A multi-purpose terminal loading and unloading system, operation method and layout method for ultra-large water level differences

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of wharf loading and unloading systems. More precisely, it relates to a multi-purpose wharf loading and unloading system, an operation method and an arrangement method for a large water level difference. The technical solution of the present invention is a multi-purpose wharf loading and unloading system for a large water level difference, which includes a water-side loading and unloading system, a ramp transportation system, and a land-side loading and unloading system; the water-side loading and unloading system is located at the lower end of the ramp, and includes a water-side multi-purpose crane installed on a floating pontoon, and a pedestrian steel access bridge connecting the water-side multi-purpose crane and the ramp; the ramp transportation system includes tracks laid on the ramp, multi-purpose rail vehicles running on the tracks for receiving goods, and a longitudinal traction device arranged in the upper region of the ramp for towing the multi-purpose rail vehicles; the land-side loading and unloading system is arranged at the upper end of the ramp and includes a land-side multi-purpose crane and a wharf land area for loading and unloading goods.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wharf loading and unloading systems, and more precisely, it relates to a multi-purpose wharf loading and unloading system, operation method and layout method for a large water level difference. Background Art

[0002] The water level difference between the high and low water levels in the deep water channel of the lower reaches of the Jinsha River reservoir area reaches 60 meters, which brings huge challenges to the planning and construction of shipping wharves in the reservoir area. Generally, the water level difference between the high and low water levels of inland multi-purpose wharves is mostly within 15 meters, and the water level difference faced by multi-purpose wharves in the Chongqing area of the Three Gorges Reservoir area is only about 30 meters. For multi-purpose wharves with a water level difference within 30 meters, an upright wharf layout method with layered mooring is usually adopted, and loading and unloading equipment such as multi-purpose portal cranes is configured at the wharf front to achieve the loading and unloading operations of multiple goods such as containers, general cargo, and dry bulk cargo. For a construction environment with an ultra-large water level difference far exceeding 30 meters, equipment such as multi-purpose portal cranes cannot take into account such a large water level difference, and conventional wharf loading and unloading process schemes will no longer be applicable. Moreover, under normal circumstances, the topographic and geological conditions are also difficult to build an upright wharf suitable for an ultra-high water level difference. Therefore, building a multi-purpose wharf under ultra-large water level difference conditions faces great challenges.

[0003] At present, no solution for a multi-purpose wharf in an ultra-large water level difference environment has been seen. For a dry bulk cargo wharf with an ultra-large water level difference, the Chinese invention patent (CN113371473A) discloses a combined construction idea for a bulk cargo wharf, by separately building a high water level loading platform, a middle water level loading platform and a low water level loading platform suitable for different water levels, and equipped with appropriate loading and unloading machinery to meet the needs of bulk cargo loading onto ships. For a container wharf with an ultra-large water level difference, the Chinese utility model patent (CN215710136U) proposes a combined container wharf based on high water level, middle water level and low water level graded loading platforms. In fact, this idea of a combined wharf can also be applied to a multi-purpose wharf with an ultra-large water level difference. That is, by building high water level, middle water level and low water level loading platforms, and combining and configuring the above two loading and unloading process systems of the dry bulk cargo wharf and the container wharf, the functions of a multi-purpose wharf can be realized. However, the disadvantage of this wharf layout is that the investment in the hydraulic structure is relatively large, and the connecting road is long, which will occupy more shoreline resources. Therefore, for the construction conditions of an ultra-large water level difference, it is necessary to provide a multi-purpose wharf loading and unloading system with a relatively simple system, convenient operation and relatively low investment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a multi-purpose wharf loading and unloading system, operation method and layout method for a large water level difference.

[0005] The technical object of the present invention is achieved as follows: A multi-purpose terminal handling system for ultra-large water level differences includes a water-side handling system, a ramp transportation system, and a land-side handling system; the water-side handling system is located at the lower end of the ramp, and includes a water-side multi-purpose crane installed on a floating dock, and a steel pedestrian bridge connecting the water-side multi-purpose crane and the ramp; the ramp transportation system includes tracks laid on the ramp, multi-purpose rail vehicles running on the tracks for receiving goods, and a longitudinal traction device arranged in the upper region of the ramp for towing the multi-purpose rail vehicles; the land-side handling system is arranged at the upper end of the ramp, and includes a land-side multi-purpose crane and a terminal land area for loading and unloading goods.

[0006] Further, the steel pedestrian bridge is connected between the floating dock and the pedestrian steps at the lower end of the ramp; the pedestrian steps are arranged in the middle or on the side of the tracks.

[0007] Further, the longitudinal traction device includes a winch unit and a traction steel wire rope connected thereto, and the traction steel wire rope is connected to the multi-purpose rail vehicle.

[0008] Further, the winch unit is arranged on the side of the ramp, and its arrangement elevation is the same as that of the terminal land area; or it is arranged directly in front of the ramp, and its arrangement elevation is staggered up and down from that of the terminal land area.

[0009] Further, the upper part of the multi-purpose rail vehicle is a horizontal goods placement area, the lower part is parallel to the ramp and runs on the tracks with steel wheels, and the front end is connected to the traction steel wire rope of the longitudinal traction device through a pulley or a traction bitt.

