A biochar-based composting accelerator, preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present application provides a biochar-based decomposition promoter, its preparation method and application. In parts by weight, the biochar-based decomposition promoter includes: 30-50 parts of biochar, 10-30 parts of organic acid potassium, 5-15 parts of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, 4-20 parts of amino acids and 0.5-3 parts of spreading agents. Biochar is used as a matrix to create a microenvironment suitable for the initial attachment and reproduction of decomposing microorganisms, and the organic-inorganic nutrients provided by organic acid potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and amino acids are adsorbed by biochar to improve the degradation activity of microorganisms. Amino acids can be directly used by microorganisms to participate in the metabolic process, and their promoting effect on microbial diversity, quantity and functional enzyme secretion is better than that of inorganic nitrogen sources; the role of the spreading agent is to infiltrate the pores of biochar, which helps the spreading and adhesion of nutrients. The biochar-based decomposition promoter has an enhanced fertilizer retention effect, can effectively optimize the nutrient value of straw and livestock and poultry manure, and is conducive to the efficient utilization of organic resources such as straw and livestock and poultry manure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of biofertilizer, and specifically to a biochar-based composting accelerator, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Crop straw is the main by-product of agricultural production, rich in nutrients such as organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and medium and trace elements. Based on the principle of material circulation and nutrient balance in the ecosystem, the nutrients of straw come from the soil and should eventually return to the soil. Fertilizer utilization, which uses straw as organic fertilizer after mechanical processing or biological digestion and applies it to farmland, is not only the main direction of straw resource utilization, but also an important measure to ensure the green development of agricultural production.

[0003] Straw is mainly composed of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, and its nutrients need to be released through microbial decomposition and humification. Since straw has a high C / N (carbon-nitrogen ratio), a complex and strong structure, a waxy layer on the surface, and strong resistance to decomposition, inoculating composting agents for composting can increase the number of effective microorganisms, accelerate straw decomposition and concentrate its nutrients, and kill the pests and diseases carried by the straw itself, which is an effective means of scientifically utilizing straw nutrients.

[0004] The composting agent is generally composed of different functional microorganisms, with different sources and adaptability. It takes a period of time to adapt and activate in the straw pile before its function can be activated. In the initial stage, nutrients must be added to reduce the excessively high carbon-nitrogen ratio of the raw materials and promote the activation and proliferation of microorganisms. Due to the influence of carbon source, nitrogen source and colonization microenvironment in the initial stage, it is often difficult for functional bacteria to effectively activate and proliferate in a short period of time. Moreover, with the continuous reduction of moisture in the pile and the antagonistic competition of indigenous microorganisms, the decomposition effect is greatly reduced. In the current straw composting process, inorganic fertilizers or mixed livestock and poultry manure are generally added as a means to activate the decomposition functional microorganisms. Inorganic fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, calcium nitrate or urea are very easy to volatilize or leached with water in the high temperature and high humidity environment of the pile. The source and nutrient content of livestock and poultry manure are not easy to grasp, resulting in the inability to stabilize and effectively exert the activity of decomposing microorganisms. With the advancement of composting maturity, the nutrients produced by organic materials under microbial decomposition are lost in large quantities through ammonia volatilization, carbon dioxide, nitrate leaching and runoff, and also have a negative effect on the ambient air quality.

[0005] At present, the relevant technical field pays more attention to the activated nutrient formula of microbial agents and inorganic nitrogen retainers, and innovative research from the perspective of constructing a microenvironment suitable for microbial growth is still rare. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present application provides a biochar-based composting promoter, a preparation method and application thereof, in order to solve the problem that the composting agent cannot effectively exert its effect.

[0007] The first aspect of the present application provides a biochar-based composting promoter, which comprises, by weight, 30-50 parts of biochar, 10-30 parts of organic acid potassium, 5-15 parts of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, 4-20 parts of amino acids and 0.5-3 parts of spreading agents.

[0008] Furthermore, the above-mentioned biochar is selected from any one or more of waste flue-cured tobacco straw and carbonized fruit tree branches, and the particle size of the biochar is preferably 10-30 mesh.

[0009] Furthermore, the organic acid potassium is selected from any one or more of potassium humate, potassium fulvic acid, potassium citrate, potassium gluconate and potassium malate.

[0010] Furthermore, the nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer, preferably the nitrogen-phosphorus molar ratio in the nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer is 2:1, and further preferably the nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer is diammonium hydrogen phosphate.

[0011] Furthermore, the above-mentioned amino acids include any one or more combinations of threonine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine, and preferably the amino acids include threonine, serine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid in a mass ratio of 0.5-1.5:0.5-1.5:0.5-1.5:0.5-1.5.

[0012] Furthermore, in parts by weight, the above-mentioned biochar-based composting promoter includes: 30-50 parts of biochar, 10-15 parts of organic acid potassium, 5-8 parts of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, 4-12 parts of amino acids and 0.5-2 parts of spreading agents.

[0013] Furthermore, the above-mentioned biochar-based composting promoter also includes a water-absorbing resin, and preferably the weight portion of the water-absorbing resin is 1-8 parts, and more preferably the weight portion of the water-absorbing resin is 2-5 parts.

[0014] The second aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing any of the above-mentioned biochar-based composting promoters, the preparation method comprising: step S1, mixing biochar, an organic acid potassium aqueous solution, a nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer aqueous solution, an amino acid aqueous solution and a spreading agent to form a wet mixture; step S2, drying the wet mixture and mixing it with an optional water-absorbing resin to obtain a biochar-based composting promoter.

