A Joint Simulation Method for the Output Characteristics of a Magnetoelectric Sensor

Abstract

The present invention discloses a joint simulation method for the output characteristics of a magnetoelectric sensor, which includes the following steps: Based on the structure of the inertial system in the magnetoelectric sensor, a three-dimensional mechanical simulation model is established using dynamic simulation software, parameter settings are carried out, a force load is applied to the three-dimensional mechanical simulation model, and the magnet movement displacement is obtained; Based on the structural principle of the electromechanical conversion element in the magnetoelectric sensor, a two-dimensional magnetoelectric simulation model is established based on finite element numerical analysis software, parameter settings are carried out, and the magnet movement displacement is used as the input to simulate the output characteristics of the magnetoelectric sensor. The two models form a joint simulation model; The correctness of the joint simulation model is verified through measured data; By changing the structural parameters in the magnetoelectric sensor, the influence of different structural parameters on the simulated output characteristics of the magnetoelectric sensor is obtained. This method can accurately simulate the output characteristics of the magnetoelectric sensor under different penetration environments and provide guidance for the design of magnetoelectric sensors for penetration fuzes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of magnetoelectric sensors, and particularly to a joint simulation method for the output characteristics of a magnetoelectric sensor. Background Art

[0002] Statistics show that when a charge of the same chemical equivalent detonates at the optimal position inside a hard target compared to detonating on its surface, the energy coupling efficiency can be increased by 20 to 50 times. Controlling the warhead to detonate after penetrating deep into the hard target is the key to achieving efficient damage.

[0003] Penetrating ammunition usually has the ability of precise guidance. By using a fuse with a delay detonation function, it can control the warhead to send out a detonation control signal at an appropriate time after entering the target, so as to efficiently damage the overall structure of the target and the living forces inside the structure. Making the fuse design meet the requirements of corresponding tactical and technical indicators is one of the main tasks in the research and development of penetrating fuses. During the research and development process, it is difficult to comprehensively consider the complexity and variability of the strike target. Precise control of the detonation point by the hard target penetrating fuse is the key for the penetrating ammunition to achieve the expected damage effect. Some domestic research units have studied the detonation point control method of the penetrating fuse.

[0004] For a penetrating fuse to achieve precise detonation point control, it is necessary to obtain the target signal during the process of the projectile penetrating the target plate. Using a high-g sensor or an acceleration threshold switch as a sensitive element is the main means to obtain the acceleration signal of the projectile penetration. The difficulty of identifying the target signal has a great impact on the difficulty of subsequent signal processing. At present, the high-g sensors used in penetrating fuses are mainly piezoelectric acceleration sensors and piezoresistive acceleration sensors. These two types of acceleration sensors can be used for projectiles with a short body length. However, when the body length increases and the projectile speed increases, the difficulty of identifying the projectile layer-penetrating signal will increase. Based on this situation, Beijing Institute of Technology has developed a magnetoelectric velocity sensor for penetrating fuses that is sensitive to layer-penetrating signals (patent publication number: CN114858015A). This magnetoelectric velocity sensor can solve the problem of signal aliasing to a certain extent. However, the output characteristics of this sensor are affected by various structural parameters, and it is difficult to predict its output characteristics during the design process.

[0005] Therefore, how to simulate the output characteristics of this penetrating fuse magnetoelectric sensor is an urgent problem to be solved at present. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a joint simulation method for the output characteristics of a magnetoelectric sensor, which can not only accurately simulate the output characteristics of the magnetoelectric sensor under different penetration environments, but also analyze and master the influence of different structural parameters on the output characteristics of the magnetoelectric sensor, providing guidance for the design of the magnetoelectric sensor for penetrating fuses.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is a combined simulation method for the output characteristics of a magnetoelectric sensor. The magnetoelectric sensor is a magnetoelectric sensor for penetration fuzes and consists of three parts: an inertial system, a structural component, and an electromechanical conversion element. The combined simulation method for the output characteristics of the magnetoelectric sensor includes the following steps:

[0008] Step S1: Based on the structure of the inertial system in the magnetoelectric sensor, a three-dimensional mechanical simulation model is established using dynamic simulation software. The spring parameters, material parameters, and collision parameters are set, and the overload information of the warhead of the penetration fuze during the target penetration process is converted into a force load and applied to the three-dimensional mechanical simulation model. The mechanical response of the magnet in the magnetoelectric sensor, that is, the displacement of the magnet movement, is obtained by simulation.

