A processing tooling for a speed reducer housing and its processing technology

Abstract

This application relates to the field of processing of the speed reducer housing, and specifically discloses a processing tooling for the speed reducer housing and its processing technology. The processing tooling for the speed reducer housing includes a base, a clamping mechanism, a pressing component, and a supporting component. A receiving groove for placing the blank of the speed reducer housing is formed on the base. The clamping mechanism is arranged on the base, and the clamping mechanism is used to restrict the axial and radial movement of the annular plate, or the clamping mechanism is used to restrict the radial movement of the annular plate. A plurality of groups of the clamping mechanisms are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular plate. The pressing component is detachably arranged on the base and is used to restrict the axial movement of the annular plate. The supporting component is arranged on the base and is used to support the end face of the annular plate. This application has the effect of improving the processing efficiency of the end face of the annular plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of reducer housing processing, and in particular to a processing tooling and its processing technology for a reducer housing. Background Art

[0002] As a housing for accommodating internal components such as gears and bearings in a reducer, a reducer housing is usually processed from castings or forgings.

[0003] In related technologies, in combination with Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the processing of a planetary gear reducer housing includes two stages: forging and machining. After forging, a blank forms a rough reducer housing part 5, which includes a first mounting post 51, an annular plate 52, and a second mounting post 53. The three are coaxial. The annular plate 52 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first mounting post 51, and the second mounting post 53 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the annular plate 52. When the rough reducer housing part 5 is processed, a finished reducer housing is formed. A first bearing hole 54, an intermediate hole 55, and a seal ring mounting hole 56 are machined in the first mounting post 51, a second bearing hole 57 is machined in the second mounting post 53, and the two end faces of the annular plate 52 are finely machined. A good coaxiality needs to be ensured between the first bearing hole 54 and the second bearing hole 57, and a good perpendicularity needs to be ensured between the axis of the first bearing hole 54 and the two end faces of the annular plate 52. When staff machine-process the rough reducer housing part, a numerical control machining center is generally used. When processing the rough reducer housing part, a processing tooling is needed to clamp the rough reducer housing part 5 to complete the processing.

[0004] Regarding the above related technologies, the inventor believes that there are the following defects: Since the processing of the first bearing hole, the second bearing hole, and the end face of the annular plate are in different processing procedures, when processing the rough reducer housing part, the processing personnel either transfer the processing of different procedures to processing machines of different procedures for processing, or use different processing toolings for different procedures when processing on the same machine, which will cause the movement of the annular plate. Since the two end faces of the annular plate need to be directly or indirectly based on the first bearing hole as the processing reference when processing, when the annular plate moves, the position of the processing reference on the machine tool moves, resulting in the need to re-find the processing reference when processing the end face of the annular plate later, and the processing efficiency of the end face of the annular plate is relatively low. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to improve the processing efficiency of the end face of the annular plate, this application provides a processing tooling and its processing technology for a reducer housing.

[0006] A processing tooling for a reducer housing provided in the first aspect of this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A processing fixture for a speed reducer housing, comprising a base, a clamping mechanism, a pressing component and a supporting component; a receiving groove for placing a blank of the speed reducer housing is formed on the base; the clamping mechanism is arranged on the base, and the clamping mechanism is used to restrict the axial and radial movement of the annular plate, or the clamping mechanism is used to restrict the radial movement of the annular plate, and a plurality of groups of the clamping mechanisms are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular plate; the pressing component is detachably arranged on the base and is used to restrict the axial movement of the annular plate; the supporting component is arranged on the base and is used to support the end face of the annular plate.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, when processing the blank of the speed reducer housing, the staff first places the blank of the speed reducer housing into the receiving groove, and the supporting component supports it with the first connecting column facing upwards. Then, the clamping mechanism is used to clamp the axial and radial directions of the annular plate, and then the upper end face and side face of the first mounting column are rough machined. Next, taking the side face of the first mounting column as the rough reference, the center of the first bearing hole is determined, and the first bearing hole is rough machined. Then, taking the first bearing hole as the reference, the drilling center is determined, and a through hole is drilled, and the through hole penetrates through the first mounting column and the second mounting column; then, the intermediate hole and the seal ring mounting hole are rough machined in sequence, and then the first bearing hole, the intermediate hole and the seal ring mounting hole are finish machined in sequence. Then, the pressing component is inserted into the through hole and installed on the base, and the pressing component is used to clamp the axial direction of the annular plate. Then, the clamping of the axial direction of the annular plate by the clamping mechanism is released, so that the clamping mechanism clamps the radial direction of the annular plate, and then, taking the first bearing hole as the reference, the end face of the annular plate is rough and finish machined in sequence;

[0009] Next, the turning operation is carried out. The clamping mechanism is used to clamp the other end face of the annular plate, and then, taking the intermediate hole as the reference, the second bearing hole is rough and finish machined in sequence. Then, the pressing component is inserted into the intermediate hole and installed on the base. Then, the clamping of the axial direction of the annular plate by the clamping mechanism is released, so that the clamping mechanism clamps the radial direction of the annular plate, and then, taking the intermediate hole as the reference, the end face of the annular plate is rough and finish machined in sequence.

[0010] To sum up, when processing the two end faces of the annular plate, the staff uses the pressing component to complete the axial clamping of the annular plate and pre-press the annular plate at the same time, and then releases the clamping action of the clamping mechanism on the annular plate. At the same time, the clamping mechanism is used to complete the radial clamping of the annular plate. During the whole process, the annular plate does not move, and the processing reference does not move. The staff does not need to re-find the processing reference, which improves the processing efficiency of the end face of the annular plate; in addition, since the processing reference does not move, the perpendicularity between the axis of the first bearing hole and the end face of the annular plate can be improved when processing the end face of the annular plate.