[0015] Furthermore, the above step S1 comprises: mixing the biochar with the organic acid potassium aqueous solution, standing, and drying to form a first mixture, preferably standing for 12 to 36 hours, and more preferably standing at a temperature of 8 to 15° C.; mixing the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer aqueous solution, the amino acid aqueous solution, and the spreading agent to obtain a second mixture;

[0016] The first mixture and the second mixture are combined to form a wet mix.

[0017] The third aspect of the present application provides a microbial decomposition composition, comprising a microbial decomposition agent and a decomposition promoter, wherein the decomposition promoter is any one of the above-mentioned biochar-based decomposition promoters, and preferably the weight ratio of the microbial decomposition agent to the decomposition promoter is 1: (20-40).

[0018] The fourth aspect of the present application provides a composting, comprising treating a compost raw material with a decomposition promoter, wherein the decomposition promoter is any one of the above-mentioned biochar-based decomposition promoters; preferably, the compost raw material is livestock and poultry manure, and the weight ratio of livestock and poultry manure to the decomposition promoter is 100:(3-10).

[0019] The fifth aspect of the present application provides a composting method, comprising treating a compost raw material with a microbial decomposition composition, wherein the microbial decomposition composition is any one of the microbial decomposition compositions described above; preferably, the compost raw material is straw, and the weight ratio of the straw to the biochar-based decomposition promoter in the microbial decomposition composition is 1000:(25-35).

[0020] The third aspect of the present application provides a soil improvement method, comprising returning straw to the field. The soil improvement method uses any of the above-mentioned biochar-based composting promoters when returning straw to the field. Preferably, the amount of the biochar-based composting promoter per hectare of land is 400kg-500kg.

[0021] Using biochar as a matrix, a microenvironment suitable for the initial attachment and reproduction of decomposing microorganisms is created. The biochar adsorbs organic-inorganic nutrients provided by organic acid potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, and amino acids to improve the degradation activity of microorganisms. Amino acids are organic carbon and nitrogen sources for microbial proliferation, which can be directly used by microorganisms to participate in metabolic processes. They are better than inorganic nitrogen sources in promoting microbial diversity, quantity, and functional enzyme secretion. Spreading agents are surfactants, which function to infiltrate the pores of biochar and help the spread and adhesion of nutrients. Therefore, the biochar-based decomposition promoter provided in this application has an enhanced fertilizer retention effect, can effectively optimize the nutritional value of straw and livestock and poultry manure, and plays an important role in the efficient utilization of organic resources such as straw and livestock and poultry manure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the drawings without paying creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 The graphs showing the temperature and moisture content changes of the piles of Experimental Example 1, Control Experimental Example 1 and Control Experimental Example 2 from the 5th to the 30th day are shown.

[0024] Figure 2 The comparison of organic matter degradation rate and total nitrogen content of the piles of Experimental Example 1, Control Experimental Example 1 and Control Experimental Example 2 after 30 days is shown.

[0025] Figure 3 The temperature and moisture content change diagrams of the piles of Experimental Example 2, Control Experimental Example 3 and Control Experimental Example 4 from the 5th to the 30th day are shown.

[0026] Figure 4 The comparison of organic matter degradation rate and total nitrogen content of the piles of Experimental Example 2, Control Experimental Example 3 and Control Experimental Example 4 after 30 days is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following detailed description and drawings of the embodiments of the present application are used to illustrate the principles of the present application, but cannot be used to limit the scope of the present application, that is, the present application is not limited to the described embodiments.

[0028] As analyzed in the background technology of this application, the microbial activation and proliferation ability of the composting agent is insufficient, resulting in insufficient composting ability for straw, livestock and poultry manure, etc. In order to solve this problem, this application provides a biochar-based composting promoter, its preparation method and application.

[0029] In a first typical embodiment of the present application, a biochar-based composting promoter is provided. The biochar-based composting promoter comprises, by weight, 30-50 parts of biochar, 10-30 parts of organic acid potassium, 5-15 parts of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, 4-20 parts of amino acids and 0.5-3 parts of spreading agents.

[0030] Biochar refers to a kind of insoluble, highly aromatic, and structurally stable solid material formed by anaerobic pyrolysis of organic matter. It has an open, honeycomb porous structure, a huge specific surface area, and strong adsorption performance. These natural physical and chemical properties enable biochar to retain water and ventilate. Using biochar as a matrix to create a microenvironment suitable for the initial attachment and reproduction of mature microorganisms, the biochar adsorbs organic-inorganic nutrients provided by organic acid potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, and amino acids to improve the degradation activity of microorganisms. Amino acids are organic carbon and nitrogen sources for microbial proliferation, which can be directly used by microorganisms to participate in the metabolic process, and their promoting effect on microbial diversity, quantity, and functional enzyme secretion is better than inorganic nitrogen sources; the spreading agent is a surfactant, which acts to infiltrate the pores of biochar and help the spreading and adhesion of nutrients. Therefore, the biochar-based composting promoter provided in this application has an enhanced fertilizer retention effect, can effectively optimize the nutrient value of straw and livestock and poultry manure, and plays an important role in the efficient utilization of organic resources such as straw and livestock and poultry manure.

[0031] The spreading agent used in the present application may be an organic silicon spreading agent commonly used in the art.

