Top slicing method of medium-thick phosphate ore body

Abstract

The application discloses a top slicing and slicing filling mining method for medium-thick phosphate ore bodies, and aims at the medium-thick phosphate ore bodies with a thickness of more than 10 m, poor ore structure and easy deformation and rib spalling of ore pillars under stress, adopts a top slicing and slicing filling mining technology, can effectively reduce the operation height to less than 4 m, reduce the height of the personnel operation space to less than 4 m, easily process the top and side hidden dangers, greatly reduce the height-width ratio of the ore pillars, improve the stability of the ore pillars, reduce the safety risk and safety management difficulty of the top and side, and reduce resource waste. Meanwhile, the height-width ratio of the ore pillars is reduced by more than 1 / 2, the stability under the stress of the ore pillars is greatly improved, and safe mining is ensured.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mine exploitation, in particular to a top-up type layer-by-layer filling mining method for medium-thick phosphate ore body. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, in the filling mining process of medium-thick phosphate ore body, the following two problems may exist when the ore pillar is recovered by using the downward type layer-by-layer mining and subsequent filling technology: 1. Personnel and equipment are exposed in a high space for a long time, and when the top risk occurs, it is difficult to handle due to the high height; 2. The height-width ratio of the ore pillar is increased, which is more prone to deformation, rib spalling under pressure, and gradually losing supporting effect, resulting in large-area collapse of the roof. Therefore, in the mining process by using this method, the safety risk of the top is high, the difficulty of safety management is large, and resource waste may be caused. SUMMARY

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a top-up type layer-by-layer filling mining method for medium-thick phosphate ore body, which reduces the height of the personnel and equipment operation site by layer-by-layer filling mining from the bottom of the ore bed to the top, and at the same time reduces the height-width ratio of the ore pillar, improves the stability of the ore pillar, and reduces the safety risk of the top and the difficulty of safety management, and reduces resource waste.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows: a top-up type layer-by-layer filling mining method for medium-thick phosphate ore body, comprising the following steps:

[0005] 1) The ore bed to be mined is divided into three mining areas from bottom to top, i.e. a lower mining area, a middle mining area and an upper mining area;

[0006] 2) A lower passage and an upper passage are respectively arranged at one end of the lower mining area and one end of the upper mining area;

[0007] 3) The mining of the lower mining area is completed by pushing along the floor transversely from the lower passage, and anchor rods are gradually driven into the middle mining area and hung for support during the mining process;

[0008] 4) After the mining of the lower mining area is completed and the ore material is output, blast holes are drilled at the bottom of the middle mining area in the opposite direction;

[0009] 5) After the blast holes are charged and blasted, the middle layer of material in the middle mining area falls into the lower mining area due to blasting;

[0010] 6) The mining of the upper mining area is completed by pushing transversely from the upper passage, and anchor net support is performed on the roof above the ore bed during the mining process;

[0011] 7) The transfer of the ore material is gradually completed by the loader in the lower passage;

[0012] 8) filling the goaf with filling material.

[0013] In the preferred embodiment, in step 3), the anchor rod is driven from the bottom of the middle layer mining area and extends into the upper layer mining area.

[0014] In the preferred embodiment, in step 6), during the mining of the upper layer mining area, the anchor rod is gradually recovered.

[0015] In the preferred embodiment, in step 6), the mining of the upper layer mining area and the anchor net supporting operation on the roof are supported by the mixed material formed by the middle layer mining area and the upper layer mining area.

[0016] In the preferred embodiment, in steps 3) and 6), the driving of the anchor rod is gradually completed during the mining process as the middle layer mining area and the roof are exposed, and the net supporting is performed after the mining of the layer is completed.

[0017] In the preferred embodiment, in step 6), the upper layer mining area also uses the drilling and blasting method for mining operation.

[0018] In the preferred embodiment, in step 3), the anchor rod is driven in a diagonal manner into the middle layer mining area, and the angle between the anchor rod and the rock surface is not less than 70°.

[0019] In the preferred embodiment, the blasting hole is drilled in a diagonal direction, and the inclination direction is opposite to the inclination direction of the anchor rod.

[0020] The method for upward type layer-by-layer filling mining of a medium-thick phosphate ore body provided by the present application has the following beneficial effects by adopting the above structure:

[0021] (1) By optimizing the mining method and technical parameters, the exposure time of personnel and equipment in a high space is reduced, and the safety of the ore body is ensured.

[0022] (2) The upward type layer-by-layer mining technology can effectively reduce the working height to within 4m, easily handle the top and side hazards, and reduce the height-width ratio of the ore pillar by more than 1 / 2, greatly improving the stability of the ore pillar under stress and ensuring the safety of the ore body.

