A slotting type roof support-free tunneling and anchoring integrated machine and tunneling method

Abstract

The application discloses a slotting type empty roof supporting and tunneling anchor integrated machine and a tunneling method. The integrated machine comprises a tunneling machine, a supporting frame, a rock cutting saw, a side anchor rod machine and a roof anchor rod machine. The supporting frame is arranged along the tunnel direction and comprises a strike beam, a stand column and a cross beam. The strike beam is composed of two parts and is arranged in parallel along the tunnel direction at both sides of the tunnel roof. The stand column is arranged at both sides of the tunnel and has the same number on each side. The bottom of the stand column is in contact with the ground through a slide shoe, and the top of the stand column is connected with the bottom surface of the strike beam perpendicularly. A plurality of cross beams are connected with the two strike beams at the top. The supporting frame is driven by a sliding mechanism and moves forward and backward along the tunnel direction. The rock cutting saw is equidistantly arranged at the front end of the supporting frame. The side anchor rod machine is arranged between the two stand columns at the left and right sides of the supporting frame. The roof anchor rod machine is arranged at the top of the supporting frame. The application sets a slotting area in advance, which can prevent the disturbance of the surrounding rock when the cutting drum cuts the coal body, effectively prevents the occurrence of the roof falling and the side falling, and realizes the safe and efficient tunneling.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of coal mining and supporting, in particular to a slotting type no-empty-top supporting and excavating-anchor integrated machine and a tunneling method. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of China's economy, the mechanization and automation degree of coal industry is getting higher and higher, and the comprehensive mechanized coal mining equipment is widely used in coal production under various geological conditions. In the tunneling process, the quality of the tunneling machine has been greatly improved, especially the large-scale excavating-anchor integrated machine has been widely used in various mining areas. However, in the actual application environment, the excavating-anchor integrated machine can only be applied to simple mine tunneling, and it is difficult to fully exert the equipment efficiency when encountering weak rock roadway affected by strong mining. Tunneling is a complex process of alternating processes, which consists of three processes of rock breaking, loading and supporting. In order to realize the rapid and efficient tunneling construction, each process should be connected efficiently, but the fast tunneling equipment for complex geological conditions is not complete, the main reason is that the weak roof after cutting needs to be supported in time to avoid collapse, especially in the tunneling of the roadway affected by strong mining, the empty roof distance allowed by the tunneling operation is small, and the anchor supporting equipment used at present is simple, the automation level is low, and the efficiency is low. The relative position of the existing excavating-anchor machine and the anchor supporting device is fixed, and there is mutual interference between the two in the specific tunneling process, which affects the normal tunneling engineering. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a slotting type no-empty-top supporting and excavating-anchor integrated machine and a tunneling method, which can pre-cut the cutting disturbance by setting the slotting area in advance, and form the tunneling mode of excavating and supporting at the same time.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the application discloses a slotting type no empty roof supporting and excavating anchor integrated machine, which comprises an excavating machine, a supporting frame, rock cutting saws, a side anchor rod machine and a roof anchor rod machine.

[0005] Further, the rock cutting saws are high-strength chain saws.

[0006] Further, the excavating machine body is located inside the supporting frame.

[0007] Further, two side anchor rod machines are arranged along the tunnel direction on both sides of the supporting frame, and two roof anchor rod machines are arranged along the tunnel direction on the top of the supporting frame.

[0008] Further, the sliding mechanism I comprises a supporting plate, a sliding oil cylinder and a connecting rod, the machine body of the excavating machine is provided with a sliding rail in the excavating direction, the supporting plate is located above the sliding rail and is in sliding connection with the sliding rail, one end of the sliding oil cylinder is fixed to the machine body, and the other end is fixedly connected with the rear end of the supporting plate to provide power for the sliding of the supporting plate, the connecting rod is located on both sides of the supporting plate, one end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with one side of the supporting plate, and the other end is fixedly connected with the inner side of the stand column.

[0009] Further, the sliding mechanism II is further included, the sliding mechanism II includes a long strip-shaped box, a mounting plate and a push oil cylinder, the long strip-shaped box is internally provided with a sliding groove along the length direction, the mounting plate is matched with the sliding groove on both sides, the push oil cylinder is fixed at one end of the inside of the wide side of the long strip-shaped box and is fixed at one end of one side of the mounting plate, and the mounting plate is pushed to move back and forth along the length direction of the long strip-shaped box; the sliding mechanism II is three, is installed on the front end face of the support frame, and the rock cutting saw is uniformly installed on the mounting plate of the three sliding mechanisms II.

