An aperture ratio adjusting device, cutter head and method

Abstract

The application provides an opening rate adjusting device, a cutter head and a method, relates to the field of a cutter head of a shield tunneling machine, and aims to solve the problem that the opening rate adjusting device cannot meet the cooling requirements of different operating states of the cutter head in the current operating process of the cutter head. Two cooling cavities in a cylinder head are respectively provided with liquid outlets and are matched with control valves, the two cooling cavities are communicated, and the liquid inlet is arranged on one cooling cavity. Through the opening and closing and the opening degree adjustment of the control valve on the liquid outlet, the flow path of the cooling liquid in the cylinder head is adjusted, the cooling state of the cooling cavity on different positions of the cylinder head is changed, and the requirements in different operating states of the cutter head are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of shield machine cutter heads, and in particular to an opening ratio adjustment device, a cutter head and a method. Background Art

[0002] During the shield machine's cutting and excavation process, the cutter acts as a tooth, which is bound to cause wear and even damage to the cutter. The shield machine uses a dark excavation tunnel construction method. During the excavation process, it is relatively complicated to replace the cutter and the cutter replacement cycle is long. When opening a chamber in unstable strata such as soft soil strata and broken strata, due to the poor self-sustainability of the strata, there are certain safety risks in the construction work inside the soil chamber, such as falling rocks and face collapse, which pose a certain threat to the personal safety of the workers. During the shield excavation process, the opening rate of the shield cutterhead is related to the adaptability of the cutterhead to the stratum. Hard rock strata require a cutterhead with a small opening rate, while soft soil strata with good uniformity can be equipped with a cutterhead with a large opening rate. Currently, the cutterhead opening rate is adjusted by welding or installing wear-resistant steel plates.

[0003] There is a need to adjust the cutterhead opening rate when repairing or replacing tools, as well as when adapting to excavation in different strata. Currently, this is achieved by installing or removing baffles in the cutterhead opening area. After installing baffles in the cutterhead opening area, the cutterhead opening area can be reduced, thereby reducing the cutterhead opening rate, adapting to excavation in hard rock strata. After installing baffles in some areas, the tunnel face can be stabilized and the safety of the cutter change operation area can be maintained. The installed baffles can be removed to increase the cutterhead opening rate. However, the current method of installing and removing baffles to adjust the cutterhead opening rate is inconvenient to operate. Welding fixation can meet the strength requirements, but cutting is required for later disassembly, which has low disassembly efficiency and is easy to damage the cutterhead body. When using detachable connectors such as bolts to install baffles, the threads of the connectors on the side of the cutterhead facing the tunnel face are easily damaged by collision with the stratum rock, making disassembly difficult. At the same time, the installation efficiency of traditional detachable connectors is low, making it difficult to meet the needs of quickly adjusting the opening rate to adapt to the stratum and quickly establishing a tool change protection area. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to address the defects of the prior art and provide an opening rate adjustment device, a cutterhead and a method. A fixing seat is set on the cutterhead, and the support plate is installed on or removed from the cutterhead using the fixing seat to adjust the cutterhead opening rate. A locking piece is configured to achieve rotation adjustment through a spiral surface fitting structure, thereby locking and unlocking the position of the support plate connected to the fixing seat, improving disassembly efficiency and withstanding collisions with strata and rock masses.

[0005] The first object of the present invention is to provide an aperture ratio adjustment device, which adopts the following scheme:

[0006] It includes a support plate, a locking piece and a fixed seat installed on the cutter disc. The support plate is provided with a fixed plate at the position corresponding to the fixed seat. The locking piece includes a locking plate, a pull rod and an end head connected in sequence. The pull rod passes through the locking plate, the support plate and the fixed seat in sequence and then connects to the end head. The locking plate abuts the fixed plate and is provided with a pair of matching spiral surfaces. The locking plate is adjusted by rotating the distance between it and the support plate to lock or unlock the relative position of the support plate and the fixed seat.