[0010] Further, the multi-purpose rail vehicles are arranged side by side, and at least two multi-purpose rail vehicles are configured for each water-side multi-purpose crane.

[0011] Further, a bulk cargo transfer bin is placed on the goods placement area of the multi-purpose rail vehicle, lifting lugs for hoisting are arranged on the upper part of the bulk cargo transfer bin, and a valve is provided on the bottom baffle of the bulk cargo transfer bin at the bottom.

[0012] Further, the land-side multi-purpose crane is one of a fixed crane, a gantry crane on tracks, and a portal crane.

[0013] The present invention also provides an operation method for a multi-purpose terminal handling system for ultra-large water level differences, and this operation method includes:

[0014] When at the lowest water level, the water-side loading and unloading system is located at the lowest end of the ramp; multiple multi-purpose railcars arranged side by side in the ramp transportation system respectively travel back and forth between the lowest end and the uppermost end of the ramp; when the water-side multi-purpose crane on the floating dock conducts loading and unloading operations on the multi-purpose railcar located at the lowest end of the ramp, the land-side multi-purpose crane conducts loading and unloading on the multi-purpose railcar located at the uppermost end of the ramp;

[0015] When the water level gradually rises, the floating dock gradually moves towards the land area of the dock, and the round-trip travel distance of the multi-purpose railcars on the ramp gradually shortens; when the water level rises to the highest water level, at this time the travel distance of the multi-purpose railcars is the shortest and can be zero; the process of the water level dropping is the opposite;

[0016] When the multi-purpose dock loads and unloads containers, replace the lifting appliances of the water-side multi-purpose crane and the land-side multi-purpose crane with container lifting appliances; the water-side multi-purpose crane directly hoists the containers on the cargo ship onto the multi-purpose railcar horizontally, and then the railcar moves to the uppermost end of the ramp, and the land-side multi-purpose crane hoists the container onto the container truck; the container loading process onto the ship is the opposite;

[0017] When the multi-purpose dock loads and unloads general cargo, replace the lifting appliances of the water-side multi-purpose crane and the land-side multi-purpose crane with hooks; the water-side multi-purpose crane and the land-side multi-purpose crane directly conduct lifting operations on the cargo between the cargo ship, the multi-purpose railcar, and the general cargo transport vehicle through the hooks;

[0018] When the multi-purpose dock loads and unloads dry bulk cargo, load the dry bulk cargo into multiple bulk cargo transfer bins, and the water-side multi-purpose crane and the land-side multi-purpose crane conduct lifting operations on the bulk cargo transfer bins between the cargo ship, the multi-purpose railcar, and the bulk cargo transfer bin transport vehicle through the hooks;

[0019] When unloading bulk cargo from the ship, replace the lifting appliance of the water-side multi-purpose crane with a grab bucket, and replace the lifting appliance of the land-side multi-purpose crane with a hook; the water-side multi-purpose crane grabs the cargo in the ship's hold into the bulk cargo transfer bin on the multi-purpose railcar located at the end of the ramp; when the multi-purpose railcar moves to the uppermost end of the ramp through the longitudinal traction device, the land-side multi-purpose crane uses the hook to hoist the bulk cargo transfer bin to the designated position on the dock land; then open the valve of the bulk cargo transfer bin, so that the bulk cargo is unloaded into the receiving hopper of the belt conveyor transportation system or the dump truck; after the bulk cargo is unloaded, hoist the empty bulk cargo transfer bin back to the multi-purpose railcar, and then start the next operation process; or, the land-side multi-purpose crane directly hoists the bulk cargo transfer bin onto the transport vehicle, transports it to the designated location and then unloads the cargo, and then transports the empty bulk cargo transfer bin after unloading back to the land-side multi-purpose crane, and it hoists it onto the multi-purpose railcar on the ramp;

[0020] When bulk cargo is loaded onto the ship, the spreader of the water-side multi-purpose crane is replaced with a hook, and the spreader of the land-side multi-purpose crane is replaced with a grab or a hook; the bulk cargo is first loaded into the bulk cargo transfer warehouse. The ways for the bulk cargo to enter the warehouse include: entering the bulk cargo transfer warehouse through a mobile belt conveyor, or being loaded into the bulk cargo transfer warehouse by a loader in the yard, etc., or being directly grabbed into the bulk cargo transfer warehouse by the grab of the land-side crane; the locations where the bulk cargo enters the bulk cargo transfer warehouse include: completing the warehousing at the dry bulk yard, and then being transported to the loading and unloading position of the land-side multi-purpose crane by a transport vehicle; or being transported to the hopper near the land-side multi-purpose crane by a belt conveyor and loaded into the bulk cargo transfer warehouse; or being transported by a belt conveyor to be temporarily stored within the operation range of the land-side multi-purpose crane, and then being put into the warehouse by the grab of the land-side multi-purpose crane.

