A W-band dual-circularly polarized glass-based array antenna and its feeding method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a W-band dual-circularly polarized glass-based array antenna and its feeding method, belonging to the technical field of feeding antennas, and solves the problem that the operating bandwidth and scanning performance of antennas in the prior art are limited. The present invention includes a plurality of dual-circularly polarized antenna elements distributed in an array; microstrip patches are provided on both the upper surface and the lower surface of the first layer of dielectric of the antenna element; a third metal floor and an H-shaped slot are provided on the upper surface of the third layer of dielectric; a coupled microstrip line is provided on the upper surface of the fourth layer of dielectric; a coaxial feeding inner core and a coaxial feeding outer shell are provided below the fourth layer of dielectric; the upper end of the coaxial feeding inner core is connected to the coupled microstrip line, and the lower end is connected to the feeding port. By setting metal vias, the dual-circularly polarized antenna elements in the antenna array composed of them will not affect each other, so that a larger scanning angle and a wider bandwidth can be obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of array antennas, and in particular to a W-band dual-circularly polarized glass-based array antenna and its feeding method. Background Art

[0002] Due to the relatively small size of antennas and other structures in millimeter-wave phased arrays, more precise processing technologies are often required. The main implementation of such antennas at home and abroad is based on silicon or PCB (printed circuit board) dielectrics. In millimeter-wave antenna systems, the antenna is usually integrated with the backend chip, so the difficulty in design lies in the integration and packaging of the system, and the antenna structure often adopts simple forms such as patch antennas.

[0003] Disadvantages of existing antennas:

[0004] 1) For silicon-based antenna arrays, the dielectric constant is high, and the working bandwidth and scanning performance are limited.

[0005] 2) For PCB dielectric-based antenna arrays, they are only applicable to one-dimensional antenna arrays, and the array scale and scanning angle are limited.

[0006] Therefore, in view of the problem of limited working bandwidth and scanning angle of existing array antennas, a new array antenna needs to be provided. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a W-band dual-circularly polarized glass-based array antenna and its feeding method to solve the problem of limited working bandwidth and scanning performance of existing array antennas.

[0008] The object of the present invention is mainly achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] A W-band dual-circularly polarized glass-based array antenna includes a plurality of dual-circularly polarized antenna elements distributed in an array; each dual-circularly polarized antenna element includes a radiation layer and a feeding layer; the radiation layer includes a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer; the feeding layer includes a third dielectric layer and a fourth dielectric layer; the radiation layer is provided with a plurality of first metal vias, and the feeding layer is provided with a plurality of second metal vias; microstrip patches are provided on the upper surfaces of both the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer; a third metal floor is provided on the upper surface of the third dielectric layer, and an H-shaped slot is provided on the third metal floor; a coupled microstrip line is provided on the upper surface of the fourth dielectric layer; a coaxial feeding inner core and a coaxial feeding outer shell are provided below the fourth dielectric layer; the coaxial feeding inner core penetrates through the fourth dielectric layer, and the upper end of the coaxial feeding inner core is connected to the coupled microstrip line, and the lower end is connected to a feeding port.

[0010] Further, a first metal floor is also provided on the upper surface of the first layer of dielectric; the first metal floor is L-shaped and is arranged at the four corners of the upper surface of the first layer of dielectric.

[0011] Further, a second metal floor is also provided on the upper surface of the second layer of dielectric; the second metal floor is L-shaped and is arranged at the four corners of the upper surface of the second layer of dielectric.

[0012] Further, the microstrip patch includes: a first microstrip patch and a second microstrip patch; the first microstrip patch is arranged on the upper surface of the first layer of dielectric; the second microstrip patch is arranged on the upper surface of the second layer of dielectric.

[0013] Further, both the first microstrip patch and the second microstrip patch are provided with chamfered corners; a square hole is provided at the center of the second microstrip patch.

[0014] Further, there are two H-shaped slots, namely: a first H-shaped slot and a second H-shaped slot.

[0015] Further, the coupled microstrip line includes: a first coupled microstrip line and a second coupled microstrip line; the coaxial feeding inner core includes: a first coaxial feeding inner core and a second coaxial feeding inner core; the coaxial feeding outer shell includes: a first coaxial feeding outer shell and a second coaxial feeding outer shell; the first coaxial feeding inner core and the first coaxial feeding outer shell are coaxial; the second coaxial feeding inner core and the second coaxial feeding outer shell are coaxial.

[0016] Further, a fourth metal floor is provided on the upper surface of the fourth layer of dielectric; a fifth metal floor is provided on the lower surface of the fourth layer of dielectric; the first layer of dielectric, the second layer of dielectric, the third layer of dielectric and the fourth layer of dielectric are arranged in sequence from top to bottom and are all made of glass material.