[0009] Step S2: Based on the structural principle of the electromechanical conversion element in the magnetoelectric sensor, a two-dimensional magnetoelectric simulation model is established based on finite element numerical analysis software. The coil parameters, material parameters, and mesh parameters are set, and the displacement of the magnet movement is used as the input of the two-dimensional magnetoelectric simulation model to simulate the movement of the magnet in the air domain. The induced electromotive force of the coil, that is, the output characteristics of the magnetoelectric sensor, is obtained by simulation.

[0010] The combined simulation model is composed of a three-dimensional mechanical simulation model and a two-dimensional magnetoelectric simulation model.

[0011] Step S3: Verify the correctness of the combined simulation model through the measured data obtained from multiple impact loading tests of the magnetoelectric sensor.

[0012] Step S4: Change the structural parameters in the magnetoelectric sensor, and use the combined simulation model to simulate the influence of different structural parameters on the simulation output characteristics of the magnetoelectric sensor.

[0013] Preferably, step S1 is specifically as follows:

[0014] S1.1: Establish a three-dimensional mechanical simulation model of the inertial system of the magnetoelectric sensor in ADAMS software: including an upper baffle, a magnet, a spring structure, and a base limit structure. The magnet is connected to the base limit structure through the spring structure, and an upper baffle is arranged above the magnet. The upper baffle provides preloading for the spring structure, and the base limit structure supports the magnet and the spring structure and limits the stroke of the magnet;

[0015] S1.2: Set the material parameters of the three-dimensional mechanical simulation model, define the material parameters of the magnet, the upper baffle, and the base limit structure. The material parameters include density, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio. Set the stiffness, damping, original length, and preloading of the spring structure;

[0016] S1.3: Set Contact One between the upper baffle and the magnet, and set Contact Two between the magnet and the base limiting mechanism, so that the magnet moves between Contact One and Contact Two under the combined action of inertial force, gravity and spring force, and set the collision parameters of Contact One and Contact Two respectively. The collision parameters include stiffness coefficient k, collision index e, maximum damping coefficient C and penetration depth δ x ;

[0017] S1.4: Convert the overload information of the warhead of the penetration fuse during the target penetration process into a force load and apply it to the three-dimensional mechanical simulation model, and simulate the mechanical response of the magnet, that is, the displacement of the magnet movement.

[0018] Preferably, step S2 is specifically as follows:

[0019] S2.1: Establish a two-dimensional magnetoelectric simulation model of the magnetoelectric sensor electromechanical conversion element in COMSOL software, including a magnet, a coil, a housing and an air domain; this two-dimensional magnetoelectric simulation model is a semi-section of a cylinder with the left side line as the axis of symmetry, the air domain is a rectangle along the left side line, the magnet is a rectangle, the magnet is arranged inside the air domain, and a rectangle representing the coil is arranged at the same height as the magnet outside the air domain, and the housing surrounds the outside of the coil.

[0020] S2.2: Set the material parameters of the two-dimensional magnetoelectric simulation model, including setting the mass and residual magnetic flux density of the magnet, and setting the diameter of the copper wire in the coil and the number of turns of the coil.

[0021] S2.3: Set dynamic meshes in the air domain to describe the displacement of the magnet and the air domains above and below it. When the mesh quality is lower than the preset threshold, the mesh is automatically remeshed.

[0022] S2.4: Use the magnet movement displacement as the input of the two-dimensional magnetoelectric simulation model, simulate the movement of the magnet in the air domain, and solve the conversion element model. The solution steps include: First, calculate the magnetic field generated by the magnet at the starting position through the steady-state analysis of the magnetic field, which provides the initial conditions for the subsequent transient analysis of the magnetic field and dynamic meshes. Finally, obtain the induced electromotive force of the coil through the transient analysis, that is, the required simulation output signal of the magnetoelectric sensor.

[0023] Preferably, step S3 is specifically as follows:

[0024] S3.1: Use the drop hammer test to verify the correctness of the combined simulation model. Fix the three-layer target sleeve on the test bench body, lift the test bench body by the traction mechanism and then release it. The test bench body collides with the bearing bench body to obtain the measured overload signal and the measured output signal of the magnetoelectric sensor.

