Plasma rock breaking mechanism and plasma rock breaking apparatus having the same

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly discloses a plasma rock breaking mechanism and a plasma rock breaking device with the same, wherein the plasma rock breaking mechanism comprises a plasma generating assembly, a negative pressure assembly and a base assembly, the plasma generating assembly comprises a plasma outlet, the negative pressure assembly comprises a negative pressure inlet, the plasma generating assembly and the negative pressure assembly are fixedly connected with the base assembly, and the plasma outlet and the negative pressure inlet are arranged on the same side of the base assembly. High-temperature ion beams are generated through the plasma generating assembly, and the rock-soil of a working wall surface is vaporized, the vaporized rock-soil and part of small-particle rock-soil are collected through the negative pressure inlet of the negative pressure assembly, rock breaking and slagging are realized, the vaporized rock-soil is collected and transferred at the first time due to the arrangement on the same side, and the problems that a cutting tool invades rock with difficulty and the cutting tool is seriously worn in the jacking construction by using a cutter disc cutting mode of an existing tunneling device are effectively solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a plasma rock breaking mechanism and a plasma rock breaking device with the same. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the continuous development of science and technology, the South-to-North Water Diversion, the West Development, the West-to-East Gas Transmission, the Sichuan-Tibet Railway, and the like have been successively started, the urban rail transit, the underground space development, and the cross-regional transportation are continuously promoted, and the tunnel and underground engineering construction scale is also increasingly large. Under the impetus of market demand, the full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine, as a modern tunnel special equipment integrating machine, electricity, liquid, information, and artificial intelligence, has been widely used in railway, highway, and underground passage construction due to its high degree of automation, fast construction speed, labor saving, safety and economy, one-time forming, no influence of external climate, control of ground subsidence during excavation, reduction of influence on ground buildings, and no influence on water surface traffic during underwater underground construction. However, most of the existing tunnel boring machines use rolling cutters on the cutter head to extrude and shear the rock, and this excavation method has many limitations in actual engineering applications.

[0003] The existing tunnel boring machine needs a cutter head to cut the rock surface, and then transports the broken rock to the outside through a conveying device, and then performs tunnel wall surface distribution and makes a lining segment. The existing tunnel boring equipment cutter head cutting construction efficiency is slow, and the cutter head wears out. When the tunnel boring equipment encounters a hard rock construction environment, the rolling cutter is difficult to invade the rock, and the cutter wears out seriously, which seriously restricts the tunneling speed of the tunnel boring equipment. Frequent cutter maintenance and replacement not only seriously restrict the construction progress, but also greatly increase the construction cost. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a plasma rock breaking mechanism and a tunneling device with the same to solve the problem that the existing tunneling device uses a cutter head cutting method for jacking construction, and the cutter is difficult to invade the rock and the cutter wears out seriously when dealing with different rock layers.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a plasma rock breaking mechanism, comprising: a plasma generating assembly, a negative pressure assembly, and a base assembly, the plasma generating assembly comprising a plasma outlet; the negative pressure assembly comprising a negative pressure inlet; the plasma generating assembly and the negative pressure assembly are fixedly connected with the base assembly, and the plasma outlet and the negative pressure inlet are both arranged on the same side of the base assembly.

[0006] Further, the plasma generating assembly comprises an arc generating structure, a gas conveying structure, and a generating chamber, the arc generating structure is arranged in the generating chamber, the plasma outlet is connected with the outlet end of the generating chamber, and the gas conveying structure is connected with the inlet end of the generating chamber.

[0007] Further, the arc generating structure comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode is fixed on the base assembly, and the second electrode surrounds the first electrode to form the generating chamber.

[0008] Further, the first electrode end 1211 is arranged in the generating chamber, the first electrode end 1211 gradually decreases in diameter in a direction away from the base assembly, and the second electrode surrounds the first electrode end 1211, and the second electrode end gradually decreases in diameter of the generating chamber in a direction away from the base assembly.

[0009] Further, the plasma generating assembly further comprises a cooling structure, the cooling structure comprises an annular groove, a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, the annular groove surrounds the second electrode, and the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet are arranged on a side of the cooling structure away from the plasma outlet.

[0010] Further, the plasma generating assembly is multiple, and the negative pressure assembly is multiple, each negative pressure assembly is arranged between adjacent plasma generating assemblies.

[0011] In a second aspect, the application provides a plasma rock breaking device, the plasma rock breaking device comprises a plasma rock breaking mechanism and a jacking mechanism, the plasma rock breaking mechanism is the plasma rock breaking mechanism described above, and the plasma rock breaking mechanism is fixedly connected with the jacking mechanism.

[0012] Further, the jacking mechanism comprises a fixing assembly and a traction assembly, the fixing assembly comprises a first tensioning structure and a second tensioning structure, the traction assembly comprises a first traction structure, the plasma rock breaking mechanism is rotatably connected with the first tensioning structure, and the first traction structure is connected with the first tensioning structure and the second tensioning structure respectively.

[0013] Further, the plasma rock breaking device further comprises a first main beam, the first traction structure comprises a first push rod and a first cylinder body, the first tensioning structure is fixedly connected with the first main beam, the second tensioning structure is slidably connected with the first main beam, the first push rod is rotatably connected with the first main beam, and the first cylinder body is rotatably connected with the second tensioning structure.

[0014] Further, the plasma rock breaking device further comprises a lining forming mechanism, the lining forming mechanism comprises a sand blasting assembly and a heating assembly, the sand blasting assembly and the heating assembly are rotatably connected with a rotating shaft, and a side of the sand blasting assembly away from the heating assembly is slidably connected with the second tensioning structure.

