An experimental system for simulating tunnel diseases

Abstract

The present invention discloses a test system for simulating tunnel diseases, comprising: a precast concrete section composed of a plurality of circular ring pipes connected end to end in sequence, with precast top leakage holes vertically penetrating through the upper walls of each ring pipe, a transition ring, a cast-in-place concrete section, with a cast-in-place top leakage hole vertically penetrating through the top of the cast-in-place concrete section, a cast-in-place side wall leakage hole horizontally penetrating through the side wall of the cast-in-place concrete section, and conduits are placed in the precast side wall leakage holes, precast top leakage holes, cast-in-place top leakage holes, and cast-in-place side wall leakage holes. The inner cavities of the corresponding leakage holes are filled with concrete around the periphery of each conduit. Each conduit is used to convey water from the outside into the inner cavities of the precast concrete section and the cast-in-place concrete section, thereby simulating the state of tunnel leakage; the present invention not only presets multiple diseases, but also various diseases may occur superimposed at the same position, which is more in line with the actual site and can meet the requirement of the tunnel intelligent integrated inspection vehicle for collecting data on multiple diseases.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of intelligent monitoring and maintenance of tunnel structures, and particularly relates to a test system for simulating tunnel diseases. Background Art

[0002] Through investigation, statistical analysis shows that for tunnels with diseases, the typical disease types with a large number and high proportion mainly include lining cracks, voids behind the lining, and water leakage.

[0003] Therefore, the repair and treatment technology for tunnel diseases has become a research hotspot in the field of tunnel and underground engineering at home and abroad.

[0004] Domestically, some research institutions have successively built engineering structure simulation test platforms, presetting typical single diseases on the platforms to meet the detection requirements of certain detection equipment, but there is a lack of an engineering structure simulation test platform that can preset multiple diseases to achieve comprehensive functions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a test system for simulating tunnel diseases to solve the problem that the existing test system cannot meet the detection requirements of multiple diseases.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A test system for simulating tunnel diseases, comprising:

[0007] Prefabricated concrete segments, which are composed of a plurality of circular ring pipes connected end to end in sequence. The plurality of ring pipes are coaxially arranged. Horizontally penetrating prefabricated sidewall leakage holes are opened on the side walls of each ring pipe, and vertically penetrating prefabricated top leakage holes are opened on the upper walls of each ring pipe.

[0008] A transition ring, whose left end is connected to the right end of the prefabricated concrete segment.

[0009] A cast-in-place concrete segment, whose cross-section is elliptical, and whose left end is connected to the right end of the transition ring. Vertically penetrating cast-in-place top leakage holes are opened at the top of the cast-in-place concrete segment, and horizontally penetrating cast-in-place sidewall leakage holes are opened on the side walls of the cast-in-place concrete segment.

[0010] Conduits are placed in the prefabricated sidewall leakage holes, prefabricated top leakage holes, cast-in-place top leakage holes, and cast-in-place sidewall leakage holes. Around each conduit, the inner cavity of the corresponding leakage hole is filled with concrete. The concrete is used to fix the conduit in the corresponding leakage hole, and each conduit is used to transport external water into the inner cavities of the prefabricated concrete segment and the cast-in-place concrete segment, thereby simulating the state of tunnel water leakage.

[0011] Furthermore, prefabricated sidewall cracks are opened on the inner side walls of each ring pipe, and prefabricated top cracks are opened on the inner sides of the upper walls of each ring pipe.

[0012] There are cast-in-place top cracks on the inner wall at the top of the cast-in-place concrete section, and cast-in-place sidewall cracks on the inner sidewall of the cast-in-place concrete section.

[0013] The precast sidewall cracks, precast top cracks, cast-in-place top cracks, and cast-in-place sidewall cracks are used to simulate the state of tunnel cracks.

[0014] Furthermore, the precast concrete section is divided into a precast leaky crack section and a precast void section. The precast leaky crack section is provided with precast sidewall leakage holes, precast top leakage holes, precast sidewall cracks, and precast top cracks. Foam boards are pasted on the outer walls of the respective ring pipes in the precast void section. The foam boards are used to simulate the back voids. Plastic empty bottles are embedded in the pipe walls of the respective ring pipes in the precast void section. The plastic empty bottles are used to simulate structural voids.