[0011] Optionally, the clamping mechanism includes a pull rod, a clamping jaw, a driving component and a pressing component; the pull rod is slidably connected to the base and the sliding direction intersects with the top surface of the base, the clamping jaw is rotatably and slidably connected to the top of the pull rod, the rotation axis of the clamping jaw is parallel to the end face of the annular plate, and the sliding direction of the clamping jaw is along the direction towards or away from the annular plate; the driving component is arranged on the clamping jaw to drive the side of the clamping jaw away from the annular plate to move away from or close to the base; the pressing component is arranged on the pull rod, when the pull rod moves, the pull rod drives the pressing component to clamp the first mounting post or the second mounting post, and when the pressing component clamps the first mounting post or the second mounting post, the pressing component restricts the movement of the pull rod.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, when the staff uses the clamping mechanism to clamp the rough blank of the reducer housing, the driving component is used to drive the side of the clamping jaw away from the annular plate to move away from the base, the side of the clamping jaw close to the annular plate presses the annular plate, during the process of the clamping jaw pressing the annular plate, the clamping jaw drives the pull rod to move towards the top of the base, and the pull rod drives the clamping component to clamp the second mounting post. After the clamping component clamps the second mounting post, the pull rod stops moving, and the driving part continues to drive the clamping jaw to move so that the clamping jaw presses on the annular plate; during the process of pressing the annular plate, it is possible to press the annular plate and at the same time press the second mounting post, making the clamping of the rough blank of the reducer housing more efficient and reliable.

[0013] Optionally, the clamping component includes a linkage rod and a clamping jaw; the linkage rod is fixedly connected to the pull rod, the linkage rod is slidably connected to the base and the sliding direction is parallel to the sliding direction of the pull rod; the clamping jaw is slidably connected to the base and the sliding direction is along the direction towards or away from the axis of the first mounting post, the side of the linkage rod close to the clamping jaw is inclined, the cross-sectional area of the linkage rod gradually decreases along the direction close to the clamping jaw, and the side of the clamping jaw close to the linkage rod fits with the inclined side surface of the linkage rod.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, when the staff uses the driving part to drive the clamping jaw to move, the clamping jaw drives the pull rod to move towards the top of the base, and the pull rod drives the linkage rod to move towards the top of the base. Under the abutting action of the inclined surface of the linkage rod, the clamping jaw moves close to the second mounting post. When the clamping jaw abuts on the second mounting post, the movement of the linkage rod is restricted by the clamping jaw, and then the movement of the pull rod is restricted. At this time, the driving component is continued to be used to drive the clamping jaw to press on the annular plate; because the linkage rod and the clamping jaw support abut through an inclined surface, when the linkage rod presses the clamping jaw tightly, there is a large frictional force between the clamping jaw and the linkage rod, making the pressing effect of the clamping jaw better, and during the processing, no looseness is likely to occur.

[0015] Optionally, a notch is formed on the side of the jaw away from the linkage rod. The opening direction of the notch faces the rough workpiece of the reducer housing, and the opposite side walls of the notch are arranged at a fixed angle.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, under the action of the notch, the contact area between the jaw and the reducer housing is increased, and the damage to the surface of the rough workpiece of the reducer housing by the jaw is reduced; in addition, the notch can adapt to the first connecting column and the second mounting column with different diameters.

[0017] Optionally, the pressing assembly includes a pull column and a pressing plate; one end of the pull column extends into the rough workpiece of the reducer housing and is threadedly connected to the base, and the pressing plate is anti-disengagedly connected to the other end of the pull column; the pressing plate abuts against the bottom wall of the first bearing hole or the second bearing hole.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, when the staff uses the pressing assembly to press the rough workpiece of the reducer housing, one end of the pull column is inserted into the through hole, and then the screw is turned to make the pressing plate press against the bottom wall of the first bearing hole or the second bearing hole. The structure is simple and the operation is relatively convenient and fast.

[0019] Optionally, a threaded hole is formed in the base corresponding to the position of the pull column, and a chip receiving box is slidably arranged on the base. The sliding direction of the chip receiving box is along the direction towards or away from the threaded hole.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, when the staff processes the first bearing hole, the intermediate hole and the second bearing hole, the chip receiving box is slid to be located above the threaded hole, and the iron chips generated during the processing fall into the chip receiving box. After the processing is completed, the chip receiving box is pulled out; on the one hand, the blockage of the threaded hole by the chips during the processing is reduced, and on the other hand, the cleaning of the chips is facilitated.

[0021] Optionally, a placement groove for accommodating the pull rod and the pressing plate is arranged on the base.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, when the staff does not use the pull rod and the pressing plate, the pull rod and the pressing plate are placed in the placement groove, which facilitates the storage of the pull rod and the pressing plate.

[0023] Optionally, the support assembly includes a plurality of equal-height blocks; the equal-height blocks are arranged on the base, and the plurality of equal-height blocks are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the annular plate, and the top surfaces of the plurality of equal-height blocks are flush.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the top surfaces of multiple equal-height blocks are flush. After the rough blank of the reducer housing is turned over, the multiple equal-height blocks support the end face of the already finely machined annular plate, enabling the axis direction of the middle hole to be better maintained. Furthermore, the reference is well maintained, making it easier to ensure the accuracy of the second bearing hole and the other end face of the annular plate in the later stage.