[0021] When the bulk cargo transfer warehouse filled with materials is within the lifting range of the land-side multi-purpose crane, the land-side multi-purpose crane hoists the bulk cargo transfer warehouse to the multi-purpose rail vehicle at the uppermost end of the ramp through a hook, or the land-side multi-purpose crane equipped with a grab directly grabs the bulk cargo on the nearby temporary yard into the empty bulk cargo transfer warehouse on the multi-purpose rail vehicle; the multi-purpose rail vehicle transports it to the lowermost end of the ramp; the water-side multi-purpose crane hoists the bulk cargo transfer warehouse to a suitable position above the cabin through a hook, and then opens the valve of the bulk cargo transfer warehouse, and the materials leak into the cabin through the bottom of the bulk cargo transfer warehouse; after unloading the bulk cargo, close the valve of the bulk cargo transfer warehouse, put the empty bulk cargo transfer warehouse back onto the rail vehicle, and the rail vehicle then moves it to the uppermost end of the ramp; thus, one operation cycle is completed.

[0022] The present invention also provides an arrangement method for a multi-purpose terminal handling system facing a large water level difference. The arrangement method includes the following steps:

[0023] Step S10: Obtain the basic information of the terminal layout and determine the number of handling operation lines for each berth; the basic information includes the design throughput, the berthing ship type, and the annual operation days.

[0024] Step S20: Determine the number of multi-purpose rail vehicles for each berth according to the number of the handling operation lines.

[0025] Step S30: Build a terminal layout model according to the number of the multi-purpose rail vehicles, in combination with the ramp information; the ramp information includes the ramp topographic and geological information, the design high water level, and the design low water level.

[0026] Step S40: Solve the layout model to generate the layout dimensions and plan of the multi-purpose terminal handling system.

[0027] Further, in step S10, the determination of the number of handling operation lines for each berth includes:

[0028] Step S11: Calculate the number of handling operation lines according to the handling efficiency matching principle.

[0029] That is, according to the designed throughput of each berth and the annual working days, calculate the ship-hour efficiency of the berth; according to the ship-hour efficiency of the berth and the efficiency of each handling operation line, calculate the number of handling operation lines.

[0030] Step S12: According to the principle of reasonable layout space, review the number of handling operation lines.

[0031] That is, according to the loading dimensions of the designed ship type in the ship length direction and the reasonable working range of the water-side multi-purpose crane in the ship length direction, calculate the number of handling operation lines that can be arranged within the berth length.

[0032] Step S13: According to the review result, determine the final number of operation lines through the trial calculation method.

[0033] Furthermore, in step S20, the determining the number of multi-purpose rail vehicles for each berth according to the number of handling operation lines includes:

[0034] Step S21: According to the handling efficiency of each handling operation line and the operation efficiency of each multi-purpose rail vehicle, determine the number of multi-purpose rail vehicles corresponding to each handling operation line.

[0035] Step S22: According to the number of handling operation lines of each berth, calculate the number of multi-purpose rail vehicles for each berth.

[0036] Step S23: According to the principle of reasonable layout space, review the number of multi-purpose rail vehicles for each berth through the trial calculation method.

[0037] That is, according to the reasonable working range of the water-side multi-purpose crane and the layout spacing of multiple water-side multi-purpose cranes, review whether the layout space of the multi-purpose rail vehicle meets the requirements; when it does not meet the requirements, modify the layout spacing or working range of the multi-purpose crane, and determine the final number of multi-purpose rail vehicles through multiple trial calculations.

[0038] Furthermore, in step S30, the constructing the wharf layout model in combination with the ramp information includes:

[0039] Step S31: Construct a ramp layout model from the length and slope dimensions.

[0040] Step S32: Construct a ramp layout model from the width dimension.

[0041] Furthermore, step S40 includes:

[0042] Step S41: Determine the values of the key parameters in the wharf layout model and calculate other layout dimensions based on this.

[0043] Step S42: Arrange the multi-purpose wharf plan according to the layout dimensions.

[0044] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0045] (1) The present invention provides a feasible solution for constructing a multi-purpose wharf in an environment with a large water level drop. By setting multi-purpose rail cars on the ramp and configuring tools such as bulk cargo transfer bins and container spreaders, the loading and unloading operation requirements of different cargo types can be met.

[0046] (2) The slope of the ramp of the present invention can be steeper than that of a general ramp wharf. Under the condition of a large water level drop, the distance of the ramp extending into the river channel can be effectively controlled, reducing the impact on the navigation of the waterway.

[0047] (3) Compared with the combined multi-purpose wharf plan of high, medium, and low water level loading and unloading platforms, the present invention does not require the construction of multiple loading and unloading platforms and their connecting channels, resulting in relatively less hydraulic engineering investment and saving shoreline resources.

[0048] The layout method of the multi-purpose wharf loading and unloading system provided by the present invention for a large water level difference obtains the basic information of the wharf layout, constructs a wharf layout model in combination with the basic information, and then generates the layout dimensions and plan of the multi-purpose wharf loading and unloading system by solving the layout model, providing the feasibility of constructing a multi-purpose wharf in an environment with a large water level drop and improving the comprehensive efficiency of the layout of the multi-purpose wharf plan. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0049] Figure 1 It is a top view structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In this Embodiment 1, a fixed crane is used on the land side.

