A dynamic generation device for single-machine nominal velocity profiles based on data links.

Abstract

A dynamic generation device for single-aircraft nominal velocity profiles based on data links can effectively improve the accuracy of flight over-time prediction. It comprises: an airborne information processing system, a ground information acquisition system, and a fusion computing processing center. The airborne information processing system consists of an airborne information acquisition module and a profile data display module. The ground information acquisition system consists of three sub-modules: an airspace situation information acquisition module, an air traffic control meteorological information acquisition module, and an air traffic control restriction information acquisition module. The fusion computing processing center consists of three sub-modules: an airborne data processing module, a ground information fusion module, and a velocity profile calculation module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of civil aviation airspace data processing, and in particular to a dynamic generation device for single-aircraft nominal speed profiles based on data links. It combines the airborne attitude information, high-altitude atmospheric environment detection information, crew intention information, and airline performance parameters output by avionics equipment in real time through a safety-class air-to-ground data link with airspace situation, control instructions, restriction information, air traffic control meteorological information, and other information from the air traffic control ground system to dynamically generate single-aircraft nominal speed profiles, effectively refining the calculation of aircraft estimated arrival time and optimizing airspace passage. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the civil aviation industry, air traffic volume has increased rapidly, leading to frequent problems such as route congestion and conflicts. To optimize airspace passage and achieve efficient and flexible airspace use, this invention utilizes a safety-class air-to-ground data link to transmit in real-time airborne data, including airborne attitude information, high-altitude atmospheric environment detection information, crew intent information, and airline performance parameters, combined with relevant information from the air traffic control system. This dynamically generates a nominal speed profile for each aircraft and refines the predicted arrival times of subsequent points for flights. This overcomes the challenges of traditional air traffic control systems in obtaining real-time information on crew intent, airline performance limitations, and high-altitude atmospheric environment, effectively improving the accuracy of flight arrival time predictions, optimizing convergence and pre-sorting of arrival points, and improving airspace operations.

[0003] Traditional air traffic control systems use aircraft dynamics models and performance parameters, combined with flight plans, to predict flight paths. However, this method fails to consider factors such as the atmospheric environment, airline-defined performance limitations for routes / aircraft types, and crew intentions, resulting in limited precision, high uncertainty, and large arrival time windows. This new method utilizes a safety-based air-to-ground data link to achieve real-time downlink of pre-set airline route performance limitations, dynamically updating the single-aircraft nominal speed profile model and optimal flight cost parameters. It also uses the same data link to achieve real-time downlink of crew intention information, including activated routes, altitude, speed, and offset, improving the accuracy of calculating key points on the aircraft flight path and the single-aircraft nominal speed profile. Furthermore, it uses the same data link to achieve real-time downlink of upper-altitude atmospheric environment information collected by aircraft meteorological detection equipment, combining this information with ground-based air traffic control meteorological information to optimize the upper-altitude atmospheric environment calculation model and improve the accuracy of single-aircraft nominal speed profile calculation. This improves the accuracy of flight arrival time prediction, enhances airspace operational efficiency, and effectively achieves energy conservation and emission reduction. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a dynamic generation device for the nominal speed profile of a single aircraft based on a data link, which can effectively improve the accuracy of flight over-point time prediction.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: a dynamic generation device for single-machine nominal velocity profile based on data link, which includes: an airborne information processing system, a ground information receiving system, and a fusion computing processing center;

[0006] The airborne information processing system consists of an airborne information acquisition module and a profile data display module. The airborne information acquisition module acquires, fuses, and compresses airborne data and transmits it in real time to the fusion computing and processing center based on a secure air-to-ground data link. The profile data display module receives and displays the nominal speed profile data of a single unit uploaded by the fusion computing and processing center based on the secure air-to-ground data link.