[0010] In another aspect, a slotting type no empty roof supporting tunneling method, the method comprises the following steps:

[0011] S1, the sliding mechanism I pushes the frame structure to move forward, and the rock cutting saw is slotted to a set depth, then the rock cutting saw is transversely slotted to cut the coal rock body between saws completely, and transverse slotting is completed; then, the rock cutting saw is vertically slotted to cut the coal body between saws completely, and vertical slotting is completed;

[0012] S2, the cutting drum is pushed forward to cut the coal rock body, and the cutting depth value is equal to a cycle depth;

[0013] S3, after full-face cutting is completed, the cutting drum is retreated to the rear of the support frame through the sliding mechanism without moving the machine body;

[0014] S4, the support frame is retracted into the roadway to form a gap between the coal wall, the steel mesh is inserted into the gap, and the support frame is reset outwardly;

[0015] S5, the roof anchor rod machine and the side anchor rod machine perform anchor rod construction according to the support parameters, and the anchor cable drilling machine performs anchor cable construction according to the support parameters after the front support is completed;

[0016] S6, after the front support is completed, the sliding mechanism I pushes the frame structure to move forward, and the rock cutting saw performs next cycle slotting on the roadway contour.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0018] 1. The present application can realize simultaneous excavation and support, integrates excavation and support, accurately excavates the roadway contour and controls the forming well;

[0019] 2. The rock cutting saw deeply penetrates the front coal body, uses the uncut coal body as a fulcrum to support the coal rock body of the outer contour of the roadway, timely provides lateral constraint for the outer contour surrounding rock body and prevents rib spalling and roof falling;

[0020] Three, the cutting groove formed by the cutting saw can cut off the connection between the middle coal body and the surrounding rock, thereby blocking the disturbance and damage of the cutting vibration of the heading machine drum to the surrounding rock, realizing the stripping of the middle coal body and the surrounding rock, and achieving the purpose of protecting the surrounding rock of the roadway;

[0021] Four, the roadway surrounding rock and lateral constraint compensation can be realized, the heading operation without empty roof distance is realized, the spalling and roof subsidence of the roadway due to untimely support is prevented, the disturbance and damage of the retained surrounding rock body caused by the middle cutting rock breaking are prevented, and the large piece of coal and rock falling in the heading front is prevented, so that the safe and efficient heading of the roadway is also ensured;

[0022] Five, the immediate excavation and support can realize the heading operation without empty roof distance, and the safety of the construction personnel is ensured, thereby providing a strong equipment and technical foundation for the rapid heading of the strong dynamic pressure roadway. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 is a structural schematic view of the heading and anchoring integrated machine of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 is a working face schematic view after the advanced drilling of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 is Figure 1 a partial enlarged view of

[0026] Figure 4 is Figure 1 a sectional view along the direction of I-I;

[0027] Figure 5 is a sliding mechanism I result schematic view;

[0028] Figure 6 is a sliding mechanism II structural schematic view;

