Water wave real-time sensing device based on double-layer array structure and detection method

Abstract

Provided are a water wave real-time sensing device based on a double-layer array structure and a detection method. The sensing device comprises a flexible sensing element arranged at the liquid surface of a liquid to be detected, so that a part of the sensing element is below the liquid surface. The sensing element comprises: an electrostatic friction layer made of a flexible waterproof film material, the part of the electrostatic friction layer below the liquid surface is in contact with the liquid to be detected and rubs to generate an electric signal; a first array unit comprising a plurality of first sensors arranged in an array, each first sensor below the liquid surface emits a first signal under the action of the electric signal; an insulating layer; a second array unit comprising a plurality of inductive sensors arranged in an array, each inductive sensor is arranged in an overlapping manner with each first sensor through the insulating layer, and is used for generating an inductive signal under the action of the first signal emitted by the corresponding first sensor; and a packaging layer used for fixing the sensing device at the liquid surface of the liquid to be detected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of sensing technology, and in particular to a real-time water wave sensing device and detection method based on a dual-layer array structure. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the national economy, cities are expanding rapidly, but urban construction has encountered bottlenecks to some extent. Advances in information technology and improved living standards have led to problems such as lagging development of urban infrastructure and management methods failing to meet changing needs. Furthermore, the lack of timely and effective sharing and integration of various data creates information silos and isolated systems. These problems can be solved through the Internet of Things (IoT) to promote the construction of smart cities, with IoT-based drainage monitoring being a crucial component of municipal smart infrastructure.

[0003] Based on the actual situation of urban flood control, it is crucial to further enhance the prediction, early warning, and emergency response capabilities for sudden flooding events to ensure the normal operation of municipal facilities during the flood season. Currently, real-time monitoring of water levels and drainage conditions in underpasses during the flood season relies mainly on manual visual inspection and experience, lacking scientific and effective monitoring methods. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, this disclosure provides a real-time water wave sensing device and detection method based on a dual-layer array structure, thereby alleviating the technical problems of difficulty in real-time and accurate water wave monitoring under flood control emergency conditions in the prior art.

[0006] (II) Technical Solution

[0007] One aspect of this disclosure provides a real-time water wave sensing device based on a dual-layer array structure, including a flexible sensor element disposed at the surface of the liquid to be measured, such that a portion of the sensor element is located below the liquid surface. The sensor element comprises, from the outside to the inside: an electrostatic friction layer, a first array unit, an insulating layer, a second array unit, and an encapsulation layer.

[0008] The electrostatic friction layer is made of a flexible waterproof film material. The portion of the electrostatic friction layer below the liquid surface contacts and rubs against the liquid to be tested, thereby generating an electrical signal. The first array unit includes multiple first sensors arranged in an array. Each first sensor in the portion below the liquid surface of the first array unit emits a first signal under the action of the electrical signal. The insulating layer is made of a flexible insulating material. The second array unit includes multiple inductive sensors arranged in an array. Each inductive sensor is overlapped with each first sensor across an insulating layer and is used to generate an inductive signal under the action of the first signal emitted by the corresponding first sensor. The encapsulation layer is made of a flexible insulating material and is used to fix the sensing device at the liquid surface of the liquid to be tested.

[0009] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the first sensors in each row of the first array unit are interconnected and are provided with a first signal output interface.

[0010] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the sensing sensors in each column of the second array unit are interconnected and are provided with a sensing signal output interface.

[0011] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the first array unit includes 6 rows of first sensors, each row including 4 first sensors, and the first sensors in each row are connected to form a first signal interface; the second array unit includes 4 columns of sensing sensors, each column including 6 sensing sensors, and the sensing sensors in each column are connected to form a sensing signal interface.

[0012] According to embodiments of this disclosure, first sensors in different rows are used to detect liquids at different heights, thereby emitting first signals from corresponding first signal interfaces to determine real-time changes in the liquid level of the liquid being measured.

[0013] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the water wave characteristics of the liquid to be tested are determined by sensing signals.

[0014] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the water wave characteristic signal of the liquid to be tested is obtained through the timing signal of the first signal and the sensing signal.

