An integrated device and method for pyrolysis separation of organic residues from scrapped automobiles based on concentrated solar heat source

Abstract

The present invention discloses an integrated device and method for pyrolytic separation of organic residues from end-of-life vehicles based on concentrated solar thermal energy. Concentrated solar energy is used as a heat source to co-pyrolyze typical organic residues from end-of-life vehicles, and a three-phase separation of the pyrolysis products is carried out through a condensation device to obtain pyrolysis products within a specific boiling point range, effectively reducing the energy consumption and pollution emissions during the pyrolysis process, effectively improving the quality of pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas, effectively solving the problems of pollution and energy consumption in the traditional pyrolysis process, and solving the problem that the C content of waste tires is relatively high and more carbon deposition will be generated during separate pyrolysis. In contrast, waste leather or waste sponge has a relatively high H / C ratio but a high O content during separate pyrolysis.

Description

Technical Field:

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive recycling and utilization of waste, and particularly to a pyrolysis separation integrated device and method for waste automobile organic residues based on a concentrated solar heat source. Background Art:

[0002] In recent years, with the continuous increase in the amount of scrapped automobiles, the recycling and utilization of scrapped automobile parts have gradually received attention. Compared with the metal components of scrapped automobiles, the composition of their organic residue components is more complex and the recycling difficulty is greater. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an efficient, clean and easy-to-separate organic residue recycling method. For typical organic residues such as waste tires, waste sponges, and waste leather, pyrolysis is a common recycling method. Traditional pyrolysis promotes reactions such as cracking, rearrangement, and deoxidation of organic macromolecules at high temperatures to obtain high-value products such as pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis gas, and carbon black. Traditional pyrolysis methods rely on electric energy or fossil fuels to provide heat sources, with high economic costs, large environmental pollution, low energy conversion efficiency, and it is difficult to achieve clean and efficient utilization of organic residues. Summary of the Invention:

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a pyrolysis separation integrated device and method for waste automobile organic residues based on a concentrated solar heat source, which uses concentrated solar energy as a heat source to co-pyrolyze typical waste automobile organic residues, and performs three-phase separation on the pyrolysis products through a condensation device to obtain pyrolysis products within a specific boiling range, effectively reducing the energy consumption and pollution emissions during the pyrolysis process, effectively improving the quality of pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas, effectively solving the pollution and energy consumption problems in the traditional pyrolysis process, and solving the problem that the waste tire has a high C content and more carbon deposition will be generated during single pyrolysis, while the waste leather or waste sponge has a relatively high H / C ratio but a high O content during single pyrolysis.

[0004] The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0005] An integrated pyrolysis-separation device for organic residues from end-of-life vehicles based on a concentrated solar heat source, characterized in that it includes a sampling system, a concentrated heat supply system, a pyrolysis reaction system, a product transmission system, a condensation separation system and a pyrolysis gas collection system; the sampling system consists of an experimental gas path, a protective gas path, a two-way safety valve, a flow controller, an automatic sampler, a one-way valve, a raw material preheater and a transmission pipeline; the concentrated heat supply system consists of a concentrated solar simulation light source, an observation window and a protective partition, providing heat for the reaction in the form of light energy, and the light source intensity and irradiation area are adjustable; the pyrolysis reaction system consists of a pressure-resistant reaction kettle, a quartz crucible, a pressure gauge and a thermocouple; the product transmission system consists of multiple two-way valves, a steel pipeline and a heat-insulating asbestos net; the condensation separation system consists of two series-connected condensation tanks and a low-temperature coolant circulation pump. The pyrolysis products are collected in the condensation tank after double-stage condensation, and the low-temperature coolant circulation pump controls the condensation temperature to achieve directional collection of products in different boiling point ranges; the pyrolysis gas collection system consists of a dryer, a throttle valve and an air bag, which is used to collect the condensed gas. To prevent the gas from carrying out the condensed liquid, it is first treated by the dryer and then trapped; the experimental gas path and the protective gas path are connected in parallel and then connected to the raw material preheater. The automatic sampler is also connected to the raw material preheater via a one-way valve. The raw material preheater is then connected to the pressure-resistant reaction kettle. The outlet of the reaction kettle is connected to two series-connected condensation tanks, and the outlet of the condensation tank is connected to the air bag via a dryer.