[0050] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the multi-purpose rail car when it is located at the upper end of the ramp in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the multi-purpose rail car when it is located at the lower end of the ramp in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 4 It is a top view structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In this Embodiment 2, a rail-mounted gantry crane is used on the land side.

[0053] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the multi-purpose rail car when it is located at the upper end of the ramp in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 6 It is a flow chart of the layout method provided by Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 7This is the dimensional schematic diagram of the water-side multi-purpose crane in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 8 This is the dimensional schematic diagram of the layout of the multi-purpose railcar in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0057] Explanation of reference numerals: cargo ship 1, floating dock 2, water-side multi-purpose crane 3, steel pedestrian bridge 4, pedestrian steps 5, multi-purpose railcar 6, ramp 7, winch house 8, towing wire rope 9, quay land area 10, fixed crane 11, gantry crane 12. Detailed implementation manners

[0058] To enable those of ordinary skill in the art to more clearly understand the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention, the following further elaborates the present invention with reference to the drawings and embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0059] Embodiment 1

[0060] A multi-purpose terminal handling system for ultra-large water level differences, as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, includes a water-side handling system, a ramp transportation system, and a land-side handling system. The water-side handling system is located at the lower end of the ramp 7 and includes a floating dock 2, a water-side multi-purpose crane 3, and a steel pedestrian bridge 4. The cargo ship 1 transports goods to the working range of the water-side multi-purpose crane 3. The ramp transportation system includes a longitudinal traction device in the upper region of the ramp 7, a track laid on the ramp, and a multi-purpose railcar 6 running on the track. The land-side handling system includes a land-side multi-purpose crane at the upper end of the ramp 7 and a quay land area for loading and unloading goods. In this embodiment, the land-side multi-purpose crane is a fixed crane 11.

[0061] The water-side multi-purpose crane 3 is installed on the floating dock 2 and can achieve the loading and unloading of containers, bulk goods, and general cargo by replacing different lifting appliances.

[0062] The steel pedestrian bridge 4 is connected between the floating dock 2 and the pedestrian steps 5 of the ramp 7; the pedestrian steps 5 are arranged at the middle position or side position of the multi-purpose railcar 6 and are used for the staff to board and disembark the ship;

[0063] The longitudinal traction device consists of a winch unit in the winch house 8 and a towing wire rope 9. When necessary, a redirecting pulley can also be configured for the towing wire rope 9. The towing wire rope 9 is connected to the multi-purpose railcar 6. The winch is provided with a synchronous drive mechanism so that the towing wire ropes 9 on both sides of the multi-purpose railcar 6 move synchronously to ensure the stable operation of the multi-purpose railcar 6.

[0064] The hoisting unit is arranged on the side of the ramp, and its elevation is the same as that of the terminal land area 10.

[0065] The side view of the multi-purpose rail vehicle 6 is triangular in shape, and its upper surface is a horizontal cargo placement area. It can stably place goods such as containers, bulk cargo transfer bins, and general cargo as needed, and its size can accommodate 1 40-foot container; the lower part of the multi-purpose rail vehicle 6 is parallel to the ramp, and it uses steel wheels to run on two convex rails; on both sides of the front end of the multi-purpose rail vehicle 6, pulleys or towing lugs are provided to realize its connection with the towing steel wire rope 9.

[0066] The multi-purpose rail vehicles 6 are arranged in pairs, and each water-side multi-purpose crane 3 on the floating dock 2 is equipped with 2 multi-purpose rail vehicles 6;

[0067] When loading and unloading bulk cargo, a bulk cargo transfer bin is placed on the cargo placement area of the multi-purpose rail vehicle. The bottom of the bulk cargo loading bin is horizontal and can be stably placed on the multi-purpose rail vehicle 6; the upper opening of the bulk cargo transfer bin is square, and a valve is provided at its bottom to control the opening or closing of the bottom baffle; lifting lugs are provided on the upper part of the bulk cargo transfer bin for lifting.

[0068] Both the water-side multi-purpose crane 3 and the land-side multi-purpose crane can select tools and accessories such as grabs, container spreaders, and hooks according to the operation scenario to realize the functions of loading and unloading containers, bulk cargo, and general cargo.

[0069] Embodiment 2

[0070] A multi-purpose terminal loading and unloading system for extremely large water level differences, as Figure 4 、 Figure 5 shown, includes a water-side loading and unloading system, a ramp transportation system, and a land-side loading and unloading system; except that the land-side multi-purpose crane in Embodiment 1 is changed from a fixed crane to a gantry crane 12 on rails, the rest is the same as Embodiment 1.