[0032] In some embodiments, in order to reduce costs, the biochar is selected from any one or more of waste flue-cured tobacco straw and carbonized fruit tree branches. In addition, the particle size of the biochar is preferably 10-30 meshes to improve the uniformity of the biochar particles, promote other components to enter the porous structure of the biochar, and thus improve the uniformity of the mixing of the biochar with other components.

[0033] Organic acids are used to provide potash fertilizers and are easily utilized by microorganisms. In some embodiments, the above-mentioned organic acid potassium is selected from any one or more of potassium humate, potassium fulvic acid, potassium citrate, potassium gluconate and potassium malate. The above-mentioned organic acid potassiums have a wide range of sources and distributions in nature, are important components of organic fertilizers and soil humus, can enhance the storage capacity of nutrient ions, have an adsorption and fixation effect on fertilizer nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ions, and improve the effectiveness and slow-release performance of fertilizers. Preferably, the above-mentioned organic acid potassium is potassium humate, which can provide carbon sources, nitrogen sources and potassium sources for microorganisms, and has a promoting effect on the number, type and diversity of microorganisms.

[0034] The nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer used in the present application may be a nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizer or a combination of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer, and may be an organic fertilizer or an inorganic fertilizer. In some embodiments, the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer is a nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizer, preferably the nitrogen and phosphorus molar ratio in the nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizer is 2:1, and further preferably the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer is diammonium hydrogen phosphate. The use of diammonium hydrogen phosphate avoids the use of biuret nitrogen fertilizers and the cumbersome operation of re-compounding monomer fertilizers, and the nitrogen function can be quickly exerted.

[0035] The amino acids used in the present application may include various α-amino acids and β-amino acids suitable for addition to food, feed and fertilizer. In some embodiments, the above amino acids include any one or more combinations of threonine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine. Preferably, the amino acids include threonine, serine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid in a mass ratio of 0.5-1.5:0.5-1.5:0.5-1.5:0.5-1.5 to reduce costs.

[0036] In some embodiments, the biochar-based composting promoter preferably includes, by weight, 30-50 parts of biochar, 10-15 parts of organic acid potassium, 5-8 parts of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, 4-12 parts of amino acids, and 0.5-2 parts of spreading agents. Further, by optimizing the content of each component, the synergistic effect of each component is improved, and the microbial activation ability of the composting agent is better improved.

[0037] In order to further reduce the water loss during the decomposition process, in some embodiments, the biochar-based decomposition promoter also includes a water-absorbing resin, preferably 1-8 parts by weight of the water-absorbing resin, and more preferably 2-5 parts by weight of the water-absorbing resin. The addition of water-absorbing resin can be specifically used for the direct soil application of straw to the field in winter and spring. At this stage, most areas are dry and rainy, and the drought in the field soil, especially in mountainous areas, is more serious. The conditions for sufficient irrigation over a large area in production are limited. The water-absorbing resin can be used to retain water and slow down the water loss during the decomposition process of microorganisms.

[0038] In a second typical embodiment of the present application, a method for preparing any of the above-mentioned biochar-based decomposition promoters is provided, the method comprising: step S1, mixing biochar, organic acid potassium aqueous solution, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer aqueous solution, amino acid aqueous solution and a spreading agent to form a wet mixture; step S2, drying the wet mixture and mixing it with an optional water-absorbing resin to obtain the biochar-based decomposition promoter. The above-mentioned preparation method is simple and easy to operate.

[0039] In order to further improve the mixing uniformity of the components in the composting promoter, in some embodiments, the above step S1 includes: mixing the biochar with the organic acid potassium aqueous solution, standing, and drying to form a first mixture, preferably standing for 12 to 36 hours, and more preferably standing at a temperature of 8-15°C; mixing the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer aqueous solution, the amino acid aqueous solution and the spreading agent to obtain a second mixture; mixing the first mixture and the second mixture to form a wet mixture. Mixing the organic acid potassium with the biochar in the form of an aqueous solution is conducive to the diffusion of the organic acid potassium in the porous structure of the biochar, and leaving the two for a period of time after mixing is conducive to the adhesion of the organic acid potassium to the inner wall of the biochar, and by controlling the standing temperature at 8-15°C, the volatilization loss of active substances in the organic acid potassium can be more effectively suppressed.

[0040] In a third typical embodiment of the present application, a microbial composting composition is provided, including a microbial composting agent and a composting promoter, wherein the composting promoter is any of the above-mentioned biochar-based composting promoters. The biochar-based composting promoter of the present application is conducive to creating a microenvironment for the initial attachment and reproduction of microorganisms in the microbial composting agent and stable and long-lasting organic-inorganic nutrients, thereby providing a stronger composting ability for straw and livestock and poultry manure, thereby improving the role of nutrients in straw and livestock and poultry manure.

[0041] The above-mentioned microbial decomposition agent can be a conventional microbial decomposition agent, and this application has no special requirements for this. After testing, it is preferred that the weight ratio of the microbial decomposition agent to the decomposition promoter is 1: (20-40), so as to give full play to the effect of the decomposition promoter on the promotion of microbial attachment and reproduction in the microbial decomposition agent, and avoid excessive use of the decomposition agent to cause waste of resources.