[0007] The ground information acquisition system consists of three sub-modules: an airspace situation information acquisition module, an air traffic control meteorological information acquisition module, and an air traffic control restriction information acquisition module. The airspace situation information acquisition module acquires real-time aircraft situation information within the airspace, supporting the collection, comparison, splitting, and fusion of multiple flight path situation information. This information is then fed into the ground information fusion module at the fusion computing and processing center for fusion with the airborne attitude information transmitted down from the safety-type ground-to-air data link. The air traffic control meteorological information acquisition module acquires various types of air traffic control meteorological information released by meteorological departments, supporting the collection and processing of multiple meteorological information and the fusion of observation, forecasting, and warning information for the same meteorological element. This information is then fed into the fusion computing and processing center. The ground information fusion module of the computing processing center merges with the atmospheric environment detection data transmitted from the safety-type air-to-ground data link to correct the upper-altitude atmospheric environment model and improve the accuracy of the nominal speed profile calculation. The air traffic control restriction information acquisition module acquires control instructions and various restriction information issued by air traffic control within the airspace, supports the collection, processing, and identification of affected flights of various control instructions and restriction information. The above information is transmitted to the ground information fusion module of the fusion computing processing center and merged with the airborne equipment restriction information transmitted from the safety-type air-to-ground data link. The restriction information constraints are introduced into the nominal speed profile and the instantaneous speed of the nominal speed profile is corrected, and the nominal speed profile calculation model is dynamically optimized.

[0008] The fusion computing processing center consists of three sub-modules: an airborne data processing module, a ground information fusion module, and a velocity profile calculation module. The airborne data processing module receives and processes various types of airborne data collected by the airborne information acquisition module of the airborne information processing system and transmitted down via a safe air-to-ground data link. The ground information fusion module merges the control ground system data received by the ground information access system with the airborne data received by the airborne data processing module, providing a data foundation for the velocity profile calculation module. The velocity profile calculation module calculates the nominal velocity profile data of a single aircraft based on the airborne data and the fused ground information, and sends it to the airborne equipment via the data link.

[0009] This invention collects in real-time airborne attitude information output from the aircraft bus, real-time high-altitude atmospheric environment detection information collected by the aircraft's meteorological detection equipment, crew intent information such as the activation route set by the crew through the airborne FMS, and performance parameters set by the airline for different routes / aircraft types, and transmits them based on a safe-type air-to-ground data link. At the ground end, it combines airspace situation, control instructions, restriction information, air traffic control meteorological information, and various airborne information transmitted based on the safe-type air-to-ground data link to dynamically generate a single aircraft nominal speed profile, effectively improving the accuracy of flight arrival time prediction. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dynamic generation device for a single-machine nominal speed profile based on a data link according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0011] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0012] To make the description of this disclosure more detailed and complete, illustrative descriptions of embodiments and specific examples of the present invention are provided below; however, these are not the only forms of implementing or utilizing the specific examples of the present invention. The embodiments cover features of multiple specific examples, as well as the apparatus steps and their sequence for constructing and operating these specific examples. However, other specific examples may also be used to achieve the same or equivalent functions and sequence of steps.

[0013] like Figure 1 As shown, this dynamic generation device for single-machine nominal velocity profile based on data link includes: an airborne information processing system, a ground information receiving system, and a fusion computing processing center.

[0014] The airborne information processing system consists of an airborne information acquisition module and a profile data display module. The airborne information acquisition module acquires, fuses, and compresses airborne data and transmits it in real time to the fusion computing and processing center based on a secure air-to-ground data link. The profile data display module receives and displays the nominal speed profile data of a single unit uploaded by the fusion computing and processing center based on the secure air-to-ground data link.

[0015] The ground information acquisition system consists of three sub-modules: an airspace situation information acquisition module, an air traffic control meteorological information acquisition module, and an air traffic control restriction information acquisition module. The airspace situation information acquisition module acquires real-time aircraft situation information within the airspace, supporting the collection, comparison, splitting, and fusion of multiple flight path situation information. This information is then fed into the ground information fusion module at the fusion computing and processing center for fusion with the airborne attitude information transmitted down from the safety-type ground-to-air data link. The air traffic control meteorological information acquisition module acquires various types of air traffic control meteorological information released by meteorological departments, supporting the collection and processing of multiple meteorological information and the fusion of observation, forecasting, and warning information for the same meteorological element. This information is then fed into the fusion computing and processing center. The ground information fusion module of the computing processing center merges with the atmospheric environment detection data transmitted from the safety-type air-to-ground data link to correct the upper-altitude atmospheric environment model and improve the accuracy of the nominal speed profile calculation. The air traffic control restriction information acquisition module acquires control instructions and various restriction information issued by air traffic control within the airspace, supports the collection, processing, and identification of affected flights of various control instructions and restriction information. The above information is transmitted to the ground information fusion module of the fusion computing processing center and merged with the airborne equipment restriction information transmitted from the safety-type air-to-ground data link. The restriction information constraints are introduced into the nominal speed profile and the instantaneous speed of the nominal speed profile is corrected, and the nominal speed profile calculation model is dynamically optimized.