[0071] Embodiment 3

[0072] An operation method for the multi-purpose terminal loading and unloading system for extremely large water level differences described in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, and this operation method includes:

[0073] When at the lowest water level, as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3As shown in the figure, the water-side loading and unloading system is located at the lowest end of the ramp 7; the paired multi-purpose rail vehicles 6 in the ramp transportation system travel back and forth between the lowest end and the uppermost end of the ramp 7 respectively; when the water-side multi-purpose crane 3 on the barge 2 performs loading and unloading operations on the multi-purpose rail vehicle 6 located at the lowest end of the ramp 7, another multi-purpose rail vehicle 6 is at the uppermost end of the ramp 7. At this time, the land-side multi-purpose crane is performing loading and unloading on the multi-purpose rail vehicle 6 at the uppermost end of the ramp 7. When the water level gradually rises, the barge 2 gradually moves towards the land side 10 of the wharf, and the round-trip travel of the multi-purpose rail vehicle 6 on the ramp 7 gradually shortens; when the water level rises to the highest water level, its travel is the shortest and can even be zero at this time. The operation process during the water level decline is the opposite.

[0074] When loading and unloading containers at the multi-purpose wharf, replace the spreaders of the water-side multi-purpose crane 3 and the land-side multi-purpose crane with container spreaders. The water-side multi-purpose crane 3 directly hoists the containers on the cargo ship 1 onto the multi-purpose rail vehicle 6 and places them flat. Subsequently, the multi-purpose rail vehicle 6 moves to the uppermost end of the ramp 7, and then the land-side multi-purpose crane hoists the containers onto the transport vehicle. The container loading process onto the ship is the opposite.

[0075] When loading and unloading general cargo at the multi-purpose wharf, replace the spreaders of the water-side multi-purpose crane 3 and the land-side multi-purpose crane with hooks. The water-side multi-purpose crane 3 and the land-side multi-purpose crane directly perform hoisting operations on the cargo between the cargo ship 1, the multi-purpose rail vehicle 6, and the transport vehicle through the hooks.

[0076] When loading and unloading dry bulk cargo at the multi-purpose wharf, configure several funnel-shaped bulk cargo transfer bins for the dry bulk cargo. The water-side multi-purpose crane and the land-side multi-purpose crane perform hoisting operations on the bulk cargo transfer bins between the cargo ship, the multi-purpose rail vehicle, and the transport vehicle of the bulk cargo transfer bin through the hooks.

[0077] When discharging bulk cargo from the ship, replace the spreader of the water-side multi-purpose crane 3 with a grab bucket, and replace the spreader of the land-side multi-purpose crane with a hook. The water-side multi-purpose crane 3 grabs the cargo in the ship's hold into the bulk cargo transfer bin on the multi-purpose rail vehicle 6 located at the end of the ramp 7; when the rail vehicle 6 moves to the uppermost end of the ramp 7 through the traction device, the land-side multi-purpose crane uses the hook to hoist the bulk cargo transfer bin to the designated position. Then open the valve of the bulk cargo transfer bin to discharge the bulk cargo to the designated location, such as the receiving hopper in the belt conveyor transportation system or the dump truck. After the bulk cargo is discharged, hoist the empty bulk cargo transfer bin back onto the multi-purpose rail vehicle 6, and then start the next operation process. In fact, the unloading of the bulk cargo transfer bin can also be completed in other areas on land. That is, the land-side crane 11 directly hoists the bulk cargo transfer bin onto the transport vehicle, transports it to the designated location and then unloads it, and then transports the empty bulk cargo transfer bin after unloading back to the land-side multi-purpose crane, and it hoists it onto the multi-purpose rail vehicle 6 on the ramp 7.

[0078] When bulk cargo is loaded onto the ship, the spreader of the multi-purpose crane 3 on the water side is replaced with a hook, and the spreader of the multi-purpose crane on the land side is replaced with a grab or a hook. The bulk cargo is first loaded into the bulk cargo transfer warehouse. There are various ways for the bulk cargo to enter the warehouse. For example, it can enter the bulk cargo transfer warehouse through a mobile belt conveyor, or be loaded into the bulk cargo transfer warehouse by a loader in the yard, or directly grabbed into the bulk cargo transfer warehouse by the grab of the land-side crane. There are also various locations where the bulk cargo enters the bulk cargo transfer warehouse: it can be loaded into the warehouse at the dry bulk yard and then transported to the loading and unloading position of the land-side multi-purpose crane by a flatbed truck; or transported to the hopper near the land-side multi-purpose crane through a belt conveyor and loaded into the bulk cargo transfer warehouse; or transported through a belt conveyor to be temporarily stored within the working range of the land-side multi-purpose crane and then grabbed into the warehouse by the grab of the land-side multi-purpose crane.

[0079] When the bulk cargo transfer warehouse filled with materials is within the lifting range of the land-side multi-purpose crane, the crane hoists the bulk cargo transfer warehouse onto the multi-purpose rail vehicle 6 at the uppermost end of the ramp 7 by means of a hook, or the land-side multi-purpose crane equipped with a grab directly grabs the bulk cargo on the nearby temporary yard into the empty bulk cargo transfer warehouse on the multi-purpose rail vehicle 6; the multi-purpose rail vehicle 6 transports it to the lowermost end of the ramp 7; the water-side multi-purpose crane 3 hoists the bulk cargo transfer warehouse by a hook to a suitable position above the ship's hold, and then opens the valve, and the materials leak into the ship's hold through the bottom of the bulk cargo transfer warehouse. After unloading the bulk cargo, the valve of the bulk cargo transfer warehouse is closed, and the empty bulk cargo transfer warehouse is placed back onto the multi-purpose rail vehicle 6, and the multi-purpose rail vehicle 6 then moves it to the uppermost end of the ramp 7. Thus, one operation cycle is completed.