[0042] In a fourth typical embodiment of the present application, a composting is provided, including treating a composting raw material with a decomposition promoter, wherein the decomposition promoter is any of the above-mentioned biochar-based decomposition promoters. Preferably, the composting raw material is livestock and poultry manure, and the weight ratio of livestock and poultry manure to the decomposition promoter is 100:(3-10). Since livestock and poultry manure contains abundant microorganisms, the biochar-based decomposition promoter can be directly used to promote the attachment and reproduction of microorganisms in livestock and poultry manure, thereby improving the decomposition effect and nutrient storage capacity of microorganisms on livestock and poultry manure.

[0043] In the fifth typical embodiment of the present application, a composting is provided, including treating the composting raw material with a microbial decomposition composition, and the microbial decomposition composition is the above-mentioned microbial decomposition composition. Preferably, the composting raw material is straw, and the weight ratio of the straw to the biochar-based decomposition promoter in the microbial decomposition composition is 1000: (25-35). The composting raw material is treated with a microbial decomposition composition containing both a microbial decomposition agent and a decomposition promoter of the present application, providing necessary microorganisms for composting and optimizing the microenvironment for microbial reproduction, thereby improving the composting efficiency and effect.

[0044] In a sixth typical embodiment of the present application, a soil improvement method is provided, including returning straw to the field, and the soil improvement method uses any of the above-mentioned biochar-based composting promoters when returning the straw to the field. In returning the straw to the field, the biochar-based composting promoter of the present application is used to promote the composting of the straw, wherein the original microorganisms in the soil rapidly multiply with the assistance of the biochar-based composting promoter, thereby achieving rapid composting of the returned straw and improving the utilization rate and efficiency of nutrients in the straw return to the field.

[0045] In some embodiments, after returning the straw to the field, the decomposition promoter is spread on the surface of the straw and then rotary tilled and pressed. In order to further improve the utilization rate of the biochar-based decomposition promoter, preferably, the amount of the biochar-based decomposition promoter per hectare of land is 400kg-500kg.

[0046] The technical solution and specific implementation effects of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with embodiments. It should be noted that the specific implementation methods described herein are only for illustrating and explaining the present invention, and are not limited to the present invention.

[0047] The sources of some raw materials used in the examples are described as follows:

[0048]

[0049]

[0050] Example 1

[0051] The biochar-based straw composting promoter of Example 1 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of biochar, 15 parts of potassium humate, 8 parts of diammonium phosphate, 12 parts of amino acids, 0.5 parts of silicone spreader, and 5 parts of water-absorbing resin; wherein the amino acids in parts by weight include 3 parts of threonine, 3 parts of serine, 3 parts of aspartic acid, and 3 parts of glutamic acid.

[0052] The biochar-based decomposition promoter of this embodiment is prepared by the following steps:

[0053] Step 1: Dry the biochar at 105°C for 4 h, crush it and sieve it to a particle size of 30 mesh;

[0054] Step 2: Mix potassium humate with 70 parts of water and stir at room temperature for 5 minutes to dissolve to obtain a potassium humate aqueous solution;

[0055] Step 3: The biochar and the potassium humate aqueous solution were mixed and stirred for 20 minutes, allowed to stand at 10° C. for 24 hours, and dried to obtain a mixture 1;

[0056] Step 4: dissolving diammonium hydrogen phosphate and amino acid in 50 parts of water and mixing with a spreading agent to obtain a mixture 2;

[0057] Step 5: Mix the mixture 1 and the mixture 2 thoroughly, and dry at room temperature to obtain a mixture 3;

[0058] Step 6: Mix the mixture 3 and the water-absorbing resin to obtain the ripening promoter of Example 1.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] The biochar-based composting promoter of Example 2 comprises the following raw materials by weight: 50 parts of biochar, 10 parts of potassium humate, 5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 4 parts of amino acids, 1.5 parts of spreading agents, and 2 parts of water-absorbing resins; wherein the amino acids comprise 1 part of threonine, 1 part of serine, 1 part of aspartic acid, and 1 part of glutamic acid by weight;

[0061] The biochar-based decomposition promoter of this embodiment is prepared by the following steps:

[0062] Step 1: Dry the biochar at 105°C for 4 hours, crush it and sieve it to a particle size of 10 mesh;

[0063] Step 2: Mix potassium humate with 120 parts of water and stir at room temperature for 5 minutes to dissolve to obtain a potassium humate aqueous solution;

[0064] Step 3: The biochar and the potassium humate aqueous solution were mixed and stirred for 20 minutes, allowed to stand at 10° C. for 36 hours, and dried to obtain a mixture 1;

[0065] Step 4: dissolving diammonium hydrogen phosphate and amino acid in 80 parts of water and mixing with a spreading agent to obtain a mixture 2;

[0066] Step 5: Mix the mixture 1 and the mixture 2 thoroughly, and dry at room temperature to obtain a mixture 3;

[0067] Step 6: Mix the mixture 3 and the water-absorbing resin to obtain the ripening promoter of Example 2.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] The biochar-based composting promoter of Example 3 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of biochar, 30 parts of potassium humate, 8 parts of diammonium phosphate, 12 parts of amino acids, 0.5 parts of silicone spreader, and 5 parts of water-absorbing resin; wherein the amino acids in parts by weight include 3 parts of threonine, 3 parts of serine, 3 parts of aspartic acid, and 3 parts of glutamic acid.

[0070] The preparation method is the same as Example 2.

