A method for planting slopes suitable for mechanized operation in hilly and mountainous areas

Abstract

The invention relates to a slope planting method suitable for mechanized operation in hilly and mountainous areas. On a mountain body where suitable crops are planned to be planted, terraces of suitable width are excavated at certain intervals of slope contour lines, the terraces are used as mechanized farming roads for mechanical operation, and crops are planted in the slope between two adjacent mechanized farming roads (terraces). Mechanized operations in various links such as sowing and planting, soil management and fertilization, pest and disease prevention and control, pruning, harvesting, etc. of crop production are carried out relying on the mechanized farming roads, so as to solve the long-standing problems of inconvenience of mechanized operation, low mechanization rate, high labor cost, aging and shortage of labor force, etc. in the current crop planting in hilly and mountainous areas, and can significantly reduce the damage to the mountain terrain and soil erosion, promote the production development in hilly and mountainous areas, and increase farmers' income.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a mechanized slope planting method suitable for hilly and mountainous areas. Background Art

[0002] Hilly and mountainous areas in my country account for about 43% of the country's land area. The cultivated land area in hilly and mountainous counties accounts for 34.62% of the country's cultivated land area and the sown area accounts for 34.20%. They occupy an important and unique position in agricultural production, especially in the production of cash crops, which is one of the pillar industries for rural revitalization in hilly and mountainous areas. The state and local governments at all levels have always attached great importance to the production of crops in hilly and mountainous areas, and have issued a series of normative standards and procedures. Taking the tea industry, which contributes more than 99% of the output in hilly and mountainous areas, as an example, the state and local governments have issued the Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China " "Technical Regulations for Tea Production" (NY / T5018-2015), Yunnan Province's "Technical Regulations for Pu'er Tea Production" (DB53 / T172-2006), Zhejiang Province's "Technical Specifications for Tea Safe Production and Planting" (DB33 / T675-2008), Henan Province's "Technical Regulations for Clean Production of Xinyang Maojian Tea" (DB41 / T715-2012), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region's "Technical Regulations for Slope Cultivation in Mountain Tea Gardens" (DB45 / T1387-2016), etc., but overall, these regulations and specifications basically focus on stipulating various production links and steps from the aspects of agronomy and agricultural materials, and there are few explanations or specifications on how to take into account the application of machinery in various operation links such as site planning, crop planting, soil management and fertilization, pest and disease control, crop pruning, picking and collection. For example, the Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China, "Technical Regulations for Tea Production" (NY / T5018-2015), only mentions in general terms in 4.2.1 that "straight planting in flat tea gardens and horizontal planting in sloping tea gardens; planting in single-row or double-row strips to meet the requirements of field machinery operation", and 8.4 talks about "mechanical tea picking"; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region's "Technical Regulations for Slope Cultivation in Mountain Tea Gardens" (DB45 / T1387-2016) promotes the planting mode of "no terraces, digging planting trenches along the slope contours", which is good for reducing soil erosion and maintaining soil fertility without changing the mountain terrain, but it is difficult for machinery to enter the field. "Methods for Mechanized Land Management in Hilly and Mountainous Areas" published by Application Publication No. CN109168394 A advocates pushing and digging small plots of soil into large plots to accommodate medium and large-scale machinery operations, but the renovation project is large and costly, and the damage to the mountain is serious, and it is limited to the improvement of fields with a slope of less than 25°. Due to the restrictions of the basic farmland protection policy and the characteristics of the growing environment, the newly developed cultivated gardens in hilly and mountainous areas are mostly located in mountains and ridges. The slope of the gardens often exceeds 30°, and there are many local areas that reach 40°. If large terraces are used for planting, the terrace walls are too high and often collapse and landslides occur, causing soil erosion and easy damage to the gardens. Therefore, farmers tend to use manpower to dig narrow terraces for planting, and the conditions for subsequent mechanical operations are even more insufficient. These factors objectively affect market expectations, resulting in low enthusiasm of agricultural machinery research and development companies to develop machinery suitable for hilly and mountainous operations, resulting in a small number of machinery suitable for hilly and mountainous operations and poor adaptability.In short, at present, crop planting in hilly and mountainous areas generally has the problem of inconvenient mechanical operation due to the insufficient integration of agronomy and agricultural machinery. The mechanization rate is low, the labor cost is high, and the labor force is aging and short. The labor expenditure in hilly and mountainous areas accounts for an increasingly heavy proportion, and the market competition pressure is high. It is urgent to explore and improve the production and planting technology that organically combines agronomy and agricultural machinery, improve the management efficiency of hilly and mountainous parks, and promote the standardized development of the industry. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for mechanized slope planting in hilly and mountainous areas that is easy to use for agricultural machinery and can significantly reduce damage to mountain terrain and soil erosion, promote production development in hilly and mountainous areas, and increase farmers' income.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a hilly mountain slope planting method suitable for mechanized operation comprises the following steps:

