On-site testing device and method for tunnel drainage performance

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of tunnel technology, and specifically relates to an on-site testing device and method for tunnel drainage performance. The on-site testing device includes a sealing ring laid between the primary support and the waterproof layer. The sealing ring is laid on the surface of the primary support, thereby forming a closed space between the waterproof layer and the primary support. An injection pipe and a drainage pipe are arranged between the primary support and the waterproof layer. Water is injected into the closed space through the injection pipe and then discharged through the drainage pipe. The present invention enables on-site testing of tunnel drainage performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunnels, and in particular relates to an on-site testing device and a on-site testing method for tunnel drainage performance. Background Art

[0002] Tunnels are engineering structures buried in the ground, representing a form of human utilization of underground space. In existing technologies, tunnels typically consist of primary support, geotextiles, a waterproof layer, and a secondary lining. The waterproof layer is a crucial component in ensuring the waterproof and drainage performance of tunnels. While experimental devices exist for testing the waterproof and drainage performance of waterproof layers, these devices can only simulate tunnel environments and are significantly different from actual tunnel conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In response to the technical problems described above, the present invention aims to provide an on-site testing device for tunnel drainage performance, which can perform tunnel drainage performance testing on-site in the tunnel.

[0004] The present invention also proposes a field testing method for tunnel drainage performance, which can perform tunnel drainage performance testing on-site in the tunnel.

[0005] According to the present invention, a field testing device for tunnel drainage performance is provided. The tunnel includes primary support, geotextile, waterproof layer, and secondary lining arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside. The field testing device includes:

[0006] A sealing ring is laid between the initial support and the waterproof layer, and a position for the sealing ring is reserved on the geotextile, so that the inner and outer sides of the sealing ring are sealedly connected to the waterproof layer and the initial support respectively, thereby forming a closed space between the waterproof layer and the initial support.

[0007] A water injection pipe and a drainage pipe are arranged between the initial support and the waterproof layer. Water is injected into the closed space through the water injection pipe, and then the water is discharged through the drainage pipe.

[0008] Furthermore, the sealing ring is arranged within a half side range of the tunnel.

[0009] Furthermore, the drainage pipe includes a drainage section arranged in the enclosed space, and the water injection pipe includes a water injection section arranged in the enclosed space. The drainage section and the water injection section are both arranged along the length direction of the tunnel, and the water injection section is arranged above the drainage section.

[0010] Furthermore, a plurality of drainage holes are evenly arranged along the axial direction on the drainage section, and a plurality of water injection holes are evenly arranged along the axial direction on the water injection section.

[0011] Furthermore, the water injection pipe is arranged at the vault position of the tunnel.

[0012] Furthermore, the water injection pipe also includes a connecting pipe connected to the end of the water injection section, and the connecting pipe extends downward to the tunnel arch foot.

[0013] Furthermore, the waterproof layer includes a drainage board or a waterproof board, the drainage board and the sealing ring are fixedly connected by nailing, and sealant is applied at the nailing positions, and the waterproof board is directly fitted to the sealing ring.

[0014] Furthermore, the sealing ring includes water-swelling rubber, a cement leveling layer is provided on the surface of the initial support, and the water-swelling rubber is provided on the cement leveling layer.

[0015] Furthermore, a plurality of water pressure gauges are sequentially arranged along the height direction between the initial support and the waterproof layer.

[0016] According to the present invention, there is also provided a field testing method for tunnel drainage performance, using the field testing device of the present invention.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this application are as follows.

[0018] This system is deployed on-site in a tunnel, enabling performance testing of drainage and waterproofing in a real tunnel. A water injection pipe and a drainage pipe are installed between the initial support and the waterproof layer to test the drainage and waterproofing properties of the waterproof layer. Furthermore, a sealing ring is provided. The sealing ring, initial support, and waterproof layer together form a closed space. The water injection pipe injects water into this closed space to test the waterproofing and drainage performance of the waterproof layer, after which the water is discharged through the drainage pipe. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing a first embodiment of a field testing device for tunnel drainage performance according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a tunnel cross section showing a field test device for tunnel drainage performance according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing a second embodiment of a field testing device for tunnel drainage performance according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing a third embodiment of a field testing device for tunnel drainage performance according to the present invention.

