Horizontal plane zero-sweep antenna

Abstract

The present invention discloses a horizontal plane zero-direction frequency sweep antenna, belonging to the field of antenna and microwave technology. The present invention loads a first sector-shaped patch (1') and a second sector-shaped patch (1") on a dielectric substrate (1) of arbitrary dielectric constant. The first sector-shaped patch (1') and the second sector-shaped patch (1") are connected to the dielectric substrate (1) at their circumferences by vertical short-circuit walls. A slot (2), a coaxial feeding probe (3) and a short-circuit pin (4) are loaded on the first sector-shaped patch (1'), so that the first three radiation modes of the antenna are excited, disturbed and aggregated, and radiation zero points that can be scanned with frequency changes are symmetrically generated on the horizontal plane; at the same time, by adding the second sector-shaped patch (1"), a single-direction zero-direction frequency sweep function in the horizontal plane is realized. The zero-direction frequency sweep antenna realized by the present invention has a wide scanning range, high sensitivity, small size, low profile and simple structure, and has broad application prospects in various wireless sensing systems, direction-finding systems and anti-interference systems of the Internet of Things.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a horizontal plane zero-direction frequency-sweeping antenna, and belongs to the fields of antenna and microwave technology and the Internet of Things. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of wireless communication technology, the frequency range of interference signals has expanded, and the electromagnetic environment has continued to deteriorate. To improve the reliability and effectiveness of communication systems, interfering signals need to be located and eliminated. Traditional direction-finding and anti-interference antennas are large and complex. With the advent of the 6G era, the communication spectrum will evolve further toward higher frequencies while also distributing and occupying lower frequency bands. As system frequency bands increase and device density increases, the development of various miniaturized direction-finding and anti-interference antennas is necessary to eliminate inter-system interference.

[0003] Microstrip patch antennas are one of the most widely used antennas in wireless communication systems. However, ordinary microstrip patch antennas do not have the radiation zero-direction frequency scanning function. Specially designed microstrip patch antennas can only achieve the zero-direction frequency scanning function in the pitch plane, but cannot achieve the zero-direction frequency scanning function in the horizontal plane. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the above-mentioned issues, the present invention proposes a novel design method for a horizontal-plane null-beam frequency-sweep antenna. The resulting antenna can generate a frequency-dependent radiation null in the horizontal plane. The null's sweep direction is unidirectional, and the slope of the null-beam frequency sweep curve can be either positive or negative. This antenna features a small size, simple structure, and low profile, making it easy to manufacture and implement. It can achieve a wide-angle null-beam frequency sweep in the horizontal plane without the need for a complex phase-shifting power splitter network. It has broad application prospects in wireless communication direction-finding and anti-interference systems.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to solve the above technical problems:

[0006] A horizontal plane zero-direction frequency-sweeping antenna, comprising a dielectric substrate, a first sector-shaped patch, and a second sector-shaped patch;

[0007] The first sector-shaped patch and the second sector-shaped patch are respectively connected to the dielectric substrate via vertical short-circuit walls at their respective circumferences to form two non-enclosed structures;

[0008] The first sector-shaped patch is provided with a pin connected to the dielectric substrate;

[0009] The first sector-shaped patch is symmetrically grooved inward from two radial edges, and the length of the groove is greater than or equal to 0.25 wavelengths;

[0010] The first sector-shaped patch is provided with a coaxial feeding structure connected to the dielectric substrate, and is fed by a coaxial feeding method.

[0011] Furthermore, the central angle of the first sector-shaped patch is greater than 10° and less than or equal to 150°, and the central angle of the second sector-shaped patch is greater than 30° and less than or equal to 180°.

[0012] Furthermore, the radius of the first sector-shaped patch is greater than or equal to 0.8 wavelengths, the radius of the second sector-shaped patch is greater than or equal to 0.3 wavelengths, and the radius of the first sector-shaped patch is 0.25 to 0.75 wavelengths longer than that of the second sector-shaped patch.

[0013] Furthermore, the angle between the central axis of the first sector-shaped patch and the central axis of the second sector-shaped patch is greater than 30° and less than 180°.