[0025] Optionally, the equal-height blocks are detachably connected to the base.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, after the equal-height blocks are worn after a period of use, the equal-height blocks can be replaced, extending the service life of the processing tooling for the reducer housing.

[0027] The processing technology for a reducer housing provided in the second aspect of the present application adopts the following technical solution:

[0028] A processing technology for a reducer housing, based on the above processing tooling for a reducer housing, includes the following steps:

[0029] S1. Blank cutting: Cut a round steel section or a square steel section of appropriate length;

[0030] S2. Blank heating: Heat the cut section to 1000°C - 1500°C to soften the blank;

[0031] S3. Die forging and heat treatment: Perform die forging on the blank to form a rough blank of the reducer housing, and perform heat treatment to reduce internal stress;

[0032] S4. Preliminary clamping: Fix the base to the workbench of the processing equipment, place the rough blank of the reducer housing into the receiving groove, pull the clamping claws so that the clamping claws abut against the annular plate, and then use the driving component to drive the clamping claws to clamp tightly on the annular plate, while the clamping jaws clamp on the second mounting post;

[0033] S5. Rough machining: Rough mill the top surface and side surface of the first mounting post, use the machined side surface of the first mounting post as a reference to determine the center of the first bearing hole, rough machine the first bearing hole, and leave a certain amount of hole diameter allowance;

[0034] Taking the roughly milled first bearing hole as a reference, determine the drilling center, drill a through hole, the through hole penetrates the first mounting post and the second mounting post, and then roughly mill the middle hole and leave a certain amount of hole diameter allowance;

[0035] Taking the roughly milled first bearing hole as a reference, determine the center of the seal ring mounting hole, rough machine the seal ring mounting hole, and leave a certain amount of hole diameter allowance;

[0036] S6. Finish machining: Finish milling the first bearing hole, and then, with the finish-milled first bearing hole as the reference, finish mill the intermediate hole and the seal ring mounting hole in sequence to ensure the coaxiality of the first bearing hole and the intermediate hole;

[0037] S7. Rough and finish machining of the end face of the annular plate: Thread-connect the pull post to the base, press the pressure plate against the bottom wall of the first bearing hole, release the pressing action of the driving component, pull the clamping jaw away from the annular plate, and make the clamping component clamp the second mounting post;

[0038] With the first bearing hole as the reference, rough and finish machine the end face of the annular plate in sequence to ensure the perpendicularity between the end face of the annular plate and the axis of the first bearing hole;

[0039] S8. Turning over: Remove the pull post, then turn over the rough blank of the reducer housing, use the clamping jaw to press the annular plate, and with the intermediate hole as the reference, rough and finish machine the second bearing hole in sequence to ensure the coaxiality of the second bearing hole and the first bearing hole, and ensure the perpendicularity between the end face of the annular plate and the axis of the first bearing hole;

[0040] Install the pull post, release the pressing action of the clamping jaw, pull the clamping jaw away from the annular plate, and make the clamping component clamp the first mounting post, and rough and finish machine the other end face of the annular plate in sequence.

[0041] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0042] 1. By providing the base, the clamping mechanism, the pressing component and the supporting component, when the staff processes the two end faces of the annular plate, while using the pressing component to complete the axial clamping of the annular plate and pre-press the annular plate, then release the clamping action of the clamping mechanism on the annular plate, and at the same time use the clamping mechanism to complete the radial clamping of the annular plate. During the whole process, the annular plate does not move, the processing reference does not move, and the staff does not need to re-find the processing reference, improving the processing efficiency of the end face of the annular plate;

[0043] 2. By providing the pull rod, the clamping jaw, the driving component and the pressing component, the staff can complete the radial clamping of the annular plate while clamping the axial direction of the annular plate, making the clamping of the rough blank of the reducer housing more efficient and reliable;

[0044] 3. By providing a plurality of equal-height blocks with their top surfaces flush, when the rough blank of the reducer housing is turned over, the plurality of equal-height blocks support the end face of the annular plate that has been finish-machined, so that the axial direction of the intermediate hole can still be well maintained, and thus the reference is well maintained, making it easier to ensure the accuracy of the second bearing hole and the other end face of the annular plate in the later stage. Description of the Drawings

[0045] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a rough blank of a reducer housing in the related art;

[0046] Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of a finished product of a speed reducer housing in the related art;

[0047] Figure 3 is a schematic overall structural view of a processing tooling for a speed reducer housing in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 4 is a schematic view of the state when processing the first bearing hole, the middle hole, and the seal ring mounting hole in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of a base in an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 6 is an exploded schematic view of the connection between a tightening assembly and a base in an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of a pressing jaw in an embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 8 is a schematic view of the state when processing the upper end surface of an annular plate in an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Figure 9 is a schematic connection view between an equal-height block and a base in an embodiment of the present application;

[0054] Figure 10 is a schematic view of the state when processing the second bearing hole in an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] Figure 11 is a schematic view of the state when processing the other end surface of the annular plate after processing the second bearing hole in an embodiment of the present application.