[0015] Further, the lining forming mechanism further comprises a second main beam, the sand blasting assembly comprises a first rotating disc and a plurality of sand blasting gun heads, each of the sand blasting gun heads is uniformly arranged on the outer side of the first rotating disc, the first rotating disc is rotatably connected with the second main beam, the heating assembly comprises a second rotating disc and a plurality of heating gun heads, each of the heating gun heads is uniformly arranged on the outer side of the second rotating disc, and the second rotating disc is rotatably connected with the second main beam.

[0016] Further, the sand blasting gun head is communicated with the negative pressure assembly, and the filter assembly is arranged between the sand blasting gun head and the negative pressure assembly.

[0017] Further, the traction assembly further comprises a second traction structure, the second traction structure comprises a second push rod and a second cylinder body, the second push rod is rotatably connected with the second main beam, and the second cylinder body is rotatably connected with the second tensioning structure.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the above technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the present application has the following advantages:

[0019] The plasma rock breaking mechanism and the plasma rock breaking device provided by the embodiment of the present application, wherein the plasma rock breaking mechanism comprises a plasma generating assembly, a negative pressure assembly and a base assembly, the plasma generating assembly comprises a plasma outlet; the negative pressure assembly comprises a negative pressure inlet; the plasma generating assembly and the negative pressure assembly are fixedly connected with the base assembly, and the plasma outlet and the negative pressure inlet are arranged on the same side of the base assembly. The high-temperature ion beam is generated by the plasma generating assembly, the rock and soil on the working wall surface is vaporized, the vaporized rock and soil and part of the small particle rock and soil are collected through the negative pressure inlet on the negative pressure assembly, the rock breaking and slagging are realized, the vaporized rock and soil are collected and transferred at the first time by being arranged on the same side, the cutter and the rock and soil are prevented from being cut and broken in a physical way, and the problems that the cutter invades the rock and the cutter is seriously worn in the top-in construction by using the cutter disc cutting mode of the existing tunneling equipment are effectively solved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and constitute part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the accompanying drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings according to these drawings without any creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 A front view schematic diagram of the plasma rock breaking mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0023] Figure 2 Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a plasma rock breaking device according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 1 Fig. 2 shows a sectional view of a plasma generating assembly of the plasma rock breaking device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 3 Fig. 3 shows a top view of a plasma rock breaking device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 4 Fig. 4 shows a side view of a plasma rock breaking device according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 Fig. 5 shows a sectional view of a plasma rock breaking device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0026] In the drawings, the following reference signs are used:

[0027] 10, plasma generating assembly; 11, plasma outlet; 12, arc generating structure; 121, first electrode; 1211, first electrode end; 122, second electrode; 1221, second electrode end; 13, gas transporting structure; 14, generating chamber; 15, cooling structure; 151, annular groove; 152, fluid inlet; 153, fluid outlet; 16, insulation sleeve; 20, negative pressure assembly; 30, base assembly; 40, fixing assembly; 41, first tensioning structure; 411, first box body; 412, first shield body; 42, second tensioning structure; 421, second box body; 422, second shield body; 423, tensioning oil cylinder; 50, traction assembly; 51, first traction structure; 511, first push rod; 512, first cylinder body; 52, second traction structure; 521, second push rod; 522, second cylinder body; 61, first main beam; 62, second main beam; 63, sliding beam; 64, rotating shaft; 65, fixing seat; 70, sand blasting assembly; 71, first rotating disc; 72, sand blasting gun head; 80, heating assembly; 81, second rotating disc; 82, heating gun head. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0029] In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0030] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , in a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a plasma rock breaking mechanism, which comprises a plasma generating assembly 10, a negative pressure assembly 20 and a base assembly 30. The plasma generating assembly 10 comprises a plasma outlet 11. The negative pressure assembly 20 comprises a negative pressure inlet. The plasma generating assembly 10 and the negative pressure assembly 20 are fixedly connected with the base assembly 30, and the plasma outlet 11 and the negative pressure inlet are both arranged on the same side of the base assembly 30. A high-temperature ion beam is generated by the plasma generating assembly 10, and then the vaporization of the rock-soil on the working wall is carried out. Then, the vaporized rock-soil and part of the small particle rock-soil are collected through the negative pressure inlet on the negative pressure assembly 20, so as to realize rock breaking and slagging. The vaporized rock-soil is collected and transferred at the first time by being arranged on the same side, which avoids the cutting and breaking of the rock-soil by the cutter through a physical way, and effectively solves the problems of difficult intrusion of the cutter into the rock and serious wear of the cutter in the top-in construction by using the cutting mode of the cutter disc of the existing tunneling equipment.

[0031] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , in the technical solutions of the embodiments, the plasma generating assembly 10 comprises an arc generating structure 12, a gas transportation structure 13 and a generating chamber 14. The arc generating structure 12 is arranged in the generating chamber 14. The plasma outlet 11 is connected with an outlet end of the generating chamber 14. The gas transportation structure 13 is connected with an inlet end of the generating chamber 14. Specifically, inert gas, preferably nitrogen, flows in the gas transportation structure 13, which can be directly obtained from air. The arc generating structure 12 generates an arc in the generating chamber 14. When the nitrogen passes through the generating chamber 14, high-temperature plasma is formed through the ionization of the arc. Under the action of gas pressure, the plasma forms an ion beam in the direction close to the plasma outlet 11. The ion beam finally hits the working wall to vaporize the rock-soil by using the high temperature.