[0016] The fusion computing processing center consists of three sub-modules: an airborne data processing module, a ground information fusion module, and a velocity profile calculation module. The airborne data processing module receives and processes various types of airborne data collected by the airborne information acquisition module of the airborne information processing system and transmitted down via a safe air-to-ground data link. The ground information fusion module merges the control ground system data received by the ground information access system with the airborne data received by the airborne data processing module, providing a data foundation for the velocity profile calculation module. The velocity profile calculation module calculates the nominal velocity profile data of a single aircraft based on the airborne data and the fused ground information, and sends it to the airborne equipment via the data link.

[0017] This invention collects in real-time airborne attitude information output from the aircraft bus, real-time high-altitude atmospheric environment detection information collected by the aircraft's meteorological detection equipment, crew intent information such as the activation route set by the crew through the airborne FMS, and performance parameters set by the airline for different routes / aircraft types, and transmits them based on a safe-type air-to-ground data link. At the ground end, it combines airspace situation, control instructions, restriction information, air traffic control meteorological information, and various airborne information transmitted based on the safe-type air-to-ground data link to dynamically generate a single aircraft nominal speed profile, effectively improving the accuracy of flight arrival time prediction.

[0018] Preferably, the airborne information acquisition module acquires, fuses, and compresses airborne data such as airborne attitude information, high-altitude atmospheric environment detection information, crew intent information, and airline performance parameters, and transmits this data in real time to the fusion computing and processing center via a secure air-to-ground data link. The airborne information acquisition module also acquires high-altitude atmospheric environment detection data such as wind direction / speed, temperature, humidity, real-time turbulence, and icing conditions along the flight path, and transmits this data in real time via a secure air-to-ground data link, effectively overcoming the limitations of traditional ground-based weather radars in covering high-altitude flight paths and their limited spatiotemporal resolution. This module utilizes airborne interface equipment to collect real-time data from the airborne bus, including the aircraft's current pitch angle, roll angle, yaw angle, fuel flow rate, remaining fuel, weight, load balance, and empty fuel status. The information on the center of gravity is transmitted down via a safety-class air-to-ground data link and combined with ground radar surveillance data to achieve aircraft situational awareness sharing. In addition to the engine performance parameters of each aircraft type, the airline performance parameters also include the performance limits, cost index, maximum flight speed, economic cruise altitude, economic climb performance, economic cruise performance, and economic descent performance preset by each airline for the route and aircraft type in the onboard FMS set by the flight crew before the flight. This module realizes the collection of the above information and transmits it down in real time via a safety-class air-to-ground data link. It is used to determine the maximum speed of the nominal speed profile of a single aircraft and the optimal profile model with the goal of the lowest cost and lowest fuel consumption. This helps the ground control system to optimize the calculation of the nominal speed profile of a single aircraft and achieve cost reduction and efficiency improvement.

[0019] Preferably, after the airborne information acquisition module collects and integrates the information, in order to realize the downlink based on the existing airborne equipment capabilities and the ground-to-air data link network capabilities, the existing airborne acquisition data will be integrated and compressed. Redundant data will be eliminated according to the selection principle of maximum information volume and minimum redundancy. After compression, the data will be transmitted to the fusion computing and processing center based on the security-type ground-to-air data link.

[0020] Preferably, the profile data display module displays the nominal speed profile data of a single aircraft. The nominal speed profile information of a single aircraft uploaded by the fusion computing processing center based on the secure air-to-ground data link will be decoded in this module. The following steps are performed: permission verification confirms that the uplink nominal speed profile is the profile information of the current flight; validity verification confirms whether the uplink nominal speed profile meets the various parameter restrictions preset in the onboard equipment of the current flight; integrity verification confirms whether the uplink nominal speed profile is complete and usable; to ensure that the uplink information is still valid and consistent for the current flight and to avoid data failure due to processing and transmission delays, timeliness verification confirms whether the uplink nominal speed profile has exceeded the usable time limit; consistency verification confirms whether the uplink nominal speed profile is consistent with the current flight path and altitude. If the two are inconsistent, it is determined whether the profile can be reached by the current onboard equipment's preset maximum climb / descent speed and maximum cruise speed.