[0056] Reference numerals: 1, base; 11, receiving groove; 12, first sliding hole; 13, second sliding hole; 14, threaded hole; 15, chip receiving box; 16, placing groove; 2, clamping mechanism; 21, pull rod; 211, connecting rod; 22, pressing jaw; 221, long strip hole; 23, driving assembly; 231, stud; 232, top block; 233, driving rod; 24, clamping assembly; 241, linkage rod; 242, clamping jaw; 2421, notch; 3, pressing assembly; 31, pull column; 32, pressing plate; 4, supporting assembly; 41, equal-height block; 5, rough blank of speed reducer housing; 51, first mounting post; 52, annular plate; 53, second mounting post; 54, first bearing hole; 55, middle hole; 56, seal ring mounting hole; 57, second bearing hole; 58, through hole. Detailed implementation manners

[0057] The following further elaborates on the present application in conjunction with the attached Figure 3-11 drawings.

[0058] An embodiment of the present application discloses a processing tooling for a speed reducer housing and its processing technology.

[0059] Combined with Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the processing tooling for a speed reducer housing and its processing technology include a base 1, a clamping mechanism 2, a pressing component 3 and a supporting component 4; a receiving groove 11 for placing a blank part 5 of the speed reducer housing is provided in the middle of the top of the base 1, the clamping mechanism 2 is arranged on the base 1 and located in the receiving groove 11, and multiple groups of the clamping mechanism 2 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular plate 52 for restricting the axial and radial movements of the annular plate 52; the pressing component 3 is detachably arranged on the base 1 for restricting the axial movement of the first mounting post 51 or the second mounting post 53; the supporting component 4 is arranged on the base 1 for supporting the end face of the annular plate 52.

[0060] When the staff processes the blank part 5 of the speed reducer housing, the base 1 is fixedly connected to the workbench of the numerical control machining center. First, the first bearing hole 54, the middle hole 55 and the seal ring mounting hole 56 on the first mounting post 51 are processed. At this time, the annular plate 52 and the second mounting post 53 are clamped.

[0061] Combined with Figure 3 and Figure 4 , in the embodiment of the present application, two groups of the clamping mechanism 2 are provided. In other embodiments, the clamping mechanism 2 can also be set to three groups, four groups or more; specifically, the clamping mechanism 2 includes a pull rod 21, a claw 22, a driving component 23 and a clamping component 24; the pull rod 21 and the driving component 23 act together to press the claw 242 against the end face of the annular plate 52. During the movement of the claw 22, the pull rod 21 drives the clamping component 24 to clamp the second mounting post 53. When the clamping component 24 clamps the second mounting post 53, the pull rod 21 stops moving, and the driving component 23 drives the claw 22 to press the end face of the annular plate 52.

[0062] Combined with Figure 4 and Figure 5, two first sliding holes 12 are formed in the top of the base 1, and both of the two first sliding holes 12 are located on both sides of the accommodating groove 11. The extending direction of the first sliding hole 12 is in the vertical direction; the pull rod 21 is slidably connected to the base 1 along the vertical direction through the first sliding hole 12; a horizontal connecting rod 211 is fixedly connected to the top of the pull rod 21. A long strip hole 221 adapted to the connecting rod 211 is formed in the middle of the pressing claw 22. Both ends of the connecting rod 211 respectively extend out of the two ends of the long strip hole 221. The length direction of the long strip hole 221 is along the length direction of the pressing claw 22. Through the cooperation of the long strip hole 221 and the connecting rod 211, the pressing claw 22 can not only slide along the extending direction of the long strip hole 221, but also rotate around the axis of the connecting rod 211. The driving assembly 23 is arranged on the base 1 and corresponds to the side of the pressing claw 22 away from the annular plate 52. The driving assembly 23 is used to raise or lower the side of the pressing claw 22 away from the annular plate 52.

[0063] When the staff uses the pressing claw 22 to press the end face of the annular plate 52, the driving assembly 23 is used to drive the side of the pressing claw 22 away from the annular plate 52 to descend, and then one end of the pressing claw 22 is pulled along the extending direction of the long strip hole 221 to be located above the annular plate 52; next, the driving assembly 23 is used to push the side of the pressing claw 22 away from the annular plate 52 to rise. The pressing claw 22 drives the pull rod 21 to move upward through the connecting rod 211, and the connecting rod 211 drives the clamping assembly 24 to clamp the second mounting post 53. When the clamping assembly 24 clamps the second mounting post 53, the upward movement of the pull rod 21 is restricted; at this time, the driving assembly 23 continues to drive the side of the pressing claw 22 away from the annular plate 52 to rise, and the side of the pressing claw 22 close to the annular plate 52 descends until it abuts against the annular plate 52 to stop the pushing action of the driving assembly 23; when the staff releases the pressing action of the pressing claw 22, the driving assembly 23 is used to drive the side of the pressing claw 22 away from the annular plate 52 to descend, and the side of the pressing claw 22 close to the annular plate 52 rises, and the clamping action of the clamping assembly 24 is released.

[0064] Combined with Figure 4 and Figure 6, the driving assembly 23 includes a stud 231, a top block 232 and a driving rod 233; the stud 231 is located on one side of the pressing claw 22, the bottom end of the stud 231 is threadedly connected to the base 1, and two planes are provided on the side wall of the top end of the stud 231; the top block 232 is sleeved on the top end of the stud 231 on the side close to the stud 231, and the driving rod 233 is fixedly connected to the side of the top block 232 close to the pressing claw 22 and extends into the long hole 221; when the staff uses the driving assembly 23 to drive the pressing claw 22 to move, a wrench is used to turn the top end of the stud 231. When the top end of the stud 231 rises, the driving rod 233 rises, thereby driving the side of the pressing claw 22 away from the annular plate 52 to rise; when the staff turns the stud 231 in the opposite direction, the top end of the stud 231 descends, and the side of the pressing claw 22 away from the annular plate 52 descends under the action of gravity, and the pressing claw 22 presses the pull rod 21 to descend.

