Safety braking system

Abstract

This invention relates to a safety braking system. The safety braking system includes a safety brake, a linkage mechanism, and an actuator for the safety brake. The safety brake is movable between a non-braking position and a braking position. The actuator is configured to be mounted to a delivery member and positioned between first and second ferromagnetic members. The actuator includes an array of magnetic members, the array including a first magnetic member adjacent to two second magnetic members and disposed between the two second magnetic members. The first magnetic member includes one of a permanent magnet and an electromagnet, and each of the second magnetic members includes the other of a permanent magnet and an electromagnet. When the electromagnet of the first or second magnetic member switches from a first state to a second state, the magnetic field between the array and the first ferromagnetic member weakens, and the magnetic field between the array and the second ferromagnetic member strengthens, so that the actuator moves against the second ferromagnetic member from the first position to the second position.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a safety braking system for use in a transport system such as an elevator system, and a method of operating a safety brake in the safety braking system. Background Technology

[0002] Many elevator systems include a lifting elevator car, a counterweight, a tensioning member connecting the lifting elevator car and the counterweight, and pulleys that contact the tensioning member. During operation of such an elevator system, the pulleys can be mechanically driven to move the elevator car and counterweight through the hoistway, where their movement is guided by guide rails. Typically, a governor is used to monitor the speed of the elevator car. According to standard safety regulations, such elevator systems must include an emergency braking device (called a safety brake or "safety mechanism") that can prevent the elevator car from moving downwards by clamping the guide rails, even if the tensioning member breaks.

[0003] The risks associated with the free fall of the elevator car in an elevator system are particularly severe for elevator systems used in high-rise buildings, where the increased drop can lead to more significant overspeeding. Safety brakes are typically mechanically actuated. Elevator systems employing both mechanical governors and mechanically actuated safety brakes... Figure 1 It is shown in the figure and described in more detail below.

[0004] An electromechanical actuator is also proposed, wherein a safety controller is electrically connected to an electromagnetic component that can be controlled via a mechanical linkage to move a safety brake. The purpose of this disclosure is to provide an improved safety braking system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] According to a first aspect of this disclosure, a safety braking system for use in a conveying system is provided, the conveying system including a guide rail and a conveying component capable of moving along the guide rail, the safety braking system comprising:

[0006] A safety brake that is movable between a non-braking position in which the safety brake is not engaged with the guide rail and a braking position in which the safety brake is engaged with the guide rail;

[0007] Linkage mechanism; and

[0008] An actuator for a safety brake, configured to be mounted to a delivery member and positioned between a first ferromagnetic member and a second ferromagnetic member, the actuator comprising:

[0009] An array of magnetic components includes a first magnetic component adjacent to two second magnetic components and disposed between the two second magnetic components, wherein the first magnetic component includes one of a permanent magnet and an electromagnet, and wherein each of the second magnetic components includes the other of a permanent magnet and an electromagnet.

[0010] The magnetic components of the array are arranged such that when the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component is in a first state, the actuator abuts against the first ferromagnetic component and remains in a first position.

[0011] Specifically, when the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component switches from a first state to a second state, the magnetic field between the array and the first ferromagnetic component weakens, and the magnetic field between the array and the second ferromagnetic component strengthens, so that the actuator moves from the first position to the second position against the second ferromagnetic component.

[0012] The linkage mechanism connects the safety brake and the actuator, so that when the electromagnet switches from the first state to the second state, the movement of the actuator from the first position to the second position causes the safety brake to move into the braking position.

[0013] When the electromagnet switches from the first state to the second state, a simple and reliable safety braking system can be provided as the actuator moves from the first position to the second position. This safety braking system can be triggered even when there is a relatively large distance between the first and second ferromagnetic components.

[0014] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the first and second magnetic components can be arranged in an array of magnetic components such that the direction of the magnetic field of the first magnetic component is substantially perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic fields of the two second magnetic components. The first of the two second magnetic components can be arranged such that the direction of its magnetic field is opposite to the direction of the magnetic field of the second of the two second magnetic components. In this respect, the first and second magnetic components can be arranged such that each next component in the array of magnetic components follows a spatially rotating magnetization pattern.

[0015] In other examples, the first and second magnetic components may be arranged in an array of magnetic components such that the direction of the magnetic field of the first magnetic component is at an angle to the direction of the magnetic fields of the two second magnetic components, wherein this angle may be, for example, between 45° and 90°. The first of the two second magnetic components may be arranged such that the direction of its magnetic field is at an angle between 90° and 180° to the direction of the magnetic field of the second of the two second magnetic components. In this respect, the first and second magnetic components may be arranged such that each next component in the array of magnetic components follows a spatially rotating magnetization pattern, wherein the magnetic field of each next component is rotated relative to the previous component by, for example, an angle between 45° and 90°.