[0029] In the figure, 1 is a heading machine, 1-1 is a cutting large arm, 1-2 is a scraper conveyor, 1-3 is a walking mechanism, 1-4 is a loading mechanism, 1-5 is a machine body, 2 is a support frame, 2-1 is a strike beam, 2-2 is a stand column, 2-3 is a cross beam, 3 is a rock cutting saw, 4 is a side anchor rod machine, 5 is a top anchor rod machine, 6 is a rotary telescopic mechanism, 7 is a sliding mechanism I, 7-1 is a support plate, 7-2 is a sliding oil cylinder, 7-3 is a connecting rod, 8 is an anchor cable drill, 9 is a cutting drum, 10 is a steel mesh, 11 is a sliding mechanism II, 11-1 is a long strip box, 11-2 is a mounting plate, and 11-3 is a pushing oil cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] For example, Figure 1 and Figure 3 andFigure 4 As shown in the figure, a slotting type empty roof supporting and excavating anchor integrated machine comprises an excavating machine 1, a supporting frame 2, a rock cutting saw 3, a side anchor rod machine 4, and a top anchor rod machine 5. The supporting frame 2 is arranged along the tunnel direction and comprises a strike beam 2-1, a vertical column 2-2, and a cross beam 2-3. The strike beam 2-1 is two in number and is arranged on both sides of the tunnel top along the tunnel direction. The vertical column 2-2 is arranged on both sides of the tunnel and is the same in number on each side. The bottom of the vertical column 2-2 is in contact with the ground through a sliding shoe, and the top is connected with the bottom surface of the strike beam 2-1 perpendicularly. A plurality of cross beams 2-3 are connected with the two strike beams 2-1 at the top. The vertical column 2-2 is internally provided with an extensible oil cylinder for adjusting the height of the supporting frame. The cross beam 2-3 is internally provided with an extensible oil cylinder for adjusting the width of the supporting frame 2. The excavating machine 1 is provided with a sliding mechanism 7 on the machine body. The vertical columns 2-2 on both sides of the supporting frame 2 are fixedly connected with the sliding mechanism 7. The supporting frame 2 is driven by the sliding mechanism 7 to move back and forth along the tunnel direction. The rock cutting saw 3 is a plurality of saws and is equidistantly installed on the front end surface of the left vertical column 2-2 at the front end of the supporting frame 2. The rock cutting saw 3 is vertically arranged. The rock cutting saw 3 is equidistantly installed on the front end surface of the right vertical column at the front end of the supporting frame. The rock cutting saw 3 is vertically arranged. The rock cutting saw 3 is equidistantly installed on the front end surface of the cross beam at the front end of the supporting frame. The rock cutting saw 3 is horizontally arranged. The side anchor rod machine 4 is arranged between the two vertical columns 2-2 on the left and right sides of the supporting frame 2 and is installed on one of the vertical columns 2-2 through a rotary extension mechanism 6. The top anchor rod machine 5 is arranged between the two cross beams 2-3 at the top of the supporting frame 2 and is installed on one of the cross beams 2-3 through the rotary extension mechanism 6. The cutting drum 8 is controlled through a cutting arm 11. The top coal cut by the rock cutting saw 3 enters the scraper conveyor 1-2 through a loading mechanism 14. The rock cutting saw 3 is a high-strength chain saw. The machine body of the excavating machine 1 is located inside the supporting frame 2. An anchor cable drilling machine 8 is arranged at the rear end of the excavating machine 1.

[0032] As shown in the figure, Figure 3 On both sides of the supporting frame 2, two side anchor rod machines 4 are arranged along the tunnel direction. On the top of the supporting frame 2, two top anchor rod machines 5 are arranged along the tunnel direction. The arrangement of the two rows can effectively improve the efficiency of the supporting operation.

[0033] The excavating anchor integrated machine can first cut the slotting area through the rock cutting saw 3, so as to isolate the cut coal rock body from the surrounding rock, thereby blocking the disturbance and damage of the excavating machine drum cutting vibration to the surrounding rock and effectively protecting the surrounding rock. After the cutting drum 9 works for one cycle of depth, the top and side supports are immediately carried out, which can effectively prevent the empty roof rockfall and rib spalling phenomenon. The machine can realize excavation and support at the same time, safely and orderly excavate, greatly improve the construction efficiency of the excavating operation, and is a brand-new improvement to the existing coal mining method.

[0034] As shown in the figure, Figure 2As shown, the grooving area is cut by the rock cutting saw 3, and the cutting coal rock mass is cut by the cutting drum 9.

[0035] As shown in the figure, Figure 5 As shown, the sliding mechanism 7 includes a support plate 7-1, a sliding oil cylinder 7-2, and a connecting rod 7-3. The machine body 1-5 of the heading machine 1 is provided with a sliding rail in the heading direction. The support plate 7-1 is located above the sliding rail and is in sliding connection with the sliding rail. The sliding rail is a long strip-shaped steel plate welded on both sides of the machine body 1-5. The two ends of the support plate are rolled down to wrap the sliding rail, thereby forming a sliding relationship. The sliding oil cylinder 7-2 is two, one end of which is fixed on the machine body 1-5 and the other end is fixedly connected with the rear end of the support plate 7-1, providing power for the sliding of the support plate 7-1. The connecting rod 7-3 is located on both sides of the support plate 7-1, one end of which is fixedly connected with one side of the support plate 7-1 and the other end is fixedly connected with the inner side of the vertical column 2-2, thereby driving the entire support frame 2 to move forward and backward.