[0080] Embodiment 4

[0081] This embodiment also provides a layout method for a multi-purpose terminal handling system facing a large water level difference. The layout method is as Figure 6 shown, and the dimensional parameters are as Figure 7 , Figure 8 shown, including steps S10 to S40:

[0082] S10. Obtain the basic information of the terminal layout and determine the number of handling operation lines for each berth; the basic information includes the designed throughput, the berthing ship type, and the annual operation days;

[0083] In this embodiment, the number of handling operation lines is specifically determined according to formula a1;

[0084]

[0085] Among them, P c is the ship-hour efficiency of the berth; n' is the calculated value of the number of handling operation lines for each berth; p z is the efficiency of each handling operation line; r q1It is the reasonable working range of the water-side multi-purpose crane along the ship length direction on the cargo ship side; L c It is the loading length of the designed ship type in the ship length direction; n is the final value of the number of loading and unloading operation lines at each berth;

[0086] In this embodiment, the number of loading and unloading operation lines is 2.

[0087] S20. Determine the number of multi-purpose rail cars at each berth according to the number of the loading and unloading operation lines;

[0088] In this embodiment, the number of multi-purpose rail cars is specifically determined according to formula a2;

[0089]

[0090] Wherein, m is the number of multi-purpose rail cars corresponding to each loading and unloading operation line; p g is the operation efficiency of each multi-purpose rail car; N is the number of multi-purpose rail cars at each berth; L1 is the length of the multi-purpose rail car along the shore-parallel direction; L2 is the clearance dimension between the multi-purpose rail cars within each loading and unloading operation line; r q2 is the reasonable working range of the water-side multi-purpose crane along the shore-parallel direction on the ramp side; the remaining parameters are the same as those in formula a1;

[0091] In this embodiment, the number of multi-purpose rail cars at this berth is 4.

[0092] S30. Construct a wharf layout model according to the number of the multi-purpose rail cars in combination with the ramp information; the ramp information includes ramp topographic and geological information, design high water level and design low water level;

[0093] In this embodiment, the wharf layout model is specifically constructed according to formula a3;

[0094]

[0095] In the formula, B is the width of the ramp of the multi-purpose wharf; L3 is the clearance dimension between the groups of multi-purpose rail cars corresponding to each loading and unloading operation line; L4 is the total clearance dimension on the upstream and downstream sides of the ramp; L r is the layout spacing of the water-side multi-purpose crane; ΔH is the water level drop of the wharf design, h1 is the design high water level of the wharf, h2 is the design low water level of the wharf; L x is the calculated length of the ramp, i is the slope of the ramp, L h is the clearance length at the head and tail of the ramp; L′ x is the actual length of the ramp, and the remaining parameters are the same as those in formula a1 and formula a2.

[0096] S40. Solve the layout model to generate the layout dimensions and solutions of the multi-purpose terminal handling system. The steps are as follows:

[0097] S41. Determine the values of the key parameters in the terminal layout model and calculate other layout dimensions based on these values;

[0098] In this embodiment, the key parameter is the slope i of the ramp.

[0099] The slope i of the ramp of the multi-purpose terminal is set to 1:2.5. The designed water level drop ΔH of the terminal is 60 m, the theoretical length ΔH / i of the ramp in the horizontal direction is 150 m, the additional length L at the head and tail of the ramp h is 8 m, and the actual length L′ of the ramp x is 169.6 m.

[0100] The length L1 of the multi-purpose railcar along the shore direction is 13 m, the additional dimension L2 between the multi-purpose railcars in each handling operation line is 1 m, the additional dimension L3 between the multi-purpose railcar groups corresponding to each handling operation line is 4 m, the total additional dimension L4 on the upstream and downstream sides of the ramp is 6 m, the layout spacing L of the multi-purpose cranes on the water side r is 31 m, and the total width B of the ramp is 64 m.

[0101] S42. Arrange the multi-purpose terminal solution according to the layout dimensions.