[0025] S3.2: Use the measured overload signal as the initial excitation of the combined simulation model to obtain the simulation output signal of the magnetoelectric sensor.

[0026] S3.3: Analyze the simulated output signal and the measured output signal of the magnetoelectric sensor, and compare the penetration time and the voltage value at the time of penetration of the two signals, that is, including the simulated penetration time, the measured penetration time, the simulated penetration voltage, and the measured penetration voltage.

[0027] If the simulated penetration time lags behind the measured penetration time, and the lag interval is within the set range, and the measured penetration voltage is less than the simulated penetration voltage within the set range, then the combined simulation model is correct.

[0028] Preferably, step S4 is specifically as follows:

[0029] S4.1: Set the simulation conditions: Without changing the structural parameters of the mechanical simulation model, including the magnet mass m, the spring stiffness k, the spring damping c, and the limit stroke d, only change the coil parameters in the magnetoelectric simulation model. That is, under the condition of a given penetration overload, the mechanical output of the magnetoelectric sensor inertial system is certain, and only the output characteristics of the sensor conversion element change; Use the penetration overload when the projectile penetrates a single-layer thick target as the initial excitation of the combined simulation model.

[0030] S4.2: Use the above penetration overload as the input, and obtain the movement displacement of the magnet through the mechanical simulation process of the inertial system.

[0031] S4.3: Use the above displacement as the simulation input of the magnetoelectric model, and change the number of coil turns, the relative height between the coil and the magnet, and the gap between the coil and the magnet respectively for a series of simulation comparisons, and analyze the influence of different structural parameters on the output characteristics of the magnetoelectric sensor.

[0032] Beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. The present invention provides a combined simulation method for the output characteristics of a magnetoelectric sensor, and establishes a combined simulation model. The model verification experiment shows that the change trends of the output signals of the magnetoelectric sensor obtained by simulation and measurement are consistent, and the degree of coincidence is relatively high, which proves the correctness and rationality of the model and is applicable to various different penetration environments. This method can not only accurately simulate the output characteristics of the magnetoelectric sensor under different penetration environments, but also analyze and master the influence of different structural parameters on the output characteristics of the magnetoelectric sensor, providing guidance for the design of magnetoelectric sensors for penetration fuzes.

[0034] 2. The present invention can adjust the structural parameters of the combined simulation model, simulate and analyze the influence of each parameter on the output characteristics of the magnetoelectric sensor, thereby guiding the design of the magnetoelectric sensor, effectively reducing the design cost of the magnetoelectric sensor, and shortening the development cycle of the sensor.

[0035] 3. The output of the magnetoelectric sensor obtained by simulating the present invention can, through appropriate target recognition and detonation control strategies, acquire the signal for penetrating layers and the detonation control signal, providing a new idea for the verification of the performance of the detonation control system of the penetration fuse. Description of the Drawings

[0036] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the joint simulation method for the output characteristics of the magnetoelectric sensor for a penetration fuse of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a mechanical simulation model diagram of the magnetoelectric sensor inertial system of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 It is a magnetoelectric simulation model diagram of the magnetoelectric sensor electromechanical conversion element of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 It is a simulation diagram of the output characteristics of the magnetoelectric sensor under different magnetoelectric sensor structure conditions. Figures (a), (b), and (c) are respectively the output characteristic curves of the magnetoelectric sensor when changing the number of coil turns, the relative height between the coil and the magnet, and the interval between the coil and the magnet;

[0040] In the figure: upper baffle 1, magnet (mass block) 2, spring structure 3, base limit structure 4, coil 5, housing 6, air domain 7. Detailed Embodiment

[0041] The following combines the drawings and gives embodiments to describe the present invention in detail.