[0017] Further, the first metal via penetrates through the first metal floor, the first layer of dielectric, the second metal floor, the second layer of dielectric and the third metal floor; the second metal via penetrates through the third metal floor, the third layer of dielectric, the fourth metal floor, the fourth layer of dielectric and the fifth metal floor.

[0018] A feeding method for a W-band dual-circularly polarized glass-based array antenna, the dual-circularly polarized antenna element adopts a coaxial feeding method, and the feeding process is as follows:

[0019] Step S1: Feed through the first feeding port and the second feeding port at the bottom of the dual-circularly polarized antenna element.

[0020] Step S2: The first feeding port and the second feeding port are respectively connected to the fifth metal floor through the first coaxial feeding housing and the second coaxial feeding housing. The first coaxial feeding inner core and the second coaxial feeding inner core are the feeding parts, directly connected to the first coupled microstrip line and the second coupled microstrip line on the lower surface of the third layer of dielectric, and transmit electrical signals to the first coupled microstrip line and the second coupled microstrip line;

[0021] Step S3: The first coupled microstrip line and the second coupled microstrip line respectively couple and transmit energy to the first microstrip patch and the second microstrip patch through the first H-shaped slot and the second H-shaped slot; and convert the electrical signal into an electromagnetic wave signal;

[0022] Step S4: The dual circular polarization antenna element radiates electromagnetic wave signals to the external space through the first microstrip patch and the second microstrip patch.

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention can at least achieve one of the following effects:

[0024] 1. For the dual circular polarization antenna element of the W-band dual circular polarization glass-based array antenna of the present invention, the first metal vias and the second metal vias are respectively arranged in the dielectrics of the first part of the radiation layer and the second part of the feeding layer. The cavity formed by multiple first metal vias and second metal vias can enhance the shielding effect between the sub-arrays of the antenna array and reduce the mutual influence between the upper and lower radiation layers and feeding layers.

[0025] 2. For the W-band dual circular polarization glass-based array antenna of the present invention, in order to improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna array, the first layer to the third layer adopt a relatively thin dielectric thickness, which makes the distance between the coupled microstrip line and the H-shaped slot, and the H-shaped slot and the microstrip patch smaller, which is beneficial to coupling, and also reduces the loss of the microstrip patch radiating outward.

[0026] 3. The dielectric material of the W-band dual circular polarization glass-based array antenna of the present invention uses a glass substrate with a lower dielectric constant. The array bandwidth is increased by designing the structure of the double-layer microstrip patch. The circular polarization radiation is realized by designing the patch chamfer. The isolation degree between different polarization ports is reduced by designing the structure of the metal vias and the H-shaped slot. The antenna array can still have electrical performance indicators such as low standing wave, low polarization isolation degree, good axial ratio and radiation efficiency during large-angle scanning; by setting the metal vias and the H-shaped slot, the dual circular polarization antenna elements will not affect each other in the antenna array composed of them, so that a larger scanning angle and a wider bandwidth can be obtained.

[0027] 4. The dielectric material of the present invention uses a glass substrate with a relatively low dielectric constant. By designing the structure of a double-layer patch, the array bandwidth is increased. By designing the patch chamfer, circularly polarized radiation is achieved. By designing the structure of an H-shaped slot, the isolation degree between different polarization ports is reduced. It can be realized that the antenna array still has electrical performance indicators such as a low standing wave, a low polarization isolation degree, a good axial ratio, and a high radiation efficiency during large-angle scanning. Compared with a single circularly polarized antenna element, a dual circularly polarized antenna element can receive both left-handed circularly polarized and right-handed circularly polarized signals.

[0028] In the present invention, the above technical solutions can also be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combination solutions. Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the subsequent description. Moreover, some advantages can be made obvious from the description or understood by implementing the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be achieved and obtained through the content specifically pointed out in the description and the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] The drawings are only used for the purpose of showing specific embodiments and are not considered to be a limitation of the present invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals represent the same components.