[0015] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the material of the electrostatic friction layer is polyvinyl chloride, and the material for preparing the first sensor and / or the sensing sensor is silver paste.

[0016] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the real-time water wave sensing device further includes a signal processing unit and a display unit. The signal processing unit is used to receive a first signal and a sensed signal, process them, and then display the water wave parameters and waveform images on the display unit.

[0017] Another aspect of this disclosure provides a water wave detection method based on the above-mentioned dual-layer array structure water wave real-time sensing device, comprising: acquiring scene information of the liquid to be tested, determining the setting parameters of the first array unit and the second array unit of the dual-layer array; attaching multiple water wave real-time sensing devices to positions that can generate impact and friction with the surface of the liquid to be tested, in order to acquire a first signal and a sensing signal; performing noise reduction, filtering, and amplification processing on the first signal and the sensing signal acquired from different positions to obtain the water wave characteristic signal of the liquid to be tested; and obtaining a real-time display of the water wave morphology through a signal processing unit and a display unit.

[0018] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0019] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the real-time water wave sensing device and detection method based on a dual-layer array structure disclosed herein have at least one or a portion of the following beneficial effects:

[0020] (1) It breaks free from the limitations of bulky traditional power generation and sensor devices and the need for large-scale waves, realizing self-powered sensing, greatly reducing the complexity of design components, and making the system simple, efficient and convenient. The device is lightweight, flexible and low cost, and is almost not limited by the application scenario. It can collect energy and information that are easily overlooked in life, greatly improving energy utilization efficiency;

[0021] (2) The flexible electronic array method is used to collect water wave signals. Compared with traditional methods such as detectors to monitor water level, it can more comprehensively grasp the specific shape and characteristics of the waveform and accumulate valuable real-time water wave change data for research, rather than just the water level height. Moreover, the underwater environment has a great influence on the signal of traditional devices, especially optical devices, and the operating status of the devices themselves. This array is encapsulated with waterproof materials, which serve as both an encapsulation layer and an electrostatic layer. This not only protects the device's working state underwater but also utilizes the underwater environment for output, simplifying the structure, turning disadvantages into advantages, and greatly improving feasibility.

[0022] (3) The dual-layer array adopts a multi-channel interlayer cross-vertical design, which can not only ensure precise control of a pixel, but also greatly reduce the number of ports of the lead-out circuit, simplify the device design, and efficiently complete the function.

[0023] (4) The backend is equipped with a mobile client or other terminal, which can display the signal of the array points lit up, the value of exceeding the target water level, and the actual water wave digital shape restored by the algorithm in real time, and provide users with hydrological accumulation data to provide early warning or improvement suggestions for urban flooding. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the layered display of a real-time water wave sensing device based on a dual-layer array structure according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the combined water wave real-time sensing device based on a dual-layer array structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a real-time water wave sensing device based on a dual-layer array structure, which includes a signal processing unit and a display unit, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the real-time water wave detection method based on a dual-layer array structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] [Explanation of key component symbols in the accompanying drawings of this disclosure embodiment]

[0029] 1-Electrostatic friction layer;

[0030] 2-First array unit;

[0031] 3-Insulating layer;

[0032] 4-Second array unit;

[0033] 5-Encapsulation layer;

[0034] 6- Flexible sensor devices;

[0035] 7-Pull-down circuit connection board;

[0036] 8-Core circuit board;

[0037] 9-Bluetooth module;

[0038] 10 - Display Unit. Detailed Implementation

[0039] This disclosure provides a real-time water wave sensing device and detection method based on a dual-layer array structure. Flexible packaging technology is used to encapsulate the sensor, preventing water from penetrating the internal structure and causing failure when the sensor comes into contact with water waves, and avoiding limitations on application scenarios due to water affecting the connected wires. This sensing device has advantages such as flexibility, waterproofing, easy attachment to various surfaces, chemical stability, real-time monitoring, and real-time analysis. The water wave waveform of the measured liquid can be viewed on mobile apps and other clients, showing great potential in hydrological monitoring, smart cities, and the Internet of Things.