[0024] In the figure: 1. Initial support; 2. Waterproof layer; 3. Sealing ring; 4. Water injection pipe; 41. Water injection section; 42. Connecting pipe; 44. Water injection port; 5. Drain pipe; 51. Drain section; 53. Drain port; 6. Water pressure gauge; 7. Secondary lining; 10. Enclosed space; 100. On-site testing device.

[0025] In this application, all drawings are schematic drawings, which are only used to illustrate the principles of the present invention and are not drawn to scale. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] It should be noted that, in this application, the direction close to the tunnel vault according to the present invention is described as "upper", "top" or similar terms, i.e. Figure 1 The direction near the tunnel arch foot is described as "below", "bottom" or similar terms, i.e. Figure 1 Meanwhile, according to the present invention, directions closer to the tunnel center are described as "inner" or similar terms, while directions away from the tunnel center are described as "outer" or similar terms. These are not intended to limit the absolute positions of the components involved and may vary depending on the specific situation.

[0028] The field testing device 100 of the present invention is used within a tunnel to test its waterproofing and drainage performance. The tunnel comprises, from the outside in, primary support 1, geotextile, waterproof layer 2, and secondary lining. The specific structure of the tunnel is conventional and will not be detailed here.

[0029] Figure 1 The structure of the field test device 100 according to the present invention is shown. In this embodiment, the field test device 100 is set within the range of half of the tunnel, that is, from the cross-section of the tunnel, the vertical line passing through the tunnel vault divides the tunnel into two equal parts that are symmetrical on the left and right, and the field test device 100 is set in either part. Figure 1 For the sake of clarity, Figure 1 Only half of the tunnel is shown, and only the secondary lining 7 and waterproofing layer 2 of the tunnel are displayed.

[0030] Example 1:

[0031] According to the present invention, the field testing device 100 includes a sealing ring 3 laid between the initial support 1 and the waterproof layer 2. Specifically, the sealing ring 3 is a closed ring, forming a closed space 10 between the initial support 1, the waterproof layer 2, and the sealing ring 3. The inner and outer sides of the closed space 10 are the waterproof layer 2 and the initial support 1, respectively, and are sealed on all sides by the sealing ring 3, thereby limiting the closed space 10 to a test area. As will be readily understood, a geotextile is similarly laid between the initial support 1 and the waterproof layer 2, with a location reserved on the geotextile for the sealing ring 3, thereby avoiding the sealing ring 3. Specifically, after laying the geotextile on the initial support 1, the geotextile corresponding to the location where the sealing ring 3 is to be placed can be cut away. Alternatively, the geotextile corresponding to the location of the sealing ring 3 can be cut away before laying the geotextile. After cutting the geotextile, the inner and outer sides of the sealing ring 3 can be directly and sealedly connected to the waterproof layer 2 and the initial support 1, respectively, thereby allowing the sealing ring 3 to enclose the closed space 10 between the initial support 1 and the waterproof layer 2, forming a well-sealed closed space 10.

[0032] In a specific embodiment, the sealing ring 3 includes water-swelling rubber, that is, the sealing ring 3 can be made of water-swelling rubber material. In order to make the water-swelling rubber sealable on the surface of the initial support 1,

[0033] A cement leveling layer is provided on the surface of the initial support 1, and water-swelling rubber is laid on the cement leveling layer. Furthermore, the waterproof layer 2 includes a drainage board or waterproof sheet, both of which are conventional. The waterproof sheet has a smooth and flat surface, enabling it to form a sealed connection with the water-swelling rubber by laminating. The surface of the drainage board is uneven, and to ensure a sealed connection between the drainage board and the sealing ring, this embodiment secures the drainage board and the sealing ring 3 with nails, and applies sealant to the nails for sealing.

[0034] A water injection pipe 4 and a drainage pipe 5 are also provided between the initial support 1 and the waterproof layer 2. Water is injected into the enclosed space 10 through the water injection pipe 4. The injected water flows from top to bottom in the enclosed space 10 to simulate the flow of groundwater and test the waterproof and drainage performance of the waterproof layer 2. The water is then discharged through the drainage pipe 5. According to the present invention, at least a portion of the water injection pipe 4 and the drainage pipe 5 are provided in the enclosed space 10, and are used to inject water into and drain water from the enclosed space 10, respectively. In this embodiment, the drainage pipe 5 includes a drainage section 51 provided in the enclosed space 10, and the water injection pipe 4 includes an injection section 41 provided in the enclosed space 10. Both the drainage section 51 and the injection section 41 are provided along the length direction of the tunnel. A plurality of drainage holes (not shown in the figure) for discharging water from the enclosed space 10 are evenly provided along the axial direction on the drainage section 51. A plurality of injection holes (not shown in the figure) for injecting water into the enclosed space 10 are evenly provided along the axial direction on the injection section 410.