[0007] Furthermore, the locking disk is provided with a first helical surface distributed around its axis, and the fixed disk is provided with a second helical surface distributed around its axis, and the first helical surface fits the second helical surface.

[0008] Furthermore, along the trajectory direction of the second helical surface, the distance between the second helical surface and the support plate in the axial direction gradually increases.

[0009] Furthermore, an anti-slip structure is provided at the mating position of the first helical surface and the second helical surface to maintain the relative position of the first helical surface and the second helical surface in a locked state.

[0010] Furthermore, the end head is a columnar structure with an axial dimension larger than its radial dimension. The fixing seat is provided with an oblong hole for the end head to pass through. When the axis of the end head is parallel to the length direction of the oblong hole, the end head can pass through the oblong hole.

[0011] Furthermore, the axis of the end head is perpendicular to the axis of the pull rod, and a handle is provided on the end surface of the locking disk away from the fixed disk.

[0012] Furthermore, the support plate is provided with a plurality of fixing plates, each of which is equipped with a locking member, and the locking member connects the support plate to the fixing seat at a plurality of positions.

[0013] The second object of the present invention is to provide a cutter head utilizing the opening ratio adjustment device as described in the first object.

[0014] A third object of the present invention is to provide an adjustment method using the aperture ratio adjustment device according to the first object, comprising:

[0015] The cutter head mounting support plate is provided with multiple fixing seats, and the support plate is provided with multiple corresponding fixing plates;

[0016] When installing the support plate on the cutterhead:

[0017] Each fixing plate is equipped with a locking piece, the support plate abuts against the fixing seat, and the end of the locking piece passes through a preset oblong hole on the fixing seat;

[0018] Turn the locking disc to adjust the relative angle between the end head and the fixing seat, and fit the support plate and the fixing seat until the support plate and the fixing seat are locked;

[0019] When removing the support plate from the cutterhead:

[0020] Rotate the locking disk in the opposite direction to allow the end head to pass through the preset oblong hole on the fixing seat and come out, thereby releasing the lock on the relative position of the supporting plate and the fixing plate.

[0021] Furthermore, when the support plate is installed on the cutter disc, the support plate position corresponding to each fixed disc is respectively installed on the fixed seat through a locking member to form multi-point fixation.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and positive effects:

[0023] (1) In view of the current problem that the adjustment efficiency is low and the opening rate is easily damaged when the tool is repaired or the opening rate is adjusted for construction in different strata, a fixing seat is set on the cutter head, and the support plate is installed on the cutter head or removed from the cutter head using the fixing seat to adjust the cutter head opening rate. A locking piece is configured to achieve rotation adjustment through a spiral surface fitting structure, and the position of the support plate connected to the fixing seat is locked and unlocked, thereby improving the disassembly efficiency and withstanding the collision of the stratum rock mass.

[0024] (2) It can realize the rapid disassembly and assembly of the cutterhead and the supporting plate. When the shield machine is located in an unstable stratum such as a soft soil stratum or a broken stratum, when it needs to enter the warehouse for operation, the self-supporting nature of the stratum is poor, threatening the personal safety of the construction workers in the tunnel. The support plate and the locking parts can quickly establish a protective structure at the cutterhead opening position to support the face and prevent it from collapsing. It can also prevent the falling of debris, falling rocks, etc. from causing safety accidents. At the same time, when the stratum collapses, it can buy time for the safe evacuation of the construction workers.

[0025] (3) Through the spiral surface docking method, the rotation of the locking disk can squeeze the support plate and the fixed seat to establish their locking relationship. By rotating in the opposite direction, the contact position of the support plate and the fixed seat is loosened to release their locking relationship; the installation efficiency and disassembly efficiency between the support plate and the fixed seat are improved, which is convenient for responding to the demand for rapid adjustment of the opening rate when excavating in different strata.