[0071] Example 4

[0072] The biochar-based composting promoter of Example 4 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of biochar, 15 parts of potassium humate, 15 parts of diammonium phosphate, 12 parts of amino acids, 0.5 parts of silicone spreader, and 5 parts of water-absorbing resin; wherein the amino acids in parts by weight include 3 parts of threonine, 3 parts of serine, 3 parts of aspartic acid, and 3 parts of glutamic acid.

[0073] The preparation method is the same as Example 1.

[0074] Example 5

[0075] The biochar-based composting promoter of Example 5 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of biochar, 15 parts of potassium humate, 8 parts of diammonium phosphate, 20 parts of amino acids, 0.5 parts of silicone spreader, and 5 parts of water-absorbing resin; wherein the amino acids in parts by weight include 5 parts of threonine, 5 parts of serine, 5 parts of aspartic acid, and 5 parts of glutamic acid.

[0076] The preparation method is the same as Example 1.

[0077] Example 6

[0078] The biochar-based composting promoter of Example 6 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of biochar, 15 parts of potassium humate, 8 parts of diammonium phosphate, 12 parts of amino acids, 3 parts of silicone spreaders, and 5 parts of water-absorbing resin; wherein the amino acids in parts by weight include 3 parts of threonine, 3 parts of serine, 3 parts of aspartic acid, and 3 parts of glutamic acid.

[0079] The preparation method is the same as Example 1.

[0080] Example 7

[0081] The composition of the biochar-based composting promoter of Example 7 is the same as that of Example 1, and the preparation method is as follows:

[0082] The biochar was dried at 105° C. for 4 h, crushed and sieved to a particle size of 30 mesh; the components were stirred and mixed to form the biochar-based composting promoter of Example 7.

[0083] Example 8

[0084] The biochar-based straw composting promoter of Example 8 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of biochar, 15 parts of potassium humate, 8 parts of diammonium phosphate, 12 parts of amino acids, and 0.5 parts of silicone spreader; wherein the amino acids in parts by weight include 3 parts of threonine, 3 parts of serine, 3 parts of aspartic acid, and 3 parts of glutamic acid.

[0085] Comparative Example 1

[0086] The biochar-based straw composting promoter of Comparative Example 1 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of biochar, 15 parts of potassium humate, 8 parts of diammonium phosphate, 12 parts of amino acids, 0.5 parts of silicone spreader, and 5 parts of water-absorbing resin; wherein the amino acids include 3 parts of threonine, 3 parts of serine, 3 parts of aspartic acid, and 3 parts of glutamic acid in parts by weight.

[0087] The preparation method is the same as Example 1.

[0088] Comparative Example 2

[0089] The biochar-based straw composting promoter of Comparative Example 2 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of biochar, 15 parts of potassium humate, 8 parts of diammonium phosphate, 12 parts of amino acids, 0.5 parts of silicone spreader, and 5 parts of water-absorbing resin; wherein the amino acids in parts by weight include 3 parts of threonine, 3 parts of serine, 3 parts of aspartic acid, and 3 parts of glutamic acid.

[0090] The preparation method is the same as Example 2.

[0091] Comparative Example 3

[0092] The biochar-based straw composting promoter of Comparative Example 3 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of biochar, 15 parts of potassium humate, 8 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 12 parts of amino acids, and 5 parts of water-absorbing resin; wherein the amino acids include 3 parts of threonine, 3 parts of serine, 3 parts of aspartic acid, and 3 parts of glutamic acid in parts by weight.

[0093] The biochar-based decomposition promoter of this embodiment is prepared by the following steps:

[0094] Step 1: Dry the biochar at 105°C for 4 h, crush it and sieve it to a particle size of 30 mesh;

[0095] Step 2: Mix potassium humate with 70 parts of water and stir at room temperature for 5 minutes to dissolve to obtain a potassium humate aqueous solution;

[0096] Step 3: The biochar and the potassium humate aqueous solution were mixed and stirred for 20 minutes, allowed to stand at 10° C. for 24 hours, and dried to obtain a mixture 1;

[0097] Step 4: Dissolve diammonium hydrogen phosphate and amino acid in 50 parts of water to obtain mixture 2;

[0098] Step 5: Mix the mixture 1 and the mixture 2 thoroughly, and dry at room temperature to obtain a mixture 3;

[0099] Step 6: Mix the mixture 3 and the water-absorbing resin to obtain the ripening promoter of Example 1.

[0100] The following experiments are used to verify the application effect of the present invention:

[0101] The experiments mainly investigated 1. the effect of using the decomposition promoter of the present invention in combination with commercially available decomposition bacteria on in-situ composting of pure corn stalks for organic fertilizer; 2. the effect of using the decomposition promoter of the present invention on composting livestock and poultry manure; 3. the effect of using the decomposition promoter of the present invention on the rhizosphere soil environment and growth of flue-cured tobacco under the condition of direct return of corn stalks to the field.

[0102] The tested composting agent was a commercially available compost fermentation bacteria soluble powder (Guangzhou Weiyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with a nominal effective viable count of ≥ 2 × 10 10 Cfu / g). The test straw was corn straw collected in October 2020, which was air-dried and crushed into small segments less than 3 cm. The basic chemical composition was 48.63% total carbon, 0.82% total nitrogen, 0.05% total phosphorus, 2.31% total potassium, and 3.61% moisture content. The test livestock and poultry manure raw material was a mixture of fresh cow dung and corn straw collected in March 2021 (weight ratio of about 4:1). The basic chemical composition of fresh cow dung was 53.48% organic matter, 1.94% total nitrogen, 0.66% total phosphorus, 2.66% total potassium, and 57.51% moisture content. The test field soil was a typical mountain purple soil, with 23.88g / kg organic matter, 1.5g / kg total nitrogen, 0.46g / kg total phosphorus, and 11.62g / kg total potassium. The test crop was flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. variety is Yunyan 87).