[0015] Furthermore, the cast-in-place concrete section is divided into a cast-in-place leaky crack section, a cast-in-place void section, and a cast-in-place non-uniform section. The cast-in-place leaky crack section is provided with cast-in-place sidewall leakage holes, cast-in-place top leakage holes, cast-in-place sidewall cracks, and cast-in-place top cracks.

[0016] Multiple foam boards are pasted on the outer wall of the cast-in-place void section. Each foam board is used to simulate the back voids. Multiple plastic empty bottles are embedded in the pipe wall of the cast-in-place void section. Each plastic empty bottle is used to simulate structural voids.

[0017] Furthermore, the steel bar spacing and / or the cover thickness in the cast-in-place non-uniform section are not equal.

[0018] Furthermore, each precast sidewall crack and precast sidewall leakage hole are both located at the 1 / 2 height of each ring pipe. The cast-in-place sidewall cracks and cast-in-place sidewall leakage holes are both located at the 1 / 2 height of it. The precast top cracks and precast top leakage holes are both located at the highest point at the top of each ring pipe. The cast-in-place top cracks and cast-in-place top leakage holes are both located at the highest point at the top of it.

[0019] Furthermore, each foam board is pasted at the 1 / 2 height of the outer wall of each ring pipe in the precast void section and at the 1 / 2 height of the cast-in-place void section. Each foam board is also pasted at the 3 / 4 height of the outer wall of each ring pipe in the precast void section and at the 3 / 4 height of the cast-in-place void section. Each foam board is also pasted on the top outer wall of each ring pipe in the precast void section and on the top outer wall of the cast-in-place void section.

[0020] Furthermore, each precast sidewall crack and precast sidewall leakage hole are also set at the 3 / 4 height of each ring pipe. The cast-in-place sidewall cracks and cast-in-place sidewall leakage holes are both located at the 3 / 4 height of it.

[0021] Furthermore, each plastic empty bottle is embedded in the bottom pipe wall of each ring pipe in the precast void section and in the bottom pipe wall of the cast-in-place void section. Each plastic empty bottle is also embedded in the pipe wall at the 1 / 4 height of each ring pipe in the precast void section and in the pipe wall at the 1 / 4 height of the cast-in-place void section.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] 1. The present invention can simulate common diseases of tunnels, preset multiple diseases, such as apparent diseases of lining structures like cracks and water leakage, and internal diseases of lining structures like voids behind the lining and structural voids, providing data collection samples for tunnel disease detection and monitoring;

[0024] 2. The present invention can provide a test site for various detection instruments and equipment to calibrate their technical performances;

[0025] 3. The present invention can accommodate various repair equipment, simulate the application scenarios of various disease treatment technologies in engineering, and provide technical support for tunnel maintenance;

[0026] 4. The present invention not only presets multiple diseases, but also various diseases may superimpose at the same position, which is more in line with the actual site, can meet the need of the tunnel intelligent integrated inspection vehicle to collect data of multiple diseases, and can realize the "internal + external" integrated rapid detection and intelligent identification of internal diseases, apparent diseases, geometric deformation, etc. of the tunnel lining structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is the overall design layout plan of the system of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is the standard cross-section of the precast concrete segment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 It is the standard cross-section of the cast-in-place concrete segment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 It is the schematic diagram of the precast sidewall water leakage holes and precast top water leakage holes of the cross-section of the precast concrete segment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 It is the schematic diagram of the cast-in-place sidewall water leakage holes and cast-in-place top water leakage holes of the cross-section of the cast-in-place concrete segment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 It is the schematic diagram of the cracks of the cross-section of the precast concrete segment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 It is the schematic diagram of the cracks of the cross-section of the cast-in-place concrete segment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 It is the schematic diagram of the voids behind the lining of the cross-section of the precast concrete segment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 It is the schematic diagram of the voids behind the lining of the longitudinal section of the precast concrete segment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 10 It is the schematic diagram of the voids behind the lining of the cross-section of the cast-in-place concrete segment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the cavity behind the longitudinal section of the cast-in-situ concrete segment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the cavity structure of the cross-section of the precast concrete segment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the cavity structure of the longitudinal section of the precast concrete segment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the cavity structure of the cross-section of the cast-in-situ concrete segment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the cavity structure of the longitudinal section of the cast-in-situ concrete segment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 16 Schematic diagram of uneven steel bar spacing within 2m on one side of the cast-in-situ concrete segment of the present invention.