[0006] Preferably, two-way safety valves and flow controllers are provided on both the experimental gas path and the protective gas path, which is convenient for replacing the carrier gas midway and regulating the rate of purging the pyrolysis products.

[0007] The automatic sampler is an injection sampler or a screw sampler, which are respectively used for sampling liquid samples and solid samples.

[0008] Preferably, heating jackets and heat-insulating devices are provided on the transmission pipelines between the outlet of the raw material preheater and the inlet of the pressure-resistant reaction kettle and between the outlet of the reaction kettle and the condensation tank to maintain the stability of the transmission temperature, prevent the material from prematurely condensing and blocking the pipeline or remaining in the pipeline and being difficult to collect.

[0009] Preferably, a filter screen is provided at the top outlet of the pressure-resistant reaction kettle to prevent solid-phase materials or impurities from entering the condensation system, and an automatic pressure relief device is installed on the pressure-resistant reaction kettle to prevent overpressure.

[0010] Preferably, the condenser and the dryer are placed on a weighing device, which can record the mass difference before and after, and is convenient for calculating the three-phase yield.

[0011] The organic residues from end-of-life vehicles include waste tires, and in addition, waste sponges or waste leather.

[0012] An integrated pyrolysis-separation method for organic residues of end-of-life vehicles based on a concentrated solar heat source, characterized in that, by using the above-mentioned integrated pyrolysis-separation device for organic residues of end-of-life vehicles based on a concentrated solar heat source, the method comprises the following steps:

[0013] (1) Mix the waste tires obtained by disassembling and sorting end-of-life vehicles with waste sponges or waste leather in a certain mass ratio, and then feed them into a quartz crucible in a pressure-resistant reactor through an automatic feeder. Open the protective gas pipeline, fill it with protective gas until the pressure reaches 0.5 MPa, then close the valve. Turn on the concentrated solar simulation light source so that the light source intensity meets the preset energy flux density. Subsequently, heat the reactants in the form of light energy. Start timing after reaching the set temperature until the reaction is completed; the pyrolysis reaction temperature is 300-800 °C, and the reaction time is 0.5-2 h;

[0014] (2) After the reaction is completed, turn off the light source, open the outlet valve of the reactor and introduce the purge gas at a certain flow rate. Collect the liquid-phase product at the preset condensation temperature, and use an air bag to collect the gas-phase product. Calculate the mass of the solid-phase product by the difference method.

[0015] In step (1), the particle size of the waste tires, waste sponges or waste leather is 100 mesh.

[0016] In step (1), the mass ratio of the waste tires to the waste sponges or waste leather is 1:0.5-5.

[0017] The protective gas and the purge gas are one of nitrogen, helium, and argon, and the most preferred is helium.

[0018] The energy flux density of the concentrated solar simulation light source is 500-1500 KW / m 2 .

[0019] In step (2), the purge gas flow rate is 100-200 mL / min, and the most preferred is 150 mL / min.

[0020] In step (2), the preset condensation temperature is -10-5 °C, and the most preferred is -5 °C.

[0021] Specifically, the liquid-phase product is collected, purified, diluted, and then sent to a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The gas-phase product is qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using a refinery gas gas chromatography. Finally, the high-quality pyrolysis oil / gas content is summarized.

