Feed for improving meat yield of channel catfish

Abstract

The present invention provides a feed for improving the meat yield of channel catfish, and the raw materials include chicken meal, enzymolysis soy protein, intestinal membrane protein powder, cottonseed protein, rice protein powder, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, wheat, soybean lecithin oil, soybean oil, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, premix, L-lysine hydrochloride, L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, antioxidant, choline chloride and functional additives. The feed of the present invention is a fish meal-free formula, in which the percentage of animal protein used can be controlled at a lower value, which has a higher cost performance than most of the same type formulas on the market. After the feed of the present invention feeds channel catfish for 20 days, the fatness, back meat yield and slice meat yield of channel catfish are significantly higher than those of ordinary commodity feeds, wherein the back meat yield is increased by 1.685% compared with ordinary commodity feeds, and the slice meat yield is increased by 2.115%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and in particular relates to a feed capable of improving the meat yield of channel catfish. Background Art

[0002] Channel catfish, scientific name: Ictalurus punctatus, is a fish of the family Ictalurus and genus Ictalurus. It is native to the North American continent from southern Canada to northern Mexico. It was introduced to my country by the Hubei Fisheries Science Research Institute in 1984. In recent years, with the obstruction of basa fish imports and the rise of the domestic pre-prepared food market, channel catfish breeding and deep processing industries have developed rapidly in my country, with an annual output of more than 400,000 tons in 2022. In particular, the rise of pre-prepared food has made deep processing one of the important directions for the circulation of channel catfish. At present, the deep processing methods of channel catfish in China mainly include back opening and slicing. The meat yield of sliced ​​channel catfish is 40-44%, and the meat yield of back opening is 86-90%. Processing plants generally require high meat yields, which is reflected in the breeding end, requiring farmers to be able to raise finished fish with thicker back meat and higher fatness. At present, in order to sell fish to processing plants for higher profits, farmers generally increase the feeding rate or use high-end feed to increase the back meat and fatness of catfish, but the improvement effect of conventional feed is not obvious. At the same time, the big belly problem caused by the high feeding rate has aggravated the losses of farmers.

[0003] The existing invention patents for channel catfish compound feed are mainly designed around reducing costs and feed ratios and ensuring health. There is no special feed specifically designed to quickly increase the thickness and fatness of the back meat of channel catfish before they are sold. Existing patents generally ensure the healthy growth of catfish by rationally matching different nutrients and adding functional ingredients, thereby ensuring that the catfish maintains a normal body shape, but they cannot effectively solve the needs of farmers to quickly increase the thickness and fatness of the back meat before selling fish. A patent discloses a feed additive for preventing channel catfish thin back disease, which improves the thin back disease of channel catfish by adding 0.05-0.15% of the additive functional package to the feed. The specific components of the additive are: 8-10 parts of selenomethionine, 8-10 parts of vitamin E acetate, 10-15 parts of vitamin C phosphate, 5-15 parts of taurine, 10-15 parts of astragalus polysaccharide and 20-35 parts of flour. This patent only targets the thin back syndrome caused by the growth performance stunted and disease resistance decreased due to the imbalance of multi-dimensional and multi-mineral ratios in the feed during the fingerling stage of catfish (100-250g), so as to ensure that the fish body is normal and not too thin, but it cannot quickly increase the back meat thickness and fatness of spotted forktail catfish at the time of release to meet the needs of the processing plant. There is also a patent that discloses a growth-promoting and stress-resistant catfish feed in the late stage of breeding, and its raw materials include by weight: 12-20 parts of cicada pupa powder, 5-16 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of buckwheat flour, 8-16 parts of walnut powder, 6-12 parts of spirulina powder, 8-16 parts of green vegetable leaves, 4-8 parts of flour, 4-12 parts of modified casein, 3-7 parts of fish oil, 0.5-1.2 parts of choline chloride, 0.5-1.2 parts of bile acid, 1-2 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.25 parts of iron sulfate, 0.3-0.65 parts of copper lysine, 0.2-0.4 parts of manganese methionine, 0.2-0.6 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.3-0.7 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.2-0.4 parts of arginine, 0.2-0.6 parts of glutamic acid, 1-2 parts of betaine, 1-3 parts of vitamins, 1-2 parts of Chinese herbal medicine, can promote growth and development, improve the stress resistance and immunity of catfish, and avoid the symptoms of congestion, lateral lodging, and large-scale death of catfish during the late stage of catfish breeding and market sales and transportation. Its large formula structure composition and the addition ratio of functional ingredients are also mainly around health and fast growth, and the thickness of back meat cannot be quickly improved and the meat yield of deep processing can not be improved. And the catfish described in it is a native species of my country, the long-snout catfish (commonly known as catfish), not an introduced alien species, the spotted catfish. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. To this end, the first aspect of the present invention provides a feed for improving the meat yield of channel catfish, which can effectively increase the back meat thickness of channel catfish and improve the meat yield.

