platform 160 into the downward pressure on the anchoring plate 110, and cooperating with the anchoring effect of the flow path anchor rod 120 to firmly fix the device on the current debris flow path cross-section, improving the flood resistance intensity of the device, reducing the construction conditions and construction costs, realizing the diversion and pressure relief of the debris flow by the small-sized and prefabricated engineering structure, and being applicable to the long-term comprehensive treatment of debris flow in the deep valleys and ravines in the mountainous areas.

[0049] Furthermore, the strong rainfall infiltration and the change of the groundwater layer path often accompanied in the high-incidence debris flow area lead to the movement of the sliding body on the sliding bed and the change of the topography of the foundation of the debris flow interception project, which will cause the foundation failure of the debris flow interception project. The prefabricated device with the solid-rock dam-building component 500 is arranged at both ends of the cross-section of the debris flow path. The stones at the lower layer of the debris flow are blocked by the sediment riverbed and have a small impact velocity. After being intercepted and absorbed by the sand-discharging roller shaft 340 and the first spring 330, they stay in front of the dam to form a submerged dam, absorbing the impact energy of the debris flow in advance. The number of stones at the upper layer of the debris flow is small but the impact is large. After being intercepted and absorbed by the hydrophobic roller shaft 380, the second spring 370 and the self-rotating roller shaft 550, their traveling directions are changed immediately. Under the impact of the water flow, the guide fan blades 551 inside the self-rotating roller shaft 550 will drive the self-rotating roller shaft 550 to rotate in the same direction, thus driving the stones to roll towards the solid-rock dam-building components 500 on both sides of the dam. The solid-rock railings 520 and the anti-collision railings 540 intercept the rolling stones, so that the stones on both sides of the dam accumulate to form a dam to reinforce the dam body, absorbing the impact energy of the debris flow in advance. At the same time, the gap between the solid-rock railings 520 and the anti-collision railings 540 does not affect the passage of the water flow in the debris flow. Similarly, the inclined setting of the anti-collision railings 540 can convert the impact of the water flow into the downward pressure on the anchor plate 110 through the pressure-dividing platform 160, using natural stones to reinforce the dam body and absorb the impact energy of the debris flow, reducing the instability of the dam body device caused by the change of the topography. It is suitable for the long-term comprehensive treatment of debris flows in deep mountain valleys.

[0050] In addition, there is an interception upper limit for the debris flow interception dam body. For the miniaturized and prefabricated engineering structure, exceeding the interception upper limit will face the risk of being washed away and damaged. The destruction of the engineering structure is a slow process, and it is difficult for the existing monitoring equipment to monitor and give early warnings of the damage of these engineering structures in time. The inclined setting of the flow pressure frame 710 converts the water flow impact force, and through the pressure-dividing platform 160, it is converted into the downward pressure on the anchor plate 110, while protecting the monitoring body 720 from the impact. The monitoring body 720 monitors the position of the self-rotating roller shaft 550, calculates the current impact force of the debris flow through the compression force of the second spring 370, and uploads it to the remote terminal for recording. When the overall or partial anchor foundation of the dam body device becomes unstable, under the combined action of the unstable shaft rod 730 and the water flow impact, the adjacent dam body devices will gather and retract, and a stable connection structure is formed by the mutual resistance of the first unstable plate 111 and the second unstable plate 163. Under the unstable condition, the debris flow is intercepted, diverted and pressure-relieved to a certain extent. By monitoring the distance between the early warning body 740 and the fixed-distance block 154, the current unstable dam body device and the degree are judged, and it is uploaded to the remote terminal for evaluation and early warning, realizing the maximum protection of the debris flow and on-site monitoring and early warning, and giving early warnings in time to protect the safety of people's property.

[0051] It should be noted that the specific model specifications of the monitoring entity 720 and the warning entity 740 need to be selected according to the actual specifications of the device. The specific selection calculation method adopts the existing technology in the field, so it will not be elaborated in detail here.

[0052] The power supply and its principle of the monitoring entity 720 and the warning entity 740 are clear to those skilled in the art, so they will not be elaborated in detail here.