[0026] (4) The end head can pass through the oblong hole on the fixed seat, and can also be adjusted by rotation to a non-parallel state between the axis and the oblong hole trajectory, forming a lock to prevent it from falling out. Compared with the traditional bolt connection, the end head structure can withstand the collision of the rock mass on the tunnel face, avoiding the problem of inconvenience in disassembly and assembly caused by collision deformation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0028] Figure 1Schematic diagram of the support plate installed on the cutter head in Examples 1, 2 and 3 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the distribution of support plates on the cutter head in Examples 1, 2 and 3 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the distribution of locking elements on the support plate in Examples 1, 2 and 3 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the support plate connected to the cutter disc via a locking member in Examples 1, 2 and 3 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the locking member in Examples 1, 2 and 3 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing seat in Examples 1, 2 and 3 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the cooperation between the locking member and the fixed disk in Examples 1, 2 and 3 of the present invention.

[0035] In the figure, 1. cutter disc, 2. support plate, 3. locking piece, 4. fixing seat, 5. locking plate, 6. fixing plate, 7. pull rod, 8. end, 9. handle, 10. oblong hole, 11. first spiral surface, 12. second spiral surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] Example 1

[0037] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1-Figure 7 As shown, an aperture ratio adjustment device is provided.

[0038] A shield machine is a special engineering machine for tunnel excavation. It is a large-scale and complex tunnel construction equipment that integrates mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, fluid, optical, sensor and information technology.

[0039] On the one hand, during the shield machine's cutting and excavation process, the cutter needs to be replaced in the chamber. When the chamber is opened in unstable strata such as soft soil strata and broken strata, there are risks such as falling rocks and face collapse, which pose a safety threat. On the other hand, during the shield excavation process, the opening rate of the shield cutterhead is related to the adaptability of the cutterhead to the stratum. Hard rock strata require a cutterhead with a small opening rate, and soft soil strata with good uniformity can be equipped with a cutterhead with a large opening rate. Currently, the cutterhead opening rate is adjusted by welding or installing wear-resistant steel plates through connectors.

[0040] However, the current method of installing and disassembling the baffle to adjust the cutterhead opening rate is inconvenient to operate. Welding fixation can meet the strength requirements, but cutting is required for later disassembly, which has low disassembly efficiency and is easy to damage the cutterhead body. When the baffle is installed using detachable connectors such as bolts, the connector threads on the side of the cutterhead facing the face are easily damaged by collision with the formation rock, making disassembly difficult. At the same time, the installation efficiency of traditional detachable connectors is low, and it is difficult to meet the needs of quickly adjusting the opening rate to adapt to the formation and quickly establishing a cutter change protection area.

[0041] Based on this, this embodiment provides an opening rate adjustment device, which adopts the method of installing a support plate 2 at the entrance of the slag and gravel of the cutter head 1, which can stabilize the face to ensure the safety of operation in the chamber, and can also form an opening rate that adapts to the excavation stratum. The support plate 2 cooperates with the locking part 3 to be detachably connected to the preset fixing seat 4 on the cutter head 1, sealing the opening of the cutter head 1 in the matching position, thereby achieving the effect of reducing the opening rate, supporting the face, and isolating the outside world from the chamber. It can be quickly disassembled, and the disassembly efficiency is improved to meet the requirements of adjusting the opening rate speed.

[0042] The aperture ratio adjustment device in this embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] See also Figure 1 The opening rate adjustment device can conveniently adjust the opening rate of the cutter head 1, which is used in scenarios where the face is supported and different opening rates are required for excavation of different strata. It can prevent safety threats caused by the unstable self-sustaining nature of the strata and the problem of reduced excavation efficiency due to the opening rate not meeting the requirements. It can protect the personal safety of construction workers in the tunnel and ensure the excavation efficiency of different strata.