[0042] The present invention discloses a joint simulation method for the output characteristics of a magnetoelectric sensor for a penetration fuse. The magnetoelectric sensor is a new type of sensor for obtaining signals for penetrating layers in a penetration fuse. According to the structural principle of the magnetoelectric sensor, a joint simulation method is proposed and a joint simulation model is established. The model includes two parts. One is the mechanical simulation model of the magnetoelectric sensor inertial system, and the other is the magnetoelectric simulation model of the electromechanical conversion element. The input of the simulation model is the overload information during the process of the warhead penetrating the target. The correctness of the joint simulation model and the feasibility of the research method are verified by the measured data obtained by the magnetoelectric sensor in multiple impact loading tests; the influence of structural parameters such as the number of coil turns and the gap on the simulation output characteristics of the sensor is analyzed using the simulation model. The present invention can more accurately simulate the output characteristics of magnetoelectric sensors with different structural parameters and guide the design of magnetoelectric sensors for penetration fuses.

[0043] In this embodiment, the basis of the co-simulation model is the magnetoelectric sensor for penetration fuzes, which is an inertial sensor that can measure the velocity loss of the projectile during penetration. It consists of three parts: an inertial system, a structural component, and an electromechanical conversion element. The inertial system, also known as the spring-mass system, mainly consists of a spring and a mass block. The conversion element mainly includes a magnet and a coil. The bottom surface of the magnet is supported by the spring, and the top surface is the skeleton. It can only move in the direction of compressing the spring and cannot move in the direction of stretching the spring. Therefore, the sensor can only measure the velocity change in one direction. This structure not only saves space but also meets the measurement requirements.

[0044] As Figure 1 shown in the flowchart of the co-simulation method for the output characteristics of the magnetoelectric sensor for penetration fuzes, the specific method adopted in the present invention is as follows: Based on the structural principle of the magnetoelectric sensor for penetration fuzes, a mechanical simulation model of the inertial system and a magnetoelectric simulation model of the electromechanical conversion element are respectively established. The overload information of the warhead during the target penetration process is used as the input of the mechanical model, and the movement displacement of the magnet is obtained through simulation. Then, this displacement signal is used as the input of the magnetoelectric model, and the simulation output of the magnetoelectric sensor is obtained through simulation. After verifying the correctness of the co-simulation model and the feasibility of this research method, the model is used to simulate and analyze the influence of different structural parameters on the output characteristics of the magnetoelectric sensor, providing a basis for the structural design of the magnetoelectric sensor. The whole process includes the following steps:

[0045] Step S1: According to the structural principle of the magnetoelectric sensor, establish a mechanical simulation model of the inertial system and conduct dynamic simulation of this model. The specific steps are as follows:

[0046] 1.1. Combine Figure 2 , and establish a three-dimensional model of the inertial system of the magnetoelectric sensor in ADAMS software: including an upper baffle 1, a magnet 2, a spring structure 3, and a base limit structure 4. Among them, the magnet 2 is connected to the base limit structure 4 through the spring structure 3. An upper baffle 1 is arranged above the magnet 2. The upper baffle 1 provides preloading for the spring structure. The base limit structure 4 supports the magnet 2 and the spring structure 3 and limits the stroke of the magnet 2. Parameters such as the mass of the magnet 2, the stiffness and preloading amount of the spring structure 3 have a great influence on the simulation results. The upper baffle 1 provides preloading for the spring structure, and the base limit structure supports the spring-mass system and limits the stroke of the mass block.

[0047] 1.2. Set the material parameters of the model, define the density, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio of the magnet 2, the upper baffle 1, and the base limit structure 4, and set the stiffness, damping, original length, and preloading amount of the spring structure 3.

[0048] 1.3. A contact one is set between the upper baffle and the mass block. The contact one is the contact surface between the magnet 2 and the upper baffle 1. A contact two is set between the magnet 2 and the base limiting mechanism 4. The contact two is the contact surface between the magnet 2 and the base limiting mechanism 4. Under the combined action of inertial force, gravity and spring force, the magnet can only move up and down between the upper baffle and the base limiting mechanism. The collision parameters of the two contacts are respectively set, including the stiffness coefficient k, the collision index e, the maximum damping coefficient C and the penetration depth δ x 。

[0049] 1.4. Convert the overload information of the warhead during the target penetration process into a force load and apply it to the mechanical simulation model. The mechanical response of the mass block, that is, the movement displacement of the magnet, is obtained through simulation.