[0005] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a feed for improving the meat yield of channel catfish.

[0006] The third aspect of the present invention provides a method for using a feed for improving the meat yield of channel catfish.

[0007] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a feed for improving the meat yield of channel catfish is provided, comprising the following raw materials: chicken meal, enzymatically hydrolyzed soy protein, intestinal membrane protein powder, cottonseed protein, rice protein powder, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, wheat, soybean lecithin oil, soybean oil, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, premix, L-lysine hydrochloride, L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, antioxidant, choline chloride, and functional additives.

[0008] In the present invention, soybean enzymatic protein and intestinal membrane protein powder are one of the keys to improve the meat yield of channel catfish. The soybean enzymatic protein has the characteristics of high protein and easy digestion and absorption, and effectively removes anti-nutritional factors, reducing their damage to the fish intestine. At the same time, a large number of small molecule peptides are produced by enzymatic hydrolysis technology, among which some small peptides with active substances have the function of improving the antioxidant capacity and immunity of the fish body and regulating blood lipid metabolism. Intestinal membrane protein powder contains a large number of small peptides and free amino acids, which can be directly absorbed and utilized by intestinal epithelial cells and converted into fish body protein, and can also effectively improve the liver and intestine health of the fish body. Through the combination of soybean enzymatic protein and intestinal membrane protein in channel catfish feed, the fish body can effectively promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients in the feed, thereby accelerating the deposition of protein in the fish body and improving the meat yield.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present invention, the feed includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6 to 10 parts of chicken meal, 15 to 20 parts of enzymatic soy protein, 2 to 3 parts of intestinal membrane protein powder, 6 to 10 parts of cottonseed protein, 6 to 10 parts of rice protein powder, 9 to 13 parts of soybean meal, 10 to 14 parts of rapeseed meal, 23 to 26 parts of wheat, 1 to 2 parts of soybean lecithin oil, 2 to 4 parts of soybean oil, 1 to 2 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 to 1.5 parts of premix, 0.2 to 0.4 parts of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.1 to 0.2 parts of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, 0.05 to 0.1 parts of antioxidant, 0.2 to 0.5 parts of choline chloride, and 0.6 to 1.3 parts of functional additives.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, the raw materials of the functional additive include bile acid, betaine and rice husk powder.

[0011] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, based on weight, every 100 parts of the functional additives include 5-10 parts of bile acid, 30-50 parts of betaine, and the rest is rice husk powder.

[0012] In the present invention, bile acid and betaine are another key factor in improving the meat yield of channel catfish. Bile acid can accelerate the fat metabolism of fish by reducing lipase and increasing lipase, thereby avoiding excessive deposition of fat in the fish; betaine can also promote the decomposition of fish fat and inhibit fat synthesis. The two are used in combination in a specific ratio in the feed, which can effectively improve the fat metabolism of channel catfish and reduce the deposition of fat in the abdominal cavity, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of channel catfish hanging belly caused by excessive abdominal fat when the fish is released, and improving the meat yield.

[0013] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the premix includes a vitamin premix, a mineral premix and a carrier.

[0014] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the carrier is selected from at least one of rice husk powder, bentonite, and zeolite powder.

[0015] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the components of the vitamin premix include: vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, biotin, folic acid, and inositol.

[0016] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the components of the mineral premix include: copper, iron, manganese, zinc, iodine, selenium, and cobalt.