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the dual circularly polarized glass-based array antenna in the W band of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the first layer - microstrip patch structure of the dual circularly polarized glass-based array antenna in the W band of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the second layer - perforated microstrip patch structure of the dual circularly polarized glass-based array antenna in the W band of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the third layer - H-shaped slot structure of the dual circularly polarized glass-based array antenna in the W band of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the fourth layer - coupled microstrip line structure of the dual circularly polarized glass-based array antenna in the W band of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the fifth layer - coaxial feeding structure of the dual circularly polarized glass-based array antenna in the W band of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 It is a side view effect diagram of the dual circularly polarized antenna element of the dual circularly polarized glass-based array antenna in the W band of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8Stereoscopic effect diagram of the dual-circularly polarized antenna element of the W-band dual-circularly polarized glass-based array antenna of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 9 is Figure 8 Effect diagram of the dual-circularly polarized antenna element with the first layer of dielectric removed;

[0039] Figure 10 is Figure 8 Effect diagram of the dual-circularly polarized antenna element with the first two layers of dielectric removed;

[0040] Figure 11 is Figure 8 Effect diagram of the dual-circularly polarized antenna element with the first three layers of dielectric removed;

[0041] Figure 12 is Figure 7 Upper surface effect diagram of the first layer of dielectric of the dual-circularly polarized antenna element in

[0042] Figure 13 is Figure 7 Upper surface effect diagram of the second layer of dielectric of the dual-circularly polarized antenna element in

[0043] Figure 14 is Figure 7 Upper surface effect diagram of the third layer of dielectric of the dual-circularly polarized antenna element in

[0044] Figure 15 is Figure 7 Upper surface effect diagram of the fourth layer of dielectric of the dual-circularly polarized antenna element in

[0045] Figure 16 is Figure 7 Upper surface effect diagram of the fifth layer of dielectric of the dual-circularly polarized antenna element in

[0046] Reference numerals:

[0047] 1 - Dual-circularly polarized antenna element; 11 - First layer of dielectric; 12 - Second layer of dielectric; 13 - Third layer of dielectric; 14 - Fourth layer of dielectric; 15 - First metal via; 16 - Second metal via; 17 - First feeding port; 18 - Second feeding port;

[0048] 111 - First metal floor; 112 - First microstrip patch;

[0049] 121 - Second metal floor; 122 - Second microstrip patch; 123 - Square hole;

[0050] 131 - Third metal floor; 132 - First H-shaped slot; 133 - Second H-shaped slot;

[0051] 141 - Fourth metal floor; 142 - First coupled microstrip line; 143 - Second coupled microstrip line; 144 - Fifth metal floor;

[0052] 171 - First coaxial feed inner core; 172 - First coaxial feed outer shell; 181 - Second coaxial feed inner core; 182 - Second coaxial feed outer shell. Detailed implementation mode

[0053] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings form a part of the present invention and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to explain the principles of the present invention, rather than to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0054] Embodiment 1

[0055] A specific embodiment of the present invention discloses a W - band dual - circular - polarization glass - based array antenna.

[0056] In a specific implementation manner of the present invention, multiple dual - circular - polarization antenna units 1 of the dual - circular - polarization glass - based antenna array of the present invention are arrayed in an n×n form as a rectangular antenna array, where n is a natural number greater than 1.

[0057] Exemplarily, taking an 8×8 antenna array as an example for illustration; when n = 8, the 8×8 antenna array is formed by arraying the dual - circular - polarization antenna units 1, and the array arrangement structure is as Figures 1 - 6 shown, the side view of the array is as Figure 1 shown, and the layered structure view of the array is as Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 shown.

[0058] In this embodiment, the dual - circular - polarization antenna unit 1 is provided with four layers of dielectrics, namely: the first layer of dielectric 11, the second layer of dielectric 12, the third layer of dielectric 13, and the fourth layer of dielectric 14.

[0059] The dielectric material of the dual - circular - polarization antenna unit 1 uses a glass substrate, the dielectric constant of this dielectric is 5, and the tangent of the dielectric loss angle is 0.011.

[0060] The overall structure of the dual - circular - polarization antenna unit 1 of the present invention is as Figure 7 shown.

[0061] In a specific implementation manner of the present invention, the dual - circular - polarization antenna unit 1 can be split into two parts according to the distribution of metal vias. The first part is composed of the upper two layers, the first layer of dielectric 11 and the second layer of dielectric 12, and the second part is composed of the lower two layers, the third layer of dielectric 13 and the fourth layer of dielectric 14.

[0062] 1) The first part

[0063] The first part includes a microstrip patch with two-layer chamfers, a cavity surrounded by the first metal vias 15, and an H-shaped slot. The first part serves as the radiation layer of the antenna element.

[0064] Specifically, a first metal floor 111 and a first microstrip patch 112 are provided on the upper surface of the first-layer dielectric 11; the first metal floor 111 is composed of four L-shaped metal plates, and the first metal floor 111 is arranged at the four corners of the first-layer dielectric 11, and the side edges of the first metal floor 111 are aligned with the side edges of the first-layer dielectric 11, as Figure 8 , Figure 12 shown.

[0065] The first microstrip patch 112 is provided with two symmetric chamfers, as Figure 8 shown.