[0005] (1) On a mountain where it is planned to plant crops, several terraces with high outside and low inside are excavated along the contour lines of the mountain to serve as mechanized farming roads for agricultural machinery operations;

[0006] (2) Planting crops on the slope between the two adjacent mechanized farming roads in step (1), and using the mechanized farming roads to carry out mechanized operations in field management such as sowing and planting, soil management, fertilization management, pest and disease control, and harvesting.

[0007] Furthermore, in the step (1), the width of the mechanized farming road is 0.8 to 1.2 m, and the height difference between the outermost and innermost sides of the mechanized farming road is 4 to 8 cm.

[0008] Furthermore, in step (2), the width of the slope is between 1.2 and 2.0 m.

[0009] Furthermore, in the step (2), main roads and branch roads are constructed on the slope for the operation machinery to enter or to transport the operation machinery to the location, and no trails are opened in the operation area.

[0010] Furthermore, the crops planted in the slope in step (2) are economic crops.

[0011] Furthermore, in the step (2), when planting tea trees in the slope, the width of the tractor road is set to 1 m, the width of the slope is set to 1.2 m, and the trees are planted in 3 rows, with a slope row spacing of 0.35 m and a cluster spacing of 0.33 m.

[0012] Furthermore, before planting crops in step (2), creeping orchids, mosses and bahia grass are first planted between the terrace walls between the mechanized farming road and the slope of the mountain to prevent the terrace walls from collapsing; the terrace walls are planted with mosses, creeping orchids and bahia grass in sequence from bottom to top.

[0013] Furthermore, the moss is black moss, large golden moss or large gray moss; the planting height of the moss is 10 to 15 cm; the planting height ratio of the creeping orchid and bahia grass is: creeping orchid: bahia grass = 1:1.2 to 1:1.5.

[0014] Furthermore, after planting the crop seedlings in step (2), a layer of dry rice straw with a thickness of 4 to 5 cm is covered on the open space on the slope, and then a ground cloth is covered on the rice straw to reduce soil erosion in the mountains and block the germination of weeds.

[0015] Furthermore, after removing the ground cloth covering the straw in step (2), Dichondratieff is planted on the ground of the slope to reduce soil erosion in the mountainous area.

[0016] The present invention discloses a method for planting on a hilly mountainous area suitable for mechanized operation. In the hilly mountainous area where crops are planned to be planted, main roads and branch roads that are convenient for transportation and self-propelled machinery are pre-built to remove weeds, stones, large tree roots and other debris from the mountainous area. Starting from the top of the mountain, a garden management machine or a small excavator with a digging and road-opening function is used to dig a high-outer-low-inner terraced surface from top to bottom along the branch road along the contour line of the slope, which serves as a mechanized farming road for garden farming machinery to operate. The length of the mechanized farming road is determined according to the planned garden branch road interval or the geographical shape of the hillside, and the width is based on the safe passage requirements for farming machinery used in various links of the park production. For land, farming machinery should be miniaturized to reduce the width of the mechanized farming road, and the width should be controlled within 0.8-1.2 meters; when necessary, leave an appropriate field road at the head of the road; relying on the mechanized farming road, use the equipment that matches the operating machinery to dig planting ditches in the slope according to planting specifications and requirements, use the operating machinery to transport base fertilizer and seedlings (seeds) and apply them according to regulations, and complete crop planting with manual assistance; relying on the mechanized farming road, according to the horticultural process of crop production, use the equipment that matches the operating machinery or dedicated machinery to carry out mechanized operations in various aspects of field management such as soil management and fertilization in hilly and mountainous areas, pest and weed control, crop pruning, picking and collection.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] 1. It provides a solution to the problems of low mechanization rate and poor mechanical operation conditions caused by insufficient integration of agronomy and agricultural machinery in the current hilly and mountainous crop production. It is conducive to the standardized construction of hilly and mountainous production parks, promotes the standardization of park management, and also provides a guideline for the research and development, manufacturing, supporting, purchase subsidies, and promotion and application of hilly and mountainous operation machinery.