[0036] As shown in the figure, Figure 6 As shown, the heading and anchoring integrated machine further comprises a sliding mechanism II 11. The sliding mechanism II includes a long strip-shaped box body 11-1, a mounting plate 11-2, and a pushing oil cylinder 11-3. The long strip-shaped box body 11-1 is internally provided with a sliding groove along the length direction. The mounting plate 11-2 is matched with the sliding groove on both sides. One end of the pushing oil cylinder 11-3 is fixedly connected with the inner side of the wide side of the long strip-shaped box body 11-1, and the other end is fixedly connected with one side of the mounting plate 11-2, thereby pushing the mounting plate 11-2 to move back and forth along the length direction of the long strip-shaped box body 11-1. The sliding mechanism II 11 is three, which is installed on the front end face of the support frame 2. The rock cutting saw 3 is uniformly installed on the mounting plate 11-2 of the three sliding mechanisms II 11. Specifically, when the sliding mechanism II 11 is installed on the front end face of the left vertical column 2-2 on the front of the support frame 2, the long strip-shaped box body 11-1 is vertically placed. At this time, the sawing surface of the rock cutting saw 3 installed on the mounting plate 11-2 presents a vertical surface, which is perpendicular to the coal body to be cut. When the sliding mechanism II 11 is installed on the cross beam 2-3 on the upper part of the front of the support frame 2, the long strip-shaped box body 11-1 is horizontally placed. At this time, the sawing surface of the rock cutting saw 3 installed on the mounting plate 11-2 presents a horizontal surface, which is also perpendicular to the coal body to be cut. When the sliding mechanism II 11 is installed on the vertical column 2-2 on the right side of the front end face of the support frame 2, the long strip-shaped box body 11-1 is vertically installed. The sawing surface of the rock cutting saw installed on the mounting plate 11-2 presents a vertical surface, which is also perpendicular to the coal body to be cut. Figure 6 The five rectangular boxes on the mounting plate 11-2 are the installation positions of the rock cutting saw 3. The rock cutting saw 3 in the embodiment is a chain saw, which is a prior art.

[0037] The application also discloses a grooving type no-emptying roof supporting heading method, which comprises the following steps:

[0038] S1, rock cutting saw is grooved to a set depth, the rock cutting saw 3 performs transverse sliding cutting, the middle coal rock body is completely cut, and transverse grooving is completed; the rock cutting saw 3 performs vertical sliding cutting, the coal body between the saws is completely cut, and vertical grooving is completed, the set depth is equal to the one-cycle cutting depth plus the reserved coal body support depth, preferably, the support depth is 500 mm. The rock cutting saw 3 runs forward into the coal body, which is generated by the support frame 2 being driven forward, and the support frame 2 is driven forward by the sliding mechanism I7. Since there is still uncut coal body between the two rock cutting saws 3, the coal body can be completely cut by sliding up and down or left and right on the vertically placed and horizontally placed sliding mechanism II11.

[0039] S2, the cutting drum 9 is pushed forward to cut the coal rock body, and the cutting depth value is equal to one cycle depth;

[0040] S3, after the full-face cutting is completed, the cutting drum 9 is retreated to the rear of the support frame 2 by the sliding mechanism 7 without moving the machine body of the roadheader 1.

[0041] S4, the support frame 2 is retracted into the roadway to form a gap with the coal wall, the steel mesh 10 is inserted into the gap, and the support frame 2 is reset outwardly.

[0042] S5, the top anchor rod machine 5 and the side anchor rod machine 4 perform anchor rod construction according to the support parameters, and the anchor cable drill 8 performs anchor cable construction according to the support parameters after the front support is completed.

[0043] S6, after the front support is completed, the sliding mechanism 7 pushes the frame structure 2 forward, and the rock cutting saw 3 performs the next cycle grooving on the roadway contour.

[0044] The tunneling method can realize excavation and support at the same time, realize the combination of excavation and support, create a new way of underground coal mining, effectively protect the on-site machinery and workers, and greatly improve the tunneling efficiency.

[0045] The embodiments of the application are described in detail above in combination with the drawings, but the application is not limited thereto, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the purpose of the application, which are all within the protection scope of the claims of the application.