[0066] Specifically, a second metal floor 121 and a second microstrip patch 122 are provided on the upper surface of the second-layer dielectric 12; the second metal floor 121 is arranged on the upper surface of the second-layer dielectric 12, that is, the second metal floor 121 is arranged between the first-layer dielectric 11 and the second-layer dielectric 12.

[0067] The shape of the second metal floor 121 is the same as that of the first metal floor 111, and the second metal floor 121 is arranged at the four corners of the upper surface of the second-layer dielectric 12, and the side edges of the second metal floor 121 are aligned with the side edges of the second-layer dielectric 12.

[0068] The second microstrip patch 122 is provided with two symmetric chamfers, and a square hole 123 is provided in the middle of the second microstrip patch 122, as Figure 3 , Figure 9 , Figure 13 shown.

[0069] Specifically, a third metal floor 131 is arranged between the lower surface of the second-layer dielectric 12 and the upper surface of the third-layer dielectric 13.

[0070] In this embodiment, the antenna element is provided with a microstrip patch, and the microstrip patch has a simple structure and is easy to process. The two-layer microstrip patches are respectively located on the upper surface and the lower surface of the first-layer dielectric 11. The design of the two-layer patches is to expand the bandwidth of the antenna element. In addition, the dielectric constant of the glass substrate selected for the dual circularly polarized antenna element 1 of the present invention is lower than that of the silicon substrate. The lower the dielectric constant of the dielectric, the wider the bandwidth of the designed antenna will be. Therefore, this antenna element can obtain a relatively wide bandwidth.

[0071] Both the first microstrip patch 112 and the second microstrip patch 122 are provided with chamfered corners. The chamfered corner is a kind of perturbation method, which enables the patch to generate higher-order modes. When the higher-order mode is orthogonal to the fundamental mode and the phase difference is 90°, circularly polarized electromagnetic waves can be generated. By making holes in the second microstrip patch 122, the impedance of the dual circularly polarized antenna element 1 is adjusted, and thus the standing wave of the antenna element in different scanning states is adjusted.

[0072] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of first metal vias 15 are provided inside the first dielectric layer 11 and the second dielectric layer 12, as Figure 7 shown.

[0073] Specifically, the first metal via 15 is a hollow metal tube structure; the first metal via 15 is arranged perpendicular to the first dielectric layer 11 and the second dielectric layer 12; the first metal via 15 penetrates through the first metal floor 111, the first dielectric layer 11, the second metal floor 121, the second dielectric layer 12 and the third metal floor 131, as Figure 7 shown.

[0074] The diameters of the first metal vias 15 in the dual circularly polarized antenna element 1 are all 0.06 mm, the minimum center distance between the plurality of first metal vias 15 is 0.12 mm, and the minimum distance from the edge of the first metal via 15 to the edge of the first metal floor 111 is 0.03 mm.

[0075] 2) The second part

[0076] The second part includes a cavity surrounded by a coupled microstrip line, a coaxial feeding inner core, a coaxial feeding outer shell and a second metallized via 16. The second part serves as the feeding layer of the antenna element.

[0077] The second part includes: a third metal floor 131, a third dielectric layer 13, a fourth metal floor 141, a coupled microstrip line, a fourth dielectric layer 14, a fifth metal floor 144, a second metal via 16, a coaxial feeding inner core, a coaxial feeding outer shell and a feeding port.

[0078] Specifically, the third metal floor 131 is arranged on the upper surface of the third dielectric layer 13, and the external dimensions of the third metal floor 131 are the same as those of the third dielectric layer 13.

[0079] The third metal floor 131 is arranged between the lower surface of the second dielectric layer 12 and the upper surface of the third dielectric layer 13; two mutually perpendicular H-shaped slots are provided on the third metal floor 131.

[0080] The two H-shaped slots are respectively: a first H-shaped slot 132 and a second H-shaped slot 133, as Figure 10 、 Figure 14 shown.

[0081] Specifically, a fourth metal floor 141 is provided between the lower surface of the third dielectric layer 13 and the upper surface of the fourth dielectric layer 14. A fifth metal floor 144 is provided on the lower surface of the fourth dielectric layer 14.

[0082] Specifically, two mutually perpendicular coupled microstrip lines are provided on the fourth metal floor 141.

[0083] The coupled microstrip lines are of rectangular structure, and the two coupled microstrip lines are respectively: a first coupled microstrip line 142 and a second coupled microstrip line 143; as Figure 11 、 Figure 15 shown.

[0084] Specifically, there are multiple second metal vias 16, and the second metal vias 16 penetrate through the third metal floor 131, the third dielectric layer 13, the fourth metal floor 141, the fourth dielectric layer 14, and the fifth metal floor 144.