[0014] Furthermore, the distance between the center of the first sector-shaped patch and the center of the second sector-shaped patch is greater than or equal to 0.01 wavelength.

[0015] Furthermore, the height difference between the first sector-shaped patch and the second sector-shaped patch is greater than or equal to 0 wavelength.

[0016] Furthermore, the short-circuit pin is located on the central axis of the first sector-shaped patch and is 0.5 wavelength away from the center of the first sector-shaped patch.

[0017] Furthermore, the coaxial feeding structure is located on the central axis of the first sector-shaped patch.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention employs the above technical solution and has the following technical effects: The present invention can, while using a planar structure, generate a horizontal radiation null direction that can be scanned with frequency by loading a first sector-shaped patch and a second sector-shaped patch with a circumferential short circuit, and loading a short-circuit pin and a slot on the first sector-shaped patch. The scanning direction of the radiation null direction is unidirectional, and the slope of the null direction frequency scanning curve can be either positive or negative. The antenna has a wide scanning range, high sensitivity, a small size, a low profile, a simple structure, and does not require a complex external phase-shifting power splitter network, making it easy to manufacture and implement. It has broad application prospects in wireless communication direction-finding systems and anti-interference systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the front structure and reference coordinates of an antenna in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an antenna and a schematic diagram of reference coordinates in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 In one embodiment of the present invention, the antenna reflection coefficient characteristic is calculated using HFSS software;

[0022] Figure 4 The antenna radiation pattern of the antenna in one embodiment of the present invention is calculated using HFSS software;

[0023] Figure 5 is an angular frequency curve of the antenna radiation zero-direction frequency scan in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Among them, 1, 1', and 1" are the dielectric substrate, the first sector-shaped patch, and the second sector-shaped patch, respectively; 2 and 2' are slots; 3 is the coaxial feeding structure; 4 is the short-circuit pin; 5 is the central axis of the first sector-shaped patch; and 6 is the central axis of the second sector-shaped patch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be interpreted as limiting the present invention.

[0026] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art in the art to which the present invention belongs. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in common dictionaries should be understood to have meanings consistent with their meanings in the context of the prior art and, unless defined as such, will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense.

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0028] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, in one embodiment, a horizontal plane zero-direction frequency-sweeping antenna comprises a first sector-shaped patch with a symmetrical slot structure, a second sector-shaped patch, and a circular dielectric substrate. The first and second sector-shaped patches are connected to the circular dielectric substrate via vertical short-circuit walls at their respective circumferences, forming a non-enclosed structure. In this embodiment, the first sector-shaped patch and the second sector-shaped patch are parallel and have a height difference. A coaxial feed probe and a short-circuit pin connected to the circular dielectric substrate are provided on the central axis of the first sector-shaped patch. The circular dielectric substrate has a relative dielectric constant of 1-20.

[0029] In this embodiment, air medium is used, the radius of the circular dielectric substrate is 100 mm, the radius of the first sector-shaped patch with a groove structure is 72.8 mm, and the radius of the second sector-shaped patch is 30 mm; the center angle of the first sector-shaped patch is 15°, and the center angle of the second sector-shaped patch is 70°; the distance between the first sector-shaped patch and the dielectric substrate is 5 mm, and the distance between the second sector-shaped patch and the dielectric substrate is 3 mm; the height difference between the first sector-shaped patch and the second sector-shaped patch is 2 mm; the first sector-shaped patch is 15°, and the second sector-shaped patch is 15° ... The angle between the central axis of the first sector-shaped patch and the central axis of the second sector-shaped patch is 90°; the distance between the center of the first sector-shaped patch and the center of the second sector-shaped patch is 5 mm; the starting point of the slot on the first sector-shaped patch is 48.2 mm away from the center of the circle, the length of the slot is 16.5 mm, and the width is 3 mm; the coaxial feeding structure and short-circuit pin on the first sector-shaped patch are both set on the central axis, at a distance of 20.6 mm and 21.2 mm from the center of the circle, and the radii are 0.65 mm and 2.5 mm, respectively.

[0030] The antenna characteristics obtained by HFSS software simulation are as follows:

[0031] Figure 3 The reflection coefficient characteristics of the antenna of this embodiment are calculated using HFSS software. The antenna achieves three-mode resonance and its impedance bandwidth covers the frequency band from 3.08 to 3.72 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of 19.5%.