[0032] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in the technical solution of this embodiment, the arc generating structure 12 includes a first electrode 121 and a second electrode 122. The first electrode 121 is fixed to the base assembly 30, and the second electrode 122 surrounds the first electrode 121 to form a generating chamber 14. Specifically, the first electrode 121 is suspended in the air and does not contact the second electrode 122. The second electrode 122 is arranged around the first electrode, forming a bowl-shaped wall to increase the arc area and improve ionization efficiency. It should be noted that the first electrode 121 is a negative electrode, and the second electrode 122 is a positive electrode.

[0033] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in the technical solution of the embodiment, the first electrode 1211 of the first electrode 121 is disposed in the generating chamber 14, and the diameter of the first electrode 1211 gradually decreases along the direction away from the base assembly 30. The second electrode 122 is disposed around the first electrode 1211, and the second electrode 1221 of the second electrode 122 is disposed along the direction away from the base assembly 30. The diameter of the generating chamber 14 formed by the second electrode 1221 gradually decreases. The advantages of this arrangement are twofold: firstly, it can increase the volume of the arc-existing region, fully ionize the inert gas to form plasma; secondly, the gradually decreasing diameter of the generating chamber 14 can increase the velocity of the plasma beam overflowing outward, thereby obtaining a higher velocity and ensuring that the plasma beam can reach the working wall surface. This arrangement can also increase the kinetic energy of the plasma beam, increase the effective distance of the plasma beam, and make full use of the energy carried after ionization.

[0034] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in the technical solution of this embodiment, the plasma generating assembly 10 further includes a cooling structure 15. The cooling structure 15 includes an annular groove 151, a fluid inlet 152, and a fluid outlet 153. The annular groove 151 is arranged around the second electrode 122, and the fluid inlet 152 and the fluid outlet 153 are located on the side of the cooling structure 15 away from the plasma outlet 11. Since the plasma beam generates high heat, the heat can affect the conductivity of the electrode and even melt it. Therefore, the electrode needs to be protected. Specifically, the annular groove 151 is provided and a flowing coolant is introduced to cool it down, ensuring the normal performance of the electrode while preventing the inner wall of the generating chamber 14 from melting.

[0035] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in the technical solution of this embodiment, there are multiple plasma generating components 10 and multiple negative pressure components 20, with each negative pressure component 20 disposed between adjacent plasma generating components 10. Multiple plasma generating components 10 can prevent excessive heat concentration that could lead to equipment malfunction, and the corresponding multiple negative pressure components 20 are also provided to prevent excessive heat absorption that could cause damage to corresponding components.

[0036] It should be noted that the action between the parts inside the plasma generating assembly 10: the gas inlet is arranged to face the generating chamber 14, and is connected to the gas conveying structure 13, and the working gas enters the inside of the plasma generating assembly 10 from the gas conveying structure 13; the gas regulating valve can regulate the flow of the working gas; the gas pipe guides the working gas to the vicinity of the arc, and then the working gas is ionized. The cooling water flows into the inside of the plasma generating assembly 10 through the fluid inlet 152, cools the second electrode 122, and then flows out through the fluid outlet 153, to realize a cooling cycle. The water regulating valve can regulate the flow of the cooling liquid. The first electrode 121 is connected to the cathode of the direct current power supply. When the cathode material is consumed, the first electrode 121 can slide to the direction of the generating chamber 14 in a pushing manner, to ensure the occurrence of the ionization process, and the insulating sleeve 16 plays an insulating and waterproof role. The plasma generating process is that, after the direct current power supply is powered on to the plasma generating assembly 10, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 form an arc; the working gas is broken down by the arc, is ionized to form stable arc plasma, and releases a large amount of heat; and the plasma beam forms a torch-shaped high-temperature and high-speed plasma beam under the mechanical compression of the plasma outlet 11, and contacts the rock to break the rock.

[0037] As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 , in a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a plasma rock breaking device. The plasma rock breaking device comprises a plasma rock breaking mechanism and a jacking mechanism. The plasma rock breaking mechanism is the plasma rock breaking mechanism described above, and the plasma rock breaking mechanism is fixedly connected to the jacking mechanism. The operation of the plasma rock breaking mechanism can realize non-contact thermal energy rock breaking of the tunnel. The plasma generating assembly 10 forms an arc by applying a certain direct current voltage between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122, and the arc ionizes the working gas (inert gas) to form plasma. The plasma forms a high-temperature and high-speed plasma beam under the compression of the mechanical compression, thermal shrinkage or magnetic shrinkage of the nozzle, and approaches the rock mass through the plasma outlet 11 to gasify the rock and break the rock. The base assembly 30 is made of tungsten, a heat-resistant and heat-insulating metal material, and its role is to isolate the inside of the first box body 411 from the rock mass and reduce the damage of high-temperature residual heat to the inside of the first box body 411. The first main beam 61 is connected to the base assembly 30 and the plasma generating assembly 10, so that it can rotate by 360° and realize non-angle rock breaking. In the process of cutting the rock mass by the plasma beam, a large amount of waste gas and a small amount of waste slag are formed. The negative pressure assembly 20 is used to recycle the waste gas and the waste slag, and complete slag removal.

[0038] As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown in the technical scheme of the embodiment, the jacking mechanism comprises a fixing assembly 40 and a traction assembly 50, the fixing assembly 40 comprises a first tensioning structure 41 and a second tensioning structure 42, the traction assembly 50 comprises a first traction structure 51, the plasma rock breaking mechanism is rotatably connected with the first tensioning structure 41, and the first traction structure 51 is connected with the first tensioning structure 41 and the second tensioning structure 42 respectively. The plasma rock breaking mechanism is rotatably connected with the first tensioning structure 41, the first tensioning structure 41 and the first traction structure 51 are connected with the first tensioning structure 41 and the second tensioning structure 42 respectively, and the first tensioning structure 41 controls the freedom of the plasma rock breaking mechanism in the length direction through the tensioning state, and the second tensioning structure 42 controls the freedom of the jacking mechanism and the lining forming mechanism through the tensioning state.