[0050] Step S2. According to the structural principle of the magnetoelectric sensor, establish a magnetoelectric simulation model of the electromechanical conversion element and perform finite element simulation on this model. The specific steps are as follows:

[0051] 2.1. Combine Figure 3 to establish a magnetoelectric simulation model of the electromechanical conversion element of the magnetoelectric sensor in the COMSOL software. In order to improve the simulation efficiency, a two-dimensional magnetoelectric simulation model is selected. This model is a semi-section of a cylinder with the left side line as the axis of symmetry, and the calculation amount is smaller than that of the three-dimensional model. It includes a magnet 2, a coil 5, a housing 6, and an air domain 7. The air domain 7 is a rectangle along the left side line. The large rectangle on the left in the figure represents the cylindrical air domain. The magnet 2 is a rectangle and is arranged inside the air domain 7. The small rectangle on the left in the figure represents the cylindrical magnet. A rectangle representing the coil 5 is set at the same height as the magnet 2 outside the air domain 7. The housing 6 surrounds the outside of the coil 5. In the figure, the middle rectangle represents the toroidal coil, and the outer polygon is the housing of the magnetoelectric sensor. Among them, the magnet is placed in the air domain, and the coil is at the same height as the magnet.

[0052] 2.2. Set the material parameters of the two-dimensional magnetoelectric simulation model, define the mass, remanent magnetic flux density, etc. of the magnet 2, and define the diameter of the copper wire in the coil 5 and the number of turns of the coil, etc.

[0053] 2.3. Set the dynamic mesh parameters: Set dynamic meshes in the air domain to describe the movement displacement of the magnet. When the mesh is overly torn or flipped during the movement process, resulting in the mesh quality being lower than the preset threshold of 0.2, the solver does not converge. At this time, the automatic remeshing function needs to be used.

[0054] 2.4. Take the moving displacement of the magnet as the input of the magnetoelectric simulation model, simulate the movement of the magnet in the air domain, and solve the conversion element model in two steps. First, calculate the magnetic field generated by the magnet at the starting position through the steady-state analysis of the magnetic field, providing the initial conditions for the subsequent transient analysis of the magnetic field and moving mesh. Finally, obtain the induced electromotive force of the coil through the transient analysis, which is the required simulation output signal of the magnetoelectric sensor.

[0055] Step S3. Verify the correctness of the co-simulation model through the measured data obtained by the magnetoelectric sensor in multiple impact loading tests. The specific steps are as follows:

[0056] 3.1. Verify the correctness of the co-simulation model using a drop hammer test. Fix the three-layer sleeve target on the test bench body, lift the test bench body by the traction mechanism and then suddenly release it. The test bench body impacts the bearing bench body to obtain the measured overload signal and the measured output signal of the magnetoelectric sensor.

[0057] 3.2. Take the measured overload signal as the initial excitation of the co-simulation model to obtain the simulation output signal of the magnetoelectric sensor.

[0058] 3.3. Analyze the simulation output signal and the measured output signal of the magnetoelectric sensor, and compare the penetration time of the target and the voltage value at the time of penetrating the target of the two signals, that is, including the simulation penetration time, the measured penetration time, the simulation penetration voltage, and the measured penetration voltage.

[0059] If the simulation penetration time lags behind the measured penetration time, and the lag interval is within the set range, and the measured penetration voltage is less than the simulation penetration voltage within the set range, then the co-simulation model is correct.

[0060] The parameters such as damping of the magnetoelectric sensor in the actual test environment are not completely consistent with those in the ideal model, resulting in a small relative lag in the simulation penetration time. In addition, due to the existence of processing circuits such as filter circuits and diode voltage stabilization circuits in the actual magnetoelectric sensor itself, the measured signal has no negative half-axis waveform, and the voltage value at the moment of penetrating the target will be less than the voltage value obtained by simulation to a certain extent. Although there are inevitably certain differences between the simulation data and the measured data due to random errors, the change trends of the simulation signal and the measured signal are the same, and the simulation results do not affect the realization of the target recognition and detonation control functions. Therefore, the co-simulation model established in the present invention is correct, and the co-simulation method proposed in the present invention is reasonable and feasible.