[0040] Given the existing problems in current technologies, it is necessary to utilize IoT technology to improve the efficiency of flood control and emergency response, achieving transparent and quantitative monitoring of waterlogging management. Furthermore, adjustments to device design can enable more functions, such as routine hydrological and water quality monitoring and recording. The integration of multiple functions can also further improve the smart platform. According to relevant research, flexible self-powered sensors have become a widely used and important implementation method in IoT systems. Mechanical energy and ocean tidal energy, ubiquitous in daily life, can be collected by flexible power generation and sensors, including in areas easily overlooked by traditional large-scale power generation devices, thus greatly improving energy utilization efficiency. In particular, ocean wave devices can not only generate electricity using the ever-flowing green tidal energy, alleviating the pressure on traditional power grids, but also serve as part of a big data model, collecting real-time hydrological information. This information is then analyzed by circuits and transmitted wirelessly to base stations for aggregation, accumulating crucial data for cutting-edge scientific research, maritime safety, marine hydrological exploration, and urban flooding emergencies.

[0041] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this disclosure clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0042] In this embodiment of the disclosure, a real-time water wave sensing device based on a dual-layer array structure is provided, including a flexible sensor element. The flexible sensor element is disposed at the surface of the liquid to be measured, such that a portion of the sensor element is located below the liquid surface, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the sensor device comprises, from the outside to the inside, the following components:

[0043] The electrostatic friction layer 1 is made of a flexible waterproof film material. The portion of the electrostatic friction layer below the liquid surface contacts and rubs against the liquid to be tested, thereby generating an electrical signal.

[0044] The first array unit 2 includes a plurality of first sensors arranged in an array. Each first sensor in the portion of the first array unit located below the liquid surface emits a first signal under the action of the electrical signal.

[0045] Insulating layer 3 is made of flexible insulating material;

[0046] The second array unit 4 includes a plurality of arrayed sensing sensors, each of which is overlapped with each of the first sensors across the insulating layer, and is used to generate a sensing signal under the action of a first signal emitted by the corresponding first sensor; and

[0047] The encapsulation layer 5 is made of flexible insulating material and is used to fix the sensing device at the surface of the liquid to be measured.

[0048] The electrostatic friction layer is made of polyvinyl chloride, and the first sensor and / or the sensing sensor is made of silver paste.

[0049] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the first sensors in each row of the first array unit are interconnected and each is provided with a first signal output interface. The sensing sensors in each column of the second array unit are interconnected and each is provided with a sensing signal output interface.

[0050] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the first array unit includes six rows of first sensors, with each row including four first sensors. The first sensors in each row are connected and lead to a first signal interface. The first sensors in different rows are used to detect liquids at different heights, thereby emitting a first signal from the corresponding first signal interface to determine the real-time liquid level change. The second array unit includes four columns of sensing sensors, with each column including six sensing sensors. The sensing sensors in each column are connected and lead to a sensing signal interface, and the water wave characteristics of the liquid to be measured are determined through the sensing signals.

[0051] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the water wave characteristic signal of the liquid to be tested is obtained through the timing signal of the first signal and the sensing signal.

[0052] According to embodiments of this disclosure, such as Figure 3 As shown, the real-time water wave sensing device based on a dual-layer array structure also includes a signal processing unit and a display unit 10. The signal processing unit includes a pull-down circuit connection board 7, a core circuit board 8 (e.g., Arduino mega2560), and a Bluetooth module 9. The signal processing unit is used to receive the first signal and the sensing signal, process them, and then display the water wave parameters and waveform images on the display unit.