[0039] As shown in the technical scheme of the embodiment, Figure 3 and Figure 4 the first tensioning structure 41 comprises a first box body 411 and a first shield body 412, the first shield body 412 is slidably arranged on the outer side of the first box body 411, the second tensioning structure 42 comprises a second box body 421 and a second shield body 422, and the second shield body 422 is slidably arranged on the outer side of the second box body 421. It should be noted that the inside of the first box body 411 is provided with a power source to facilitate the sliding of the first shield body 412, and the specific use of the oil cylinder is to output power, and the sliding of the first shield body 412 is realized by hydraulic transmission. On the one hand, hydraulic transmission has stability and can provide greater output force to facilitate the complete action of the first shield body 412. On the other hand, the shield body may sink into the soil layer during the jacking process, and at this time, the force of the oil cylinder needs to be recovered to pull the shield body out of the tunnel side wall to facilitate the next step of pushing.

[0040] As shown in the technical scheme of the embodiment, Figure 3 and Figure 4 the first shield body 412 is a plurality of first shield bodies 412, each first shield body 412 can slide away from the first box body 411, the second shield body 422 is a plurality of second shield bodies 422, and each second shield body 422 can slide away from the second box body 421. The plurality of first shield bodies 412 are arranged to facilitate the first shield body 412 to fit the tunnel section with the largest area and the longest width as much as possible, and the segmented abutment is used to obtain better fixing performance and ensure that the first tensioning structure 41 will not be unstable due to gas expansion and temperature change during rock breaking. It should be noted that in the technical scheme of the embodiment, the first shield body 412 is specifically four first shield bodies 412, and the shape surrounded by the first shield body 412 is similar to the shape of the tunnel after rock breaking, so as to better fit.

[0041] As shown in the technical scheme of the embodiment, Figure 3 andFigure 4 As shown in the technical scheme of the embodiment, the plasma rock breaking device comprises a first main beam 61, the first traction structure 51 comprises a first push rod 511 and a first cylinder 512, the first tensioning structure 41 is fixedly connected with the first main beam 61, the second tensioning structure 42 is slidably connected with the first main beam 61, the first push rod 511 is rotatably connected with the first main beam 61, and the first cylinder 512 is rotatably connected with the second tensioning structure 42. The lining forming mechanism further comprises a second main beam 62, the sand blasting assembly 70 comprises a first rotating disc 71 and a plurality of sand blasting gun heads 72, each sand blasting gun head 72 is uniformly arranged on the outer side of the first rotating disc 71, the first rotating disc 71 is rotatably connected with the second main beam 62, and the heating assembly 80 comprises a second rotating disc 81 and a plurality of heating gun heads 82, each heating gun head 82 is uniformly arranged on the outer side of the second rotating disc 81, and the second rotating disc 81 is rotatably connected with the second main beam 62.

[0042] The first main beam 61 and the second main beam 62 are arranged to set a certain distance between the plasma rock breaking mechanism and the lining forming mechanism, to avoid damage to parts caused by overflow of high temperature and plasma beams, and the interiors of the first main beam 61 and the second main beam 62 are each provided with a cavity, to facilitate connection and arrangement of pipelines, and the first main beam 61 and the second main beam 62 can play a protective role and reduce damage to internal pipelines. It should be noted that the interiors of the first main beam 61 and the second main beam 62 can be provided with the base assembly 30 as needed, to facilitate separation of pipelines and avoid direct or indirect influence on normal operation of other pipelines when damage occurs. The sliding beam 63 is arranged to extend the length of the device and further avoid long-distance transmission of temperature, and the sliding beam 63 can slide relative to the second tensioning structure 42, in two ways. In the first way, the sliding beam 63 is arranged in an arch shape in a staggered manner with the second tensioning structure 42, and the second box 421 is located below the sliding beam 63, so that the sliding beam 63 is completely avoided from interfering with the second box 421. In the second way, the sliding beam 63 is arranged to pass through the second box 421, so that the sliding beam 63 serves as a limit for sliding of the second box 421, to play a role of mutual limiting and guiding.

[0043] As Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown in the technical scheme of the embodiment, the plasma rock breaking device further comprises a lining forming mechanism, the lining forming mechanism comprising a sand blasting assembly 70 and a heating assembly 80, the sand blasting assembly 70 and the heating assembly 80 being rotatably connected with the rotating shaft 64, and the side of the sand blasting assembly 70 away from the heating assembly 80 being slidably connected with the second tensioning structure 42. The rock is broken and the rock soil is vaporized by the rock breaking assembly, and the vaporized rock soil is directly formed as lining material by the sand blasting mechanism, thereby avoiding a large amount of slag discharge, reducing the preparation and transportation time of the lining, and effectively solving the problem that the plasma rock breaking device in the prior art needs to discharge slag and pre-set lining for tunnel construction, resulting in a complicated tunnel construction process and low construction efficiency. It should be noted that the plasma rock breaking mechanism is rotatably connected with the fixing assembly 40 to control the uniform rock breaking of the plasma rock breaking mechanism. The plurality of sand blasting gun heads 72 are uniformly arranged, which can reduce the rotation speed of the first rotating disc 71, and the sand blasting gun heads 72 can make the tunnel periphery uniformly coated with sand blasting through a small angular displacement, and the uniform arrangement of the sand blasting gun heads 72 can also make the overall weight of the sand blasting assembly 70 uniform, thereby increasing the balance of the sand blasting assembly 70.