[0019] 2. It balances the contradiction between promoting mechanized operation and reducing soil erosion, which is beneficial to mountainous and hilly agricultural parks. ofLong-term operation improves the enthusiasm for the use of machinery. Theoretically, when planting crops on a hillside with a height of 100 meters, the planting area is basically the same when digging a 2-meter-wide terrace and digging a 1-meter-wide mechanized farming road on a 1.2-meter-wide slope. When the slope is 30°, the planting area is basically the same, but the terrace wall is about 1.2 meters and 0.6 meters respectively. When the slope is 40°, the terrace planting area is smaller than the slope planting area, and the terrace wall is about 1.7 meters and 0.8 meters respectively. Obviously, in hilly and mountainous gardens, compared with planting on a large terrace flat land to meet the needs of medium and large-scale machinery operations, the terrace wall is about half as low as planting on the slope, which can significantly reduce the damage to the mountain terrain and soil erosion.

[0020] 3. Planting crops in the slopes, with the original soil of the slope as the foundation, has better slope protection and soil consolidation effects. At the same time, the excavated topsoil is basically retained in the slopes, which can better preserve the fertility of the soil. The mechanized farming road is easy to lay and manage, and it becomes easier to install a water-fertilizer integrated irrigation system. In particular, by utilizing the relatively suitable height difference between the slope and the mechanized farming road, the opening and closing of the covering ground cloth (film) is easy to operate, and it is more convenient to operate the trunks, roots and ground, weed, loosen the soil, fertilize, control pests and diseases, and maintain and manage the park facilities. It better overcomes the disadvantages of difficult observation of roots, inconvenient farming, easy damage to trunks, and insufficient control of leaf pests and diseases during mechanical operation, providing better conditions for mechanization promotion.

[0021] 4. Relying on mechanized farming roads to realize mechanical operations and improve labor efficiency can effectively alleviate the predicament faced by mountain tea gardens, such as high labor intensity, high labor costs, and aging and shortage of labor, improve the timeliness of field management, increase crop production and farmers' income, and promote the orderly and long-term development of the park.

[0022] The invention discloses a mechanized slope planting method for hilly mountainous areas. The method comprises the following steps: planting creeping orchids, mosses and bahia grass between the terrace wall between the mechanized farming road of the mountain body and the terrace wall of the slope, so as to effectively prevent the terrace wall from collapsing and effectively reduce the maintenance amount of the terrace wall in the rainy season. After planting the crop seedlings, the slope is first covered with a layer of dry rice straw with a thickness of 4 to 5 cm, and then a ground cloth is covered on the rice straw, so as to reduce soil erosion in the mountainous area and block the germination of weeds. After removing the ground cloth covering the rice straw, planting horsetail on the ground of the slope can further reduce soil erosion in the mountainous area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the mountain slope and the tractor road is provided; the numbers in the figure are: 1 is the slope, 2 is the tractor road, and 3 is the terrace wall;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of slope tea trees;

[0025] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of ladder wall height comparison. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following embodiments may help those skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention, but shall not limit the present invention in any way.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] A method for mechanized slope planting in hilly and mountainous areas, which is used in mountain citrus orchards where citrus trees with a planned height of about 2 meters and a slope of about 30° are planted. The crawler-type mountain integrated farmland management machine with a total chassis width of 0.8 meters and functions of opening roads (steps), digging holes, weeding, fertilizing (water), loosening soil, lifting (pruning, picking), spraying, and transportation is used. The mechanized farming road width is set to 1 meter and the slope width is 2.0 meters. Carry out according to the following plan:

[0029] 1. Garden tidying up

[0030] In the mountains where citrus trees are planned to be planted, main roads and branch roads that are convenient for transportation and self-propelled machinery should be built, and mountain weeds, stones, tree roots and other debris should be cleared away.