[0043] Wherein: 1. Precast concrete segment; 11. Leakage hole in the precast side wall; 12. Leakage hole in the precast top; 13. Crack in the precast side wall; 14. Crack in the precast top; 2. Transition ring; 3. Cast-in-situ concrete segment; 31. Leakage hole in the cast-in-situ side wall; 32. Leakage hole in the cast-in-situ top; 33. Crack in the cast-in-situ side wall; 34. Crack in the cast-in-situ top. Detailed implementation manner

[0044] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0045] The present invention discloses a test system for simulating tunnel diseases, as Figure 1-3 shown, including a precast concrete segment 1, a transition ring 2, and a cast-in-situ concrete segment 3.

[0046] The precast concrete segment 1 is composed of a plurality of circular ring pipes connected end to end in sequence, and the plurality of ring pipes are coaxially arranged, as Figure 4 shown. A precast side wall leakage hole 11 is horizontally penetrated and opened on the side wall of each ring pipe, and a precast top leakage hole 12 is vertically penetrated and opened on the upper wall of each ring pipe.

[0047] The left end of the transition ring 2 is connected to the right end of the precast concrete segment 1. The cross-section of the cast-in-situ concrete segment 3 is elliptical, and the left end of the cast-in-situ concrete segment 3 is connected to the right end of the transition ring 2, as Figure 5 shown. A cast-in-situ top leakage hole 32 is vertically penetrated and opened at the top of the cast-in-situ concrete segment 3, and a cast-in-situ side wall leakage hole 31 is horizontally penetrated and opened on the side wall of the cast-in-situ concrete segment 3.

[0048] In the precast sidewall leakage holes 11, precast top leakage holes 12, cast-in-place top leakage holes 32, and cast-in-place sidewall leakage holes 31, conduits are placed. Around each conduit and in the inner cavity of the corresponding leakage hole, concrete is filled. The concrete is used to fix the conduit in the corresponding leakage hole, and each conduit is used to convey external water into the inner cavities of the precast concrete section 1 and the cast-in-place concrete section 3, thereby simulating the state of tunnel leakage.

[0049] As Figure 6 shown, precast sidewall cracks 13 are opened on the inner sidewalls of each ring pipe, and precast top cracks 14 are opened on the inner upper walls of each ring pipe. As Figure 7 shown, cast-in-place top cracks 34 are opened on the top inner wall of the cast-in-place concrete section 3, and cast-in-place sidewall cracks 33 are opened on the inner sidewall of the cast-in-place concrete section 3. The precast sidewall cracks 13, precast top cracks 14, cast-in-place top cracks 34, and cast-in-place sidewall cracks 33 are used to simulate the state of tunnel cracks.

[0050] The precast concrete section 1 is divided into a precast leakage crack section and a precast cavity section. The precast leakage crack section is provided with precast sidewall leakage holes 11, precast top leakage holes 12, precast sidewall cracks 13, and precast top cracks 14. Foam boards are pasted on the outer walls of each ring pipe in the precast cavity section. The foam boards are used to simulate the back cavity. As Figure 8-9 shown, plastic empty bottles are embedded in the pipe walls of each ring pipe in the precast cavity section. The plastic empty bottles are used to simulate structural cavities. As Figure 12-13 , Figure 14-15 shown.

[0051] The cast-in-place concrete section 3 is divided into a cast-in-place leakage crack section, a cast-in-place cavity section, and a cast-in-place non-uniform section. The cast-in-place leakage crack section is provided with cast-in-place sidewall leakage holes 31, cast-in-place top leakage holes 32, cast-in-place sidewall cracks 33, and cast-in-place top cracks 34. Multiple foam boards are pasted on the outer wall of the cast-in-place cavity section. Each foam board is used to simulate the back cavity. As Figure 10-11 shown, multiple plastic empty bottles are embedded in the pipe walls of the cast-in-place cavity section. Each plastic empty bottle is used to simulate a structural cavity. As Figure 16 shown, the steel bar spacing and / or the cover thickness in the cast-in-place non-uniform section are not equal.

[0052] Each precast sidewall crack 13 and precast sidewall leakage hole 11 are located at the 1 / 2 height of each ring pipe. The cast-in-place sidewall crack 33 and cast-in-place sidewall leakage hole 31 are located at the 1 / 2 height of it. Each precast sidewall crack 13 and precast sidewall leakage hole 11 are also set at the 3 / 4 height of each ring pipe. The cast-in-place sidewall crack 33 and cast-in-place sidewall leakage hole 31 are located at the 3 / 4 height of it. The precast top crack 14 and precast top leakage hole 12 are located at the top highest point of each ring pipe. The cast-in-place top crack 34 and cast-in-place top leakage hole 32 are located at the top highest point of it.