[0021] Preferably, the uplink single-aircraft nominal speed profile completed by the profile data display module will be graphically displayed based on the onboard electronic flight bag. It has dual view display of nominal altitude / speed profile composed of altitude / speed-time / range and top view display combined with GIS engine. At the same time, it supports the graphical overlay of flight current position and attitude information, flight plan route, meteorological information and intelligence information to provide the crew with auxiliary decision-making and improve flight safety.

[0022] Preferably, the airborne data processing module receives and processes various types of airborne data collected by the airborne information acquisition module of the airborne information processing system and transmitted based on the safe air-to-ground data link. The above information is decomposed and data items are extracted through message template splitting; integrity verification is performed to verify the integrity of data items and ensure the integrity of data transmission; validity verification uses the estimated error as the weight to verify the value range and credibility of each data item, reduce data error, reduce data fluctuation, and ensure data accuracy; after completing various verifications, the data is transmitted to the ground information fusion module.

[0023] Preferably, the ground information fusion module fuses the air traffic control ground system data received by the ground information receiving system with the airborne data received by the airborne data processing module. For airborne attitude information and high-altitude atmospheric environment information transmitted via a safety-type air-to-ground data link, this module fuses them with the airspace situation and air traffic control meteorological information from the air traffic control ground system. Crew intention information and airline performance parameter information, which are not obtainable by traditional air traffic control ground systems, are processed by this module to complete airborne data fusion and provide a data foundation for the velocity profile calculation module. The airborne equipment provides multiple interfaces for acquiring airborne attitude information, high-altitude atmospheric environment information, and crew intention information output by different airborne components. Information such as airline performance parameters, sampled from different components, varies in data format, units, and values, resulting in significant differences from airspace situation and air traffic control meteorological products obtained from the ground control system. This module employs a supervised adaptation detection method to analyze overfitting issues in data from different components from the perspectives of airborne data, predictive data models, and predictive model adaptation. It eliminates useless data and constructs a weighted model for available data based on factors such as the source component, source system, data availability, and predictive model adaptability. The parameter learning process of the predictive data model is dynamically updated using instance weights, thereby achieving the fusion of airborne data and ground control system data and outputting it to the velocity profile calculation module.

[0024] Preferably, the velocity profile calculation module dynamically constructs a single-aircraft nominal velocity profile based on airborne data and ground-fused information. This module constructs an objective function based on various constraints such as fused airborne attitude information, meteorological information, crew intention information, airline performance parameters, and air traffic control restrictions. Using the aircraft as a point mass model, it sets influence weights for various constraints to construct a basic flight dynamic model based on flight status and various constraints. On this basis, based on the current flight phase and the dynamic equilibrium equation, it constructs a mapping between nominal velocity and instantaneous velocity. Considering the airline's performance constraints for different routes and aircraft types, it takes the lowest cost and lowest fuel consumption as the optimal objectives and combines the aircraft performance database and the airline's preset cost index and performance parameter restrictions to correct the instantaneous velocity. Considering the impact of human factors on flight, it uses the issuance of air traffic control instructions and changes in crew intention information as trigger conditions, and combines the crew intention information of altitude adjustment, speed adjustment, offset, and rerouting transmitted from the airborne system to correct the instantaneous velocity, dynamically constructing a cost-optimized nominal velocity profile composed of airspeed and range, and realizing trajectory prediction based on the single-aircraft nominal velocity profile.

[0025] The present invention will now be described in more detail.

[0026] This invention includes an airborne information processing system, a ground information receiving system, and a fusion computing processing center.

[0027] The airborne information processing system consists of two sub-modules: an airborne information acquisition module and a profile data display module. The airborne information acquisition module acquires, fuses, and compresses airborne data, and then transmits it in real-time to the fusion computing and processing center via a secure air-to-ground data link. The profile data display module receives and displays the single-aircraft nominal speed profile data uploaded by the fusion computing and processing center via the secure air-to-ground data link.