[0032] Figure 4 Figure 2 shows the radiation pattern of an embodiment calculated using HFSS software. The solid line represents the pattern at a frequency of 3.15 GHz, with a null at an azimuth angle of 165°. The dashed line represents the pattern at a frequency of 3.3 GHz, with a null at an azimuth angle of 210°. The dash-dotted line represents the pattern at a frequency of 3.55 GHz, with a null at an azimuth angle of 265°. This shows that the antenna achieves unidirectional zero-sweep in the horizontal plane.

[0033] Figure 5 This is the angular frequency curve of the radiation zero-direction frequency scanning of the antenna of this embodiment. The antenna can realize zero-direction frequency scanning in the azimuth angle range of 145°-285° and the angular frequency curve presents a positive slope characteristic.

[0034] In summary, the horizontal plane zero-direction frequency sweep antenna proposed in the present invention can achieve horizontal plane bidirectional zero-direction frequency sweep performance through a first sector-shaped patch and a dielectric substrate with a circumferential short-circuit and loaded short-circuit pins and a symmetrical slot structure. Simultaneously, the non-enclosed structure of a second sector-shaped patch with a circumferential short-circuit achieves horizontal plane unidirectional zero-direction frequency sweep performance. The horizontal plane zero-direction frequency sweep antenna designed in the present invention has a wide scanning range, high sensitivity, a small size, a low profile, and a simple structure. It has broad application prospects in wireless communication direction-finding systems and anti-interference systems.

[0035] The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technology can understand and think of any changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A horizontal plane zero-direction frequency-sweeping antenna, characterized by: The invention comprises a dielectric substrate (1), a first fan-shaped patch (1'), and a second fan-shaped patch (1") parallel to the first fan-shaped patch (1'): The first sector-shaped patch (1') and the second sector-shaped patch (1") are respectively connected to the dielectric substrate (1) via vertical short-circuit walls at their respective circumferences to form a non-enclosed structure; The first sector-shaped patch (1') is provided with symmetrical grooves (2, 2') extending inwards from two radial edges. The first sector-shaped patch (1') is provided with a coaxial feeding structure (3) connected to the dielectric substrate (1); The first sector-shaped patch (1') is provided with a short-circuit pin (4) connected to the dielectric substrate (1).

2. The horizontal plane zero-direction frequency-sweeping antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radius of the first sector-shaped patch (1') is greater than or equal to 0.8 wavelengths, and the radius of the second sector-shaped patch (1") is greater than or equal to 0.3 wavelengths; the radius of the first sector-shaped patch (1') is 0.25 to 0.75 wavelengths longer than the radius of the second sector-shaped patch (1").

3. The horizontal plane zero-direction frequency-sweeping antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central angle of the first sector-shaped patch (1') is greater than 10° and less than or equal to 150°, and the central angle of the second sector-shaped patch (1") is greater than 30° and less than or equal to 180°.

4. The horizontal plane zero-direction frequency-sweeping antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the central axis (5) of the first sector-shaped patch (1') and the central axis (6) of the second sector-shaped patch (1") is greater than 30° and less than or equal to 180°.

5. The horizontal plane zero-direction frequency-sweeping antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the center of the first sector-shaped patch (1') and the center of the second sector-shaped patch (1") is greater than or equal to 0.01 wavelength.

6. The horizontal plane zero-direction frequency-sweeping antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height difference between the first sector-shaped patch (1') and the second sector-shaped patch (1") is greater than or equal to 0 wavelength.

7. The horizontal plane zero-direction frequency-sweeping antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the groove (2, 2') is greater than or equal to 0.25 wavelength.

8. The horizontal plane zero-direction frequency-sweeping antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The short-circuit pin (4) is located on the central axis (5) of the first sector-shaped patch (1') and is 0.5 wavelength away from the center of the first sector-shaped patch (1').

9. The horizontal plane zero-direction frequency-sweeping antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coaxial feeding structure (3) is located on the central axis (5) of the first sector-shaped patch (1').

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