[0053] Each foam board is pasted at the 1 / 2 height of the outer wall of each ring pipe in the precast cavity section and at the 1 / 2 height of the cast-in-situ cavity section. Each foam board is also pasted at the 3 / 4 height of the outer wall of each ring pipe in the precast cavity section and at the 3 / 4 height of the cast-in-situ cavity section. Each foam board is further pasted at the top outer wall of each ring pipe in the precast cavity section and at the top outer wall of the cast-in-situ cavity section.

[0054] Each plastic empty bottle is embedded in the bottom pipe wall of each ring pipe in the precast cavity section and in the bottom pipe wall of the cast-in-situ cavity section. Each plastic empty bottle is also embedded in the pipe wall at the 1 / 4 height of each ring pipe in the precast cavity section and in the pipe wall at the 1 / 4 height of the cast-in-situ cavity section.

[0055] Each precast top crack 14, precast sidewall crack 13, cast-in-situ top crack 34, and cast-in-situ sidewall crack 33 are arranged at intervals of 1 m. Each precast top leakage hole 12 and precast sidewall leakage hole 11 are arranged at intervals of 1.5 m. Each cast-in-situ top leakage hole 32 and cast-in-situ sidewall leakage hole 31 are arranged at intervals of 1 m.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] To carry out research on tunnel structure disease simulation, a tunnel structure model with a length of 20 m, a width of 6 m, and a height of 6 m is built. It is composed of a 9 m precast concrete section 1, a 1 m transition ring 2 (the transition ring 2 is a steel structure section), and a 10 m cast-in-situ concrete section 3. The precast concrete section 1 is the precast concrete section of the shield tunnel, and the cast-in-situ concrete section 3 is the cast-in-situ concrete section of the drill-and-blast tunnel. The tunnel structure model is placed in the test pit.

[0058] 1. Setting of sidewall leakage holes and top leakage holes:

[0059] The precast sidewall leakage holes 11 of the precast concrete section 1 are opened at the 1 / 2 height and 3 / 4 h height of each ring pipe. The precast top leakage holes 12 are opened in the middle of the top of each ring pipe. In addition, some circumferential joints and longitudinal joints are used as leakage holes. The distance of the first leakage hole at both ends of the precast concrete section 1 from the end is 0.75 m, and the middle distance is 1.5 m.

[0060] The cast-in-situ sidewall leakage holes 31 of the cast-in-situ concrete section 3 are opened at its 1 / 2 height and 3 / 4 h height. The cast-in-situ top leakage holes 32 are preset in the middle position of the lining top. The distance of the first leakage hole at both ends of the cast-in-situ concrete section 3 from the end is 0.5 m, and the middle distance is 1 m.

[0061] Whether it is the precast concrete section 1 or the cast-in-situ concrete section 3, it is difficult to pre-place in the steel formwork such as a plastic pipe with both ends open. Therefore, in the construction of the present invention, holes are drilled at the preset leakage hole positions of the made tunnel structure, and a PVC medical infusion tube with a diameter of 0.3 - 1 cm is placed. The PVC medical infusion tube is fixed with concrete slurry around it, and the seepage water flow is controlled by the flow control valve on the PVC medical infusion tube.

[0062] 2. Settings of sidewall cracks and top cracks:

[0063] The precast sidewall cracks 13 of the precast concrete segment 1 are opened at the 1 / 2 height and 3 / 4h height of each ring pipe, and the precast top cracks 14 are opened in the middle of the top of each ring pipe. The spacing between the precast sidewall cracks 13 is 1 m. The spacing between the precast sidewall cracks 13 and the precast top cracks 14 is 1 m.

[0064] The cast-in-place sidewall cracks 33 of the cast-in-place concrete segment 3 are opened at the 1 / 2 height and 3 / 4h height of it, and the cast-in-place top cracks 34 are preset in the middle position of the lining top. The spacing between the cast-in-place sidewall cracks 33 is 1 m. The spacing between the cast-in-place sidewall cracks 33 and the cast-in-place top cracks 34 is 1 m.

[0065] Regarding the opening method of sidewall cracks and top cracks, it can be considered to cut slots with a cutting machine at the preset crack positions of the fabricated tunnel structure. The crack shape is a square of 20×20 cm, the spacing is 2 cm, the depth is 0.5 - 5 cm, and the width is 1 - 5 mm.