[0028] The airborne information acquisition module collects, fuses, and compresses airborne data such as airborne attitude information, high-altitude atmospheric environment detection information, crew intent information, and airline performance parameters, and then transmits this data in real time to the fusion computing and processing center via a secure air-to-ground data link. Currently, most civil aircraft in my country are equipped with meteorological sensors that can detect high-altitude atmospheric environment information such as wind direction / speed, temperature, humidity, onboard turbulence, and icing conditions in real time during flight. The airborne information acquisition module collects this high-altitude atmospheric environment detection data and transmits it in real time via a secure air-to-ground data link, effectively overcoming the limitations of traditional ground-based meteorological radars, such as their inability to cover high-altitude routes and their limited spatiotemporal resolution. Traditional ground-based radar surveillance data only includes basic attitude information such as the aircraft's current position, nose direction, altitude, and speed. This module utilizes airborne interface equipment to collect real-time data from the airborne bus, including the aircraft's current pitch angle, roll angle, yaw angle, fuel flow rate, remaining fuel, weight, load balance, and center of gravity without fuel. Information is transmitted via a secure air-to-ground data link and combined with ground radar surveillance data to achieve aircraft situational awareness sharing. Airline performance parameters include not only engine performance parameters for each aircraft type, but also pre-set performance limits, cost indices, maximum flight speed, economic cruise altitude, economic climb performance, economic cruise performance, and economic descent performance parameters set by the flight crew in the onboard FMS for the specific route and aircraft type. This module collects and transmits this information in real-time via a secure air-to-ground data link. This information can be used to determine the maximum nominal speed profile for a single aircraft and the optimal profile model with the goals of lowest cost and lowest fuel consumption. This helps the ground control system optimize the calculation of the nominal speed profile for a single aircraft, achieving cost reduction and efficiency improvement. After being collected and fused by this module, the information is further integrated and compressed to enable transmission based on existing airborne equipment capabilities and the air-to-ground data link network. Redundant data is removed based on selection principles such as maximum information volume and minimum redundancy. After compression, the compressed data is transmitted to the fusion computing and processing center via a secure air-to-ground data link.

[0029] The profile data display module displays the nominal speed profile data of a single aircraft. The nominal speed profile information of a single aircraft uploaded by the fusion computing processing center based on a secure air-to-ground data link will be decoded in this module. The process involves: first, authorization verification to confirm that the uplink nominal speed profile is the profile information of the currently operating flight; second, validity verification to confirm whether the uplink nominal speed profile information meets the various preset parameter limits in the current flight's onboard equipment; third, integrity verification to confirm whether the uplink nominal speed profile information is complete and usable; fourth, to ensure that the uplink information remains valid and consistent for the current flight and to avoid data failure due to processing and transmission delays, timeliness verification to confirm whether the uplink nominal speed profile has exceeded its usable time limit; and fifth, consistency verification to confirm whether the uplink nominal speed profile matches the current flight path and altitude. If they do not match, it is necessary to determine whether the profile can be reached under the preset maximum climb / descent speed and maximum cruise speed limits of the current onboard equipment. The uplink single-aircraft nominal speed profile that has completed the above verification will be displayed graphically based on the onboard electronic flight bag. It has dual view display of nominal altitude / speed profile composed of altitude / speed-time / range and top view display combined with GIS engine. It also supports the graphical overlay of data such as current flight position and attitude information, flight plan route, meteorological information, and intelligence information to provide the crew with auxiliary decision-making and improve flight safety.

[0030] The ground information acquisition system consists of three sub-modules: airspace situation information acquisition module, air traffic control meteorological information acquisition module, and air traffic control restriction information acquisition module. The airspace situation information acquisition module acquires real-time aircraft situation information within the airspace, supporting the collection, comparison, splitting, and fusion of multiple flight path situation information. This information is then fed into the ground information fusion module at the fusion computing and processing center and fused with airborne attitude information transmitted via a safety-related ground-to-air data link to optimize the construction of the flight dynamics basic model and improve the accuracy of nominal velocity profile calculations. The air traffic control meteorological information acquisition module acquires various types of air traffic control meteorological information released by meteorological departments, such as low-altitude meteorological intelligence, airport special weather reports, numerical weather prediction, and meteorological radar data. It supports the collection and processing of multiple meteorological information sources and the fusion of observation, forecasting, and warning information for the same meteorological element. This information is then fed into the fusion computing and processing center. The center's ground information fusion module integrates with atmospheric environment detection data transmitted from the safety-type air-to-ground data link to correct the upper-altitude atmospheric environment model and improve the accuracy of nominal velocity profile calculation. The air traffic control restriction information acquisition module acquires control instructions and various restriction information issued by air traffic control within the airspace, such as NOTAMs and flow control restrictions. It supports the collection, processing, and identification of affected flights for various control instructions and restriction information. The above information is transmitted to the ground information fusion module of the fusion computing processing center and integrated with the airborne equipment restriction information transmitted from the safety-type air-to-ground data link. The restriction information constraints are introduced into the nominal velocity profile and the instantaneous velocity of the nominal velocity profile is corrected, dynamically optimizing the nominal velocity profile calculation model.