[0044] The opening ratio adjustment device includes at least one set of adjustment modules, each of which includes a support plate 2, a fixing seat 4, and a locking member 3. The opening area on the cutterhead 1 is relatively large, and a blocking plate with the same shape as the opening of the cutterhead 1 is required. In order to facilitate adjustment and adapt to the working conditions during excavation construction, the blocking plate is divided into blocks. Each set of adjustment modules includes a support plate 2, and each support plate 2 is independently matched with the corresponding area of ​​the cutterhead 1, such as Figure 2 As shown, the support plate 2 can be adjusted according to the position where it is installed, such as opening a avoidance groove, setting a reinforcement rib, etc. It is understandable that the shape of the support plate 2 can be adjusted according to needs, using a rectangular, trapezoidal, polygonal, etc., so that the support plate 2 can adapt to the opening position of the cutter head 1.

[0045] Since the shape of the support plate 2 is not fixed, the arrangement position of the fixing seat 4 needs to be determined according to the shape of the support plate 2. Figure 3For a rectangular support plate 2, fixing seats 4 can be set at the four corner positions of the support plate 2. For a trapezoidal plate, fixing seats 4 can be set at its four corner positions respectively, and additional fixing seats 4 can be added on the longer bottom edge to improve its stability during connection; after arranging the fixing seats 4, the connection between the support plate 2 and the fixing seats 4 is established through the locking member 3.

[0046] The support plate 2 is a part that is detachably connected to the cutter disc 1, and the fixing seat 4 is a part that is fixed to the cutter disc 1 corresponding to the support plate 2. The support plate 2 is fixed to the cutter disc 1 through the fixing seat 4; the fixing seat 4 is fixedly connected to the cutter disc 1. When the support plate 2 is removed, the support plate 2 is detached from the fixing seat 4, and the fixing seat 4 remains on the cutter disc 1. Since the fixing seat 4 is very small relative to the opening of the cutter disc 1, it will not affect the normal excavation of the cutter disc 1.

[0047] Corresponding to the actual construction situation, the support plate 2 has the same shape as the opening of the cutter head 1 at the arranged position. In order to adapt to the narrow underground shield construction scene, the width dimension of the outline of each support plate 2 does not exceed 500mm, the length dimension does not exceed 1000mm, and the weight does not exceed 20kg. For easy transportation, it is equipped with auxiliary handling grabbers.

[0048] In this embodiment, 30 support plates 2 are provided after block processing, and the slag inlet on the shield machine cutter head 1 is sealed.

[0049] See also Figure 4 A groove is designed on the fixed base, which is permanently welded to the structural parts of the cutter head 1 by full penetration. It will be worn and damaged during normal construction. The surface of the cutter head can also be welded with a wear-resistant grid to increase its wear resistance and strength.

[0050] Combine Figure 4 and Figure 6 An oblong hole 10 is designed and processed on the fixing seat 4, which is used to cooperate with the locking piece 3 to establish a locking relationship between the fixing seat 4 and the support plate 2. When the locking piece 3 does not cooperate with the oblong hole 10, the oblong hole 10 can be sealed with glass glue. When the support plate 2 needs to be installed, the glass glue is removed to make the locking piece 3 cooperate with the oblong hole 10.

[0051] It is understandable that the end 8 used at the end of the locking member 3 is a long columnar structure. In order to facilitate the matching of the locking member 3 to install the support plate 2, the mounting hole on the fixed base is also designed to be an oblong hole 10 that is compatible with the end 8.

[0052] A fixing plate 6 is provided at the position of the support plate 2 corresponding to the fixing seat 4, and a through hole is provided on the fixing plate 6 for the locking member 3 to pass through, and the through hole passes through the support plate 2 and the fixing plate 6 axially; the locking member 3 includes a locking plate 5, a pull rod 7 and an end head 8 connected in sequence, and the pull rod 7 passes through the locking plate 5, the support plate 2 and the fixing seat 4 in sequence and then connects to the end head 8, forming a constraint area between the locking plate 5 and the end head 8, forming a connection between the support plate 2 and the fixing seat 4.