[0053] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the device may include, for example, a thin-film dual-layer 4×6 array for real-time sensing of water wave impact and a mobile app or other display unit terminal for display. The sensing array is attached to the part of the container wall or the outer perimeter of the hull that is in contact with the water. Each sensing device includes, for example, a self-powered dual-layer 4×6 array as a sensor; noise reduction, filtering, and amplification circuits for signal processing; an ADC conversion circuit; and a Bluetooth communication module. The sensor is in direct contact with the water, and the water wave directly impacts the device and generates friction, producing a real-time waveform signal; the back-end signal processing unit acquires and processes the water wave waveform; the Bluetooth communication module transmits the processed waveform signal to a mobile phone or other mobile device. The mobile device calculates the output threshold and extracts the temporal characteristics of the water wave signal characteristic peaks, and converts these characteristics into a real-time waveform shape through a pre-established program model, expressing the specific shape of the waveform by whether the array points are output for display. This device can realize real-time monitoring of water wave waveforms. Flexible packaging technology is used to encapsulate the device, avoiding the internal structure from being immersed in water and failing when in contact with water waves, and preventing the connected wires from being affected by water, thus limiting the application scenarios. This device has advantages such as being flexible, waterproof, easy to attach to various surfaces, chemically stable, and capable of real-time monitoring and analysis. Waveforms can be viewed on mobile apps and other clients, and it has great potential in hydrological monitoring, smart cities, and the Internet of Things.

[0054] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the electrostatic friction layer may be selected from polyvinyl chloride (PVC), the material of the sensor in the dual-layer array may be selected from silver paste (or other highly conductive and easily patternable metals), the signal processing unit should include noise reduction, filtering and signal amplification functions, the ADC conversion circuit should meet the requirement of distortion-free transmission of water wave waveform signals, and the Bluetooth module should have the ability to transmit signals without delay.

[0055] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a mobile app or other terminal has Bluetooth receiving capabilities, allowing users to connect via a Bluetooth module to view the displayed results. The app should integrate a time-series signal extraction function for water wave signal characteristic peaks, a dual-channel threshold triggering mode for each array point, and a program to convert the triggered output into a multi-parameter waveform image for display.

[0056] According to the embodiments of this disclosure, the time-series signal extraction function of the characteristic peak of the water wave characteristic signal should have the function of extracting the characteristics of the output signal and the induction signal generated when the water wave is rubbed and impacted. In addition, due to the large ambient noise in the underwater environment, it is necessary to have the functions of resolution, filtering and noise reduction during signal extraction.

[0057] According to the embodiments of this disclosure, the test results should include the real-time output curves of the ten sensing channels, the effective signals after separation, noise reduction, and filtering, the array point trigger switch jointly controlled by the dual channels, and the real-time water waveform display image and hydrological early warning suggestions.

[0058] According to the embodiments of this disclosure, the sensors in the first array unit and the second array unit are rectangular arrays; for small wavy and small-area attachment areas, the number of pixels, i.e., the number of channels, the pixel spacing, and the pixel area size can be adjusted.

[0059] According to embodiments of this disclosure, timing signals of a first signal and a sensed signal are acquired, and both simultaneously control the triggering of a pixel's response. The timing signals of the first signal and the sensed signal are subjected to noise reduction, filtering, and amplification processing to obtain a clear output peak shape. The timing feature peak shape is then used for feature extraction, and the extracted pixel positions where both signals are simultaneously triggered are located. The sensed signal has an extremely short delay and minimal attenuation compared to the output signal. The above parameters are processed and calculated to generate a set of triggered pixels. A real-time image of the water wave morphology can be obtained by converting the image into a waveform image. Users only need to attach the device as required and connect via Bluetooth to view the water wave waveform and other parameters in real time, and can receive hydrological warnings and smart city linkage suggestions from the APP.

[0060] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the sensing device should be accurately attached to the floating part of the water surface, neither completely submerged nor completely above the water surface.

[0061] According to the embodiments of this disclosure, to ensure the optimal angle of the interface circuits when the water is submerged, all channel lead-out circuits are in the same direction, while the output layer pixels are horizontally connected and the sensing layer pixels are vertically connected. The output layer mainly serves as a water level indicator, while the timing signal characteristic width of the sensing layer is used to determine the specific wave shape. The two-layer array is separated by PVC, and the channels are arranged at mutually perpendicular angles to collect water wave output signals and sensing signals. The back end has an interface circuit for noise reduction, filtering, and amplification of the acquired voltage / current signals. The processed signal is transmitted to a computer or mobile phone via a Bluetooth module. The signal receiving end extracts the signal features using assembly language and uses the model obtained by comparison, calculation, and correction to transform the water wave timing signal into a calculated real-time waveform status display diagram, thereby accumulating marine hydrological data and providing suggestions for urban flooding early warning.