Claims

1. A method of open- slot, empty- roof supportless tunneling, characterized by, The application discloses an advanced separation control roof type digging-anchor integrated machine, which comprises a digging machine (1), a supporting frame (2), rock cutting saws (3), a side anchor rod machine (4) and a roof anchor rod machine (5). The supporting frame (2) is arranged along the tunnel direction and comprises a tunnel direction beam (2-1), a stand column (2-2) and a cross beam (2-3). The tunnel direction beam (2-1) is composed of two beams which are arranged in parallel along the tunnel direction at the two sides of the tunnel roof. The stand column (2-2) is arranged at the two sides of the tunnel and has the same number on each side. The bottom of the stand column (2-2) is in contact with the ground through a sliding shoe, and the top of the stand column (2-2) is connected with the bottom surface of the tunnel direction beam (2-1) perpendicularly. A plurality of cross beams (2-3) are connected with the two tunnel direction beams (2-1) at the top. The stand column (2-2) is internally provided with a longitudinal telescopic oil cylinder for adjusting the height of the supporting frame. The cross beam (2-3) is internally provided with a transverse telescopic oil cylinder for adjusting the width of the supporting frame (2). The digging machine (1) is provided with a sliding mechanism I (7) on the machine body. The stand columns (2-2) on the two sides of the supporting frame (2) are fixedly connected with the sliding mechanism I (7). The supporting frame (2) is driven by the sliding mechanism I (7) to move forward and backward along the tunnel direction. The rock cutting saws (3) are installed on the front end surface of the stand column (2-2) at the left side of the front end of the supporting frame (2) at equal intervals and are vertically arranged. The rock cutting saws (3) are installed on the front end surface of the stand column (2-2) at the right side of the front end of the supporting frame (2) at equal intervals and are vertically arranged. The rock cutting saws (3) are installed on the front end surface of the cross beam (2-3) at the front end of the supporting frame (2) at equal intervals and are horizontally arranged. The side anchor rod machine (4) is arranged between the two stand columns (2-2) on the left and right sides of the supporting frame (2) and is installed on one of the stand columns (2-2) through a rotary telescopic mechanism (6). The roof anchor rod machine (5) is arranged on the top of the supporting frame (2) between the two cross beams (2-3) and is installed on one of the cross beams (2-3) through the rotary telescopic mechanism (6). The anchor cable drilling machine (8) is arranged at the rear end of the digging machine (1). The method comprises the following steps: S1, the sliding mechanism I (7) drives the frame structure (2) to move forward, the rock cutting saw (3) is grooved to a set depth, then the rock cutting saw (3) is transversely slid to cut the coal rock body between the saws, the transverse grooving is completed, then the rock cutting saw (3) is vertically slid to cut the coal body between the saws, and the vertical grooving is completed; S2, the cutting drum (9) is pushed forward to cut the coal rock body, and the cutting depth is equal to one cycle depth; S3, after the full-face cutting is completed, the digging machine (1) is not moved, and the cutting drum (9) is retreated to the rear of the supporting frame (2) through the sliding mechanism (7). S4, the supporting frame (2) is retracted into the roadway, a gap is formed between the supporting frame (2) and the coal wall, the steel mesh (10) is inserted into the gap, and the supporting frame (2) is reset outwardly supported; S5, the roof anchor rod machine (5) and the side anchor rod machine (4) perform anchor rod construction according to the supporting parameters, and the anchor cable drilling machine (8) performs anchor cable construction according to the supporting parameters after the front supporting is completed; S6, after the front supporting is completed, the sliding mechanism I (7) pushes the frame structure (2) to advance forward, and the rock cutting saw (3) performs the next cycle of slotting on the profile of the roadway.

2. The open-slot, no empty roof support excavation method of claim 1, wherein, The rock cutting saw (3) is a high-strength chain saw.

3. The open-slot, no empty roof support excavation method of claim 1, wherein, The tunneling machine (1) is located inside the supporting frame (2).

4. The open- slot, no empty roof support excavation method of claim 1, wherein, On both sides of the supporting frame (2), two side anchor rod machines (4) are arranged along the direction of the roadway; and on the top of the supporting frame (2), two roof anchor rod machines (5) are arranged along the direction of the roadway.

5. The open- slot, no empty roof support excavation method of claim 2, wherein, The sliding mechanism I (7) includes a support plate (7-1), a sliding oil cylinder (7-2) and a connecting rod (7-3). The machine body (1-5) of the tunneling machine (1) is provided with a sliding rail in the tunneling direction. The support plate (7-1) is located above the sliding rail and is in sliding connection with the sliding rail. One end of the sliding oil cylinder (7-2) is fixed to the machine body (1-5), and the other end is fixedly connected to the rear end of the support plate (7-1) to provide power for the sliding of the support plate (7-1). The connecting rod (7-3) is located on both sides of the support plate (7-1). One end of the connecting rod (7-3) is fixedly connected to one side of the support plate (7-1), and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner side of the stand column (2-2).

6. The open- slot, no empty roof support excavation method of claim 2, wherein, Further comprising a sliding mechanism II (11), the sliding mechanism II includes an elongated box (11-1), a mounting plate (11-2) and a pushing oil cylinder (11-3). The elongated box (11-1) is provided with a sliding groove in the length direction inside the box. The mounting plate (11-2) is matched with the sliding groove on both sides. One end of the pushing oil cylinder (11-3) is fixed to the inner side of the wide side of the elongated box (11-1), and the other end is fixed to one side of the mounting plate (11-2) to push the mounting plate (11-2) to move back and forth along the length direction of the elongated box (11-1). The sliding mechanism II (11) is three, which is installed on the front end face of the supporting frame (2). The rock cutting saw (3) is uniformly installed on the mounting plate (11-2) of the three sliding mechanisms II (11).

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