[0022] The high-quality pyrolysis oil content is the aromatic hydrocarbon content (wt.%) in the liquid-phase product, and the high-quality pyrolysis gas content is the sum of the contents of H2, CO, and short-chain hydrocarbons (vol.%) in the gas-phase product. The higher the content, the higher the quality of the pyrolysis oil or pyrolysis gas.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] (1) The present invention uses a concentrated solar heat source to replace the traditional heat source for pyrolysis recovery of waste. After the process is scaled up, it can significantly reduce the consumption of fossil energy, and no pollutants are produced during the energy supply process, having extremely high economic and environmental benefits;

[0025] (2) The present invention conducts collaborative coupling pyrolysis recovery and upgrading of the organic dismantling residues of scrapped automobiles represented by waste tires, waste sponges, and waste leather, realizing the recycling of solid waste resources;

[0026] (3) The present invention realizes the improvement of the yields of liquid-phase products and gas-phase products by regulating the pyrolysis raw material ratio and pyrolysis parameters, and effectively improves the quality of pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas. Description of the Drawings:

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the pyrolysis-separation integrated device for organic dismantling residues of scrapped automobiles based on a concentrated solar heat source of the present invention;

[0028] Among them, 1. Experimental gas circuit; 2. Two-way safety valve; 3. Flow controller; 4. Protection gas circuit; 5. Automatic sampler; 6. Check valve; 7. Raw material preheater; 8. Pressure-resistant reaction kettle; 9. Quartz crucible; 10. Pressure gauge; 11. Relief valve; 12. Thermocouple; 13. Observation window; 14. Protection partition; 15. Concentrated solar simulation light source; 16. Condensation tank; 17. Low-temperature coolant circulation pump; 18. Dryer; 19. Gas bag. Detailed Embodiments:

[0029] The following is a further description of the present invention, rather than a limitation of the present invention.

[0030] As Figure 1As shown in the figure, a pyrolysis-separation integrated device for waste automobile organic residues based on a concentrated solar heat source includes a sample injection system, a concentrated heat supply system, a pyrolysis reaction system, a product transmission system, a condensation separation system, and a pyrolysis gas collection system. The sample injection system consists of an experimental gas path 1, a protective gas path 4, a two-way safety valve 2, a flow controller 3, an automatic sampler 5, a one-way valve 6, a raw material preheater 7, and a transmission pipeline. A two-way safety valve 2 is provided between the experimental gas path 1 and the protective gas path 4 and the raw material preheater 7 for protection. A one-way valve 6 is provided between the automatic sampler 5 and the raw material preheater 7 to prevent the reverse flow of materials. A heat preservation device is provided on the transmission pipeline between the outlet of the raw material preheater 7 and the connection to the pressure-resistant reaction kettle 8 to prevent premature condensation and blockage of the materials. The concentrated heat supply system consists of a concentrated solar simulation light source 15, an observation window 13, and a protective partition 14. The concentrated solar simulation light source 15 can supply heat to the quartz crucible 9 in the reaction kettle in the form of light energy by adjusting the focal length and output power and passing through the transparent observation window 13 and the protective partition 14. The pyrolysis reaction system consists of a pressure-resistant reaction kettle 8, a quartz crucible 9, a pressure gauge 10, a pressure relief valve 11, and a thermocouple 12. The pressure-resistant reaction kettle 8 has two outlets. One extends out the transmission pipeline and is connected to the condensation tank 16. A safety valve is provided on the transmission pipeline, and a filter screen is provided at the internal outlet to prevent solid-phase materials or impurities from entering the condensation system. The other outlet is connected to the pressure relief valve 11 for automatic pressure relief in case of overpressure. The product transmission system consists of multiple two-way valves, steel pipelines, and heat preservation asbestos nets. The reaction products are output from the reaction kettle and enter the condenser through the heat preservation pipeline. The condensation separation system consists of two series-connected condensation tanks 16 and a low-temperature coolant circulation pump 17. The condensation tank adopts bipolar cooling, and the cooling circulation pump can control the condensation temperature to achieve the directional collection of products in different boiling point ranges. The pyrolysis gas collection system consists of a dryer 18, a throttle valve, and an air bag 19. The dryer is connected to the outlet of the condensation tank 16 to remove the carried condensation liquid and other residual liquid products. The outlet of the dryer 18 is connected to the air bag 19 to collect the gas-phase products. The experimental gas path and the protective gas path are in parallel and then connected to the raw material preheater. The automatic sampler is also connected to the raw material preheater via a one-way valve. The raw material preheater is then connected to the pressure-resistant reaction kettle. The outlet of the reaction kettle is connected to two series-connected condensation tanks. The outlet of the condensation tank is connected to the air bag through the dryer.