[0023] (3) The upward type arrangement of blast holes for concentrated blasting reduces the blasting risk and ensures the safety of the ore body.

[0024] (4) The middle and upper layer material supports the equipment and personnel during the upper layer excavation process, and facilitates the direct upper layer mining work of the personnel and equipment, ensuring the safety of the upper layer mining process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and examples:

[0026] Figure 1 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the lower mining area in the present application.

[0027] Figure 2 Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the drilling of the blasting holes in the lower mining area in the present application.

[0028] Figure 3 Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the blasting in the middle mining area in the present application.

[0029] Figure 4 Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the upper mining area in the present application.

[0030] Figure 5 Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the stowing construction of the mine chamber in the present application.

[0031] In the figure: ore bed 1, lower passageway 2, upper passageway 3, lower mining area 4, middle mining area 5, upper mining area 6, anchor rod 7, floor 8, roof 9, blasting hole 10, middle layer of material 11, loader 12, mixed upper and middle layer of material 13, anchor net support 14, stowing material 15. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] As Figures 1-5 In the present application, a top-up type sublevel stowing mining method for medium-thick phosphate ore bodies is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0033] 1) The ore bed 1 in the area to be mined is divided into three mining areas, i.e. the lower mining area 4, the middle mining area 5 and the upper mining area 6, from bottom to top;

[0034] 2) The lower passageway 2 and the upper passageway 3 are respectively formed at one end of the lower mining area 4 and one end of the upper mining area 6;

[0035] 3) The mining of the lower mining area 4 is completed by advancing horizontally along the floor 8 from the lower passageway 2, and the anchor rod 7 is gradually driven into the middle mining area 5 and the net support is hung during the mining process;

[0036] 4) After the mining of the lower mining area 4 is completed and the ore material is output, the blasting hole 10 is drilled at the bottom of the middle mining area 5 in the opposite direction;

[0037] 5) After the blasting hole 10 is charged and blasted, the middle layer of material 11 generated by the blasting in the middle mining area 5 falls into the lower mining area 4;

[0038] 6) The mining of the upper mining area 6 is completed by advancing horizontally from the upper passageway 3, and the anchor net support 14 is performed on the roof 9 above the ore bed 1 during the mining process;

[0039] 7) The transfer of the ore material is gradually completed by the loader 12 in the lower passageway 2;

[0040] 8) filling the mined-out area with the filling material 15.

[0041] In the preferred embodiment, in step 3), the anchor rod 7 is driven from the bottom of the middle layer mining area 5 and extends into the upper layer mining area 6.

[0042] In the preferred embodiment, in step 6), during the mining of the upper layer mining area 6, the anchor rod 7 is gradually recovered.

[0043] In the preferred embodiment, in step 6), the mining of the upper layer mining area 6 and the operation of the anchor net support 14 on the roof 9 form a bottom support with the mixed falling material 13 formed by the middle layer mining area 5 and the upper layer mining area 6.

[0044] In the preferred embodiment, in steps 3) and 6), the driving of the anchor rod 7 is gradually completed during the mining process as the middle layer mining area 5 and the roof 9 are exposed, and the net support is hung after the mining of the layer is completed.

[0045] In the preferred embodiment, in step 6), the upper layer mining area 6 also uses the punching and blasting method for mining operations.

[0046] In the preferred embodiment, in step 3), the anchor rod 7 is driven obliquely into the middle layer mining area 5, and the angle between the anchor rod 7 and the rock surface is not less than 70°.

[0047] In the preferred embodiment, the blasting hole 10 is drilled obliquely, and the inclination direction is opposite to that of the anchor rod 7.

[0048] Based on the above embodiment, in step 3):

[0049] The recovery height is 3.5-4m, the drilling and blasting method is straight-hole cutting, and the anchor net support is adopted at the bottom of the middle layer mining area 5.

[0050] The main technical parameters are as follows:

[0051] ① The width of the ore room is 4-5m;

[0052] ② The roof protection mesh is made of φ4mm round steel welding or machine-made steel mesh, the mesh size is 100mm x 100mm, and the mesh is required to be close to the rock surface, and the overlapping of adjacent meshes is not less than 10cm but not more than 20cm;

[0053] The anchor rod generally uses a pipe slot anchor rod with L=1.8m / 2.0m and φ=40mm; or a cartridge anchor rod with L=2m and φ=20mm;

[0054] The angle between the anchor rod and the rock surface is not less than 70°;

[0055] The tail tray of the anchor rod must make the mesh close to the rock surface;

[0056] Anchor net degree: 1 m x 1.3 m.