[0062] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the back-end interface circuit includes a jitter differential noise reduction module, a signal filtering module, a signal amplification module, and a Bluetooth transmission module.

[0063] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the component integrating the array and interface lead-out circuit is encapsulated with a flexible material and designed as a thin-film structure for easy attachment.

[0064] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a mobile app can display in real time the water wave output signal, the value exceeding the target water level, and the actual digital shape of the water wave reconstructed by the algorithm, and provide user action suggestions.

[0065] This disclosure also provides a water wave detection method based on the above-mentioned dual-layer array structure water wave real-time sensing device, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the detection method includes:

[0066] Operation S1: Collect scene information of the liquid to be tested and determine the setting parameters of the first and second array units of the dual-layer array; for example, determine the number, size and spacing of sensors in the first and second array units.

[0067] Operation S2: Attach multiple real-time water wave sensors to a position that can generate impact and friction with the surface of the liquid to be measured, in order to obtain the first signal and the sensing signal;

[0068] Operation S3: The first signal and the induced signal acquired from different locations are denoised, filtered, and amplified to obtain the water wave characteristic signal of the liquid under test; and

[0069] Operation S4: Real-time display of water wave pattern is obtained through signal processing unit and display unit.

[0070] Due to the complex and noisy underwater environment, special attention must be paid to signal discrimination. The timing information corresponding to the characteristic peaks of the water wave waveform output is extracted, and the trigger channel position is calculated. Based on the obtained first signal and the timing information parameters corresponding to the characteristic peaks of the induced signal output, a corresponding model is established through program writing by correlating the correlation between whether the corresponding pixels on the display unit are lit and these parameters, thus achieving real-time display of the water wave morphology.

[0071] Preferably, based on the structural characteristics of the device design, within the range of general water wave impact force, the output signal is about 40V, and the induced signal is slightly smaller than the output signal;

[0072] Preferably, the principle of the dual-layer array is to combine the two modes of single-electrode charge collection and charge sensing, which respectively constitute the output layer and the sensing layer. The two array channels are perpendicular to each other, and two straight lines determine whether a pixel is lit or not.

[0073] Preferably, a correlation analysis is performed between the obtained parameters and the actual water wave morphology, and parameters with high correlation are selected. In actual operation, due to the characteristics of the device structure, the properties of the selected materials, and the underwater environment, signal crosstalk may occur. This requires extensive comparison, calculation, and fitting correction between the target illuminated pixels and the actual illuminated pixels to complete the task of daily real-time monitoring of water wave status with the optimal correction program model.

[0074] Preferably, in operation S1, a scenario where a smooth, attachable thin-film device is selected is chosen. The device array is attached to a position that is just covered by the water surface as the water level fluctuates, preventing the water waves from submerging the array for an extended period or from rubbing against it. The output and sensing timing signals generated by the friction and impact of the water waves on the device are collected.

[0075] In operation S2, the acquired water wave characteristic timing signal is denoised, filtered, and amplified by the circuit to obtain a stable and continuous signal waveform with obvious characteristic peaks. This prepares for subsequent extraction of the timing information of the output waveform and the inductive waveform of the corresponding channel, as well as the identification of their corresponding superposition. It should be noted that due to the special underwater environment and high noise levels, the denoising and filtering stages for specific frequencies implemented in the circuit are more important than those of traditional devices.

[0076] In operation S3, the signal waveforms with distinct characteristic peaks obtained from operation S2 (when not all array points participate in friction) are divided into output waveforms for 6 channels (within the same layer) and induction waveforms for 4 channels (within another layer). When one array point participates in friction, both the output and induction at that point are triggered simultaneously. The intersection of one output channel and one induction channel determines the position of the illuminated point. The processed multi-channel data are then superimposed and identified to determine the position of the array point interacting with the water wave.