[0031] The fusion computing processing center consists of three sub-modules: an airborne data processing module, a ground information fusion module, and a velocity profile calculation module. The airborne data processing module receives and processes various types of airborne data collected by the airborne information acquisition module of the airborne information processing system and transmitted down via a safe-type air-to-ground data link. The ground information fusion module merges the control ground system data received by the ground information reception system with the airborne data received by the airborne data processing module, providing a data foundation for the velocity profile calculation module. The velocity profile calculation module calculates the nominal velocity profile data for a single aircraft based on the airborne data and the fused ground information, and transmits it to the airborne equipment via the data link.

[0032] The airborne data processing module receives and processes various types of airborne data collected by the airborne information acquisition module of the airborne information processing system and transmitted via a safe-type air-to-ground data link. This information is processed through message template splitting to decompose messages and extract data items; integrity checks verify the integrity of data items to ensure data transmission integrity; and validity checks use estimated errors as weights to verify the value range and reliability of each data item, reducing data errors and fluctuations to ensure data accuracy. After completing these checks, the data is transmitted to the ground information fusion module.

[0033] The ground information fusion module integrates data from the air traffic control ground system received by the ground information receiving system with airborne data received by the airborne data processing module. For airborne attitude information and upper-altitude atmospheric environment information transmitted via a safe-type air-to-ground data link, this module integrates them with airspace situation and air traffic control meteorological information from the air traffic control ground system. Information such as crew intent and airline performance parameters, which are not obtainable by traditional air traffic control ground systems, undergoes airborne data fusion processing in this module, providing a data foundation for the velocity profile calculation module. The airborne equipment provides multiple interfaces for acquiring airborne attitude information, upper-altitude atmospheric environment information, crew intent information, and airline performance parameters output from different airborne components. Data sampled from different components differs in data format, units, and values, resulting in significant differences from the airspace situation and air traffic control meteorological products received by the air traffic control ground system. This module employs a supervised adaptation detection method to analyze overfitting issues in data from different components at the levels of airborne data, prediction data models, and prediction model adaptation. It eliminates useless data and constructs a weighted model for available data based on factors such as the source component, source system, data availability, and prediction model fit. The module dynamically updates the parameter learning process of the prediction data model using instance weights, thereby achieving the fusion of airborne data and ground control system data and outputting it to the velocity profile calculation module.

[0034] The velocity profile calculation module dynamically constructs a single-aircraft nominal velocity profile based on airborne data and fused ground information. This module constructs an objective function based on various constraints, including fused airborne attitude information, meteorological information, crew intent information, airline performance parameters, and air traffic control restrictions. Using the aircraft as a point mass model, it assigns influence weights to various constraints, building a basic flight dynamic model based on flight status and various constraints. On this basis, according to the current flight phase, it constructs a mapping between nominal velocity and instantaneous velocity based on dynamic equilibrium equations. Considering the performance constraints of airlines on different routes and aircraft types, and with the lowest cost and fuel consumption as the optimal goals, the system corrects instantaneous speed by combining aircraft performance databases and airline preset cost indices and performance parameter limitations. Taking into account the impact of human factors on flight, the system uses air traffic control instructions and changes in crew intent information as triggering conditions, and corrects instantaneous speed by combining airborne transmissions of crew intent information such as altitude adjustment, speed adjustment, offset, and rerouting. It dynamically constructs a cost-optimized nominal speed profile composed of airspeed and range, enabling trajectory prediction based on a single aircraft nominal speed profile. This overcomes the difficulties of traditional ground control systems in obtaining real-time information on crew intent, various airline performance limitations, and high-altitude atmospheric environment information, effectively improving the accuracy of flight overtime prediction and optimizing airspace operations.