[0065] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, when the pressing claw 22 presses the annular plate 52, the distance from the end of the pressing claw 22 away from the annular plate 52 to the connecting rod 211 is greater than the distance from the end of the pressing claw 22 close to the annular plate 52 to the connecting rod 211; according to the lever principle, the vertical distance from the extrusion point of the driving rod 233 on the pressing claw 22 to the axis of the connecting rod 211 is greater than the vertical distance from the extrusion point of the annular plate 52 on the pressing claw 22 to the axis of the connecting rod 211, and it is more labor-saving for the staff to turn the stud 231.

[0066] In other embodiments, the driving assembly 23 may further include a cylinder and a driving rod 233. The housing of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the base 1, the output shaft of the cylinder extends and retracts in the vertical direction, and the driving rod 233 is fixedly connected to the end of the output shaft of the cylinder and extends into the long hole 221; when the output shaft of the cylinder extends, the pressing claw 22 presses the annular plate 52, and when the output shaft of the cylinder retracts, the pressing claw 22 releases the pressing on the annular plate 52.

[0067] Combined Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the clamping assembly 24 includes a linkage rod 241 and a clamping claw 242; the linkage rod 241 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the pull rod 21, and the linkage rod 241 is located in the first sliding hole 12; a second sliding hole 13 is opened at the position of the base 1 corresponding to the first sliding hole 12, the extending direction of the second sliding hole 13 is horizontal, and both ends of the second sliding hole 13 are respectively communicated with the first sliding hole 12 and the receiving groove 11; the clamping claw 242 is slidably connected to the base 1 through the second sliding hole 13 and the sliding direction is horizontal, the side of the linkage rod 241 close to the clamping claw 242 is inclined, the cross-sectional area of the top of the linkage rod 241 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of its bottom, and the side of the clamping claw 242 close to the linkage rod 241 fits with the inclined side surface of the linkage rod 241.

[0068] When the staff turns the stud 231 upward, the jaw 242 drives the pull rod 21 upward, the pull rod 21 drives the linkage rod 241 upward, and under the abutting action of the inclined surface of the linkage rod 241, the jaw 242 moves closer to the second mounting post 53. When the pressure jaw 22 abuts against the second mounting post 53, the movement of the linkage rod 241 is restricted by the pressure jaw 22, and thus the movement of the pull rod 21 is restricted. At this time, when the stud 231 is continuously turned, the pressure jaw 22 is pressed tightly against the annular plate 52; when the staff turns the stud 231 downward, the abutting action between the linkage rod 241 and the jaw 242 is eliminated, and the clamping action of the jaw 242 on the second mounting post 53 is eliminated.

[0069] In other embodiments, the clamping assembly 24 may further include a connecting rod and the jaw 242. One end of the connecting rod is hinged to the bottom of the pull rod 21, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the side of the jaw 242 close to the pull rod 21; when the jaw 242 has no clamping action on the second mounting post 53, the connecting rod is in an inclined state and the end connected to the jaw 242 is higher than the other end; when the driving assembly 23 drives the pressure jaw 22 to press tightly against the annular plate 52, the pull rod 21 rises, the end of the connecting rod connected to the pull rod 21 rises, and the connecting rod pushes the jaw 242 to move closer to the second mounting post 53.

[0070] Combined Figure 4 with Figure 7 , a notch 2421 is formed on the side of the jaw 242 away from the linkage rod 241. The notch 2421 is generally in a "V" shape as a whole. The opening direction of the notch 2421 faces the second mounting post 53. The included angle between the opposite side walls of the notch 2421 is an obtuse angle, and the opening of the included angle faces the second mounting post 53. The included angle can be 120°, 150°, 170° or other degrees; under the action of the notch 2421, the contact area between the jaw 242 and the reducer housing is increased, and the damage to the surface of the rough part 5 of the reducer housing by the jaw 242 is reduced; in addition, the notch 2421 can adapt to the first connecting post and the second mounting post 53 with different diameters.

[0071] When the staff processes the first bearing hole 54, the intermediate hole 55 and the seal ring mounting hole 56, referring to Figure 4, screw the stud 231 upward to make the pressure claw 22 press the annular plate 52, and the clamping claw 242 clamps the second mounting column 53, and uses the CNC machining center to sequentially machine the first bearing hole 54, the through hole 58 and the intermediate hole 55. During the machining process, the first bearing hole 54 is used as a reference to ensure the coaxiality between the first bearing hole 54 and the through hole 58; when the first bearing hole 54 and the intermediate hole 55 are machined, it is necessary to machine the upper end face of the annular plate 52. Since the verticality between the end face of the annular plate 52 and the axis of the first bearing hole 54 is required to be high, it is necessary to use the axis of the first bearing hole 54 as a reference to machine the end face of the annular plate 52. Therefore, when removing the pressure of the pressure claw 22 on the end face of the annular plate 52, it is necessary to first put the reducer housing blank 5 in a clamped state to maintain the reference of the first bearing hole 54; refer to Figure 8 Before removing the clamping effect of the pressure claw 22 on the annular plate 52, the clamping assembly 3 is placed into the reducer housing blank 5 through the first bearing hole 54 and the through hole 58, so as to pre-clamp the annular plate 52 while limiting the axial movement of the annular plate 52. Then, the clamping effect of the pressure claw 22 on the annular plate 52 is removed, and the clamping claw 242 is driven by the pressure claw 22 and the pull rod 21 to clamp the second mounting column 53 to limit the radial movement of the annular plate 52.