[0077] In signal acquisition, due to the underlying logic of triboelectric power generation, especially for multi-channel array devices, crosstalk between different channels may occur. Algorithms are applied to remove non-target characteristic timing peaks and data with large fluctuations, so as to avoid deviations in the process of matching channels to each other and locating array points.

[0078] The collected information (first signal and induced signal) will serve as characteristic parameters for determining the array points in the illumination method to reconstruct the water wave morphology, and will also be used as calculation parameters for separating crosstalk signals and completing program corrections when comparing with the actual waveform. Theoretically, the longer the target water wave is collected, the higher the accuracy of the final model will be, and the diversity of collected parameters and the accumulation time can also lay a solid foundation for hydrological research.

[0079] In operation S4, the positions of all the array points that are lit up, extracted and calculated in the above steps, are collected and integrated, and compared with the actual water wave situation. The parts with obvious deviations are modified, and the model is calibrated by long-term and repeated water wave impacts to achieve the effect of fitting and correction.

[0080] Furthermore, using the corrected dot matrix as the baseline for water wave pattern reconstruction, algorithmic conversion is performed on display units such as mobile phones or computers to restore and display the waveform state in real time, while continuously recording data. The model can also be compared with actual water wave patterns obtained through other means to correct and adjust the model. Early warnings for urban flooding disasters can be issued based on different waveform states, thus improving the construction of smart cities.

[0081] Furthermore, when using the device, users simply need to attach the device system to the appropriate location and wait for the device and the mobile APP to connect via Bluetooth. The mobile APP can then display the water wave waveform and hydrological parameter information in real time and provide suggestions for the parameters.

[0082] Using pre-made templates, two arrays with opposite connection directions are screen-printed on two PVC sheets and then bonded together. Electrodes for each channel are led out at the pad of the lead circuit, and then the device is encapsulated using raw materials. The electrodes of the ten channels are connected to a signal processing unit, which is then connected to a Bluetooth module. The Bluetooth module wirelessly connects to computing terminals such as mobile phones or computers, forming a functional device with stable mechanical properties and signal transmission capabilities.

[0083] After the functional components are manufactured, they are attached to the target scene. The flexible array has good bending performance and is easy to adapt to various scenarios.

[0084] The embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that implementations not illustrated or described in the drawings or the main text of the specification are forms known to those skilled in the art and are not described in detail. Furthermore, the definitions of the various elements and methods described above are not limited to the specific structures, shapes, or methods mentioned in the embodiments, and those skilled in the art can easily modify or substitute them.

[0085] Based on the above description, those skilled in the art should have a clear understanding of the real-time water wave sensing device and detection method based on a dual-layer array structure disclosed herein.

[0086] In summary, this disclosure provides a real-time water wave sensing device and detection method based on a dual-layer array structure, enabling real-time monitoring of water wave waveforms. The flexible packaging technology used to encapsulate the sensing device avoids the internal structure from being submerged in water and failing when in contact with water waves, as well as the limitations imposed by water on the connected wires. This device offers advantages such as flexibility, waterproofing, ease of surface mounting, chemical stability, real-time monitoring, and real-time analysis. Waveforms can be viewed on mobile apps and other clients, demonstrating significant potential in hydrological monitoring, smart cities, and the Internet of Things.

[0087] It should also be noted that the above are different embodiments provided by this disclosure. These embodiments are used to illustrate the technical content of this disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this disclosure. A feature of one embodiment can be applied to other embodiments through suitable modifications, substitutions, combinations, or separations.

[0088] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified herein, having "a" element is not limited to having a single element, but may include one or more of the elements.

[0089] Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, the ordinal numbers such as "first," "second," etc., used herein are merely for distinguishing multiple elements with the same name and do not indicate any hierarchy, order of execution, or process sequence among them. A "first" element and a "second" element may appear together in the same component or separately in different components. The presence of an element with a higher ordinal number does not necessarily indicate the presence of another element with a lower ordinal number.