[0017] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the vitamin premix in each kilogram of the premix includes the following components in international units or weights: Vitamin A: ≥600,000 IU; Vitamin D3: ≥200,000 IU; Vitamin E: ≥5000 mg; Vitamin K3: ≥500 mg; Vitamin B1: ≥1500 mg; Vitamin B2: ≥1500 mg; Vitamin B3: ≥3000 mg; Vitamin B5: ≥3500 mg; Vitamin B6: ≥600 mg; Vitamin B12: ≥3 mg; Biotin: ≥20 mg; Folic acid: ≥300 mg; Inositol: ≥20,000 mg.

[0018] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mineral premix in each kilogram of the premix comprises the following components: copper ≥400 mg; iron ≥5000 mg; manganese ≥1000 mg; zinc ≥8000 mg; iodine ≥100 mg; selenium ≥10 mg; and cobalt ≥40 mg.

[0019] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the crude protein content in the enzymatically hydrolyzed soy protein is ≥ 60%.

[0020] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the content of peptides with a molecular weight of ≤1000 Dalton in the enzymatically hydrolyzed soy protein is ≥18%.

[0021] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the acid value of the soybean lecithin oil is ≤25 (KOH) / (mg / g).

[0022] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the L-lysine hydrochloride content is ≥98.5%, and L-lysine hydrochloride with a content of ≥70% can also be used, and the amount used is converted according to the actual content of lysine.

[0023] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the antioxidant is at least one of ethoxyquinoline, formic acid, formates, propionic acid, propionates, diacetic acid, diacetates, benzoic acid, benzoates, sorbic acid, and sorbates.

[0024] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the chicken meal is pet grade chicken meal.

[0025] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the feed is a sinking granular feed or a floating expanded feed.

[0026] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing the feed according to the first aspect is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0027] (1) weighing raw materials according to the formula ratio and mixing them to obtain a mixture;

[0028] (2) The mixture is crushed, sieved, mixed, and granulated to obtain the feed for improving the meat yield of channel catfish.

[0029] In some embodiments of the present invention, the sieving in (2) is sieving through a 80-100 mesh sieve.

[0030] In some embodiments of the present invention, the granulation in (2) includes: conditioning the sieved mixture in a granulator, then puffing and granulating it, and drying it to obtain a floating puffed feed, or directly granulating the sieved mixture in a granulator to obtain a sinking granular feed.

[0031] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a method for using the feed for improving the meat yield of channel catfish according to the first aspect is provided.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present invention, the feed is fed 15 to 20 days before selling the channel catfish.

[0033] In some embodiments of the present invention, the feeding rate of the feed is 1.5% to 3.0%.

[0034] In some embodiments of the present invention, the feeding rate = daily feeding amount (kg) / daily farmed fish pond stock (kg) × 100%.

[0035] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the feeding rate of channel catfish weighing ≤0.9 kg needs to be above 2%.

[0036] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the feeding rate of channel catfish weighing more than 0.9 kg needs to be above 1.5%.

[0037] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0038] The feed of the present invention is a fish meal-free formula, in which the percentage of animal protein (chicken meal, intestinal membrane protein powder) can be controlled at a lower value, and has a higher cost performance than most similar formulas on the market. At the same time, through the combination of conventional plant raw materials, it is ensured that the nutritional elements such as protein and amino acids in the feed meet the nutritional needs of channel catfish.

[0039] The feed preparation method of the invention is simple and easy to operate and is easy to produce on a large scale.

[0040] After feeding channel catfish with the feed of the present invention for 20 days, the fatness, back-opening meat yield and slicing meat yield of the channel catfish are significantly higher than those of common commercial feeds, wherein the back-opening meat yield is increased by 1.685% and the slicing meat yield is increased by 2.115% compared with common commercial feeds. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following will be combined with the embodiments to clearly and completely describe the concept of the present invention and the technical effects produced, so as to fully understand the purpose, characteristics and effects of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] The enzymatically hydrolyzed soy protein described in the following examples was purchased from the market, with a crude protein content of 61% and a peptide content of 20% with a molecular weight of ≤1000 Daltons;

[0043] The content of L-lysine hydrochloride is 98.5%.