[0035] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dynamic generation device for single-machine nominal velocity profiles based on data links, characterized in that: It includes: Airborne information processing system, ground information reception system, and fusion computing processing center; The airborne information processing system consists of an airborne information acquisition module and a profile data display module. The airborne information acquisition module realizes airborne data acquisition, fusion, compression and real-time downlink to the fusion computing and processing center based on the secure air-to-ground data link; the profile data display module realizes the reception and display of single-unit nominal speed profile data uploaded by the fusion computing and processing center based on the secure air-to-ground data link. The ground information acquisition system consists of three sub-modules: an airspace situation information acquisition module, an air traffic control meteorological information acquisition module, and an air traffic control restriction information acquisition module. The airspace situation information acquisition module acquires real-time aircraft situation information within the airspace, supporting the collection, comparison, splitting, and fusion of multiple flight path situation information. This airspace situation information is then fed into the ground information fusion module at the fusion computing and processing center for fusion with the airborne attitude information transmitted via a safety-type ground-to-air data link. The air traffic control meteorological information acquisition module acquires various types of air traffic control meteorological information issued by meteorological departments, supporting the collection and processing of multiple meteorological information sources and the fusion of observation, forecast, and warning information for the same meteorological element. This air traffic control meteorological information is then fed into the fusion module. The ground information fusion module of the computing and processing center merges with the atmospheric environment detection data transmitted from the safety-type air-to-ground data link to correct the upper-altitude atmospheric environment model and improve the accuracy of the nominal speed profile calculation. The air traffic control restriction information acquisition module acquires control instructions and various restriction information issued by air traffic control within the airspace, supports the collection, processing, and identification of affected flights for various control instructions and restriction information. The air traffic control restriction information is transmitted to the ground information fusion module of the fusion computing and processing center and merged with the airborne equipment restriction information transmitted from the safety-type air-to-ground data link. The restriction information constraints are introduced into the nominal speed profile and the instantaneous speed of the nominal speed profile is corrected, and the nominal speed profile calculation model is dynamically optimized. The fusion computing and processing center consists of three sub-modules: an airborne data processing module, a ground information fusion module, and a velocity profile calculation module. The airborne data processing module receives and processes various types of airborne data collected by the airborne information acquisition module of the airborne information processing system and transmitted down based on the safe air-to-ground data link. The ground information fusion module merges the control ground system data introduced by the ground information induction system with the airborne data received by the airborne data processing module, providing a data foundation for the velocity profile calculation module. The velocity profile calculation module calculates the nominal velocity profile data of a single aircraft based on the fusion of airborne data and ground information, and sends it to the airborne equipment via the data link.

2. The dynamic generation device for single-machine nominal velocity profile based on data link according to claim 1, characterized in that: The airborne information acquisition module acquires, fuses, and compresses airborne attitude information, high-altitude atmospheric environment detection information, crew intent information, and airline performance parameters, and transmits this data in real time to the fusion computing and processing center via a secure air-to-ground data link. It also acquires high-altitude atmospheric environment detection data such as wind direction / speed, temperature, humidity, real-time turbulence, and icing conditions along the flight path, and transmits this data in real time via a secure air-to-ground data link, effectively compensating for the limitations of traditional ground-based weather radar in covering high-altitude routes and its limited spatiotemporal resolution. This module utilizes airborne interface equipment to acquire, via the airborne bus, the aircraft's current pitch angle, roll angle, yaw angle, fuel flow rate, remaining fuel, weight, load balance, and center of gravity without fuel in real time. The information is transmitted down via a safety-class air-to-ground data link and combined with ground radar surveillance data to achieve aircraft situational awareness sharing. In addition to the engine performance parameters of each aircraft type, the airline performance parameters also include the performance limits, cost index, maximum flight speed, economic cruise altitude, economic climb performance, economic cruise performance, and economic descent performance preset by each airline for the route and aircraft type in the onboard FMS set by the flight crew before the flight. This module realizes the collection of the above information and transmits it down in real time via a safety-class air-to-ground data link. It is used to determine the maximum speed of the nominal speed profile of a single aircraft and the optimal profile model with the goal of the lowest cost and lowest fuel consumption. This helps the ground control system to optimize the calculation of the nominal speed profile of a single aircraft and achieve cost reduction and efficiency improvement.

3. The dynamic generation device for single-machine nominal velocity profile based on data link according to claim 2, characterized in that: After the airborne information acquisition module collects and integrates the information, in order to realize the downlink based on the existing airborne equipment capabilities and the ground-to-air data link network capabilities, the existing airborne acquisition data will be integrated and compressed. Redundant data will be eliminated according to the selection principle of maximum information volume and minimum redundancy. After compression, the data will be transmitted to the fusion computing and processing center based on the safe ground-to-air data link.