[0044] As shown in the technical scheme of the embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the technical scheme of the embodiment, the lining forming mechanism further comprises a heating assembly 80, the heating assembly 80 comprising a second rotating disc 81 and a plurality of heating gun heads 82, each heating gun head 82 being uniformly arranged on the outer side of the second rotating disc 81, and the second rotating disc 81 being rotatably connected with the rotating shaft 64. The heating assembly 80 is arranged for heating and ceramicizing of the lining to obtain higher hardness and strength for support. It should be noted that the lining formed by the above method is a same whole or a larger whole, which can avoid manual installation in the later stage, reduce the use of adhesives, and has high structural strength and can support each other as a whole, thereby better performing the support task compared with the pre-set lining.

[0045] In the technical scheme of the embodiment (not shown in the figure), the sandblasting gun head 72 is communicated with the negative pressure assembly 20, and a filtering assembly is arranged between the sandblasting gun head 72 and the negative pressure assembly 20. Because the composition of the rock stratum is different, the gas composition formed after vaporization is complex, not all the gas can be used for the manufacture of the lining, and the volume of the lining used is relatively large compared with the volume of the rock broken, so it is necessary to set the filtering mechanism to classify and process the gas. In the optimal embodiment, the gas after the filtering assembly meets the forming requirements of the lining, and the remaining gas and residues are discharged after secondary processing. A heat energy recovery system can also be arranged to recover part of the heat energy of the gas for power generation or to supply energy to the heating assembly 80. The setting position of the filtering assembly is not limited to between the lining forming structure and the rock breaking structure, but is connected in the communication pipeline between the sandblasting gun head 72 and the negative pressure assembly 20.

[0046] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the technical scheme of the embodiment, the traction assembly 50 further comprises a second traction structure 52, the second traction structure 52 comprising a second push rod 521 and a second cylinder body 522, the second push rod 521 being rotatably connected with the second main beam 62, and the second cylinder body 522 being rotatably connected with the second tensioning structure 42. The second traction structure 52 is connected with the second tensioning structure 42 and the lining forming mechanism respectively. The switching between the rock breaking jacking state and the moving state is realized through the telescopic cooperation between the first traction structure 51 and the second traction structure 52.

[0047] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in the technical scheme of the embodiment, the first traction structure 51 comprises a first push rod 511 and a first cylinder body 512, and the second traction structure 52 comprises a second push rod 521 and a second push rod 521, the first push rod 511 is rotatably connected with the first main beam 61, the first cylinder body 512 is rotatably connected with the second shield body 422, the second push rod 521 is rotatably connected with the second main beam 62, and the second push rod 521 is rotatably connected with the second shield body 422. The first push rod 511 is slidably arranged in the first cylinder body 512, and is driven by a hydraulic manner in particular, and the second push rod 521 is slidably arranged in the second push rod 521, and is driven by a hydraulic manner in particular, so that the control is stable and the position can be accurately controlled. The first push rod 511 is rotatably connected with the first main beam 61, and the first cylinder body 512 is rotatably connected with the second shield body 422, so that when the second tensioning structure 42 moves, the first traction structure 51 avoids interfering with the second shield body 422, and when the first traction structure 51 works, the second shield body 422 avoids interfering with the first traction structure 51, and the second traction structure 52 is arranged in the same way as the first traction structure 51. It should be noted that in the technical scheme of the embodiment, the first traction structure 51 is four in particular, and the second traction structure 52 is four in particular, which are arranged on the outer side of the first main beam 61 and the second main beam 62 respectively and symmetrically arranged. The arrangement of multiple traction structures can balance the single thrust and avoid the problem of deviation of propulsion, and can also avoid the problem that when one of the traction structures fails, the device cannot be reset, thereby delaying the construction progress and causing danger.

[0048] The technical scheme of the embodiment of the application provides a rock breaking device, which specifically comprises a plasma rock breaking mechanism, a jacking mechanism and a lining forming mechanism, and further comprises a rear configuration device at the rear end of the device. The rear configuration device comprises an air compression device, a cooling device, a vacuum device, a separation device, a water source, a power source and a cable, etc. The air compression device is used to generate nitrogen for preparing a plasma beam, the vacuum device is used to generate negative pressure for the negative pressure assembly 20, and the separation device is used to filter and recover the vaporized rock and soil, so as to facilitate subsequent discharge. The water source is responsible for providing cooling liquid.

[0049] The plasma rock breaking mechanism is composed of a plasma generating assembly 10, a negative pressure assembly 20 and a base assembly 30. The plasma generating assembly 10 and the negative pressure assembly 20 are installed on the base assembly 30, and the base assembly 30 is provided with a plasma generating device at one end to provide a plasma beam for the plasma generating assembly 10. The first main beam 61 is in transmission connection with the base assembly 30 to provide power for driving the base assembly 30.

[0050] The jacking mechanism is composed of the first box body 411, the first shield body 412, the first main beam 61, the first traction structure 51, the sliding beam 63, the second shield body 422, the second traction structure 52, the second main beam 62, the fixed seat 65 and the rotating shaft 64. The first box body 411 is arranged around the plasma generating assembly 10 and the first main beam 61, and the first box body 411 is nested inside the first shield body 412. One end of the first main beam 61 is fixedly connected with the first main beam 61, and the other end of the first main beam 61 is fixedly connected with the sliding beam 63. The sliding beam 63 is sleeved with the first box body 411, and the outside of the first box body 411 is symmetrically fixedly installed with a pair of tensioning oil cylinders 423. One end of the tensioning oil cylinder 423 is fixedly installed with the second shield body 422. The first main beam 61 is connected with the second shield body 422 through the first traction structure 51. The other end of the sliding beam 63 is fixedly connected with the second main beam 62, and the other end of the second main beam 62 is fixedly connected with the sliding beam 63. The end of the second main beam 62 is fixedly connected with the fixed seat 65. The other end of the sliding beam 63 is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft 64.