[0057] In step 6) :

[0058] After the lower mining area 4 and the middle mining area 5 are mined, the loader 12 enters the upper passageway 3 to mine the upper mining area 6, with a mining height of 3.5-4 m. The drilling and blasting method is straight-hole slotting, and the roof and sides are supported by anchor nets or anchor net shotcrete.

[0059] Among them, the main technical parameters are:

[0060] ① The width of the ore room is 4-5 m;

[0061] ② The roof protection mesh is welded with φ4mm round steel, with a mesh degree of 100mm x 100mm. The mesh is required to be close to the rock surface, and the adjacent meshes are overlapped by not less than 10 cm but not more than 20 cm;

[0062] The anchor rod is generally a pipe joint anchor rod with L=1.8m / 2.0m and φ=40mm, or a cartridge anchor rod with L=2m and φ=20mm;

[0063] The angle between the anchor rod and the rock surface is not less than 70°. The tail tray of the anchor rod must make the mesh close to the rock surface.

[0064] Anchor net degree: 1 m x 1.3 m.

[0065] ③ The side protection mesh is made of steel mesh, with a mesh degree of 50mm x 100mm and a specification of 1.5m x 20m. The mesh is required to be close to the rock surface, and the maximum gap between the mesh and the rock surface in the local area is not more than 10 cm;

[0066] The side anchor rod is generally a pipe joint anchor rod with L=1.2m / 1.5m and φ=40mm;

[0067] The anchor rod is required to be perpendicular to the wall. The tail tray of the anchor rod must make the mesh close to the rock surface;

[0068] The anchor net degree is 1.5m x (2-3)m. The shotcrete strength is not less than C15, the anchor net shotcrete thickness is 50-100mm, and the plain shotcrete thickness is 30-50mm.

[0069] In addition, in step 7), the loader 12 can be controlled remotely to remove the ore, so as to further improve the safety of the construction operation.

Claims

1. A top slicing method of mining a medium thick phosphate ore body by cut and fill, characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: 1) dividing the mining layer (1) to be mined into a lower mining area (4), a middle mining area (5) and an upper mining area (6) from bottom to top; 2) setting a lower passage (2) and an upper passage (3) at one end of the lower mining area (4) and one end of the upper mining area (6) respectively; 3) completing mining of the lower mining area (4) by advancing horizontally along the floor (8) from the lower passage (2), and gradually driving anchor rods (7) into the middle mining area (5) and hanging nets for support during the mining process; 4) after the lower mining area (4) is mined and the ore is output, drilling blast holes (10) at the bottom of the middle mining area (5) in the reverse direction; 5) after the blast holes (10) are charged and blasted, the middle layer of ore (11) produced by blasting in the middle mining area (5) falls into the lower mining area (4); 6) completing mining of the upper mining area (6) by advancing horizontally from the upper passage (3), and performing anchor net support (14) on the roof (9) above the mining layer (1) during the mining process; 7) gradually completing the transfer of the ore by a loader (12) at the lower passage (2); 8) filling the mined-out area with filling material (15).

2. A top slicing method for the extraction of a medium thick phosphate ore body according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 3), the anchor rods (7) are driven into the middle mining area (5) from the bottom and extend into the upper mining area (6).

3. A top slicing method for the extraction of medium thick phosphate ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 6), the anchor rods (7) are gradually recovered during the mining of the upper mining area (6).

4. A top slicing method for the extraction of medium thick phosphate ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 6), the mining of the upper mining area (6) and the anchor net support (14) on the roof (9) form a bottom support with the mixed ore (13) formed by the middle mining area (5) and the upper mining area (6).

5. A top slicing method for the extraction of medium thick phosphate ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the steps 3) and 6), the anchor rods (7) are gradually driven into the middle mining area (5) and the upper mining area (6) as the middle mining area (5) and the roof (9) are exposed during the mining process, and the anchor rods (7) are hung with nets for support after the mining of the layer is completed.

6. A top slicing method for the extraction of medium thick phosphate ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 6), the upper mining area (6) is also mined by drilling and blasting.

7. A top slicing method for the extraction of medium thick phosphate ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 3), the anchor rods (7) are driven into the middle mining area (5) in a diagonal manner, and the angle between the anchor rods (7) and the rock surface is not less than 70°.

8. A top slicing method for the extraction of a medium thick phosphate ore body according to claim 7, characterized in that: The blast holes (10) are drilled in a diagonal manner, and the inclination direction thereof is opposite to that of the anchor rods (7).

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