[0031] The specific steps for pyrolyzing waste automobile organic residues using the above device are as follows:

[0032] (1) Mix the waste tires with a particle size of 100 mesh obtained from the disassembly and sorting of scrapped automobiles with waste sponges or waste leather in a certain mass ratio, and then feed them into a quartz crucible in a reaction kettle through a spiral feeder. Open the protective gas pipeline, fill it with protective gas until it reaches 0.5 MPa, then close the valve. Turn on the simulated solar concentrator light source to make the light intensity meet the preset energy flux density. Subsequently, heat the reactants in the form of light energy. Start timing after reaching the set temperature until the reaction is completed. The pyrolysis reaction temperature is 300 - 800 °C, and the reaction time is 0.5 - 2 h.

[0033] (2) After the reaction is completed, turn off the light source, open the outlet valve of the reaction kettle and introduce the purge gas at a certain flow rate. Collect the liquid-phase product at the preset condensation temperature, and use an air bag to collect the gas-phase product. Calculate the mass of the solid-phase product by the difference method. The liquid product is sent to a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for qualitative and quantitative analysis after collection, purification and dilution. The gas product is qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using a refinery gas gas chromatography. Finally, summarize to obtain the content of high-quality pyrolysis oil / gas.

[0034] The content of high-quality pyrolysis oil is the content of aromatics in the liquid-phase product (wt.%), and the content of high-quality pyrolysis gas is the sum of the contents of H2, CO and short-chain hydrocarbons in the gas-phase product (vol.%). The higher the content, the higher the quality of the pyrolysis oil or pyrolysis gas.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] Uniformly mix 2 g of waste tires and waste sponges in a mass ratio of 1:1 and feed them into the reaction kettle. Fill it with helium until the pressure reaches 0.5 MPa. Heat it to 600 °C with a light intensity of an energy flux density of 1200 KW / m 2 and react for 1 h. After the reaction, introduce helium at a flow rate of 150 mL / min. Set the condensate temperature to -5 °C. Collect the liquid-phase and gas-phase products. After detection and calculation, the yields of the solid, liquid and gas phases are 10.7%, 50.5% and 38.8% respectively. The contents of high-quality pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas are 86.5% and 73.2% respectively. See Table 1 for details.

[0037] Comparative Example 1

[0038] Same as Example 1, except that the raw material is only waste tires. After calculation, the yields of the solid, liquid and gas phases are 25.2%, 44.0% and 30.8% respectively. The contents of high-quality pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas are 65.3% and 50.1% respectively.

[0039] Comparative Example 2

[0040] Same as Example 1, except that the raw material is only waste sponges. After calculation, the yields of the solid, liquid and gas phases are 3.3%, 11.2% and 85.5% respectively. The contents of high-quality pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas are 36.2% and 48.1% respectively.

[0041] As can be seen from Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, the quality of pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas obtained by pyrolyzing waste tires or waste sponges alone is relatively low. When waste tires and waste sponges are mixed, the solid-phase products are significantly reduced, and the quality of pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas is significantly improved, indicating that co-pyrolysis can effectively improve the problems of severe carbonization and high oxygen content in pyrolysis oil during the pyrolysis of waste tires alone.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] 2 g of waste tires and waste leather were uniformly mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1 and then fed into the reaction kettle. Helium was filled until the pressure reached 0.5 MPa, and it was heated to 600 °C at a light intensity of an energy flux density of 1200 KW / m 2 and reacted for 1 h. After the reaction, helium was introduced at a flow rate of 150 mL / min, the condensate temperature was set at -5 °C, and the liquid and gas phase products were collected. After detection and calculation, the yields of the solid, liquid, and gas phases were 6.4%, 63.7%, and 29.9% respectively, and the contents of high-quality pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas were 90.6% and 80.7% respectively. See Table 1 for details.