[0031] 2. Opening of mechanized farming roads

[0032] Starting from the top of the mountain, using the mechanical excavation function, along the branch road from top to bottom, along the slope contour line, step by step, the outer high and inner low terrace surface is excavated as the mechanized farming road for the citrus orchard farming machinery operation. The length is determined by the interval between the two planned branch roads or the geographical shape of the hillside. Moss, creeping orchid, and bahia grass are planted from bottom to top on the terrace wall between the mechanized farming road and the slope of the mountain; the moss is black moss; the planting height of the moss is 10cm, that is, all mosses are planted in the terrace wall 0 to 10cm above the slope; the planting height ratio of creeping orchid and bahia grass is: creeping orchid: bahia grass = 1:1.2.

[0033] 3. Slope finishing

[0034] Starting from the second level, while excavating the tillage path, the upper slope is properly leveled to facilitate subsequent planting and other operations.

[0035] 4. Planting of seedlings

[0036] Relying on the mechanized farming road and using the digging function of the operating machinery, planting trenches are dug in the upper and lower slopes according to the planting specifications and requirements, and the base fertilizer and seedlings are transported and applied according to the regulations, and the citrus seedlings are planted with human assistance. Then a layer of dry straw with a thickness of 4cm is covered on the slope, and a ground cloth is covered on the straw; after the citrus seedlings grow up, the ground cloth covering the straw is removed, and the ground of the water chestnut is planted on the ground of the slope. The sowing amount of water chestnut seeds is 12 jin per mu.

[0037] 5. Water and fertilizer management

[0038] Relying on the mechanized farming road, use mechanical transportation of water (fertilizer) tanks, and adopt the method of continuous application along the slope from the outer edge of the mechanized farming road, and complete it slope by slope. When organic and granular fertilizers need to be applied, they can be done at the same time as weeding or pruning. Use small trenching, rotary tillage and other machines that match the machinery to dig trenches and apply, mix and cover row by row along the slope, and loosen the soil around the tree roots to promote fertilizer absorption and root development and growth. It is recommended to take advantage of the advantages of easy deployment and management along the mechanized farming road and install a water-fertilizer integrated irrigation system.

[0039] 6. Garden weeding

[0040] Weeds on the mechanized farming paths and terrace walls can be removed or utilized by using a mower (tool) or rotary tiller that is matched with the operating machinery or separately, depending on the situation; weeds in the bushes can be removed or utilized by using a small mower or rotary tiller that is matched with the operating machinery. It is especially recommended to cover the slope with ground cloth or mulch after the citrus seedlings are planted to prevent weeds from germinating, and then remove it after the citrus trees have grown into a forest in 3-5 years, which can greatly reduce the number of weeding and the workload.

[0041] 7. Pest and disease control

[0042] Relying on the mechanized farming road, when drugs are needed for pest control, use the sprayer matched with the operating machinery or a separate sprayer to spray the citrus trees on the upper and lower slopes at the same time, spray from the roots to the branches and leaves on the upper slope, and spray the crown surface of the lower slope at the same time. Usually, sticky insect boards and insect traps are set up on the roadside.

[0043] 8. Picking

[0044] Relying on the mechanized farming road, the harvester matched with the operating machinery is used for mechanized harvesting. This level of mechanized farming road picks citrus fruits from citrus trees on the upper slope.