[0102] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An operation method of a multi-purpose terminal loading and unloading system for ultra-large water level differences, characterized in that: The multi-purpose terminal loading and unloading system for ultra-large water level difference includes: a water-side loading and unloading system, a ramp transportation system, and a land-side loading and unloading system; the water-side loading and unloading system is located at the lower end of the ramp (7), and includes a water-side multi-purpose crane (3) installed on the floating dock (2), and a pedestrian steel access bridge (4) connecting the water-side multi-purpose crane (3) and the ramp (7); the ramp transportation system includes tracks laid on the ramp (7), multi-purpose rail cars (6) running on the tracks for receiving goods, and a longitudinal traction device arranged in the upper end area of the ramp (7) for towing the multi-purpose rail cars (6); the land-side loading and unloading system is arranged at the upper end of the ramp (7), and includes a land-side multi-purpose crane and a terminal land area (10) for loading and unloading goods. This operation method includes: When at the lowest water level, the water-side loading and unloading system is located at the lowermost end of the ramp (7); the multi-purpose rail cars (6) arranged side by side in the ramp transportation system respectively travel back and forth between the lowermost end and the uppermost end of the ramp (7); when the water-side multi-purpose crane (3) on the floating dock (2) performs loading and unloading operations on the multi-purpose rail car (6) located at the lowermost end of the ramp (7), the land-side multi-purpose crane performs loading and unloading on the multi-purpose rail car (6) located at the uppermost end of the ramp (7). When the water level gradually rises, the floating dock (2) gradually moves towards the terminal land area (10), and the round-trip travel of the multi-purpose rail cars (6) on the ramp (7) gradually shortens; when the water level rises to the highest water level, at this time the travel of the multi-purpose rail cars (6) is the shortest and can be zero; the process of the water level dropping is the opposite. When loading and unloading containers at the multi-purpose terminal, replace the spreaders of the water-side multi-purpose crane (3) and the land-side multi-purpose crane with container spreaders; the water-side multi-purpose crane (3) directly hoists the containers on the cargo ship (1) onto the multi-purpose rail car (6) and places them flat, and then the rail car moves to the uppermost end of the ramp (7), and the land-side multi-purpose crane hoists the container onto the container truck; the container loading process onto the ship is the opposite. When loading and unloading general cargo at the multi-purpose terminal, replace the spreaders of the water-side multi-purpose crane (3) and the land-side multi-purpose crane with hooks; the water-side multi-purpose crane (3) and the land-side multi-purpose crane directly perform hoisting operations on the goods among the cargo ship (1), the multi-purpose rail car (6), and the general cargo transport vehicle. When loading and unloading dry bulk cargo at the multi-purpose terminal, load the dry bulk cargo into multiple bulk cargo transfer bins, and the water-side multi-purpose crane (3) and the land-side multi-purpose crane perform hoisting operations on the bulk cargo transfer bins among the cargo ship (1), the multi-purpose rail car (6), and the bulk cargo transfer bin transport vehicle through hooks. When discharging bulk cargo from a ship, the spreader of the water-side multi-purpose crane (3) is replaced with a grab bucket, and the spreader of the land-side multi-purpose crane is replaced with a hook; the water-side multi-purpose crane (3) grabs the cargo in the ship's hold with the grab bucket and places it into the bulk cargo transfer bin on the multi-purpose rail car (6) located at the very end of the ramp (7); when the multi-purpose rail car (6) moves to the very top of the ramp (7) through the longitudinal traction device, the land-side multi-purpose crane uses the hook to lift the bulk cargo transfer bin to the designated position on the quay land area (10); then, the valve of the bulk cargo transfer bin is opened, allowing the bulk cargo to be discharged into the receiving hopper of the belt conveyor transportation system or into a dump truck; after the bulk cargo is discharged, the empty bulk cargo transfer bin is lifted back onto the multi-purpose rail car (6), and then the next operation process begins; alternatively, the land-side multi-purpose crane directly lifts the bulk cargo transfer bin onto a transport vehicle, transports it to the designated location for unloading, and then returns the emptied bulk cargo transfer bin to the land-side multi-purpose crane, which hoists it onto the multi-purpose rail car (6) on the ramp (7). When loading bulk cargo onto a ship, the spreader of the water-side multi-purpose crane (3) is replaced with a hook, and the spreader of the land-side multi-purpose crane is replaced with a grab bucket or a hook; the bulk cargo is first loaded into the bulk cargo transfer bin, and the ways of the bulk cargo entering the bin include: entering the bulk cargo transfer bin through a mobile belt conveyor, or being loaded into the bulk cargo transfer bin by a loader in the yard, etc., or being directly grabbed into the bulk cargo transfer bin by the grab bucket of the land-side crane; the locations where the bulk cargo enters the bulk cargo transfer bin include: being loaded into the bin at the dry bulk cargo yard and then transported to the loading and unloading position of the land-side multi-purpose crane by a transport vehicle; or being transported to the funnel near the land-side multi-purpose crane by a belt conveyor and loaded into the bulk cargo transfer bin; or being transported by a belt conveyor to be temporarily stored within the working range of the land-side multi-purpose crane and then entering the bin through the grab bucket of the land-side multi-purpose crane. When the bulk cargo transfer bin filled with materials is within the lifting range of the land-side multi-purpose crane, the land-side multi-purpose crane uses the hook to lift the bulk cargo transfer bin onto the multi-purpose rail car (6) at the very top of the ramp (7), or the land-side multi-purpose crane equipped with a grab bucket directly grabs the bulk cargo on the nearby temporary storage yard into the empty bulk cargo transfer bin on the multi-purpose rail car (6); the multi-purpose rail car (6) transports it to the very bottom of the ramp (7); the water-side multi-purpose crane (3) uses the hook to lift the bulk cargo transfer bin to a suitable position above the ship's hold, and then opens the valve of the bulk cargo transfer bin, allowing the materials to leak into the ship's hold through the bottom of the bulk cargo transfer bin; after discharging the bulk cargo, the valve of the bulk cargo transfer bin is closed, and the empty bulk cargo transfer bin is placed back onto the rail car, which then moves it to the very top of the ramp (7); thus, one operation cycle is completed.