[0085] The diameters of the second metal vias 16 in the dual circularly polarized antenna element 1 are all 0.06 mm, the minimum center distance between the multiple second metal vias 16 is 0.12 mm, and the minimum distance from the edge of the second metal via 16 to the edge of the third metal floor 131 or the fourth metal floor 141 is 0.03 mm.

[0086] Specifically, the upper end of the coaxial feeding inner core is connected to the coupled microstrip line, and the lower end of the coaxial feeding inner core is connected to the feeding port.

[0087] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the dual circularly polarized antenna element 1 is provided with two feeding ports, namely a first feeding port 17 and a second feeding port 18.

[0088] There are two coaxial feeding inner cores, namely a first coaxial feeding inner core 171 and a second coaxial feeding inner core 181; there are two coaxial feeding outer shells, namely a first coaxial feeding outer shell 172 and a second coaxial feeding outer shell 182; and, the first coaxial feeding inner core 171 and the first coaxial feeding outer shell 172 are coaxial, that is, the axes of the first coaxial feeding inner core 171 and the first coaxial feeding outer shell 172 coincide; the second coaxial feeding inner core 181 and the second coaxial feeding outer shell 182 are coaxial, that is, the axes of the second coaxial feeding inner core 181 and the second coaxial feeding outer shell 182 coincide, as Figure 16 shown.

[0089] Both the coaxial feeding inner core and the coaxial feeding outer shell penetrate through the fourth dielectric layer 14, the upper ends of the coaxial feeding inner core and the coaxial feeding outer shell are flush, and the lower end of the coaxial feeding outer shell is longer than the lower end of the coaxial feeding inner core.

[0090] Specifically, the upper end of the first coaxial feed inner core 171 is connected to the first coupled microstrip line 142; the lower end of the first coaxial feed inner core 171 is connected to the first feed port 17. The upper end of the second coaxial feed inner core 181 is connected to the second coupled microstrip line 143, and the lower end of the second coaxial feed inner core 181 is connected to the second feed port 18.

[0091] The first coupled microstrip line 142 and the second coupled microstrip line 143 are respectively vertically opposite to the first H-shaped slot 132 and the second H-shaped slot 133.

[0092] The first feed port 17 is connected to the fifth metal floor 144 through the first coaxial feed outer shell 172; the second feed port 18 is connected to the fifth metal floor 144 through the second coaxial feed outer shell 182.

[0093] 3) Processing technology design

[0094] The process dimensions achievable by the existing processing technology are between 0.1 mm and 0.3 mm; specifically, in this embodiment, the thickness of the first layer of dielectric 11 is 0.15 mm, the thickness of the second layer of dielectric 12 is 0.15 mm, the thickness of the third layer of dielectric 13 is 0.15 mm, and the thickness of the fourth layer of dielectric 14 is 0.30 mm. The glass substrate with a thickness of 0.3 mm is selected for the bottommost layer of dielectric, and the upper three layers of dielectric adopt a unified processing thickness of 0.15 mm. The thicknesses of the four layers of dielectric of the antenna are 0.15 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.15 mm, and 0.30 mm in sequence.

[0095] The upper two layers are radiation layers, and the thickness of the dielectric cannot be too thick, otherwise it will reduce the radiation efficiency of the antenna. The thickness of the dielectric is selected as the upper limit thickness of the process accuracy, which is 0.15 mm. Therefore, the thicknesses of both the first layer of dielectric 11 and the second layer of dielectric 12 are 0.15 mm.

[0096] In order to avoid the influence of the feed port on the upper antenna, referring to the process accuracy of the processing factory, the thickness of the fourth layer of dielectric 14 (coaxial feed port layer) is selected as the lower limit (thicker) thickness of the process accuracy, which is 0.3 mm, and the thickness of the third layer of dielectric 13 (coupling layer) is selected as the upper limit (thinner) thickness of the process accuracy, which is 0.15 mm.

[0097] In order to enhance the shielding effect between units, the height of the coaxial feed outer shell is 0.02 mm higher than that of the coaxial feed inner core.

[0098] In this embodiment, the thickness of the metal floor of the dual circularly polarized antenna unit 1 is set to 0.02 mm.

[0099] In this embodiment, the size of the dual circularly polarized antenna unit 1 is 1.8 mm * 1.8 mm (0.5λ * 0.5λ, where λ is the free space wavelength at 83 GHz).