[0053] Also, see Figure 7 and Figure 5 The locking disc 5 is provided with a pair of matching helical surfaces that abut against the fixed disc 6. The locking disc 5 is rotated to adjust the distance between it and the support plate 2 to lock or unlock the relative position of the support plate 2 and the fixed seat 4. The locking disc 5 is provided with a first helical surface 11 distributed around its axis, and the fixed disc 6 is provided with a second helical surface 12 distributed around its axis. The first helical surface 11 and the second helical surface 12 are in contact with each other.

[0054] The locking disk 5 cooperates with the fixed disk 6 to form an adjustment structure. The total axial length of the two can be changed by rotation, thereby tightening the end head 8. During the rotation process, the end head 8 can also be driven to adjust its position to achieve adjustment from the disengagement position to the blocking position.

[0055] Along the trajectory direction of the second helical surface 12, the axial distance between the second helical surface 12 and the support plate 2 gradually increases, so that during the rotation in the first direction, the distance between the locking disk 5 and the support plate 2 gradually increases, and the end head 8 forms a blocking position, meeting the locking requirement; during the rotation in the reverse second direction, the distance between the locking disk 5 and the support plate 2 gradually decreases, and the end head 8 gradually approaches and reaches the disengagement position, meeting the unlocking posture requirement.

[0056] It should be pointed out that an anti-slip structure is provided at the mating position of the first helical surface 11 and the second helical surface 12 to maintain the relative position of the first helical surface 11 and the second helical surface 12 in the locked state. The anti-slip structure can adopt a structure with alternating protrusions and grooves, or a rough surface structure, etc.

[0057] Corresponding to Figure 3 In order to meet the requirement of multi-point fixation on the support plate 2 shown, a plurality of fixing plates 6 are provided on the support plate 2, and the fixing plates 6 are respectively equipped with locking members 3. The locking members 3 connect the support plate 2 to the fixing seat 4 from multiple positions.

[0058] like Figure 5 As shown, the end head 8 serves as a blocking member and collision member facing the palm face, and can bear the locking force of the locking member 3 on the support plate 2 and the fixing seat 4. At the same time, it can also withstand the collision of the formations in the palm face. After locking, the end head 8 will not loosen even if it is hit, and maintains a good locking effect.

[0059] The end cap 8 is a columnar structure with an axial dimension greater than its radial dimension. The fixing base 4 is provided with an oblong hole 10 for the end cap 8 to pass through. When the axis of the end cap 8 is parallel to the length direction of the oblong hole 10, the end cap 8 can pass through the oblong hole 10. The axis of the end cap 8 is perpendicular to the axis of the pull rod 7. A handle 9 is provided on the end surface of the locking disk 5 away from the fixing disk 6 for easy operation.

[0060] After the support plate 2 is transported to the soil bin, the through hole of the support plate 2 can be aligned with the oblong hole 10 on the fixing seat 4. Then, the pull rod 7 and the end 8 can be moved axially by rotating the locking member 3. When the end 8 is locked and contacts the fixing seat 4 after moving to a certain position, the locking member 3 can be further rotated to lock the support plate 2. According to the above steps, the support plates 2 can be installed on the cutter head 1 one by one.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] In another typical embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1-Figure 7 As shown, a cutter head is provided.

[0063] The cutter disc in this embodiment utilizes the opening ratio adjustment device as in Example 1, and multiple support plates 2 are configured according to the opening on the cutter disc 1, and a corresponding fixing seat 4 is configured for the installation position of each support plate 2, so that the fixing plate 6 on the support plate 2 corresponds to the fixing seat 4, and the support plate 2 is installed on the fixing seat 4 or removed from the fixing seat 4 using the locking member 3.

[0064] It is understandable that, since the cutter head 1 is equipped with an aperture ratio adjustment device as in Example 1, the beneficial effects brought about by the aperture ratio adjustment device can be found in Example 1 and will not be described in detail here.

[0065] For other structures in the cutter head 1 that are not mentioned, existing structures can be used.

[0066] Example 3

[0067] In another typical embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1-Figure 7 As shown, a method for adjusting the aperture ratio is given.