[0066] In addition, it can also be considered to make cracks by embedding plastic plates with different thicknesses, and use the thickness of the plastic plates to simulate the crack width. The thickness of the plastic plate is 2 - 10 mm, the length × width is 20×10 cm, and during construction, the plastic plate is fixed at the preset position of the steel reinforcement cage.

[0067] In addition, when constructing the structure within 2 m on one side of the cast-in-place concrete segment 3, during the construction maintenance period, random cracks are generated by changing the mixture ratio, temperature, etc. of the concrete material.

[0068] 3. Settings of voids behind the structure:

[0069] The voids behind the precast concrete segment 1 are opened at the 1 / 2 height, 3 / 4h height, and the middle of the top of each ring pipe, with a spacing of 1 m. The voids behind the cast-in-place concrete segment 3 are opened at the 1 / 2 height, 3 / 4h height, and the middle position of the lining top, with a spacing of 1 m.

[0070] Regarding the construction method of the voids behind the structure, it can be considered to paste foam boards at the preset positions of the voids behind the fabricated tunnel structure. The foam board has a length × width of 20×10 cm and a thickness of 1 - 5 cm. 1 cm thick foam boards are stacked, and the foam boards are closely attached and fixed to the outer surface of the structure with adhesive.

[0071] 4. Settings of structural voids:

[0072] The structural voids of the precast concrete segment 1 are opened at the 1 / 4 height and the middle of the bottom of each ring pipe, with a spacing of 1 m. The structural voids of the cast-in-place concrete segment 3 are opened at the 1 / 4 height and the middle position of the bottom, with a spacing of 1 m.

[0073] For the construction method of structural cavities, it is possible to consider embedding carbonated beverage bottles of different sizes to make cavities, or using 3D-printed resin boxes to make cavities. When making cavities in the form of 3D printing, resin boxes of different shapes, namely circular, square, and triangular, are printed, so as to simulate cavities of different sizes to facilitate the detection by detection instruments.

[0074] 5. The steel bar spacing and / or the cover thickness are unequal in the cast-in-place non-uniform section

[0075] In terms of tunnel disease simulation, the diseases caused by uneven steel bar spacing are also considered within 2 m on one side of the cast-in-place concrete section 3 of the drill-and-blast tunnel, and the lining diseases caused by insufficient cover thickness are mainly considered, and then the situations of uneven steel bar spacing and insufficient cover thickness of the tunnel lining structure are simulated and preset.

[0076] On the basis of setting the above-mentioned tunnel diseases, backfill soil is covered in the test pit, that is, above the tunnel structure, and with the assistance of the water inlet and drainage system, the tunnel leakage can be simulated. Thus, the present invention is completed. Therefore, the present invention can simulate common tunnel diseases such as leakage, cracks, cavities, and uneven steel bar spacing, etc., and provide data acquisition samples for tunnel disease detection and monitoring; it can provide a test site for various detection instruments and equipment to calibrate their technical performances; it can accommodate various repair equipment and simulate the application scenarios of various disease treatment technologies in the project, providing technical support for the maintenance of the tunnel. The present invention not only presets multiple diseases, but also various diseases may superimpose and appear at the same position, which is more in line with the actual site, can meet the requirement of the tunnel intelligent integrated inspection vehicle to collect data of multiple diseases, and can realize the "internal + external" integrated rapid detection and intelligent identification of internal diseases, apparent diseases, geometric deformations, etc. of the tunnel lining structure.

[0077] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental system for simulating tunnel diseases, characterized in that, Comprising: Precast concrete segments (1), which are composed of a plurality of circular ring pipes connected end to end in sequence. The plurality of ring pipes are coaxially arranged. Horizontally penetrating precast side wall leakage holes (11) are provided on the side walls of each ring pipe, and vertically penetrating precast top leakage holes (12) are provided on the upper walls of each ring pipe. A transition ring (2), the left end of which is connected to the right end of the precast concrete segment (1). A cast-in-place concrete segment (3), the cross-section of which is elliptical. The left end of it is connected to the right end of the transition ring (2). Vertically penetrating cast-in-place top leakage holes (32) are provided on the top of the cast-in-place concrete segment (3), and horizontally penetrating cast-in-place side wall leakage holes (31) are provided on the side wall of the cast-in-place concrete segment (3). Conduits are placed in the precast side wall leakage holes (11), precast top leakage holes (12), cast-in-place top leakage holes (32), and cast-in-place side wall leakage holes (31). Concrete is filled in the periphery of each conduit and the inner cavity of the corresponding leakage hole. The concrete is used to fix the conduit in the corresponding leakage hole. Each conduit is used to convey external water into the inner cavities of the precast concrete segment (1) and the cast-in-place concrete segment (3), thereby simulating the state of tunnel leakage.