[0072] Reference Figure 8 The clamping assembly 3 includes a pull column 31 and a pressure plate 32; one end of the pull column 31 extends into the through hole 58 and is threadedly connected to the base 1, a threaded hole 14 is provided at the position of the base 1 corresponding to the pull column 31, and a mounting hole is provided in the middle of the pressure plate 32. The other end of the pull column 31 passes through the mounting hole and is threadedly connected with a nut, so that the pressure plate 32 is anti-detached and connected to the pull column 31.

[0073] When the staff needs to process the upper end surface of the annular plate 52, the pressure plate 32 is installed at one end of the pull column 31, and the other end of the pull column 31 is threadedly connected to the base 1, and then the nut is tightened to press the pressure plate 32 on the bottom wall of the first bearing hole 54 to complete the pre-clamping of the reducer housing blank 5; then the stud 231 is screwed down, and then the pressure claw 22 is pulled to disengage it from the top surface of the annular plate 52, and then the stud 231 is screwed up in the direction to make the pressure claw 22 close to the side of the annular plate 52 press against the top of the base 1, and the pull rod 21 rises to drive the clamping claw 242 to clamp the second mounting column 53, thereby limiting the radial movement of the annular plate 52; after completing the clamping, the upper end surface of the annular plate 52 is processed with the axis of the first bearing hole 54 as a reference.

[0074] Since the through hole 58 needs to be processed in the previous process of processing the upper end surface of the annular plate 52, the chips generated when processing the through hole 58 will fall into the threaded hole 14, which affects the installation of the pull column 31 on the base 1. To solve this problem, refer to Figure 4, a chip receiving box 15 is slidably connected to the base 1, and the sliding direction of the chip receiving box 15 is along the direction towards or away from the threaded hole 14; when the staff processes the first bearing hole 54, the intermediate hole 55 and the through hole 58, the chip receiving box 15 is pushed to be located above the threaded hole 14. When it is necessary to process the upper end face of the annular plate 52, the chip receiving box 15 is pulled out and the pull column 31 is installed; on the one hand, the blockage of the threaded hole 14 by chips during the processing is reduced, and on the other hand, the cleaning of the chips is facilitated.

[0075] In order to facilitate the prevention of the pull column 31 and the pressing plate 32 when the pull column 31 and the pressing plate 32 are not in use, combined Figure 3 and Figure 4 , a placement groove 16 for accommodating the pull column 31 and the pressing plate 32 is provided on the base 1.

[0076] When the staff needs to perform the turning work after finishing the processing of the upper end face of the annular plate 52, the processing of the second bearing hole 57 and the other end face of the annular plate 52 is carried out in sequence; since the coaxiality requirement between the second bearing hole 57 and the first bearing hole 54 is relatively high, after the turning work is required, it is necessary to ensure the parallelism between the axis of the first bearing hole 54 and the Z axis of the CNC machining center. Also, since the perpendicularity between the upper end face of the processed annular plate 52 and the axis of the first bearing hole 54 is relatively high, after ensuring the parallelism between the end face of the processed annular plate 52 and the X axis of the CNC machining center, the parallelism between the axis of the first bearing hole 54 and the Z axis of the CNC machining center is indirectly ensured; in summary, when the support assembly 4 supports the end face of the processed annular plate 52, it is necessary to ensure the parallelism between the end face of the processed annular plate 52 and the X axis of the machining center.

[0077] Referring to Figure 9 , the support assembly 4 includes a plurality of equal-height blocks 41. In the embodiment of the present application, three equal-height blocks 41 are evenly spaced along the circumferential direction of the receiving groove 11. In other embodiments, it can also be set to four, five or more, as long as the stable support of the annular plate 52 is achieved. The equal-height blocks 41 are arranged on the base 1, and the top surfaces of the three equal-height blocks 41 are flush; it should be noted that in the present application, in order to ensure the coplanarity accuracy of the top surfaces of the three equal-height blocks 41, during the actual use process, after the base 1 is fixedly connected to the workbench of the CNC machining center, the CNC machining center is used to process the three equal-height blocks 41. Since the processing of the three equal-height blocks is completed in one processing, the coplanarity accuracy is relatively high, and at the same time, the parallelism between the top surface and the X axis of the CNC machining center is relatively high.

[0078] When the staff finishes turning, referring to Figure 10, place the machined end face of the annular plate 52 on the three equal-height blocks 41, then turn the stud 231 upward to complete the clamping work of the clamping jaw 22 and the gripper 242, and gradually ream the through hole 58. When the diameter of the through hole 58 is larger than the diameter of the middle hole 55, take the axis of the middle hole 55 as the machining reference to machine the second bearing hole 57; refer to Figure 11 , next, use the pull post 31 and the pressing plate 32 to complete the pre-clamping of the rough blank 5 of the reducer housing. Turn the stud 231 downward to release the pressing of the clamping jaw 22, make the clamping jaw 22 abut against the top of the base 1, and after turning the stud 231 upward to complete the gripper 242, take the second bearing hole 57 as the machining reference to complete the machining of the other end face of the annular plate 52.

[0079] During use, the equal-height blocks 41 will be damaged to a certain extent. In order to facilitate the replacement of the equal-height blocks 41, refer to Figure 9 , the equal-height blocks 41 are detachably connected to the base 1 by screws.