[0103] Experimental Example 1

[0104] A flat ground was selected in the field and 100 kg of straw material was piled in three layers, and a decomposition promoter + a decomposition agent was applied. The specific operation method was as follows: 3 kg of the biochar-based decomposition promoter prepared in Example 1 was fully mixed with 0.1 kg of the decomposition agent, 1 / 3 of the crushed straw was laid on the first layer, 1 / 3 of the mixture of the promoter and the decomposition agent was evenly applied, and 45 L of water was sprayed on the second layer, 1 / 3 of the crushed straw was laid, 1 / 3 of the mixture of the promoter and the decomposition agent was evenly applied, and 45 L of water was sprayed on the second layer, the remaining straw was laid on the third layer, the remaining promoter and the decomposition agent were evenly applied, and 60 L of water was sprayed on the third layer for compaction, and after covering with plastic film, a row of air holes with a diameter of about 1 cm was made every 5 cm at the waistline of the pile.

[0105] Experimental Example 2

[0106] A flat ground was selected in the field and 100 kg of cow dung material was mixed with a composting promoter. The specific operation method was as follows: the cow dung material was shaken and evenly mixed with 5 kg of the biochar-based composting promoter prepared in Example 2. After spraying 90 L of water, a pile was built and compacted. After covering with a plastic film, a row of air holes with a diameter of about 1 cm was made every 5 cm at the waistline of the pile.

[0107] Experimental Examples 3 to 8

[0108] The pile laying method and the amount of water added are the same as those in Experimental Example 1, and the decomposition promoters of Examples 3 to 8 are used to replace the decomposition promoter of Example 1.

[0109] Experimental Example 9

[0110] Before pre-soil preparation of the experimental plot, the crushed air-dried summer corn stalks (6750kg / hectare) and the composting promoter (450kg / hectare) of Example 1 were evenly spread and then rotary tilled and pressed to form ridges. When applying basal fertilizer during transplanting, the amount of compound fertilizer was deducted by 25% on the basis of conventional cultivation (the conventional cultivation method is to apply chemical fertilizer alone, with a pure nitrogen input of 105kg / hectare and a N:K:P ratio of 1:1:2). The transplanting time for the test flue-cured tobacco is April 2021.

[0111] Control experiment example 1

[0112] The conventional decomposition-promoting substances are specifically 4 kg of wheat bran, 1 kg of urea, 1 kg of corn flour, and 0.2 kg of brown sugar, which are thoroughly mixed with 0.1 kg of decomposition agent. The pile laying method and the amount of water added are the same as those in Experimental Example 1.

[0113] Control experiment example 2

[0114] No composting accelerator or composting agent was applied, and the pile laying method and water addition amount were the same as those in Experimental Example 1.

[0115] Control experiment example 3

[0116] The decomposition-promoting substances and decomposition bacteria of Control Experiment 1 were used, and the pile construction method and water addition amount were the same as those of Experiment 2.

[0117] Control Experiment Example 4

[0118] No composting accelerator or composting agent was applied, and the pile construction method and water addition amount were the same as those in Experimental Example 2.

[0119] Comparative Experimental Examples 5 to 7

[0120] The pile laying method and the amount of water added are the same as those in Experimental Example 1, and the composting promoters of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are used to replace the composting promoter of Example 1.

[0121] Control Experiment Example 8

[0122] The decomposition promoter of Experimental Example 9 was replaced by a mixture of decomposing bacteria (6 kg / ha of commercial decomposing agent, 15 kg / ha of brown sugar, 60 kg / ha of urea, and 60 kg / ha of corn flour). The rest of the operation was the same as that of Experimental Example 9.

[0123] Control Experiment Example 9

[0124] No straw was returned to the experimental plot, and chemical fertilizer was applied according to the conventional cultivation method. The rest of the operation was the same as in Experimental Example 9.

[0125] Experimental Examples 1-8 and Control Experimental Examples 1-7 recorded the temperature and moisture content of the compost every 5 days after the start of the experiment (moisture content, temperature rapid measuring instrument); after 30 days, samples were taken to measure the organic matter degradation rate and total nitrogen content of each treated compost. The temperature and moisture content of the compost on the 5th and 30th day, and the organic matter degradation rate on the 30th day of each experimental example and control experimental example are recorded in Table 1. In addition, the results of Experimental Example 1, Experimental Example 2, Control Experimental Example 1, Control Experimental Example 2, Control Experimental Example 3 and Control Experimental Example 4 are listed in Table 1. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 middle.

[0126] Experimental Example 9, Control Experimental Example 8 and Control Experimental Example 9 measured the moisture content and organic matter content of the rhizosphere soil (10-20 cm deep) 35 days after the flue-cured tobacco was transplanted, and the fresh weight and dry weight of the root, stem and leaf parts of the tobacco plants were measured, respectively, and recorded in Tables 2 and 3.