[0051] The lining forming mechanism is composed of the sand blasting assembly 70 and the heating assembly 80. The sand blasting assembly 70 is composed of the sand blasting gun head 72 and the first turntable 71. The sand blasting assembly 70 can slide back and forth along the tunnel excavation direction through the sliding beam 63. The sand blasting gun head 72 can rotate 360° in the tunnel section along the first turntable 71. The heating assembly 80 is composed of the heating gun head 82 and the second turntable 81. The heating assembly 80 can slide back and forth along the tunnel excavation direction through the rotating shaft 64. The heating gun head 82 can rotate 360° in the tunnel section along the second turntable 81.

[0052] The functions of each part: the jacking mechanism supports the rock mass and changes the step of pushing forward, the first shield 412 is close to the rock wall, which supports the excavation of the tunnel and protects the internal components of the shield. The first box 411 is in close contact with the first shield 412, which plays a fixed and supporting role for the plasma generating assembly 10 and the first main beam 61. The fixing seat 65 is supported on the bottom of the hole to bear the weight of the rear of the machine. The first main beam 61, the sliding beam 63, the second main beam 62 and the rotating shaft 64 are all hollow, and the internal space has gas pipes, water pipes, cables, etc., which provide raw materials and power for the plasma rock breaking mechanism and the jacking mechanism. When the plasma rock breaking device needs to move forward, the second shield 422 is tightened against the hole wall under the action of the tensioning oil cylinder 423, providing a fixed support for the plasma rock breaking device. Under the action of the first traction structure 51, the piston rods of the two side oil cylinders are elongated, pushing the first main beam 61 to move forward, and the plasma outlet 11 is close to the working wall, realizing rock breaking. At the same time, under the action of the second traction structure 52, the piston rods of the two side oil cylinders are retracted, pulling the second main beam 62 to move forward. Then, the piston rods of the two side oil cylinders of the tensioning oil cylinder 423 are retracted, and the second shield 422 moves away from the hole wall, no longer maintaining the tensioning state. The piston rods of the two side oil cylinders of the first traction structure 51 are retracted, and the piston rods of the two side oil cylinders of the second traction structure 52 are elongated, and the second shield 422 and the tensioning oil cylinder 423 move along the sliding beam 63 forward by a certain distance, thus completing the step change of the plasma rock breaking device.

[0053] The lining forming mechanism plays a permanent supporting role in the newly excavated tunnel. The high-temperature heat generated during drilling melts the rock on the working face, and is pushed to the side wall by the plasma beam, and then gradually cools to form a dense glass layer. Special lining mortar (mainly composed of clay, water, calcium silicate cement, accelerator, recycled sand and stone, oxide, etc.) is sprayed to the rock mass by the sandblasting gun head 72, realizing 3D printing. The sandblasting gun head 72 can rotate 360° in the tunnel section along the first turntable 71, ensuring that the lining has no dead angle. The sandblasting assembly 70 can slide back and forth along the tunnel excavation direction through the sliding beam 63, realizing lining for a long distance. The heating assembly 80 heats the newly lined mortar at high temperature to make it realize ceramicization, increasing the strength of the segment. The heating gun head 82 can rotate 360° in the tunnel section along the second turntable 81. The heating assembly 80 can slide back and forth along the tunnel excavation direction through the rotating shaft 64, realizing heating for a long distance.

[0054] The rear matching device is the function guarantee of the rapid excavation of the whole plasma rock breaking device, and ensures the efficient operation of the plasma rock breaking device under the effective cooperation of various mechanisms and devices. The air compression device compresses the working gas (inert gas), which is convenient for storage and makes the working gas have a certain initial speed; the working gas is provided to the plasma generating assembly 10 through the gas pipe. The water source provides cooling liquid for the plasma generating assembly 10. The vacuum device is connected to the negative pressure assembly 20 through the gas pipe, extracts the gas generated by the gasification of the rock and a small amount of waste slag, and realizes the slag removal process. The cooling device cools and solidifies the exhaust gas extracted by the vacuum device. The separation device centrifugally separates the solidified solid, and screens out the aggregate used for lining. The power supply provides direct current for the plasma generating assembly 10, and adopts a modular power supply. (That is, one direct current power supply only supplies power to 2 to 5 plasma outlets 11. When a power supply fails, no more than 10% of the plasma outlets 11 stop working. Therefore, although the excavation speed will slow down, the tunnel can still continue to excavate until the power supply can be repaired or replaced.) The cable conducts power transmission.

[0055] The embodiment of the application also provides a tunnel construction method, which uses the above-mentioned plasma rock breaking device, and comprises the following steps:

[0056] S01, the second tensioning structure 42 of the fixing assembly 40 is in an extended state, and the second shield 422 abuts against the side wall of the tunnel; so that the second tensioning structure 42 is used for fixing the whole plasma rock breaking device.

[0057] S02, the plasma generating assembly 10 is started to break rocks; specifically, the plasma beam is generated, and the plasma generating assembly 10 is rotated to ensure that the heat received by the processed plane is balanced.