[0061] Step S4. Use the co-simulation model to simulate and analyze the influence of different structural parameters on the output characteristics of the magnetoelectric sensor. The specific steps are as follows:

[0062] 4.1. Set simulation conditions: Without changing the structural parameters of the mechanical simulation model, including the magnet mass m, spring stiffness k, spring damping c, and limit stroke d, only change the coil parameters in the magnetoelectric simulation model. That is, under the given penetration overload condition, the mechanical output of the magnetoelectric sensor inertial system is constant, and only the output characteristics of the sensor conversion element change. Take the penetration overload when the projectile penetrates a single-layer thick target as the initial excitation of the co-simulation model. The penetration conditions are a target thickness of 2m, a C30 concrete target material, a projectile length of 1.6m, and a projectile velocity of 1200m / s.

[0063] 4.2. Take the above penetration overload as the input, and obtain the displacement of the magnet through the mechanical simulation process of the inertial system.

[0064] 4.3. Take the above displacement as the simulation input of the magnetoelectric model, and change the number of coil turns, the relative height between the coil and the magnet, and the gap between the coil and the magnet respectively to conduct a series of simulation comparisons, and analyze the influence of different structural parameters on the output characteristics of the magnetoelectric sensor.

[0065] See Figure 4 , the results obtained by the co-simulation method for the output characteristics of a magnetoelectric sensor for a penetration fuse mentioned in the present invention are shown in the figure. Figures (a), (b), and (c) are the results of changing the number of coil turns, the relative height between the coil and the magnet, and the gap between the coil and the magnet respectively. From the result figures, it can be obtained that the relative height between the coil and the magnet will affect the positive and negative of the output signal, the amplitude, and the time when the peak appears. The number of coil turns and the gap between the coil and the magnet only affect the amplitude of the signal. The more the number of coil turns and the smaller the gap between the coil and the magnet, the larger the amplitude of the output signal.

[0066] In summary, the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined simulation method for the output characteristics of a magnetoelectric sensor, characterized in that The magnetoelectric sensor is a magnetoelectric sensor for penetration fuzes, which consists of three parts: an inertial system, a structural component, and an electromechanical conversion element; the joint simulation method for the output characteristics of the magnetoelectric sensor includes the following steps: Step S1: Based on the structure of the inertial system in the magnetoelectric sensor, a three-dimensional mechanical simulation model is established using dynamic simulation software. The spring parameters, material parameters, and collision parameters are set. The overload information of the warhead of the penetration fuze during the process of penetrating the target is converted into a force load and applied to the three-dimensional mechanical simulation model. The mechanical response of the magnet in the magnetoelectric sensor, that is, the magnet movement displacement, is obtained through simulation. Step S2: Based on the structural principle of the electromechanical conversion element in the magnetoelectric sensor, a two-dimensional magnetoelectric simulation model is established using finite element numerical analysis software. The coil parameters, material parameters, and mesh parameters are set. The magnet movement displacement is used as the input of the two-dimensional magnetoelectric simulation model to simulate the movement of the magnet in the air domain. The induced electromotive force of the coil, that is, the output characteristics of the magnetoelectric sensor, is obtained through simulation. The joint simulation model is composed of the three-dimensional mechanical simulation model and the two-dimensional magnetoelectric simulation model. Step S3: Verify the correctness of the joint simulation model through the measured data obtained from the magnetoelectric sensor in multiple impact loading tests. Step S4: Change the structural parameters in the magnetoelectric sensor, and use the joint simulation model to simulate the influence of different structural parameters on the simulation output characteristics of the magnetoelectric sensor.

2. The output characteristic co-simulation method of a magnetoelectric sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that The specific content of step S1 is as follows: S1.1: Establish a three-dimensional mechanical simulation model of the inertial system of the magnetoelectric sensor in ADAMS software: including an upper baffle (1), a magnet (2), a spring structure (3), and a base limit structure (4). The magnet (2) is connected to the base limit structure (4) through the spring structure (3). An upper baffle (1) is arranged above the magnet (2). The upper baffle (1) provides preloading for the spring structure. The base limit structure (4) supports the magnet (2) and the spring structure (3) and limits the stroke of the magnet (2). S1.2: Set the material parameters of the three-dimensional mechanical simulation model, define the material parameters of the magnet (2), the upper baffle (1), and the base limit structure (4). The material parameters include density, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio. Set the stiffness, damping, original length, and preloading amount of the spring structure (3). S1.3: Set Contact One between the upper baffle (1) and the magnet (2), and set Contact Two between the magnet (2) and the base limiting mechanism (4), so that the magnet (2) moves between Contact One and Contact Two under the combined action of inertia force, gravity and spring force. Set the collision parameters of Contact One and Contact Two respectively. The collision parameters include the stiffness coefficient k, the collision index e, the maximum damping coefficient C and the penetration depth δ x ; S1.4: Convert the overload information of the warhead of the penetration fuze during the process of penetrating the target into a force load and apply it to the three-dimensional mechanical simulation model. The mechanical response of the magnet (2), that is, the magnet movement displacement, is obtained through simulation.