[0100] In this embodiment, the dual circularly polarized antenna element 1 uses coaxial feeding. When the coaxial impedance of the dual circularly polarized antenna element 1 is set to 40 ohms, the diameter of the coaxial inner core is 0.09 mm, and it can be calculated that the diameter of the coaxial feeding outer shell is 0.266 mm. When the coaxial impedance of the dual circularly polarized antenna element 1 is set to 50 ohms, then while keeping the diameter of the coaxial feeding inner core unchanged, the diameter of the coaxial feeding outer shell is 0.387 mm.

[0101] The antenna element of the present invention uses a coaxial feeding method, and the coaxial impedance is set by adjusting the diameters of the coaxial feeding inner core and the coaxial feeding outer shell. The impedance range of the coaxial is set to 50 ± 30 ohms.

[0102] Embodiment 2

[0103] A specific embodiment of the present invention provides a feeding method for the dual circularly polarized glass-based antenna array of Embodiment 1. Specifically, the antenna array of the present invention is regularly arranged by the dual circularly polarized antenna elements 1, as Figures 1 - 6 shown.

[0104] The dual circularly polarized antenna element 1 of the present invention uses a coaxial feeding method. Combining Figures 7 - 13 , the feeding process is as follows:

[0105] Step S1: Feed through the first feeding port 17 and the second feeding port 18 at the bottom of the dual circularly polarized antenna element 1;

[0106] Specifically, the signal is transmitted to the first coaxial feeding inner core 171 and the first coaxial feeding outer shell 172 through the first feeding port 17; the second feeding port 18 transmits the signal to the second coaxial feeding inner core 181 and the second coaxial feeding outer shell 182.

[0107] Step S2: The first coaxial feeding inner core 171 and the second coaxial feeding inner core 181 are respectively connected to the first coupling microstrip line 142 and the second coupling microstrip line 143. The first feeding port 17 and the second feeding port 18 are respectively connected to the fifth metal floor 144 through the first coaxial feeding outer shell 172 and the second coaxial feeding outer shell 182. The first coaxial feeding inner core 171 and the coaxial feeding inner core 181 are the feeding parts and directly extend to the first coupling microstrip line 142 and the second coupling microstrip line 143 on the lower surface of the third layer of dielectric 13.

[0108] Step S3: The first coupling microstrip line 142 and the second coupling microstrip line 143 respectively couple and transmit energy to the first microstrip patch 112 and the second microstrip patch 122 through the first H-shaped slot 132 and the second H-shaped slot 133.

[0109] Step S4: The dual circularly polarized antenna element 1 radiates signals through the first microstrip patch 112 and the second microstrip patch 122. Among them, the second microstrip patch 122 provided with a square hole 123 can be used to adjust the impedance of the antenna.

[0110] Simulation Example 1

[0111] Set the operating frequency band of the dual circularly polarized antenna element to the W band of 79 GHz - 83 GHz, the element size to 1.8 mm * 1.8 mm (0.5λ * 0.5λ, where λ is the free space wavelength at 83 GHz), one port of the element is excited to radiate a circular polarization mode, and the other port is excited to radiate an orthogonal circular polarization mode.

[0112] The simulation results show that within the operating frequency band, when the scanning angle of the left-handed circular polarization port of the dual circularly polarized antenna element increases from 0° to 60° in the phi = 0° plane and the phi = 90° plane, the worst standing wave of the left-handed circular polarization port is 2.30, and the lowest radiation efficiency is 63%. The axial ratio of the left-handed circular polarization port of the dual circularly polarized antenna element is below 3 dB within the operating frequency band when not scanned in the phi = 0° plane and the phi = 90° plane, below 4 dB within the operating frequency band when the scanning angle increases to 45°, and below 5 dB when the scanning angle increases to 60°. When the scanning angle of the left-handed circular polarization port of the dual circularly polarized antenna element increases from 0° to 60° in the phi = 0° plane and the phi = 90° plane, the port isolation within the element increases from -20 dB to -14 dB.

[0113] When the scanning angle of the right-handed circular polarization port of the dual circularly polarized antenna element increases from 0° to 60° in the phi = 0° plane and the phi = 90° plane, the worst standing wave of the left-handed circular polarization port is 2.30, and the lowest radiation efficiency is 64%. The axial ratio of the right-handed circular polarization port of the dual circularly polarized antenna element is below 3 dB within the operating frequency band when not scanned in the phi = 0° plane and the phi = 90° plane, below 4 dB within the operating frequency band when the scanning angle increases to 45°, and below 5 dB when the scanning angle increases to 60°. When the scanning angle of the right-handed circular polarization port of the dual circularly polarized antenna element increases from 0° to 60° in the phi = 0° plane and the phi = 90° plane, the port isolation within the element increases from -20 dB to -14 dB.