[0045] 9. Collection and transportation

[0046] Rail conveyors are installed on the branch roads of the garden, and bulk materials such as water, fertilizer, medicine, and harvested fruits are supplied or collected on the periphery of the garden, coordinated by rail transportation.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] A slope planting method suitable for mechanized operation in hilly and mountainous areas is used in mountains with a slope of about 30° where tea is planned to be planted in new tea gardens. The total width of the chassis is 0.8 meters, and it has the function of digging and opening roads and can comprehensively perform operations such as weeding, fertilizing (watering), loosening soil, pruning, spraying, and transportation. The mechanized farming road is set to be 1 meter wide and the slope is 1.2 meters wide; planting is carried out according to the specifications of 3 rows, with a slope row spacing of 0.35 meters and a cluster spacing of 0.33 meters. Carry out according to the following plan:

[0049] 1.Tea field preparation

[0050] In the mountainous areas where tea is planned to be planted in the tea garden, main roads and branch roads that are convenient for transportation and mechanical self-propelled travel should be built, and mountain weeds, stones, tree roots and other debris should be cleared away.

[0051] 2. Opening of mechanized farming roads

[0052] Starting from the top of the mountain, use the digging function of machinery to excavate a terraced surface with high outside and low inside step by step along the branch road from top to bottom along the contour lines of the slope. This will serve as a mechanized farming road for tea garden farming machinery operations. The length is determined by the planned interval between the two branch roads or the geographical shape of the hillside.

[0053] 3. Slope finishing

[0054] Starting from the second level, while excavating the tillage path, the upper slope is properly leveled to facilitate subsequent planting and other operations.

[0055] 4. Tea tree planting

[0056] Relying on mechanized farming roads and using the digging function of operating machinery, planting ditches are excavated in the upper and lower slopes according to planting specifications and requirements, basal fertilizers and seedlings (tea seeds) are transported and placed according to regulations, and tea tree planting is completed with human assistance.

[0057] 5. Water and fertilizer management

[0058] Relying on the mechanized farming road, use mechanical transportation of water (fertilizer) tanks, and adopt the method of continuous application along the slope from the outer edge of the mechanized farming road, and complete it slope by slope. When organic and granular fertilizers need to be applied, they can be done at the same time as weeding or pruning. Use small trenching, rotary tillage and other machines that match the machinery to dig trenches and apply, mix and cover row by row along the slope, and loosen the soil around the tree roots to promote fertilizer absorption and root development and growth. It is recommended to take advantage of the advantages of easy deployment and management along the mechanized farming road and install a water-fertilizer integrated irrigation system.

[0059] 6. Weeding in tea garden

[0060] Weeds on the mechanized farming paths and terrace walls can be removed or utilized by using a mower (tool) or rotary tiller that is matched with the operating machinery or separately, depending on the situation; weeds in the bushes can be removed or utilized by using a small mower or rotary tiller that is matched with the operating machinery. It is especially recommended to cover the ground with cloth or mulch after the tea seedlings are planted to prevent weeds from germinating, and then remove it after the tea trees have grown into a forest in 3-5 years, which can greatly reduce the number of weeding times and workload.

[0061] 7. Tea Garden Pruning

[0062] Relying on the same mechanized farming road, using pruning equipment matched with the operating machinery, the crown and lower side of the tea trees on the upper slope and the upper side of the tea trees on the lower slope are pruned during the shaping period, high-yield period and aging period. The time, specifications and methods of pruning should comply with NY / T5018 and the technical specifications for the cultivation of local specialty teas, and the crown surface should maintain a slope roughly parallel to the slope.

[0063] 8. Pest and disease control

[0064] Relying on the mechanized farming road, when drugs are needed for pest control, use the sprayer matched with the operating machinery or a separate sprayer to spray the tea trees on the upper and lower slopes at the same time, spray from the roots to the branches and bottom of the tea leaves on the upper slope, and spray the crown of the lower slope at the same time. Usually, sticky insect boards and insect traps are set up on the roadside.

[0065] 9. Tea picking

[0066] Relying on the mechanized farming road, the tea picking machine matched with the operating machinery is used for mechanized picking. The mechanized farming road at this level picks the leaves on the upper slope.