[0127] Table 1

[0128]

[0129]

[0130] According to the data in Table 1, it can be seen that when the amount of biochar used in the maturity promoter in Control Experiment 5 is too small, the effect on improving the microenvironment for microbial growth is not obvious, resulting in low initial attachment and reproduction efficiency of microorganisms, so that the temperature and moisture content of the pile on the 5th day are not much different from those of Control Experiments 1 and 2; the amount of biochar used in the maturity promoter in Control Experiment 6 is too large, and the content of other nutrients is relatively low, which leads to insufficient nutritional supplementation for microorganisms, and thus the temperature and moisture content of the pile on the 5th day are not much different from those of Control Experiments 1 and 2; the maturity promoter used in Control Experiment 7 does not contain a spreading agent, resulting in insufficient attachment of nutrients in the pores of biochar, and the maturity promotion ability is weakened compared with that of Example 1, so its temperature and moisture content are relatively low; the results of Control Experiments 1 and 7 can also show that mixing potassium humate, diammonium phosphate and amino acids with other components in the form of a solution can optimize the dispersion and attachment of the corresponding components in biochar, thereby improving the maturity effect.

[0131] In addition, combined Figure 1 and Figure 2 It can be seen that the pile temperature recorded on the 5th day of the experiment in Experimental Example 1 is the highest ( Figure 1 a), followed by control experiment 1, which were 71.0℃ and 62.3℃ respectively. The highest temperature of control experiment 2 was 53.0℃ (10th day). The highest temperature of experiment 1 was 8.7℃ and 18.0℃ higher than that of control experiment 1 and control experiment 2 respectively. The recorded value of the pile temperature of experiment 1 on the 10th day was still maintained at about 70℃. The recorded results of the water content of the system were the highest on the 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th and 30th days ( Figure 1 b), the moisture content of the experimental example 1 and the control experimental example 2 increased by 5.7 and 5.0 percentage points on the 30th day of the experiment, respectively. This shows that the ripening promoter can not only increase the temperature of corn straw composting and prolong the high temperature time of the material pile, but also help maintain the moisture of the composting material. The degradation rate of organic matter in the compost of experimental example 1 increased by 1.3 times and 2.6 times compared with that of the control experimental example 1 and the control experimental example 2 ( Figure 2 a), the total nitrogen content increased by 1.58 times and 2.98 times respectively ( Figure 2 b). It is shown that the composting promoter of the present application can effectively enhance the degradation function of commercial composting agents on organic matter in straw, and significantly improve the nutrient value of compost.

[0132] Combination Figure 3 and Figure 4 It can be seen that the highest temperatures of the piles in Experimental Example 2, Control Experimental Example 3 and Control Experimental Example 4 are all on the fifth day of the experiment, which are 71.4℃, 69.6℃ and 64.2℃ respectively. Figure 3a), the maximum temperature of Experimental Example 2 was 1.8℃ and 7.2℃ higher than that of Control Experimental Example 3 and Control Experimental Example 4, respectively, and the recorded values ​​of the pile body temperature on the 10th day were 5.2℃ and 10.63℃ higher, respectively. The recorded results of the water content of the system on the 5th, 15th, 20th and 30th days were the highest ( Figure 3 b), on the 30th day of the experiment, the moisture content of Experimental Example 2 increased by 6.4 and 3.3 percentage points compared with that of Control Experimental Example 3 and Control Experimental Example 4, respectively. This shows that the decomposition promoter can increase the initial temperature of cow dung compost, prolong the high-temperature fermentation time, and is also conducive to maintaining moisture. The degradation rate of organic matter in the compost of Experimental Example 2 increased by 1.06 times and 1.65 times compared with that of Control Experimental Example 3 and Control Experimental Example 4, respectively ( Figure 4 a), and the total nitrogen content increased by 1.67 and 1.91 times respectively ( Figure 4 b). This indicates that the decomposition promoter of the present application has an activation and synergistic effect on the decomposition functional microorganisms of livestock and poultry manure, enhances the degradation of compost organic matter, and further increases its nutrient content. Its effect is even better than that of the control test example 3 using conventional decomposition promoters.

[0133] Table 2 Rhizosphere soil moisture content and organic matter content 35 days after transplanting the experimental flue-cured tobacco

[0134] index Experimental Example 9 Control Experiment Example 8 Control Experiment Example 9 Moisture content / % 18.4 15.5 14.7 <![CDATA[Organic matter / g·kg -1 > 30.2 26.5 18.8

[0135] Combined with Table 2, it can be seen that 35 days after the test flue-cured tobacco was transplanted, the rhizosphere soil moisture content of Experimental Example 9 was increased by 2.8 and 3.7 percentage points respectively compared with Control Experimental Example 8 and Control Experimental Example 9, and the organic matter content was increased by 14.1% and 60.4% respectively. It shows that the application of the ripening promoter of the present invention is conducive to the preservation of rhizosphere moisture and further improves the ability of returning straw to the field to supplement soil organic matter.