4. The dynamic generation device for single-machine nominal velocity profile based on data link according to claim 3, characterized in that: The profile data display module displays the nominal speed profile data of a single aircraft. The nominal speed profile information of a single aircraft uploaded by the fusion computing and processing center based on the safe air-to-ground data link will be decoded in this module and confirmed by permission verification as the profile information of the currently operating flight. The validity verification confirms whether the uplink single-aircraft nominal speed profile information meets the various parameter limitations preset in the current flight's onboard equipment; The integrity check confirmed whether the uplink single-unit nominal speed profile information was complete and usable. To ensure that uplink information remains valid and consistent for the current flight and to avoid data failure due to processing and transmission delays, a timeliness check is performed to confirm whether the uplink single-aircraft nominal speed profile has exceeded the available time limit. After a consistency check, it is confirmed whether the nominal speed profile of the uplink single aircraft is consistent with the current track and altitude. If the two are inconsistent, it is determined whether the profile can be reached by limiting the current onboard equipment to the maximum climb / descent speed and maximum cruise speed.

5. The dynamic generation device for single-machine nominal speed profile based on data link according to claim 4, characterized in that: The uplink single-aircraft nominal speed profile completed by the profile data display module will be displayed graphically based on the onboard electronic flight bag. It has dual view display of nominal altitude / speed profile composed of altitude / speed-time / range and top view display combined with GIS engine. At the same time, it supports the graphical overlay of flight current position and attitude information, flight plan route, meteorological information and intelligence information to provide the crew with auxiliary decision-making and improve flight safety.

6. The dynamic generation device for single-machine nominal velocity profile based on data link according to claim 5, characterized in that: The airborne data processing module receives and processes various types of airborne data collected by the airborne information acquisition module of the airborne information processing system and transmitted based on the safe air-to-ground data link. The above information is decomposed and data items are extracted by splitting the message template. Integrity checks verify the integrity of data items, ensuring the integrity of data transmission. The validity check uses the estimated error as the weight to verify the range and reliability of each data item, reduce data error and data fluctuation, and ensure data accuracy. After completing various checks, the data will be transmitted to the ground information fusion module.

7. The dynamic generation device for single-machine nominal velocity profile based on data link according to claim 6, characterized in that: The ground information fusion module integrates the air traffic control system data received by the ground information receiving system with the airborne data received by the airborne data processing module. For airborne attitude information and high-altitude atmospheric environment information transmitted via a safety-type air-to-ground data link, this module integrates them with the airspace situation and air traffic control meteorological information from the air traffic control system. Crew intention information and airline performance parameter information, which are not obtainable by traditional air traffic control systems, are processed in this module to complete airborne data fusion and provide a data foundation for the velocity profile calculation module. The airborne equipment provides multiple interfaces for acquiring airborne attitude information, high-altitude atmospheric environment information, and crew intention information output from different airborne components. The airline's performance parameters, sampled from different components, differ in data format, units, and values, and also differ from the airspace situation and air traffic control meteorological products obtained from the ground control system. This module employs a supervised adaptation detection method to analyze overfitting issues in data from different components from the perspectives of airborne data, predictive data models, and predictive model adaptation. It eliminates useless data and constructs a weighted model for available data based on the source component, source system, data availability, and predictive model adaptation. The parameter learning process of the predictive data model is dynamically updated using instance weights, thereby achieving the fusion of airborne data and ground control system data, and outputting it to the velocity profile calculation module.

8. The dynamic generation device for single-machine nominal velocity profile based on data link according to claim 7, characterized in that: The velocity profile calculation module dynamically constructs a single-aircraft nominal velocity profile based on airborne data and ground-fused information. This module constructs an objective function based on various constraints including fused airborne attitude information, meteorological information, crew intent information, airline performance parameters, and air traffic control restrictions. Using the aircraft as a point mass model, it assigns influence weights to various constraints, constructing a basic flight dynamic model based on flight status and various constraints. On this basis, according to the current flight phase, it constructs a mapping between nominal velocity and instantaneous velocity based on dynamic equilibrium equations. Considering the airline's performance constraints for different routes and aircraft types, it aims for minimum cost and minimum fuel consumption, and corrects instantaneous velocity by combining information from the aircraft performance database and the airline's preset cost index and performance parameter restrictions. Considering the impact of human factors on flight, it uses air traffic control instructions and changes in crew intent information as trigger conditions, and corrects instantaneous velocity by combining airborne transmitted information on altitude adjustment, speed adjustment, offset, and rerouting. It dynamically constructs a cost-optimized nominal velocity profile composed of airspeed and range, enabling trajectory prediction based on the single-aircraft nominal velocity profile.

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