[0114] Simulation Example 2

[0115] Set the operating frequency band of the dual circularly polarized antenna element to the W band of 80 GHz - 86 GHz, the element size to 1.74 mm * 1.74 mm (0.5λ * 0.5λ, where λ is the free space wavelength at 86 GHz), one port of the element is excited to radiate a circular polarization mode, and the other port is excited to radiate an orthogonal circular polarization mode.

[0116] The simulation results show that within the operating frequency band, when the scanning angle of the left-handed circular polarization port of the dual circular polarization antenna element increases from 0° to 60° in the phi = 0° plane and the phi = 90° plane, the worst standing wave of the left-handed circular polarization port is 2.35, and the lowest radiation efficiency is 61%. The axial ratio of the left-handed circular polarization port of the dual circular polarization antenna element in the phi = 0° plane and the phi = 90° plane without scanning is below 3 dB within the operating frequency band. When the scanning angle increases to 45°, the axial ratio is below 4 dB within the operating frequency band. When the scanning angle increases to 60°, the axial ratio is below 5 dB.

[0117] The simulation results show that within the operating frequency band, when the scanning angle of the right-handed circular polarization port of the dual circular polarization antenna element increases from 0° to 60° in the phi = 0° plane and the phi = 90° plane, the worst standing wave of the left-handed circular polarization port is 2.25, and the lowest radiation efficiency is 60%. The axial ratio of the left-handed circular polarization port of the dual circular polarization antenna element in the phi = 0° plane and the phi = 90° plane without scanning is below 3 dB within the operating frequency band. When the scanning angle increases to 45°, the axial ratio is below 4 dB within the operating frequency band. When the scanning angle increases to 60°, the axial ratio is below 5 dB.

[0118] Simulation Example 3

[0119] The simulation results of the dual circular polarization antenna element 1 with a full array of the antenna array of the present invention using an 8*8 array are as follows:

[0120] The dual circular polarization glass-based antenna array with a scale of 8*8 operates in left-handed circular polarization with a full array in the frequency range of 80 GHz - 86 GHz. When scanning to 60° in the phi = 0° plane and scanning to 60° in the phi = 90° plane, the active standing wave of the port is less than 3; and the axial ratio of the full array without scanning can be below 3 dB in the entire frequency band. When scanning to 60° in the phi = 0° plane and scanning to 60° in the phi = 90° plane, the axial ratio of the full array is still below 5 dB in the entire frequency band. When scanning to 60°, the array still has a minimum gain of 17.1 dB within the frequency band.

[0121] The dual circular polarization glass-based antenna array with a scale of 8*8 operates in right-handed circular polarization with a full array in the frequency range of 80 GHz - 86 GHz. When scanning to 60° in the phi = 0° plane and scanning to 60° in the phi = 90° plane, the active standing wave of the port is less than 3; and the axial ratio of the full array without scanning can be below 3 dB in the entire frequency band. When scanning to 60° in the phi = 0° plane and scanning to 60° in the phi = 90° plane, the axial ratio of the full array is still below 5 dB in the entire frequency band. When scanning to 60°, the array still has a minimum gain of 17.6 dB within the frequency band.

[0122] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided in this embodiment has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0123] 1. The invented W-band dual-circularly polarized glass-based array antenna uses a glass substrate with a relatively low dielectric constant as the dielectric material. By designing the structure of a double-layer patch, the unit bandwidth is increased. By designing the patch chamfer, circularly polarized radiation is achieved. By designing the structure of an H-shaped slot (slot opening in the unit cavity), the isolation between different polarization ports is reduced, enabling the antenna array to still have low standing wave, low polarization isolation, good axial ratio, radiation efficiency and other electrical performance indicators during large-angle scanning.

[0124] 2. The W-band dual-circularly polarized glass-based array antenna of the present invention enhances the internal shielding effect of the antenna array by designing a coaxial feed housing and applying it to the dual-circularly polarized antenna array to reduce the mutual influence between the units in the antenna array.

[0125] 3. The W-band dual-circularly polarized glass-based array antenna of the present invention is composed of regularly arranged optimized dual-circularly polarized glass-based antenna units, and has better characteristics than a single dual-circularly polarized glass-based antenna unit, such as a wider bandwidth, a larger scanning angle, lower port isolation, lower standing wave, lower polarization isolation, good axial ratio and radiation efficiency.

[0126] 4. Compared with a single-circularly polarized antenna, the W-band dual-circularly polarized glass-based array antenna of the present invention can receive both left-handed circularly polarized and right-handed circularly polarized signals simultaneously.