[0080] The embodiment of the present application also discloses a processing technology for a reducer housing. The processing technology for the reducer housing is based on the above-mentioned processing tooling for a reducer housing, and includes the following steps:

[0081] S1. Blank cutting: Use a band saw to cut a suitable length of round steel section or square steel section;

[0082] S2. Blank heating: Use a heating furnace to heat the cut section to 1000°C - 1500°C to soften the blank;

[0083] S3. Die forging and heat treatment: Perform die forging on the blank to form the rough blank 5 of the reducer housing, and perform heat treatment to reduce internal stress;

[0084] S4. Preliminary clamping: Fix the base 1 to the workbench of the CNC machining center, place the rough blank 5 of the reducer housing into the receiving groove 11, pull the clamping jaw 22 to make the clamping jaw 22 abut against the annular plate 52, and then turn the stud 231 upward to press the clamping jaw 22 tightly against the annular plate 52, and at the same time, the gripper 242 clamps on the second mounting post 53;

[0085] S5. Rough machining: Rough mill the top surface and side surface of the first mounting post 51, take the machined side surface of the first mounting post 51 as the reference to determine the center of the first bearing hole 54, rough machine the first bearing hole 54, and leave a certain aperture allowance;

[0086] Take the rough milled first bearing hole 54 as the reference to determine the drilling center, drill the through hole 58, the through hole 58 penetrates through the first mounting post 51 and the second mounting post 53, and then rough mill the middle hole 55 and leave a certain aperture allowance;

[0087] Taking the first bearing hole 54 after rough milling as the reference, determine the center of the sealing ring mounting hole 56, rough mill the sealing ring mounting hole 56, and leave a certain allowance for the hole diameter;

[0088] S6. Finish machining: Finish mill the first bearing hole 54, and then taking the finish-milled first bearing hole 54 as the reference, successively finish mill the middle hole 55 and the sealing ring mounting hole 56 to ensure the coaxiality of the first bearing hole 54 and the middle hole 55;

[0089] S7. Rough and finish machining of the end face of the annular plate 52: Threadedly connect the pull post 31 to the base 1, press the pressing plate 32 against the bottom wall of the first bearing hole 54, turn the stud 231 to descend, and pull the clamping jaw 22 away from the annular plate 52;

[0090] Taking the first bearing hole 54 as the reference, successively rough and finish machine the end face of the annular plate 52 to ensure the perpendicularity between the end face of the annular plate 52 and the axis of the first bearing hole 54;

[0091] S8. Turning over the workpiece: Remove the pull post 31, then turn over the rough workpiece of the reducer housing 5, place the annular plate 52 on the equal-height block 41, use the clamping jaw 22 to press the annular plate 52, and taking the middle hole 55 as the reference, successively rough and finish machine the second bearing hole 57 to ensure the coaxiality of the second bearing hole 57 and the first bearing hole 54;

[0092] Install the upper pull rod 21, release the pressing action of the clamping jaw 22, pull the clamping jaw 22 away from the annular plate 52, and successively rough and finish machine the other end face of the annular plate 52 to ensure the perpendicularity between the end face of the annular plate 52 and the axis of the second bearing hole 57.

[0093] The implementation principle of a processing tooling and its processing technology for a reducer housing in an embodiment of the present application is as follows: Fix the base 1 to the workbench of the numerical control machining center, place the annular plate 52 on the equal-height block 41, use the clamping jaw 22 to press the annular plate 52, and clamp the second mounting post 53 with the chuck to complete the machining of the first bearing hole 54, the middle hole 55, and the sealing ring mounting hole 56; Then use the pull post 31 and the pressing plate 32 to pre-clamp the rough workpiece of the reducer housing 5, and then release the pressing of the clamping jaw 22 on the annular plate 52, so that the chuck 242 clamps the second mounting post 53 to complete the machining of the upper end face of the annular plate 52; Next, perform the turning-over work, place the annular plate 52 on the equal-height block 41, use the clamping jaw 22 to press the annular plate 52, and clamp the first mounting post 51 with the chuck to complete the machining of the second bearing hole 57. Next, in the same way as machining the upper end face of the annular plate 52, machine the other end face of the annular plate 52.