2. The operation method of the multi-purpose terminal handling system for ultra-large water level differences according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steel pedestrian bridge (4) is connected between the floating dock (2) and the pedestrian steps (5) at the lower end of the ramp (7); the pedestrian steps (5) are arranged in the middle or on the side of the track.

3. The operation method of the multi-purpose terminal handling system for ultra-large water level differences according to claim 1, characterized in that: The longitudinal traction device includes a winch unit and the traction steel wire rope (9) connected thereto, and the traction steel wire rope (9) is connected to the multi-purpose rail car (6).

4. The operation method of the multi-purpose terminal handling system for ultra-large water level differences according to claim 3, characterized in that: The winch unit is arranged on the side of the ramp (7), and its elevation is the same as that of the quay land area (10); or it is arranged directly in front of the ramp (7), and its elevation is staggered vertically from that of the quay land area (10).

5. The operation method of the multi-purpose terminal handling system for ultra-large water level differences according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper part of the multi-purpose rail vehicle (6) is a horizontal cargo placement area. The lower part is parallel to the ramp (7) and runs on the track with steel wheels. The front end is connected to the traction steel wire rope (9) of the longitudinal traction device through a pulley or a traction bitt.

6. The operation method of the multi-purpose terminal handling system for ultra-large water level differences according to claim 5, characterized in that: The multi-purpose rail vehicles (6) are arranged side by side, and at least two multi-purpose rail vehicles (6) are configured for each waterside multi-purpose crane (3).

7. The operation method of the multi-purpose terminal handling system for ultra-large water level differences according to claim 5, characterized in that: A bulk cargo transfer bin is placed on the cargo placement area of the multi-purpose rail vehicle (6). Lifting lugs for hoisting are arranged on the upper part of the bulk cargo transfer bin, and a valve is provided on the bottom baffle of the bulk cargo transfer bin at the bottom.

8. The operation method of the multi-purpose terminal handling system for ultra-large water level differences according to claim 1, characterized in that: The landside multi-purpose crane is one of a fixed crane (11), a gantry crane (12), and a portal crane.

9. A layout method for a multi-purpose terminal handling system for extremely large water level differences, which applies the operation method of the multi-purpose terminal handling system for extremely large water level differences as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The layout method includes the following steps: Step S10: Obtain the basic information of the quay layout and determine the number of handling operation lines for each berth; the basic information includes the design throughput, the berthing ship type, and the annual operation days; Step S20: Determine the number of multi-purpose rail vehicles (6) for each berth according to the number of the handling operation lines; Step S30: Construct a quay layout model according to the number of the multi-purpose rail vehicles (6) in combination with the ramp (7) information; the ramp (7) information includes the topographic and geological information of the ramp (7), the design high water level, and the design low water level; Step S40: Solve the layout model to generate the layout dimensions and plan of the multi-purpose quay handling system.

10. The arrangement method according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step S10, the determination of the number of handling operation lines for each berth includes: Step S11: Calculate the number of handling operation lines according to the handling efficiency matching principle; That is, according to the design throughput and the annual operation days of each berth, measure the ship-hour efficiency of the berth; according to the ship-hour efficiency of the berth and the efficiency of each handling operation line, calculate the number of handling operation lines; Step S12: Recheck the number of handling operation lines according to the reasonable layout space principle; That is, according to the loading dimensions of the design ship type in the ship length direction and the reasonable working range of the waterside multi-purpose crane (3) in the ship length direction, measure the number of handling operation lines that can be arranged within the berth length; Step S13: Determine the final number of operation lines through the trial method according to the recheck result.

11. The arrangement method according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step S20, the determination of the number of multi-purpose rail vehicles (6) for each berth according to the number of handling operation lines includes: Step S21: Determine the number of multi-purpose rail vehicles (6) corresponding to each handling operation line according to the handling efficiency of each handling operation line and the operation efficiency of each multi-purpose rail vehicle (6); Step S22: Calculate the number of multi-purpose rail vehicles (6) for each berth according to the number of handling operation lines for each berth; Step S23: Recheck the number of multi-purpose rail vehicles (6) for each berth through the trial method according to the principle of reasonable layout space; That is, according to the reasonable working range of the multi-purpose crane on the water side (3) and the layout spacing of multiple multi-purpose cranes on the water side (3), check whether the layout space of the multi-purpose rail vehicle (6) meets the requirements; when the requirements are not met, modify the layout spacing or working range of the multi-purpose crane, and determine the final number of multi-purpose rail vehicles (6) through multiple trials.

12. The arrangement method according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step S30, constructing the wharf layout model in combination with the ramp (7) information includes: Step S31, constructing the ramp (7) layout model from the dimensions of length and slope; Step S32, constructing the ramp (7) layout model from the width dimension.

13. The layout method of the multi-purpose terminal handling system according to claim 9, characterized in that, Step S40 includes: Step S41, determining the values of key parameters in the wharf layout model and calculating other layout dimensions based on this; Step S42, arranging the multi-purpose wharf plan according to the layout dimensions.

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