[0067] 10. Fresh leaf collection

[0068] Relying on the mechanized farming road, use the operating machinery to timely transport the picked fresh leaves to the collection point of the branch road. It is recommended to install rail conveyors on the branch roads of the tea garden, and bulk materials such as water, fertilizer, medicine, and fresh leaves are supplied or collected on the periphery of the tea field, coordinated by rail transportation.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] A slope planting method suitable for mechanized operation in hilly and mountainous areas is used in the planning and reconstruction of old mountain tea gardens that were originally planted with narrow steps or along the slope. It mainly uses a small excavator with a total chassis width of 0.8 meters and a field management machine with a total chassis width of 0.8 meters that has the function of digging and opening roads and can comprehensively perform operations such as weeding, fertilizing (watering), loosening soil, pruning, spraying, and transportation. The width of the mechanized farming road is set to 1 meter, and the slope width is flexibly determined according to the original tea tree row spacing, but it should not exceed the operating width of the tea picking machine. Carry out according to the following plan:

[0071] 1.Tea field preparation

[0072] Replan, reconstruct or maintain the branch roads in old tea gardens.

[0073] 2. Opening of mechanized farming roads

[0074] According to the original tea tree planting situation, the slope width is set. Starting from the top of the mountain, excavators are used to dig and remove tea trees step by step along the branch road from top to bottom along the slope contour line. The field management machine is used to cooperate with the excavation of the outer high and inner low terrace surface, which is used as the mechanized farming road for tea garden farming machinery operation. The length is determined by the interval between the two branch roads or the geographical shape of the hillside. Mature tea trees are used to supplement the missing clusters and rows of tea and replace the older and aging tea trees. Moss, creeping orchids, and bahia grass are planted from bottom to top on the terrace wall between the mechanized farming road and the slope of the mountain; the moss is large golden moss; the planting height of the moss is 15cm, that is, all mosses are planted in the terrace wall 0 to 15cm above the slope; the planting height ratio of creeping orchids and bahia grass is: creeping orchids: bahia grass = 1:1.5.

[0075] 3. Slope finishing

[0076] After the mechanized farming road is excavated, the tea trees are transplanted and replanted in time using the integrated farmland management machine and supporting equipment. Combined with the subsequent fertilization or weeding operations, the upper slope is appropriately leveled when necessary to facilitate future tea garden field management.

[0077] The remaining operation steps are the same as those in Example 2.

[0078] Example 4

[0079] A method for planting slopes suitable for mechanized operation in hilly and mountainous areas, which is used in mountains with a slope of about 30° where dwarf star anise is planned to be planted. A farmland management machine with a total chassis width of 0.8 meters, which has the function of digging and opening roads and can comprehensively perform operations such as weeding, fertilizing (watering), loosening soil, pruning, spraying, and transportation. The mechanized farming road is set to be 1 meter wide and the slope width is 2.0 meters. Carry out according to the following plan:

[0080] 1. Garden tidying up

[0081] In the mountains where dwarf star anise is planned to be planted, main roads and branch roads that are convenient for transportation and self-propelled machinery should be built, and mountain weeds, stones, tree roots and other debris should be cleared away.

[0082] 2. Opening of mechanized farming roads

[0083] Starting from the top of the mountain, machines are used to dig terraced surfaces with high outer surfaces and low inner surfaces step by step along the slope contour lines from top to bottom along the branch roads. The mechanized farming roads for garden farming machinery operations are used. The length is determined by the interval between the two planned branch roads or the geographical shape of the hillside. Mosses, creeping orchids, and bahia grass are planted from bottom to top on the terraced walls between the mechanized farming roads and the slopes of the mountain. The mosses are large gray mosses. The planting height of the mosses is 12 cm, that is, all the mosses are planted on the terraced walls 0 to 12 cm above the slope. The planting height ratio of creeping orchids and bahia grass is: creeping orchids: bahia grass = 1:1.4.

[0084] 3. Slope finishing

[0085] Starting from the second level, while excavating the tillage path, the upper slope is properly leveled to facilitate subsequent planting and other operations.