[0127] The above is only the preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-circularly polarized glass-based array antenna in the W-band, characterized in that, it includes a plurality of dual-circularly polarized antenna elements (1) distributed in an array; the dual-circularly polarized antenna element (1) includes: a radiation layer and a feeding layer; the radiation layer includes: a first dielectric layer (11) and a second dielectric layer (12); the feeding layer includes: a third dielectric layer (13) and a fourth dielectric layer (14); the radiation layer is provided with a plurality of first metal vias (15), and the feeding layer is provided with a plurality of second metal vias (16); microstrip patches are provided on the upper surfaces of both the first dielectric layer (11) and the second dielectric layer (12); a third metal floor (131) is provided on the upper surface of the third dielectric layer (13), and an H-shaped slot is provided on the third metal floor (131); there are two H-shaped slots, namely: a first H-shaped slot (132) and a second H-shaped slot (133); a coupled microstrip line is provided on the upper surface of the fourth dielectric layer (14); the coupled microstrip line includes a first coupled microstrip line (142) and a second coupled microstrip line (143); a coaxial feeding inner core and a coaxial feeding outer shell are provided below the fourth dielectric layer (14); the coaxial feeding inner core penetrates through the fourth dielectric layer (14), and the upper end of the coaxial feeding inner core is connected to the coupled microstrip line, and the lower end is connected to the feeding port; a first metal floor (111) is further provided on the upper surface of the first dielectric layer (11); the first metal floor (111) is L-shaped and is arranged at the four corners of the upper surface of the first dielectric layer (11); a second metal floor (121) is further provided on the upper surface of the second dielectric layer (12); the second metal floor (121) is L-shaped and is arranged at the four corners of the upper surface of the second dielectric layer (12); the microstrip patches include: a first microstrip patch (112) and a second microstrip patch (122); the first microstrip patch (112) is arranged on the upper surface of the first dielectric layer (11); the second microstrip patch (122) is arranged on the upper surface of the second dielectric layer (12); both the first microstrip patch (112) and the second microstrip patch (122) are provided with chamfers; a square hole (123) is provided at the center of the second microstrip patch (122); a fourth metal floor (141) is provided on the upper surface of the fourth dielectric layer (14); a fifth metal floor (144) is provided on the lower surface of the fourth dielectric layer (14); the first dielectric layer (11), the second dielectric layer (12), the third dielectric layer (13) and the fourth dielectric layer (14) are arranged in sequence from top to bottom and are all made of glass material; the first metal via (15) penetrates through the first metal floor (111), the first dielectric layer (11), the second metal floor (121), the second dielectric layer (12) and the third metal floor (131); the second metal via (16) penetrates through the third metal floor (131), the third dielectric layer (13), the fourth metal floor (141), the fourth dielectric layer (14) and the fifth metal floor (144).

2. The dual-circularly polarized glass-based array antenna in the W-band according to claim 1, characterized in that, the coaxial feeding inner core includes: a first coaxial feeding inner core (171) and a second coaxial feeding inner core (181); the coaxial feeding outer shell includes: a first coaxial feeding outer shell (172) and a second coaxial feeding outer shell (182).

3. The dual-circularly polarized glass-based array antenna in the W-band according to claim 2, characterized in that, the first coaxial feeding inner core (171) and the first coaxial feeding outer shell (172) are coaxial; the second coaxial feeding inner core (181) and the second coaxial feeding outer shell (182) are coaxial.

4. The feeding method of the dual-circularly polarized glass-based array antenna in the W-band according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, the dual-circularly polarized antenna element (1) adopts a coaxial feeding method, and the feeding process is as follows: Step S1: Feed through the first feeding port (17) and the second feeding port (18) at the bottom of the dual-circularly polarized antenna element (1); Step S2: The first feeding port (17) and the second feeding port (18) are respectively connected to the fifth metal floor (144) through the first coaxial feeding outer shell (172) and the second coaxial feeding outer shell (182). The first coaxial feeding inner core (171) and the second coaxial feeding inner core (181) are the feeding parts, directly connected to the first coupling microstrip line (142) and the second coupling microstrip line (143) on the lower surface of the third layer of dielectric (13), and transmit the electrical signal to the first coupling microstrip line (142) and the second coupling microstrip line (143); Step S3: The first coupling microstrip line (142) and the second coupling microstrip line (143) respectively couple and transmit the energy to the first microstrip patch (112) and the second microstrip patch (122) through the first H-shaped slot (132) and the second H-shaped slot (133); and convert the electrical signal into an electromagnetic wave signal; Step S4: The dual-circularly polarized antenna element (1) radiates electromagnetic wave signals to the external space through the first microstrip patch (112) and the second microstrip patch (122).

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