[0068] In conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the aperture ratio adjustment device in Example 1, the aperture ratio adjustment method includes:

[0069] The support plate 2 is provided with a plurality of fixing seats 4 at the position where the cutter head 1 is mounted, and the support plate 2 is provided with a plurality of corresponding fixing plates 6;

[0070] When installing the support plate 2 on the cutter head 1:

[0071] Each fixing plate 6 is equipped with a locking member 3, the support plate 2 abuts against the fixing seat 4, and the end 8 of the locking member 3 passes through a preset oblong hole 10 on the fixing seat 4;

[0072] Rotate the locking disk 5 to adjust the relative angle between the end 8 and the fixing base 4, and fit the support plate 2 and the fixing base 4 together until the support plate 2 and the fixing base 4 are locked;

[0073] The support plate 2 corresponding to each fixing plate 6 is respectively installed on the fixing seat 4 through the locking member 3 to form a multi-point fixation;

[0074] When removing the support plate 2 from the cutter head 1:

[0075] Rotate the locking disk 5 in the opposite direction to allow the end head 8 to pass through the preset oblong hole 10 on the fixing seat 4 and come out, thereby releasing the lock between the supporting plate 2 and the fixing plate;

[0076] Remove the multiple support plates 2 from the cutter head 1 in sequence.

[0077] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An aperture ratio adjustment device, characterized in that: It includes a support plate, a locking member and a fixed seat installed on the cutter disc, the support plate is provided with a fixed plate at a position corresponding to the fixed seat, the locking member includes a locking plate, a pull rod and an end head connected in sequence, the pull rod passes through the locking plate, the support plate and the fixed seat in sequence and is connected to the end head, the locking plate is provided with a pair of matching spiral surfaces against the fixed plate, and the locking plate is adjusted by rotating the distance between it and the support plate to lock or unlock the relative position of the support plate and the fixed seat; The locking disk is provided with a first helical surface distributed around its axis, and the fixed disk is provided with a second helical surface distributed around its axis, and the first helical surface is in contact with the second helical surface; Along the trajectory direction of the second helical surface, the axial distance between the second helical surface and the support plate gradually increases; the first helical surface and the second helical surface are matched at a position with an anti-slip structure to maintain the relative position of the first helical surface and the second helical surface in a locked state; the end head is a columnar structure whose axial dimension is larger than its radial dimension, and an oblong hole is provided on the fixing seat for the end head to pass through. When the axis of the end head is parallel to the length direction of the oblong hole, the end head can pass through the oblong hole.

2. The aperture ratio adjustment device according to claim 1, wherein: The axis of the end head is perpendicular to the axis of the pull rod, and a handle is provided on the end surface of the locking disk away from the fixed disk.

3. The aperture ratio adjustment device according to claim 1, wherein: The support plate is provided with a plurality of fixing plates, each of which is equipped with a locking member. The locking member connects the support plate to the fixing seat at a plurality of positions.

4. A cutter head, characterized in that: It comprises the aperture ratio adjustment device as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. A method for adjusting the aperture ratio using the aperture ratio adjusting device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: include: The cutter head mounting support plate is provided with multiple fixing seats, and the support plate is provided with multiple corresponding fixing plates; When installing the support plate on the cutterhead: Each fixing plate is equipped with a locking piece, the support plate abuts against the fixing seat, and the end of the locking piece passes through a preset oblong hole on the fixing seat; Turn the locking disc to adjust the relative angle between the end head and the fixing seat, and fit the support plate and the fixing seat until the support plate and the fixing seat are locked; When removing the support plate from the cutterhead: Rotate the locking disk in the opposite direction to allow the end head to pass through the preset oblong hole on the fixing seat and come out, thereby releasing the lock on the relative position of the supporting plate and the fixing plate.

6. The adjustment method according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the support plate is installed on the cutter disc, the support plate position corresponding to each fixed disc is respectively installed on the fixed seat through the locking piece to form multi-point fixation.

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