[0086] 4. Dwarfing Star Anise Planting

[0087] Relying on the mechanized farming road, using the drilling tools matched with the operating machinery, the planting holes are excavated in the slope according to the planting specifications and requirements, the base fertilizer and seedlings are transported and applied according to the regulations, and the planting of dwarf star anise is completed with the assistance of humans. Then, a layer of dry straw with a thickness of 5cm is covered on the slope, and the ground cloth is covered on the straw; after the dwarf star anise tree grows up, the ground cloth covering the straw is removed, and the ground of the horse hoof gold is planted on the ground of the slope. The sowing amount of horse hoof gold seeds is 12 jin per mu.

[0088] The remaining operation links are the same as those in Example 1, except that different operations are performed according to different crops in the picking link.

[0089] Comparative Example 1

[0090] A method for mechanized slope planting in hilly and mountainous areas, comprising: first, changing the slope planting in Example 1 to terrace planting; second, keeping the terrace wall as it is, without planting moss, creeping orchid and bahia grass; third, after the citrus trees grow up, removing the ground cloth covering the straw, and not planting Dicentra; the remaining operation steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0091] By observing the soil loss in various planting sites in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that the soil loss in Comparative Example 1 is as high as 500 tons / km², while the soil loss in the citrus orchard planted according to the method of Example 1 is about 70 tons / km², and the soil loss in the tea garden planted according to the method of Example 2 is about 100 tons / km²; when mosses, creeping orchids, and bahia grass are planted in sequence from bottom to top on the terrace wall between the mechanized farming road and the slope of the mountain, the maintenance amount of the terrace wall in the rainy season is reduced by more than 45%; it can be seen that the present invention is a method for planting slopes suitable for mechanized operation in hilly and mountainous areas, in which main roads and branch roads that are convenient for transportation and mechanical self-propelled are pre-built in the hilly and mountainous areas where crops are planned to be planted, and mountain weeds, stones, large tree roots and other debris are cleared; starting from the top of the mountain, a garden management machine or a small excavator with a digging and road-opening function is used to dig step by step along the branch road from top to bottom along the slope contour line. The terraced surface is high on the outside and low on the inside, and serves as a mechanized farming road for garden tillage machinery. The length of the mechanized farming road is determined by the planned garden branch road interval or the geographical shape of the hillside, and the width is based on the requirements for safe passage of tillage machinery used in various production links in the park. For hilly and mountainous areas with large slopes, tillage machinery should be miniaturized to reduce the width of the mechanized farming road, and the width should be controlled within 0.8-1.2 meters. When necessary, an appropriate field road should be left at the head of the road. Relying on the mechanized farming road, use the machinery that matches the operating machinery to dig planting ditches in the slope according to planting specifications and requirements, use the operating machinery to transport basal fertilizer and seedlings (seeds) and apply them according to regulations, and complete crop planting with manual assistance. Relying on the mechanized farming road, according to the horticultural process of crop production, use the machinery that matches the operating machinery or dedicated machinery to carry out mechanized operations in various aspects of field management such as hilly and mountainous soil management and fertilization, pest and weed control, crop pruning, picking and collection.