[0053] The above are only embodiments of the present application and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present application. For those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made to the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters indicate similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

Claims

1. A monitoring device for debris flow monitoring and early warning, characterized in that, including a runner dam-building assembly (100), the runner dam-building assembly (100) including an anchor plate (110), a runner anchor rod (120), a quicksand anchor seat (130), a solid stone anchor seat (140), an interception dam frame, and a pressure dividing platform (160), the upper end of the runner anchor rod (120) being disposed through the anchor plate (110), the quicksand anchor seat (130) being disposed on one set of the anchor plates (110), the solid stone anchor seat (140) being disposed on the other set of the anchor plates (110), the interception dam frame being respectively inserted into the quicksand anchor seat (130) and the solid stone anchor seat (140), and the lower end of the pressure dividing platform (160) being inserted into the anchor plate (110), and the upper end of the pressure dividing platform (160) being disposed on the interception dam frame; a sediment discharge and diversion assembly (300), the sediment discharge and diversion assembly (300) including a single spring seat (310), a first sliding seat (320), a first spring (330), a sediment discharge roller shaft (340), a double spring seat (350), a second sliding seat (360), a second spring (370), and a hydrophobic roller shaft (380), the single spring seats (310) being uniformly disposed between the interception dam frames, the first sliding seat (320) slidingly penetrating through the single spring seat (310), one end of the first spring (330) penetrating through the single spring seat (310), the other end of the first spring (330) penetrating through the first sliding seat (320), both ends of the sediment discharge roller shaft (340) being rotatably connected between the first sliding seats (320), the double spring seats (350) being uniformly disposed between the interception dam frames, the second sliding seat (360) slidingly penetrating through the double spring seat (350), one end of the second spring (370) penetrating through the double spring seat (350), the other end of the second spring (370) penetrating through the second sliding seat (360), and both ends of the hydrophobic roller shaft (380) being rotatably connected between the second sliding seats (360); a solid stone dam-building assembly (500), the solid stone dam-building assembly (500) including a solid stone railing frame (510), solid stone railings (520), a crash railing frame (530), crash railings (540), and a self-rotating roller shaft (550), the solid stone railing frame (510) being disposed between the interception dam frames, the solid stone railings (520) being uniformly inserted between the solid stone railing frames (510), the crash railing frame (530) being disposed between the interception dam frames, the crash railings (540) being uniformly inserted between the crash railing frames (530), and the self-rotating roller shaft (550) being fixed to one end of the hydrophobic roller shaft (380); Destroy the monitoring component (700), the monitoring component (700) includes a flow pressure frame (710), a monitoring main body (720), an instability shaft rod (730) and a warning main body (740), the flow pressure frame (710) is uniformly arranged on the intercepting dam frame, the monitoring main body (720) is arranged on the pressure dividing platform (160), the instability shaft rod (730) is rotatably connected between adjacent intercepting dam frames, and the warning main body (740) is uniformly arranged on the intercepting dam frame.

2. The monitoring device for debris flow monitoring and early warning according to claim 1, characterized in that, A grout plug (121) is arranged at the upper end of the flow channel anchor rod (120), and the grout plug (121) is inserted into the anchor plate (110).

3. The monitoring device for debris flow monitoring and early warning according to claim 1, characterized in that, Quicksand grooves (131) are uniformly formed in the quicksand anchor seat (130).

4. The monitoring device for debris flow monitoring and early warning according to claim 1, characterized in that, Plug plates (132) are arranged on the quicksand anchor seat (130) and the solid stone anchor seat (140), and the plug plates (132) are fixedly sleeved on the intercepting dam frame.

5. The monitoring device for debris flow monitoring and early warning according to claim 1, characterized in that, Sliding rails (311) are arranged in the single spring seat (310) and the double spring seat (350), and the first sliding seat (320) and the second sliding seat (360) slide between the sliding rails (311).

6. The monitoring device for debris flow monitoring and early warning according to claim 1, characterized in that, A first clamping frame (151) is arranged between the intercepting dam frames, and the single spring seats (310) are uniformly arranged in the first clamping frame (151).

7. The monitoring device for debris flow monitoring and early warning according to claim 1, characterized in that, A second clamping frame (152) is arranged between the intercepting dam frames, and the double spring seats (350) are uniformly arranged in the second clamping frame (152).

8. The monitoring device for debris flow monitoring and early warning according to claim 1, characterized in that, A pressure dividing column (161) is arranged at the lower end of the pressure dividing platform (160), and the pressure dividing column (161) is inserted into the anchor plate (110).

9. The monitoring device for debris flow monitoring and early warning according to claim 1, characterized in that, A pressure dividing arm (162) is arranged at the upper end of the pressure dividing platform (160), and the pressure dividing arm (162) is fixed to the intercepting dam frame.

10. The monitoring device for debris flow monitoring and early warning according to claim 1, characterized in that, Flow blocking plates (153) are uniformly arranged between adjacent intercepting dam frames.

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