[0035] The water injection section 41 is arranged above the drainage section 51 .

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the injection section 41 is located at the tunnel's arch, and the drainage section 51 is located at the tunnel's arch foot. In this configuration, water in the injection pipe 4 flows through the injection section 41, then into the enclosed space 10 from the injection holes therein. It then flows from top to bottom along the waterproof layer 2, ultimately entering the drainage section 51 through the drainage holes therein and being discharged through the drainage pipe 5. During this process, the flow rates of the injection pipe 4 and drainage pipe 5 are monitored separately. The difference in flow rates between the two pipes can be used to assess the drainage performance of the tunnel arch's waterproofing and drainage structure.

[0037] According to the present invention, multiple water pressure gauges 6 are sequentially arranged along the height direction between the primary support 1 and the waterproof layer 2 to measure the pressure changes of the water flowing within the enclosed space 10 during the test. Specifically, the water pressure gauges 6 can be pre-buried within the primary support 1. The water pressure gauges 6 use a JTM-V3000A vibrating wire pore water pressure gauge with a pressure measurement range of 0 to 1 MPa and a resolution of 0.07% FS, or 0.7 kPa. The data acquisition instrument for the water pressure gauges 6 uses a 609 frequency reading instrument. Both the water pressure gauges 6 and the data acquisition instrument are prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0038] It should be noted that the location of the water pressure gauge 6 can be changed by those skilled in the art according to actual needs, such as Figure 3 As shown, the water pressure gauge 6 can also be set at the tunnel arch foot position, and similar position changes fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the cross-sectional dimensions of the water-swellable rubber are 20 mm (thickness) * 20 mm (width), the top of the closed space 10 formed by the sealing ring 3 composed of the water-swellable rubber is located at the arch top position of the tunnel, and the bottom is located at the arch bottom position of the tunnel. The longitudinal length of the closed space 10 is 9 m.

[0040] The water injection pipe 4 is a DN32 PP-R pipe. The water injection section 41 of the water injection pipe 4 is arranged at the arch position of the tunnel. The aperture of the water injection hole set on the water injection section 41 is 10mm, and the spacing between two adjacent water injection holes is 150mm. The two ends of the water injection pipe 4 extend downward to the arch foot position of the tunnel, and pass through the waterproof layer 2 inwardly, and then pass through the secondary lining 7. Finally, the water injection ports 44 at both ends of the water injection pipe 4 are located in the channel inside the tunnel, so as to facilitate connection with the circulating pump used for water injection. A flow meter (not shown in the figure) is provided at each water injection port 44 to measure the water injection flow rate.

[0041] Drain pipe 5 is a DN100 PP-R pipe. Its drainage section 51 is located at the tunnel's arch foot. The drainage holes in section 51 are 10 mm in diameter, with a spacing of 150 mm between adjacent holes. Both ends of drain pipe 5 pass inward through waterproof layer 2 and then through the secondary lining. Finally, drain outlets 53 at both ends of drain pipe 5 are located within the tunnel's interior, facilitating connection to the circulating pump used for water injection. A flow meter (not shown) is installed at each drain outlet 53 to measure the drainage flow rate.

[0042] The flowmeters at the water inlet 44 and the drain outlet are both electromagnetic flowmeters. Due to the different pipe diameters, the flowmeter at the water inlet 44 is DN32, while the flowmeter at the drain outlet 53 is DN100. The electromagnetic flowmeter has a flow velocity measurement range of 0.1 to 15 m / s.

[0043] In this embodiment, five water pressure gauges 6 are arranged vertically on the primary support 1, with a vertical spacing of 1 meter between adjacent water pressure gauges 6. The lowest water pressure gauge 6 is located 1.5 meters above the tunnel's transverse road surface. As will be readily understood, the transverse road surface refers to the road surface within the tunnel's interior.

[0044] The field testing device 100 of the present invention is arranged between the initial support 1 and the waterproof layer 2 and mainly includes the following steps:

[0045] Before setting the water-swelling rubber on the surface of the initial support 1, it is necessary to first use cement slurry to smooth the location where the water-swelling rubber is to be installed on the initial support 1 to form a cement leveling layer (not shown in the figure). The width of the cement leveling layer is about 100 mm and the thickness is about 10 mm.