2. The test system for simulating tunnel diseases according to claim 1, wherein Precast side wall cracks (13) are provided on the inner side walls of each ring pipe, and precast top cracks (14) are provided on the inner sides of the upper walls of each ring pipe. Cast-in-place top cracks (34) are provided on the inner top wall of the cast-in-place concrete segment (3), and cast-in-place side wall cracks (33) are provided on the inner side wall of the cast-in-place concrete segment (3). The precast side wall cracks (13), precast top cracks (14), cast-in-place top cracks (34), and cast-in-place side wall cracks (33) are used to simulate the state of tunnel cracks.

3. The test system for simulating tunnel diseases according to claim 2, characterized in that, The precast concrete segment (1) is divided into a precast leakage and crack segment and a precast cavity segment. The precast leakage and crack segment is provided with precast side wall leakage holes (11), precast top leakage holes (12), precast side wall cracks (13), and precast top cracks (14). Foam boards are pasted on the outer walls of the ring pipes in the precast cavity segment. The foam boards are used to simulate the back cavity. Plastic empty bottles are embedded in the pipe walls of the ring pipes in the precast cavity segment. The plastic empty bottles are used to simulate the structural cavity.

4. The test system for simulating tunnel diseases according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cast-in-place concrete segment (3) is divided into a cast-in-place leakage and crack segment, a cast-in-place cavity segment, and a cast-in-place non-uniform segment. The cast-in-place leakage and crack segment is provided with cast-in-place side wall leakage holes (31), cast-in-place top leakage holes (32), cast-in-place side wall cracks (33), and cast-in-place top cracks (34). A plurality of foam boards are pasted on the outer wall of the cast-in-place cavity segment. Each foam board is used to simulate the back cavity. A plurality of plastic empty bottles are embedded in the pipe wall of the cast-in-place cavity segment. Each plastic empty bottle is used to simulate the structural cavity.

5. The test system for simulating tunnel diseases according to claim 4, characterized in that, The steel bar spacing and / or the cover thickness in the cast-in-place non-uniform segment are not equal.

6. The test system for simulating tunnel diseases according to claim 5, characterized in that, Each of the precast sidewall cracks (13) and precast sidewall water leakage holes (11) is located at the 1 / 2 height of each ring pipe, each of the cast-in-place sidewall cracks (33) and cast-in-place sidewall water leakage holes (31) is located at its 1 / 2 height, each of the precast top cracks (14) and precast top water leakage holes (12) is located at the top highest point of each ring pipe, and each of the cast-in-place top cracks (34) and cast-in-place top water leakage holes (32) is located at its top highest point.

7. An experimental system for simulating tunnel diseases according to claim 5, characterized in that, Each of the foam boards is pasted on the outer wall at the 1 / 2 height of each ring pipe in the precast cavity section and at the 1 / 2 height of the cast-in-place cavity section. Each of the foam boards is also pasted on the outer wall at the 3 / 4 height of each ring pipe in the precast cavity section and at the 3 / 4 height of the cast-in-place cavity section. Each of the foam boards is also pasted on the top outer wall of each ring pipe in the precast cavity section and on the top outer wall of the cast-in-place cavity section.

8. The test system for simulating tunnel diseases according to claim 7, characterized in that, Each of the precast sidewall cracks (13) and precast sidewall water leakage holes (11) is also provided at the 3 / 4 height of each ring pipe, and each of the cast-in-place sidewall cracks (33) and cast-in-place sidewall water leakage holes (31) is located at its 3 / 4 height.

9. The test system for simulating tunnel diseases according to claim 8, characterized in that, Each of the plastic empty bottles is embedded in the bottom pipe wall of each ring pipe in the precast cavity section and in the bottom pipe wall of the cast-in-place cavity section. Each of the plastic empty bottles is also embedded in the pipe wall at the 1 / 4 height of each ring pipe in the precast cavity section and in the pipe wall at the 1 / 4 height of the cast-in-place cavity section.

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