[0044] Example 3

[0045] 2 g of waste tires and waste leather were uniformly mixed at a mass ratio of 1:2 and then fed into the reaction kettle. Helium was filled until the pressure reached 0.5 MPa, and it was heated to 800 °C at a light intensity of an energy flux density of 1200 KW / m 2 and reacted for 1 h. After the reaction, helium was introduced at a flow rate of 150 mL / min, the condensate temperature was set at -5 °C, and the liquid and gas phase products were collected. After detection and calculation, the yields of the solid, liquid, and gas phases were 5.3%, 67.2%, and 27.5% respectively, and the contents of high-quality pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas were 91.7% and 82.9% respectively. See Table 1 for details.

[0046] Example 4

[0047] 2 g of waste tires and waste leather were uniformly mixed at a mass ratio of 1:5 and then fed into the reaction kettle. Helium was filled until the pressure reached 0.5 MPa, and it was heated to 800 °C at a light intensity of an energy flux density of 1500 KW / m 2 and reacted for 2 h. After the reaction, helium was introduced at a flow rate of 200 mL / min, the condensate temperature was set at -5 °C, and the liquid and gas phase products were collected. After detection and calculation, the yields of the solid, liquid, and gas phases were 7.5%, 69.1%, and 23.4% respectively, and the contents of high-quality pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas were 83.1% and 77.4% respectively. See Table 1 for details.

[0048] Example 5

[0049] Mix 2 g of waste tires and waste sponge evenly at a mass ratio of 1:0.5 and feed them into the reactor. Fill it with helium until the pressure reaches 0.5 MPa. Heat it to 300 °C with a light intensity of 800 KW / m 2 and react for 0.5 h. After the reaction, feed helium at a flow rate of 150 mL / min. Set the condensate temperature to 0 °C. Collect the liquid and gas products. After detection and calculation, the solid, liquid, and gas phase yields are 45.6%, 33.9%, and 20.5% respectively. The contents of high-quality pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas are 20.1% and 65.6% respectively. See Table 1 for details.

[0050] Example 6

[0051] Mix 2 g of waste tires and waste leather evenly at a mass ratio of 1:2 and feed them into the reactor. Fill it with helium until the pressure reaches 0.5 MPa. Heat it to 700 °C with a light intensity of 1200 KW / m 2 and react for 1 h. After the reaction, feed helium at a flow rate of 150 mL / min. Set the condensate temperature to -10 °C. Collect the liquid and gas products. After detection and calculation, the solid, liquid, and gas phase yields are 5.6%, 68.0%, and 26.4% respectively. The contents of high-quality pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas are 82.8% and 79.6% respectively. See Table 1 for details.

[0052] Table 1

[0053]

[0054]

[0055] The content of high-quality pyrolysis oil is the content of aromatic hydrocarbons (wt.%) in the liquid product, and the content of high-quality pyrolysis gas is the sum of the contents of H2, CO, and short-chain hydrocarbons (vol.%) in the gas product. The higher the content, the higher the quality of pyrolysis oil or pyrolysis gas.