[0058] S03, the first traction structure 51 of the traction assembly 50 is used to push the plasma rock breaking mechanism to the working wall surface direction; and the rock breaking is gradually performed for a certain length.

[0059] S04, when the first traction structure 51 reaches the maximum stroke, the pushing is stopped, the first tensioning structure 41 of the fixing assembly 40 is in an extended state, and the first shield 412 abuts against the side wall of the tunnel; the state is converted, on one hand, the first traction structure 51 is retracted to prepare for subsequent pushing, and the second tensioning structure 42 is pulled to the next working position, and on the other hand, a displacement distance is left for the subsequent lining forming assembly.

[0060] S05, the second tensioning structure 42 is in a retracted state, and the second tensioning structure 42 is pulled close to the working wall surface direction through the first traction structure 51 until the first traction structure 51 returns to the minimum stroke state.

[0061] In the technical scheme of the embodiment (not shown in the figure), when the plasma generating assembly 10 is started to break rocks, the tunnel construction method further comprises the following steps:

[0062] S021, starting the negative pressure assembly 20 to collect the vaporized rocks and soil;

[0063] S022, starting the filtering mechanism to filter and separate the vaporized rocks and soil to produce mortar and discharge waste gas and waste residue;

[0064] S023, starting the sand blasting assembly 70 to rotate around the rotating shaft 64 and spray mortar on the tunnel side wall surface through the sand blasting gun head 72 to form a lining. Directly forming a lining reduces the construction process while reducing the discharge of waste soil and waste gas.

[0065] In the technical scheme of the embodiment (not shown in the figure), after the lining is formed, the tunnel construction method further comprises the following steps:

[0066] S024, starting the heating gun head 82 to heat the lining to realize the ceramicization of the lining. Increase the structural strength and material strength of the lining to increase the reliability of the support.

[0067] In the technical scheme of the embodiment (not shown in the figure), when the plasma rock breaking mechanism is pushed towards the working wall surface by the first traction structure 51 of the traction assembly 50, the tunnel construction method further comprises the following steps:

[0068] S031, moving the lining forming mechanism along the direction close to the second tensioning structure 42 at a fixed speed by the second traction structure 52 of the traction assembly 50. The lining formed by displacement at a fixed speed is uniform in thickness, while reducing the shaking of the equipment and increasing the stability of the equipment operation.

[0069] In the technical scheme of the embodiment (not shown in the figure), when the first shield body 412 abuts against the tunnel side wall, the tunnel construction method further comprises the following steps:

[0070] S041, fixing the lining forming mechanism to push the second tensioning structure 42 along the direction close to the working wall surface by the extension of the second traction structure 52 cooperating with the contraction of the first traction structure 51. Specifically, the fixing seat 65 is in contact with the bottom surface to form the fixation of the lining forming mechanism, and then the lining forming mechanism is used as a fulcrum to push the second tensioning structure 42, thereby cooperating with the first traction structure 51.

[0071] It should be noted that in actual application, the working process of the plasma rock breaking device is as follows: when the plasma rock breaking device starts to work, the second shield body 422 is stretched by the piston rods of the oil cylinders on both sides of the second box body 421, so that the second shield body 422 is tightly pressed against the tunnel wall. The fixed seat 65 is retracted and separated from the ground. The first push rod of the first traction structure 51 is stretched, so that the plasma generating assembly 10 is close to the rock mass. Under the action of the second traction structure 52, the piston rods of the oil cylinders on both sides are retracted, and the second main beam 62 is pulled to move forward. At the same time, the plasma generating assembly 10 starts to work, forming a high-temperature and high-speed plasma beam. After the working wall surface of the tunnel face is heated by the plasma generating assembly 10, the rock is gradually gasified, and the rock breaking starts. The first main beam 61 makes the plasma rock breaking mechanism rotate 360°, so as to realize the rock breaking without dead angle. This process continues until the piston rods of the oil cylinders on both sides of the first traction structure 51 are stretched to the longest, which completes the "one step" tunneling of the plasma rock breaking device. The piston rods of the oil cylinders on both sides of the supporting oil cylinder 423 are retracted, and the second shield body 422 is separated from the tunnel wall and no longer maintains the supporting state. The supporting legs of the fixed seat 65 are stretched and supported on the tunnel bottom to bear the weight of the rear part of the machine. The piston rods of the oil cylinders on both sides of the first traction structure 51 are retracted, the piston rods of the oil cylinders on both sides of the second traction structure 52 are stretched, and the second shield body 422 and the supporting oil cylinder 423 move forward along the sliding beam 63, which completes the step change of the plasma rock breaking device. The sand blasting gun head 72 sprays the specially prepared lining mortar to the rock mass, and the heating assembly 80 heats the outside of the mortar at high temperature, so that the mortar is ceramized (after the rock mass is cut, there will be residual heat, which is used to heat the inside of the mortar). The sand blasting gun head 72 rotates along the first turntable 71 in the tunnel section to ensure that the lining has no dead angle. The sand blasting assembly 70 slides forward and backward along the sliding beam 63 in the tunnel excavation direction to realize the lining of a long distance. The heating assembly 80 heats the just-lining mortar at high temperature to make it ceramized. The heating gun head 82 rotates 360° along the second turntable 81 in the tunnel section to ensure that the heating has no dead angle. The heating assembly 80 slides forward and backward along the rotating shaft 64 in the tunnel excavation direction to realize the heating of a long distance. The above steps are repeated, and the plasma rock breaking device continuously advances forward.