[0044] The functional additives are measured in parts by weight, and every 100 parts of the functional additives include 10 parts of bile acid, 50 parts of betaine, and 40 parts of rice husk powder, wherein the bile acid and betaine are purchased from the market, and the contents are 70% and 98% respectively.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] The present embodiment provides a feed formula for improving the meat yield of channel catfish, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 9 parts of pet-grade chicken meal, 15 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed soy protein, 1 part of intestinal membrane protein powder, 9 parts of cottonseed protein, 9 parts of rice protein powder, 11 parts of soybean meal, 12 parts of rapeseed meal, 25 parts of wheat, 1.5 parts of soybean lecithin oil, 3 parts of soybean oil, 1.5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5 parts of premix, 0.3 parts of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.1 parts of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, 0.1 parts of antioxidant, 0.3 parts of choline chloride, and 0.6 parts of functional additives.

[0047] This embodiment also prepares a feed containing the above formula for improving the meat yield of channel catfish, and the specific preparation process is as follows:

[0048] (1) Grind soybean meal, rapeseed meal and wheat through a 40-mesh sieve for later use;

[0049] (2) chicken meal, enzymatic soy protein, intestinal membrane protein powder, cottonseed protein, rice protein powder, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, wheat, soybean lecithin oil, soybean oil, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, premix, L-lysine hydrochloride, L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, antioxidant, choline chloride, and functional additives are weighed according to the formula ratio and mixed evenly;

[0050] (3) The mixture was ultrafinely ground through an 80-mesh sieve and then thoroughly mixed;

[0051] (4) The mixture is fully tempered in a pelletizer, then expanded and pelletized and dried to obtain a finished floating expanded feed.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] The present embodiment provides a feed formula for improving the meat yield of channel catfish, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of pet-grade chicken meal, 17 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed soy protein, 2 parts of intestinal membrane protein powder, 8 parts of cottonseed protein, 8 parts of rice protein powder, 10.7 parts of soybean meal, 12 parts of rapeseed meal, 25 parts of wheat, 1.5 parts of soybean lecithin oil, 3 parts of soybean oil, 1.5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5 parts of premix, 0.3 parts of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.1 parts of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, 0.1 parts of antioxidant, 0.3 parts of choline chloride, and 0.9 parts of functional additives.

[0054] This example also prepares a feed containing the above formula for improving the meat yield of channel catfish. The specific preparation process is carried out with reference to Example 1.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] The present embodiment provides a feed formula for improving the meat yield of channel catfish, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 7 parts of pet-grade chicken meal, 20 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed soy protein, 3 parts of intestinal membrane protein powder, 7 parts of cottonseed protein, 7 parts of rice protein powder, 9.4 parts of soybean meal, 12 parts of rapeseed meal, 25 parts of wheat, 1.5 parts of soybean lecithin oil, 3 parts of soybean oil, 1.5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5 parts of premix, 0.3 parts of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.1 parts of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, 0.1 parts of antioxidant, 0.3 parts of choline chloride, and 1.2 parts of functional additives.

[0057] This example also prepares a feed containing the above formula for improving the meat yield of channel catfish. The specific preparation process is carried out with reference to Example 1.

[0058] Test example

[0059] Two mainstream channel catfish feeds on the market and the feeds prepared in Examples 1 to 3 of the present application were used as experimental feeds. Five groups were designed, with four repeated breeding experiments in each group. The experimental feeds were respectively recorded as: market feed 1, market feed 2, example 1, example 2, and example 3.

[0060] Among them, the two mainstream channel catfish feeds on the market have the following formula compositions:

[0061] Market feed 1 formula: 4 parts of domestic fish meal, 7 parts of pet-grade chicken meal, 5 parts of cottonseed protein, 7 parts of rice protein powder, 23 parts of soybean meal, 15 parts of rapeseed meal, 23 parts of wheat, 8 parts of rice bran, 1 part of soybean lecithin oil, 3 parts of soybean oil, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1.5 parts of premix, 0.1 parts of ethoxyquinoline, 0.3 parts of choline chloride, 0.3 parts of lysine hydrochloride, and 0.3 parts of bentonite.

[0062] Market feed 2 formula: 7 parts of domestic fish meal, 4 parts of pet-grade chicken meal, 6 parts of cottonseed protein, 8 parts of rice protein powder, 20 parts of soybean meal, 12 parts of rapeseed meal, 1 part of wheat, 14 parts of rice bran, 1 part of soybean lecithin oil, 3 parts of soybean oil, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1.5 parts of premix, 0.1 parts of ethoxyquinoline, 0.3 parts of choline chloride, 0.3 parts of lysine hydrochloride, and 0.3 parts of bentonite.