[0056] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the above preferred embodiments should not be regarded as limitations of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. For those of ordinary skill in the art in this technical field, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated pyrolysis-separation device for organic residues of scrapped automobiles based on a concentrating solar heat source, characterized in that, It includes a sample injection system, a light-concentrating heat supply system, a pyrolysis reaction system, a product transmission system, a condensation separation system and a pyrolysis gas collection system; the sample injection system consists of an experimental gas path, a protective gas path, a two-way safety valve, a flow controller, an automatic sampler, a one-way valve, a raw material preheater and a transmission pipeline; the light-concentrating heat supply system consists of a simulated solar light source for light concentration, an observation window and a protective partition, providing heat source for the reaction in the form of light energy, with adjustable light source intensity and irradiation area; the pyrolysis reaction system consists of a pressure-resistant reaction kettle, a quartz crucible, a pressure gauge and a thermocouple; the product transmission system consists of multiple two-way valves, a steel pipeline and a heat-insulating asbestos net; the condensation separation system consists of two serially-connected condensation tanks and a low-temperature coolant circulation pump, and the pyrolysis products are collected in the condensation tanks after double-stage condensation, and the low-temperature coolant circulation pump controls the condensation temperature to achieve directional collection of products in different boiling point ranges; the pyrolysis gas collection system consists of a dryer, a throttle valve and an air bag, which is used to collect the condensed gas; the experimental gas path and the protective gas path are in parallel and then connected to the raw material preheater, the automatic sampler is also connected to the raw material preheater via a one-way valve, the raw material preheater is then connected to the pressure-resistant reaction kettle, the outlet of the reaction kettle is connected to two serially-connected condensation tanks, and the outlet of the condensation tank is connected to the air bag via a dryer.

2. The integrated pyrolysis-separation device for waste automobile organic residues based on a concentrated solar heat source according to claim 1, wherein Two-way safety valves and flow controllers are provided on both the experimental gas path and the protective gas path.

3. The pyrolysis-separation integrated device for waste automobile organic residues based on concentrated solar heat source according to claim 1, characterized in that, The automatic sampler is an injection sampler or a screw sampler.

4. The pyrolysis-separation integrated device for waste automobile organic residues based on a concentrated solar heat source according to claim 1, wherein Heating jackets and heat-insulating devices are provided on the transmission pipelines between the outlet of the raw material preheater and the inlet of the pressure-resistant reaction kettle and between the outlet of the pressure-resistant reaction kettle and the condensation tank.

5. The integrated pyrolysis-separation device for waste automobile organic residues based on a concentrated solar heat source according to claim 1, wherein A filter screen is provided at the top outlet of the pressure-resistant reaction kettle; the condensers and the dryer are placed on a weighing device.

6. The integrated pyrolysis-separation device for waste automobile organic residues based on a concentrating solar heat source according to claim 1, wherein, The organic residues from scrapped automobiles include waste tires, and also include waste sponges or waste leather.

7. An integrated pyrolysis-separation method for organic residues from scrapped vehicles based on a concentrated solar heat source, characterized in that, Using the integrated device for pyrolysis-separation of organic residues from scrapped automobiles based on a light-concentrating solar heat source described in claim 1, it includes the following steps: (1) Mix the waste tires obtained by disassembling and sorting scrapped automobiles with waste sponges or waste leather according to a certain mass ratio, and then send them into the quartz crucible in the pressure-resistant reaction kettle via an automatic feeder. Open the protective gas path, fill it with protective gas to 0.5 MPa and then close the valve. Open the simulated solar light source for light concentration to make the light source intensity meet the preset energy flux density, and then heat the reactants in the form of light energy. Start timing after reaching the set temperature until the reaction is completed; the pyrolysis reaction temperature is 300 - 800 °C, and the reaction time is 0.5 - 2 h. (2) After the reaction is completed, turn off the light source, open the outlet valve of the pressure-resistant reaction kettle and introduce a purge gas at a certain flow rate, collect the liquid-phase products at the preset condensation temperature, and collect the gas-phase products using an air bag, and calculate the mass of the solid-phase products by the difference method.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein In step (1), the particle size of the waste tires, waste sponges or waste leather is 100 mesh; in step (1), the mass ratio of the waste tires to the waste sponges or waste leather is 1:0.5 - 5.

9. The method according to claim 7, wherein The protective gas and the purging gas are one of nitrogen, helium, and argon; the energy flux density of the concentrated solar simulation light source is 500 - 1500 KW / m 2 .

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step (2), the purge gas flow rate is 100 - 200 mL / min; in step (2), the preset condensation temperature is -10 - 5 °C.

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