[0092] The invention discloses a hilly and mountainous area mechanized slope planting method, which provides a solution to the problems of low mechanization rate and poor mechanized operation conditions caused by insufficient integration of agronomy and agricultural machinery in the current hilly and mountainous area crop production, is conducive to the standardized construction of hilly and mountainous area production parks, promotes the standardization of park management, and also provides a reference for the research and development, manufacturing, matching, purchase subsidies, and promotion and application of hilly and mountainous area operation machinery; it balances the contradiction between promoting mechanized operation and reducing soil erosion, and is conducive to the construction of hilly and mountainous area agricultural parks. of Long-term operation improves the enthusiasm for the application of machinery. Theoretically, when planting crops on a hillside with a height of 100 meters, the planting area is basically the same when excavating a 2-meter-wide terrace and excavating a 1-meter-wide mechanized farming road on a 1.2-meter-wide slope. When the slope is 30°, the planting area is basically the same, but the terrace walls are about 1.2 meters and 0.6 meters respectively. When the slope is 40°, the area of ​​terrace planting is less than that of slope planting, and the terrace walls are about 1.7 meters and 0.8 meters respectively. Obviously, in hilly and mountainous gardens, compared with planting on flat land with large terraces to meet mechanical operations, the terrace walls are about half as low as those of planting on slopes, which can significantly reduce the damage to the mountain terrain and soil erosion; planting crops in the slopes, with the original soil of the slope as the foundation, has a better effect of slope protection and soil consolidation. At the same time, the excavated topsoil is basically retained in the slopes, which can better preserve the fertility of the soil. The mechanized farming road is easy to lay and manage, and it becomes easy to install a water-fertilizer integrated irrigation system. In particular, the height difference between the slope and the mechanized farming road is relatively suitable, and the opening and closing of the covering cloth (film) is easy to operate, which is more convenient for operations on tree trunks, roots and the ground, weeding, loosening the soil, fertilizing, pest control and maintenance of park facilities. It better overcomes the disadvantages of difficult root observation, inconvenient farming, easy damage to tree trunks and insufficient prevention of leaf pests and diseases during mechanical operation, providing better conditions for mechanization promotion; relying on mechanized farming roads to realize mechanical operations and improve labor efficiency can effectively alleviate the high labor intensity, high labor cost and labor shortage faced by plantations in hilly and mountainous areas. The dilemma of power aging and shortage is intertwined, improving the timeliness of field management, increasing crop yields and farmers' income, and promoting the orderly and long-term development of the park; planting creeping orchids, mosses, and bahia grass between the terrace walls between the mechanized farming road and the slope of the mountain can effectively prevent the terrace walls from collapsing and effectively reduce the amount of terrace wall maintenance in the rainy season; after planting crops, first cover the slope with a layer of dry straw with a thickness of 4 to 5 cm, and then cover the straw with ground cloth, which can reduce soil erosion in the mountains and block the germination of weeds; after removing the ground cloth covering the straw, planting horseshoe gold on the ground of the slope can further reduce soil erosion in the mountains.

[0093] Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the present invention. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention all fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for mechanized slope planting in hilly and mountainous areas, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) On a mountain where it is planned to plant crops, a number of terraced surfaces with high outer sides and low inner sides are excavated along the contour lines of the mountain to serve as mechanized farming roads for agricultural machinery operations; the width of the mechanized farming roads is 0.8 to 1.2 m, and the height difference between the outermost and innermost sides of the mechanized farming roads is 4 to 8 cm; (2) Planting crops on the slope between two adjacent mechanized farming roads in step (1), with the width of the slope being 1.2 to 2.0 m, and carrying out mechanized operations in the field management process based on the mechanized farming roads, including: sowing and planting, soil management, fertilization management, pest and disease control, and harvesting; Before planting crops in step (2), creeping orchids, mosses, and bahia grass are first planted between the terrace wall between the mechanized farming road and the slope of the mountain to prevent the terrace wall from collapsing; the terrace wall is planted with mosses, creeping orchids, and bahia grass in order from bottom to top; The moss is black moss, big golden moss or big gray moss; the planting height of the moss is 10-15 cm; the planting height ratio of creeping orchid and bahia grass is: creeping orchid: bahia grass = 1:1.2-1:1.5; After planting the crop seedlings in step (2), a layer of dry rice straw with a thickness of 4 to 5 cm is covered on the open space on the slope, and then a ground cloth is covered on the rice straw to reduce soil erosion in the mountains and block the germination of weeds; After removing the ground cloth covering the straw in step (2), Dichondra chinensis is planted on the ground of the slope to reduce soil erosion in the mountain area; The planting method is suitable for hilly and mountainous areas with a slope of up to 40°.

2. A method for mechanized slope planting in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mechanized farming road described in step (1) is connected to the garden branch road for the operation machinery to enter, and no trails are opened in the operation area.

3. The method for mechanized slope planting in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The crops planted on the slope in step (2) are economic crops.

4. A method for mechanized slope planting in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 3, characterized in that: When planting tea trees in the slope in step (2), the width of the tractor road is set to 1 m, the width of the slope is set to 1.2 m, and the trees are planted in 3 rows, with a slope row spacing of 0.35 m and a cluster spacing of 0.33 m.

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