[0046] After the cement slurry solidifies, use a nail gun to fix the water-swelling rubber on the cement leveling layer of the initial support. The spacing between adjacent nails should be less than 100mm. The specific spacing can be adjusted according to the concave and convex conditions of the cement leveling layer to ensure that the water-swelling rubber fits the cement leveling layer.

[0047] Use a jackhammer to chisel a hole of the corresponding size at the location where the water pressure gauge 6 needs to be installed on the initial support 1, wrap the water pressure gauge 6 with geotextile, and install the water pressure gauge 6 in the hole chiseled by the jackhammer, and then use a nail gun to fix the water pressure gauge 6 wrapped with geotextile to the initial support 1;

[0048] Place the water injection pipe 4 and the drainage pipe 5 on the initial support 1, and use sealant to seal the gaps between the water-swelling rubber and the wires of the water pressure gauge 6, the water injection pipe 4 and the drainage pipe 5;

[0049] The geotextile and the waterproof layer 2 are sequentially laid on the primary support 1, while the portion of the geotextile overlapping the water-swelling rubber is cut off, so that the geotextile avoids the water-swelling rubber and allows the water-swelling rubber to directly contact the waterproof layer, preventing the geotextile from affecting the seal and ensuring the airtightness of the enclosed space 10;

[0050] Use sealant to seal the gaps between the waterproof layer and the water injection pipe 4 and the drainage pipe 5;

[0051] Waterproof layer 2 is constructed of a drainage board or waterproof sheet. If waterproof layer 2 is a drainage board, use a nail gun to penetrate the convex portion of the board and secure it to the water-swelling rubber. Place adjacent nails 10-15 cm apart. Apply sealant to the penetrated areas. If waterproof layer 2 is a waterproof sheet, seal it directly to the water-swelling rubber.

[0052] The field test method for tunnel drainage performance using the present invention is as follows. Water is injected into the water injection pipe 4 through a circulating pump, so that the water flows down from the arch position, passes through the closed space 10 between the initial support 1 and the waterproof layer 2, and is finally discharged from the drainage pipe 5. In this process, the flow meter at the water injection port 44 of the water injection pipe 4 and the flow meter at the drainage port 53 of the drainage pipe 5 are observed, and the drainage performance of the tunnel is judged by the difference in flow rate between water injection and drainage. Under the set water injection flow rate, if the drainage flow rate is small, the water pressure is high, and water injection is difficult, it means that the drainage effect is poor. If the drainage flow rate is large and the water pressure is low, it means that the drainage effect is good. The specific judgment criteria are not the technical points of the present invention and will not be repeated here.

[0053] The present invention can also be used to measure the waterproof performance of a tunnel. With the drainage pipe 5 blocked, a circulating pump is used to inject water into the enclosed space 10 through the water injection pipe 4. Under a certain water pressure, the waterproof performance of the tunnel can be determined by observing whether the secondary lining in the channel is leaking.

[0054] Example 2:

[0055] In this embodiment, if Figure 3 As shown, the water injection pipe 4 also includes a connecting pipe 42 connected to the end of the water injection section 41. The connecting pipe 42 extends longitudinally out of the sealing ring 3 and then extends downward to the arch foot, and then extends inward to pass through the waterproof layer 2 and the secondary lining 7, so that the lower end of the connecting pipe 42 is flush with the drainage pipe 5. The difference between Example 1 and Example 2 is that the water injection pipe 4 in Example 1 is in the enclosed space 10, and the end of the water injection pipe 4 extends directly from the enclosed space 10 to the inside, and then passes through the waterproof layer 2 and the secondary lining in sequence, and finally reaches the tunnel passage. The connecting pipes 42 at both ends of the water injection pipe 4 in Example 2 first extend longitudinally out of the enclosed space 10, then extend downward to the tunnel arch foot, and then extend inward, pass through the waterproof layer 2 and the secondary lining 7 in sequence, and finally reach the tunnel passage.

[0056] In the arrangement of the water injection pipe 4 of the first embodiment, the water injection pipe 4 extends inward from the enclosed space 10 and passes through the waterproof layer 2. In this arrangement, the connecting pipe 42 of the water injection pipe 4 needs to first extend from the arch top to the arch foot in the enclosed space 10, and then extend inward through the waterproof layer 2.