[0090] In this article, unless otherwise specified, the so-called characteristic A "or" ( o The term "r" or "and / or" for feature B means that A exists alone, B exists alone, or A and B exist simultaneously; the term "and" or "and" or "and" for feature A means that A and B exist simultaneously; the terms "including", "containing", "having", and "containing" refer to, but are not limited to, these.

[0091] Furthermore, in this document, terms such as "up," "down," "left," "right," "front," "back," or "between" are used only to describe the relative positions of multiple elements and can be extended to include translation, rotation, or mirroring. Additionally, unless otherwise specified, the statement "one element is on another element" or similar statements do not necessarily indicate that the element is in contact with the other element.

[0092] Furthermore, unless specifically described or required to occur in a specific order, the order of the above steps is not limited to those listed above and can be varied or rearranged according to the desired design. Moreover, the above embodiments can be used in combination with each other or with other embodiments based on design and reliability considerations; that is, technical features from different embodiments can be freely combined to form more embodiments.

[0093] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this disclosure. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of this disclosure and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure should be included within the protection scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A real-time water wave sensing device based on a dual-layer array structure, comprising a flexible sensor element disposed at the surface of the liquid to be measured, such that a portion of the sensor element is located below the liquid surface, wherein the sensor element comprises, from the outside to the inside: An electrostatic friction layer is made of a flexible waterproof film material. The portion of the electrostatic friction layer below the liquid surface contacts and rubs against the liquid to be tested, thereby generating an electrical signal. The first array unit includes multiple first sensors arranged in an array, and each first sensor in the portion of the first array unit located below the liquid surface emits a first signal under the action of the electrical signal. The insulating layer is made of flexible insulating material; The second array unit includes multiple arrayed sensing sensors, each of which is overlapped with each of the first sensors across the insulating layer, and is used to generate a sensing signal under the action of a first signal emitted by the corresponding first sensor; as well as The encapsulation layer is made of flexible insulating material and is used to fix the sensing device at the surface of the liquid to be measured. The first sensors in each row of the first array unit are interconnected and are provided with a first signal output interface; the sensing sensors in each column of the second array unit are interconnected and are provided with a sensing signal output interface; the first sensors in different rows are used to detect the liquid to be tested at different heights, thereby emitting a first signal from the corresponding first signal interface, thereby determining the real-time liquid level change of the liquid to be tested, and obtaining the water wave characteristic signal of the liquid to be tested through the timing signal of the first signal and the sensing signal; the principle of the dual-layer array structure is to combine the two modes of single electrode charge collection and charge sensing, which constitute the output layer and the sensing layer respectively. The dual-layer array structure adopts multi-channel interlayer cross-vertical, and the lighting of a pixel is determined by two straight lines.

2. The real-time water wave sensing device based on a dual-layer array structure according to claim 1, wherein: The first array unit includes 6 rows of first sensors, each row includes 4 first sensors, and the first sensors in each row are connected to lead out a first signal interface. The second array unit includes four columns of sensors, each column containing six sensors, and each column of sensors is connected to lead out a sensor signal interface.

3. The water wave real-time sensing device based on a dual-layer array structure according to claim 1, wherein the material of the electrostatic friction layer is polyvinyl chloride, and the material for fabricating the first sensor and / or the sensing sensor is silver paste.

4. The real-time water wave sensing device based on a dual-layer array structure according to claim 1 further includes a signal processing unit and a display unit, wherein the signal processing unit is used to receive the first signal and the sensing signal, process them, and then display the water wave parameters and waveform images on the display unit.

5. A water wave detection method based on the dual-layer array structure of the water wave real-time sensing device according to any one of claims 1-4, comprising: Collect scene information about the liquid to be tested to determine the setting parameters of the first and second array units of the dual-layer array; Multiple real-time water wave sensors are attached to locations where they can generate impact and friction with the surface of the liquid being measured, in order to acquire the first signal and the sensing signal. The first signal and the induced signal obtained from different locations are denoised, filtered and amplified to obtain the water wave characteristic signal of the liquid under test. as well as The water wave pattern is displayed in real time through the signal processing unit and the display unit.

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