[0063] The breeding experiment was carried out at the Haiou Island Haida Experimental Base in Panyu District, Guangzhou. The experimental fish were spotted catfish, which were temporarily raised in cages for one month to adapt to the cage environment and fed with commercial feed. After the temporary raising, 600 spotted catfish (average weight 670g) with strong physique, no injuries on the body surface and uniform specifications were selected and randomly distributed to 20 cages, with 30 fish in each cage. After training with commercial feed for 5 days, they were switched to experimental feed for quantitative feeding for 20 days, and the feeding rate was maintained at 1.5% to 2.0%. After the breeding experiment, the test fish were weighed and counted, and 6 fish were taken from each cage for anatomical analysis. The experimental results are shown in Table 1 below, where fatness = 100 × fish weight (g) / fish length (cm) 3 The meat yield of back opening refers to the ratio of the fish body mass after removing the internal organs and gills to the fish body weight; the meat yield of slicing refers to the ratio of the muscle weight on the left and right sides of the fish body to the body weight.

[0064] Table 1: Effects of different test feeds on the growth, body shape and meat yield of channel catfish

[0065]

[0066] Note: Data in the same row with no word or the same letters indicate no significant difference (P>0.05), and different letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

[0067] As shown in Table 1, after using the channel catfish feed of the present invention for 20 days, the fatness, back-opening meat yield and sliced ​​meat yield of the channel catfish are significantly higher than those of the market feed, wherein the back-opening meat yield is increased by 1.685% and the sliced ​​meat yield is increased by 2.115% compared with the market feed. According to this data, for every ton of channel catfish commercial fish collected and processed by the processing plant, the finished products of back-opening fish and fish fillets can be increased by 16.85kg and 21.15kg, respectively, which significantly improves the production efficiency of the processing plant.

[0068] The above is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes can be made within the knowledge of ordinary technicians in the relevant technical field without departing from the purpose of the present invention. In addition, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

Claims

1. A feed for improving the meat yield of channel catfish, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6-10 parts of chicken meal, 15-20 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed soybean protein, 2-3 parts of intestinal membrane protein powder, 6-10 parts of cottonseed protein, 6-10 parts of rice protein powder, 9-13 parts of soybean meal, 10-14 parts of rapeseed meal, 23-26 parts of wheat, 1-2 parts of soybean lecithin oil, 2-4 parts of soybean oil, 1-2 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-1.5 parts of premix, 0.2-0.4 parts of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.1-0.2 parts of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, 0.05-0.1 parts of antioxidant, 0.2-0.5 parts of choline chloride and 0.6-1.3 parts of functional additives; the raw materials of the functional additives comprise bile acid, betaine and rice husk powder; in parts by weight, every 100 parts of the functional additives comprise 5-10 parts of bile acid, 30-50 parts of betaine and the rest is rice husk powder.

2. The feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The premix includes a vitamin premix, a mineral premix and a carrier.

3. The feed according to claim 2, characterized in that The components of the vitamin premix include: vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, biotin, folic acid, and inositol; the components of the mineral premix include: copper, iron, manganese, zinc, iodine, selenium, and cobalt.

4. The feed according to claim 2, characterized in that The carrier is selected from at least one of rice husk powder, bentonite and zeolite powder.

5. The feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The crude protein content in the enzymatically hydrolyzed soybean protein is ≥60%; the content of peptides with a molecular weight of ≤1000 Dalton in the enzymatically hydrolyzed soybean protein is ≥18%.

6. A method for preparing a feed for improving the meat yield of channel catfish according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) weighing raw materials according to the formula ratio and mixing them to obtain a mixture; (2) The mixture is crushed, sieved, mixed, and granulated to obtain the feed for improving the meat yield of channel catfish.

7. A method for using the feed for improving the meat yield of channel catfish according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The feed is fed 15 to 20 days before the channel catfish are sold.

8. The method of use according to claim 7, characterized in that: The feeding rate of the feed is 1.5% to 3.0%.

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