[0057] The installation of pipes within enclosed space 10 affects the structure between the original waterproof layer 2 and the initial support 1, increasing the gap. Furthermore, the section of connecting pipe 42 extending from the tunnel vault to the tunnel vault aligns with the direction of water flow, thus affecting testing within enclosed space 10.

[0058] In the arrangement of the water injection pipe 4 of Example 2, the water injection pipe 4 first extends longitudinally from the enclosed space 10, then extends downward to the tunnel arch foot, and then extends inward through the waterproof layer 2 and the secondary lining 7. Through this arrangement, the connecting pipe 42 of the water injection pipe 4 is arranged outside the enclosed space 10, reducing the number of pipes installed inside the enclosed space 10, thereby fundamentally solving the problem of the gap between the connecting pipe 42 and the waterproof layer 2 and the initial support 1 affecting the test.

[0059] The number of connecting pipes 42 in the second embodiment can be set according to actual needs. In this embodiment, two connecting pipes 42 are respectively provided at both ends of the water injection section 41 of the water injection pipe 4. It is easy to understand that the number of connecting pipes 42 is not limited to the arrangement of this embodiment.

[0060] The diameter of each pipeline in the second embodiment can be changed according to actual needs. Other settings are the same as those in the first embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0061] Example 3:

[0062] In this embodiment, if Figure 4 As shown, the longitudinal length of the enclosed space 10 is 2.5 m. One end of the water injection pipe 4 and the drainage pipe 5 is configured as a blind end. That is, the water injection pipe 4 of this embodiment is provided with a water injection port 44, and the drainage pipe 5 is provided with a drainage port 53. The other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0063] In this embodiment, since the longitudinal length of the enclosed space 10 is smaller than that of the enclosed space in the first embodiment, the sealing effect of the third embodiment is better than that of the first embodiment, and the third embodiment focuses more on measuring the waterproof performance of the tunnel.

[0064] In the description of the present invention, "longitudinal direction" refers to the length direction of the tunnel.

[0065] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features.

[0066] Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly defined.

[0067] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integral connection; mechanical connection or electrical connection; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0068] In the description of this specification, reference is made to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples",

[0069] The phrases "specific examples" or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with that embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may be modified or that some of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A field test device for tunnel drainage performance, wherein the tunnel comprises primary support, geotextile, waterproof layer and secondary lining arranged in sequence from outside to inside, characterized in that: The field testing device comprises: A sealing ring is laid between the initial support and the waterproof layer, and a position for the sealing ring is reserved on the geotextile, so that the inner and outer sides of the sealing ring are sealedly connected to the waterproof layer and the initial support respectively, thereby forming a closed space between the waterproof layer and the initial support. The sealing ring is arranged within the half side range of the tunnel. An injection pipe and a drainage pipe are arranged between the initial support and the waterproof layer. Water is injected into the enclosed space through the injection pipe, and then the water is discharged through the drainage pipe. The drainage pipe includes a drainage section arranged in the enclosed space, and the injection pipe includes an injection section arranged in the enclosed space. The drainage section and the injection section are both arranged along the length direction of the tunnel. The injection section is arranged above the drainage section, and the injection pipe is arranged at the arch position of the tunnel.

2. The on-site testing device for tunnel drainage performance according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of drainage holes are evenly arranged on the drainage section along the axial direction, and a plurality of water injection holes are evenly arranged on the water injection section along the axial direction.

3. The on-site testing device for tunnel drainage performance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water injection pipe further comprises a connecting pipe connected to the end of the water injection section, and the connecting pipe extends downward to the tunnel arch foot.

4. The on-site testing device for tunnel drainage performance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waterproof layer includes a drainage board or a waterproof board, The anti-drainage plate and the sealing ring are fixedly connected by nails, and sealant is applied at the nails. The waterproof plate is directly attached to the sealing ring.

5. The on-site testing device for tunnel drainage performance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing ring includes water-swelling rubber, a cement leveling layer is provided on the surface of the initial support, and the water-swelling rubber is provided on the cement leveling layer.

6. The on-site testing device for tunnel drainage performance according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of water pressure gauges are sequentially arranged along the height direction between the initial support and the waterproof layer.

7. A field test method for tunnel drainage performance, characterized in that: Use the on-site testing device according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

Images