[0136] Table 3 Plant biomass of experimental flue-cured tobacco 35 days after transplanting (unit / g)

[0137] index Experimental Example 9 Control Experiment Example 8 Control Experiment Example 9 Root fresh weight 54.8 47.7 51.7 Stem fresh weight 123.6 101.1 125.8 Leaf fresh weight 350.2 310.6 324.4 Total fresh weight of plant 528.6 459.4 501.9 Root dry weight 17.6 13.4 15.9 Stem weight 18.5 12.8 16.5 Leaf dry weight 55.7 43.3 48.0 Total dry weight of plant 91.8 69.5 80.6

[0138] Combined with Table 3, it can be seen that 35 days after the flue-cured tobacco was transplanted, the root fresh weight, leaf fresh weight, root dry weight, stem dry weight and leaf dry weight of the experimental example 9 were all higher than those of the control experimental examples 8 and 9, and the total fresh weight of the plants increased by 15.1% and 5.3% respectively, and the total dry weight of the plants increased by 32.1% and 14.0% respectively compared with the control experimental examples 8 and 9. This shows that in the application scenario of directly returning corn stalks to the field, the use of the composting promoter of the present invention effectively promotes the early growth and dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco, which is conducive to the formation of high-quality tobacco leaf yield and quality.

[0139] It should be noted that the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments are only examples, and the embodiments having the same structure as the technical idea and exerting the same effect within the scope of the technical solution of the present application are all included in the technical scope of the present application. In addition, without departing from the scope of the main purpose of the present application, various modifications that can be thought of by those skilled in the art to the embodiments and other methods of combining some of the constituent elements in the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A biochar-based composting accelerator, characterized in that: In parts by weight, the biochar-based composting promoter comprises: 30-50 parts of biochar, 10-30 parts of organic acid potassium, 5-15 parts of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, 4-20 parts of amino acids and 0.5-3 parts of spreading agent, and the spreading agent is selected from silicone spreading agent.

2. The biochar-based composting accelerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biochar is selected from any one or more of waste flue-cured tobacco straw and carbonized fruit tree branches.

3. The biochar-based composting accelerator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The particle size of the biochar is 10-30 meshes.

4. The biochar-based composting accelerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic acid potassium is selected from any one or more of potassium humate, potassium fulvic acid, potassium citrate, potassium gluconate and potassium malate.

5. The biochar-based composting accelerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer is a nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizer.

6. The biochar-based composting accelerator according to claim 5, characterized in that: The molar ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in the nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer is 2:

1.

7. The biochar-based composting accelerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer is diammonium hydrogen phosphate.

8. The biochar-based composting accelerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amino acids include any one or more combinations of threonine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine.

9. The biochar-based composting accelerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amino acids include threonine, serine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid in a mass ratio of 0.5~1.5:0.5~1.5: 0.5~1.5: 0.5~1.

5.

10. The biochar-based composting accelerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: In parts by weight, the biochar-based composting promoter comprises: 30-50 parts of the biochar, 10-15 parts of the organic acid potassium, 5-8 parts of the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, 4-12 parts of the amino acids and 0.5-2 parts of the spreading agent.

11. The biochar-based composting accelerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biochar-based composting promoter also includes a water-absorbing resin.

12. The biochar-based composting accelerator according to claim 11, characterized in that: The weight portion of the water-absorbing resin is 1-8 parts.

13. The biochar-based composting accelerator according to claim 12, characterized in that: The weight portion of the water-absorbing resin is 2-5 parts.

14. A method for preparing a biochar-based composting accelerator according to any one of claims 1 to 13, the method comprising: Step S1, mixing biochar, organic acid potassium aqueous solution, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer aqueous solution, amino acid aqueous solution and a spreading agent to form a wet mixture; Step S2, drying the wet mixture to obtain the biochar-based composting promoter.

15. The preparation method according to claim 14, characterized in that: The step S1 comprises: Mixing the biochar and the organic acid potassium aqueous solution, allowing to stand, and drying to form a first mixture; Mixing the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer aqueous solution, the amino acid aqueous solution and the spreading agent to obtain a second mixture; The first mixture and the second mixture are combined to form the wet mix.

16. The preparation method according to claim 15, characterized in that: The biochar is mixed with the organic acid potassium aqueous solution and allowed to stand for 12 to 36 hours.

17. The preparation method according to claim 15, characterized in that: The standing temperature is 8-15°C.

18. The preparation method according to any one of claims 14 to 17, comprising: Step S1, mixing biochar, organic acid potassium aqueous solution, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer aqueous solution, amino acid aqueous solution and a spreading agent to form a wet mixture; Step S2, drying the wet mixture and mixing it with a water-absorbing resin to obtain the biochar-based composting accelerator.

19. A microbial decomposition composition, comprising a microbial decomposition agent and a decomposition accelerator, characterized in that: The decomposition promoter is the biochar-based decomposition promoter according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

20. The microbial decomposition composition according to claim 19, characterized in that: The weight ratio of the microbial decomposition agent to the decomposition promoter is 1:(20-40).

21. A composting method, comprising treating a compost raw material with a maturity accelerator, characterized in that: The decomposition promoter is the biochar-based decomposition promoter according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

22. The compost according to claim 21, characterized in that The composting raw material is livestock and poultry manure, and the weight ratio of the livestock and poultry manure to the composting accelerator is 100:(3-10).

23. A composting method, comprising treating a composting material with a microbial decomposition composition, characterized in that: The microbial decomposition composition is the microbial decomposition composition according to claim 19 or 20.

24. The compost according to claim 23, characterized in that The compost raw material is straw, and the weight ratio of the straw to the biochar-based composting promoter in the microbial composting composition is 1000:(25-35).

25. A soil improvement method, comprising returning straw to the field, characterized in that: The soil improvement method uses the biochar-based composting promoter according to any one of claims 1 to 13 when returning straw to the field.

26. The soil improvement method according to claim 25, characterized in that: The dosage of the biochar-based composting accelerator is 400kg-500kg per hectare of land.

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