[0072] The plasma rock breaking device and the tunnel construction method provided by the application can further exert the advantages of high safety and efficiency of tunnel construction. The advanced plasma rock breaking technology is adopted in the embodiments of the application, which fully exerts the advantages of high temperature and high speed of plasma, has a wide application range for rock, and can ignore the hardness of rock mass, and the rock breaking efficiency is much higher than that of mechanical rock breaking, and the cutter does not need to contact the rock mass to break the rock, the wear of the "drill bit" is small, and the cutter is maintained and replaced multiple times, so that continuous construction can be realized, the construction cost is reduced, and the construction speed is accelerated. The embodiments of the application heat and gasify the rock mass by using the high-temperature and high-speed plasma beam, and then remove the slag by using a vacuum device. The excavation method has small influence on the surrounding environment, produces little noise, and produces only gas after rock gasification and a small amount of rock powder. The waste gas and waste slag can be easily recycled by using the vacuum device, the slag removal efficiency is high, the slag removal cost is low, the waste gas produced after cooling, filtering and screening can become one of the raw materials of the lining segment, and the construction cost is reduced, which meets the low-carbon and green development concept of the building industry under the background of the "double carbon" strategy.

[0073] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second", and the like, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action, without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but can include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. In this document, the terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but can include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0074] The above description is merely one specific implementation of the application, which enables those skilled in the art to understand or implement the application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Therefore, the application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A plasma rock-breaking device, characterized in that, The plasma rock-breaking equipment includes a plasma rock-breaking mechanism, a jacking mechanism, and a lining forming mechanism, wherein the plasma rock-breaking mechanism is fixedly connected to the jacking mechanism. The jacking mechanism includes a fixing component (40) and a traction component (50). The fixing component (40) includes a first tensioning structure (41) and a second tensioning structure (42). The traction component (50) includes a first traction structure (51). The plasma rock-breaking mechanism is rotatably connected to the first tensioning structure (41). The first traction structure (51) is connected to both the first tensioning structure (41) and the second tensioning structure (42). The plasma rock-breaking device further includes a first main beam (61), a second main beam (62), and a sliding beam (63). The first main beam (61) and the second main beam (62) are connected by the sliding beam (63). The first traction structure (51) includes a first push rod (511) and a first cylinder (512). The first tensioning structure (41) is fixedly connected to the first main beam (61). The second tensioning structure (42) is slidably connected to the sliding beam (63). The first push rod (511) is rotatably connected to the first main beam (61). The first cylinder (512) is rotatably connected to the second tensioning structure (42). The lining forming mechanism includes a sandblasting assembly (70) and a heating assembly (80); The sandblasting assembly (70) includes a first turntable (71) and a plurality of sandblasting guns (72), each of the sandblasting guns (72) being evenly disposed on the outer periphery of the first turntable (71), the first turntable (71) being rotatably connected to the second main beam (62); the heating assembly (80) includes a second turntable (81) and a plurality of heating guns (82), each of the heating guns (82) being evenly disposed on the outer periphery of the second turntable (81), the second turntable (81) being rotatably connected to the second main beam (62); The traction assembly (50) further includes a second traction structure (52), which includes a second push rod (521) and a second cylinder (522). The second push rod (521) is rotatably connected to the second main beam (62), and the second cylinder (522) is rotatably connected to the second tensioning structure (42).

2. The plasma rock-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plasma rock-breaking mechanism includes: Plasma generating assembly (10), the plasma generating assembly (10) includes a plasma outlet (11); Negative pressure assembly (20), the negative pressure assembly (20) including a negative pressure inlet; The base assembly (30), the plasma generating assembly (10) and the negative pressure assembly (20) are both fixedly connected to the base assembly (30), and the plasma outlet (11) and the negative pressure inlet are both located on the same side of the base assembly (30).

3. The plasma rock-breaking device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The plasma generating assembly (10) includes an arc generating structure (12), a gas transport structure (13), and a generating chamber (14). The arc generating structure (12) is disposed in the generating chamber (14). The plasma outlet (11) is connected to the outlet end of the generating chamber (14), and the gas transport structure (13) is connected to the inlet end of the generating chamber (14).

4. The plasma rock-breaking device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The arc generating structure (12) includes a first electrode (121) and a second electrode (122). The first electrode (121) is fixed on the base assembly (30), and the second electrode (122) surrounds the first electrode (121) to form the generating chamber (14).

5. The plasma rock-breaking device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first electrode (1211) of the first electrode (121) is disposed in the generating chamber (14). The diameter of the first electrode (1211) gradually decreases in the direction away from the base assembly (30). The second electrode (122) is disposed around the first electrode (1211). The second electrode (1221) of the second electrode (122) is disposed in the direction away from the base assembly (30). The diameter of the generating chamber (14) formed by the second electrode (1221) gradually decreases.

6. The plasma rock-breaking device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The plasma generating assembly (10) further includes a cooling structure (15), which includes an annular groove (151), a fluid inlet (152), and a fluid outlet (153). The annular groove (151) is arranged around the second electrode (122), and the fluid inlet (152) and the fluid outlet (153) are located on the side of the cooling structure (15) away from the plasma outlet (11).

7. The plasma rock-breaking device according to claim 2, characterized in that, There are multiple plasma generating components (10) and multiple negative pressure components (20), and each negative pressure component (20) is disposed between adjacent plasma generating components (10).

8. The plasma rock-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the sandblasting assembly (70) and the heating assembly (80) are rotatably connected to the rotating shaft (64), and the side of the sandblasting assembly (70) away from the heating assembly (80) is slidably connected to the second tensioning structure (42).

9. The plasma rock-breaking device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sandblasting gun head (72) is connected to the negative pressure component (20), and a filter component is provided between the sandblasting gun head (72) and the negative pressure component (20).

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