3. The output characteristic co-simulation method of a magnetoelectric sensor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The specific content of step S2 is as follows: S2.1: Establish a two-dimensional magnetoelectric simulation model of the electromechanical conversion element of the magnetoelectric sensor in COMSOL software, including a magnet (2), a coil (5), a housing (6), and an air domain (7); this two-dimensional magnetoelectric simulation model is a semi-section of a cylinder with the left side edge as the axis of symmetry. The air domain (7) is a rectangle along the left side edge. The magnet (2) is a rectangle and is arranged inside the air domain (7). A rectangle representing the coil (5) is arranged at the same height as the magnet (2) outside the air domain (7). The housing (6) surrounds the outside of the coil (5). S2.2: Set the material parameters of the two-dimensional magnetoelectric simulation model, including setting the mass of the magnet (2) and the remanent magnetic flux density, and setting the diameter of the copper wire in the coil (5) and the number of turns of the coil. S2.3: Set dynamic meshes in the air domain (7) to describe the displacement of the magnet (2) and the air domains above and below it. When the mesh quality is lower than a preset threshold, the mesh is automatically remeshed. S2.4: Use the movement displacement of the magnet (2) as the input of the two-dimensional magnetoelectric simulation model to simulate the movement of the magnet (2) in the air domain (7), and solve the conversion element model. The solving steps include: First, calculate the magnetic field generated by the magnet (2) at the starting position through the steady-state analysis of the magnetic field, providing the initial conditions for the subsequent transient analysis of the magnetic field and the dynamic mesh. Finally, obtain the induced electromotive force of the coil (5) through the transient analysis, which is the required simulation output signal of the magnetoelectric sensor.

4. The output characteristic co-simulation method of a magnetoelectric sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that The specific steps of step S3 are as follows: S3.1: Verify the correctness of the co-simulation model using a drop hammer test. Fix the three-layer sleeve target on the test bench body, lift the test bench body by the traction mechanism and then release it. The test bench body impacts the bearing bench body to obtain the measured overload signal and the measured output signal of the magnetoelectric sensor. S3.2: Use the measured overload signal as the initial excitation of the co-simulation model to obtain the simulation output signal of the magnetoelectric sensor. S3.3: Analyze the simulation output signal and the measured output signal of the magnetoelectric sensor, and compare the penetration time and the voltage value at the time of penetration of the two signals, including the simulation penetration time, the measured penetration time, the simulation penetration voltage, and the measured penetration voltage. If the simulation penetration time lags behind the measured penetration time and the lag interval is within the set range, and the measured penetration voltage is less than the simulation penetration voltage within the set range, then the co-simulation model is correct.

5. The output characteristic co-simulation method of a magnetoelectric sensor according to claim 4, characterized in that The specific steps of step S4 are as follows: S4.1: Set the simulation conditions: Without changing the structural parameters of the mechanical simulation model, including the magnet mass m, the spring stiffness k, the spring damping c, and the limit stroke d, only change the coil parameters in the magnetoelectric simulation model. That is, under the condition of a given penetration overload, the mechanical output of the inertial system of the magnetoelectric sensor is constant, and only the output characteristics of the sensor conversion element change. Use the penetration overload when the projectile penetrates a single-layer thick target as the initial excitation of the co-simulation model. S4.2: Use the above penetration overload as the input to obtain the movement displacement of the magnet through the mechanical simulation process of the inertial system. S4.3: Use the above displacement as the simulation input of the magnetoelectric model, and change the number of turns of the coil, the relative height between the coil and the magnet, and the gap between the coil and the magnet respectively for a series of simulation comparisons to analyze the influence of different structural parameters on the output characteristics of the magnetoelectric sensor.

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