[0094] The above are all the preferred embodiments of the present application. The protection scope of the present application is not limited by this. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A processing tooling for a speed reducer housing, characterized in that: It includes a base (1), a clamping mechanism (2), a pressing component (3) and a supporting component (4); A receiving groove (11) for placing the rough blank of the reducer housing (5) is formed on the base (1); the clamping mechanism (2) is arranged on the base (1), and the clamping mechanism (2) is used to restrict the axial and radial movement of the annular plate (52), or the clamping mechanism (2) is used to restrict the radial movement of the annular plate (52), and multiple groups of the clamping mechanisms (2) are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular plate (52); the pressing component (3) is detachably arranged on the base (1) and is used to restrict the axial movement of the annular plate (52); the supporting component (4) is arranged on the base (1) and is used to support the end face of the annular plate (52); The clamping mechanism (2) includes a pull rod (21), a pressing claw (22), a driving component (23) and a clamping component (24); The pull rod (21) is slidably connected to the base (1) and the sliding direction intersects with the top surface of the base (1), the pressing claw (22) is rotatably and slidably connected to the top of the pull rod (21), the rotation axis of the pressing claw (22) is parallel to the end face of the annular plate (52), and the sliding direction of the pressing claw (22) is along the direction towards or away from the annular plate (52); The driving component (23) is arranged on the pressing claw (22) to drive the side of the pressing claw (22) away from the annular plate (52) to move away from or close to the base (1); the driving component (23) includes a stud (231), a top block (232) and a driving rod (233), the stud (231) is located on one side of the pressing claw (22), the top block (232) is sleeved on the top end of the stud (231), and the driving rod (233) is fixedly connected to the top block (232); The clamping component (24) is arranged on the pull rod (21), when the pull rod (21) moves, the pull rod (21) drives the clamping component (24) to clamp the first mounting post (51) or the second mounting post (53), and when the clamping component (24) clamps the first mounting post (51) or the second mounting post (53), the clamping component (24) restricts the movement of the pull rod (21); the clamping component (24) includes a linkage rod (241) and a clamping claw (242); the linkage rod (241) is fixedly connected to the pull rod (21), the linkage rod (241) is slidably connected to the base (1) and the sliding direction is parallel to the sliding direction of the pull rod (21); the clamping claw (242) is slidably connected to the base (1) and the sliding direction is along the direction towards or away from the axis of the first mounting post (51), the side of the linkage rod (241) close to the clamping claw (242) is inclined, the cross-sectional area of the linkage rod (241) gradually decreases along the direction close to the pressing claw (22), and the side of the clamping claw (242) close to the linkage rod (241) fits with the inclined side surface of the linkage rod (241).

2. The processing tooling for a speed reducer housing according to claim 1, characterized in that: On one side of the jaw (242) away from the linkage rod (241), a notch (2421) is formed. The opening direction of the notch (2421) faces the rough blank of the reducer housing (5), and the opposite side walls of the notch (2421) are arranged at an angle.

3. The processing tooling for a speed reducer housing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressing assembly (3) includes a pull rod (31) and a pressing plate (32); One end of the pull rod (31) extends into the rough blank of the reducer housing (5) and is threadedly connected to the base (1), and the pressing plate (32) is anti-disengagedly connected to the other end of the pull rod (31); The pressing plate (32) abuts against the bottom wall of the first bearing hole (54) or the second bearing hole (57).

4. The processing tooling for a speed reducer housing according to claim 3, characterized in that: At the position of the base (1) corresponding to the pull rod (31), a threaded hole (14) is formed. A chip receiving box (15) is slidably arranged on the base (1), and the sliding direction of the chip receiving box (15) is along the direction towards or away from the threaded hole (14).

5. The processing tooling for a speed reducer housing according to claim 3, characterized in that: A placement groove (16) for accommodating the pull rod (31) and the pressing plate (32) is arranged on the base (1).

6. A processing technology for a speed reducer housing, using the processing tooling for a speed reducer housing according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1. Blank cutting: Cut a round steel profile or a square steel profile of appropriate length; S2. Blank heating: Heat the cut profile to 1000°C - 1500°C to soften the blank; S3. Die forging and heat treatment: Die forging the blank to form the rough blank of the reducer housing (5), and performing heat treatment to reduce internal stress; S4. Preliminary clamping: Fix the base (1) to the workbench of the processing equipment, place the rough blank of the reducer housing (5) into the receiving groove (11), pull the clamping jaw (22) to make the clamping jaw (22) abut against the annular plate (52), then use the driving assembly (23) to drive the clamping jaw (22) to press tightly against the annular plate (52), and at the same time, the jaw (242) clamps on the second mounting post (53); S5. Rough machining: Rough mill the top surface and side surface of the first mounting post (51), take the machined side surface of the first mounting post (51) as a reference to determine the center of the first bearing hole (54), rough machine the first bearing hole (54), and leave a certain aperture allowance; Taking the rough milled first bearing hole (54) as a reference, determine the drilling center, drill a through hole (58), the through hole (58) penetrates through the first mounting post (51) and the second mounting post (53), then rough mill the intermediate hole (55), and leave a certain aperture allowance; Taking the rough milled first bearing hole (54) as a reference, determine the center of the sealing ring mounting hole (56), rough mill the sealing ring mounting hole (56), and leave a certain aperture allowance; S6. Finish machining: Finish mill the first bearing hole (54), and then taking the finish milled first bearing hole (54) as a reference, successively finish mill the intermediate hole (55) and the sealing ring mounting hole (56) to ensure the coaxiality of the first bearing hole (54) and the intermediate hole (55); S7. Rough and finish machining of the end face of the annular plate (52): Thread the pull post (31) onto the base (1), press the pressure plate (32) against the bottom wall of the first bearing hole (54), release the pressing action of the driving assembly (23), pull the clamping jaw (22) away from the annular plate (52), and make the clamping assembly (24) clamp the second mounting post (53). Taking the first bearing hole (54) as the reference, rough and finish machine the end face of the annular plate (52) in sequence to ensure the perpendicularity between the end face of the annular plate (52) and the axis of the first bearing hole (54). S8. Turning the workpiece: Remove the pull post (31), then turn over the rough blank of the reducer housing (5), use the clamping jaw (22) to press the annular plate (52), take the middle hole (55) as the reference, rough and finish machine the second bearing hole (57) in sequence to ensure the coaxiality between the second bearing hole (57) and the first bearing hole (54), and ensure the perpendicularity between the end face of the annular plate (52) and the axis of the first bearing hole (54). Install the pull post (31), release the pressing action of the clamping jaw (22), pull the clamping jaw (22) away from the annular plate (52), make the clamping assembly (24) clamp the first mounting post (51), and rough and finish machine the other end face of the annular plate (52) in sequence.

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