[0016] When the electromagnets(s) of the first or second magnetic component are in the second state, the array of magnetic components can act as a unilateral flux structure. When the electromagnets(s) of the first or second magnetic component are in the second state, the array of magnetic components can form a Halbach array.

[0017] It should be understood that when the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component switches from the first state to the second state, the magnetic field between the array and the first ferromagnetic component may be weakened, such that there is no attractive force or a negligible attractive force between the array of magnetic components and the first ferromagnetic component.

[0018] It should also be understood that when the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component switches from the first state to the second state, the actuator moves from the first position to the second position due to the attractive magnetic force between the array of magnetic components and the second ferromagnetic component.

[0019] In one set of examples, for instance, if it is detected that the conveying component is moving too fast or accelerating at too high a rate, the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component can switch from a first state to a second state.

[0020] It should be understood that when the first magnetic component is a permanent magnet, the two second magnetic components are electromagnets, and when the first magnetic component is an electromagnet, the two second magnetic components are permanent magnets.

[0021] In examples where each of the two second magnetic components includes an electromagnet, references to the electromagnet of the first or second magnetic component should be understood as descriptions of the first and second electromagnets.

[0022] In some embodiments, the components of the array of magnetic components may be in contact with each other. In other embodiments, the components of the array of magnetic components may be spaced apart from each other.

[0023] In one set of examples, when the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component switches from a first state to a second state, the movement of the actuator from the first position to the second position causes the safety brake to move directly into the braking position. In another set of examples, when the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component switches from a first state to a second state, the movement of the actuator from the first position to the second position causes the safety brake to move indirectly into the braking position.

[0024] It should also be understood that in some examples of the disclosed safety braking systems, the safety brake is not actuated by friction. Instead, as a direct result of the movement of the actuating component—in other words, when the electromagnet switches from the first state to the second state—the movement of the actuating component from the first position to the second position is transferred to the safety brake via the linkage mechanism, causing the linkage mechanism to move to actuate the safety brake.

[0025] The disclosed safety braking system requires fewer components than existing mechanical safety braking devices, thus reducing the space required for the system. Furthermore, the reduction in the number of components lowers installation and maintenance costs. The disclosed safety braking system also provides a system that is simple to maintain and offers robust performance.

[0026] In one set of examples, when in the first state, the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component may not be energized. In these examples, the actuator may be held in the first position by the permanent magnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component abutting against the first ferromagnetic component.

[0027] In these examples, the actuator can be held in a first position by the attractive magnetic force between the permanent magnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component and the first ferromagnetic component. In these examples, when the actuator is in the first position, current does not need to be supplied to the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component, thus achieving a reliable and energy-efficient system.

[0028] In one set of examples, the magnetic components of the array can be arranged such that when the actuator is in the second position, and when the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component is not energized, the permanent magnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component functions to hold the actuator against the second ferromagnetic component in the second position.

[0029] In this set of examples, the actuator can be held in the second position by the attractive magnetic force between the permanent magnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component and the second ferromagnetic component. In this set of examples, when the actuator is in the second position, current does not need to be supplied to the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component, thus achieving a reliable and energy-efficient system.

[0030] In one set of examples, when in the second state, the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component can be excited to have a first polarity, and when in the first state, the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component can be excited to have a second opposite polarity.

[0031] In this set of examples, when the electromagnet is in the first state, the magnetic field between the array and the first ferromagnetic component is enhanced, and the magnetic field between the array and the second ferromagnetic component is weakened. In this respect, the actuator remains in the first position against the first ferromagnetic component due to the attractive force between the array of magnetic components and the first ferromagnetic component. In this set of examples, when the electromagnet is in the first state, there may be no attractive magnetic force between the array of magnetic components and the second ferromagnetic component, or there may be a negligible attractive magnetic force. Therefore, the actuator may be less susceptible to spurious actuation.

[0032] In one set of examples, when the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component switches to the third state, the magnetic field between the array and the first ferromagnetic component can be enhanced, and the magnetic field between the array and the second ferromagnetic component can be weakened, so as to move the actuator from the second position to the first position.

[0033] In one set of examples, the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component can be excited to have a first polarity in a second state, and can be excited to have a second opposite polarity or the second opposite polarity in a third state.

[0034] It should be understood that when the electromagnet is excited to have a first polarity, the magnetic field between the array and the first ferromagnetic component can be enhanced, and the magnetic field between the array and the second ferromagnetic component can be weakened, causing the actuator to move toward or remain against the first ferromagnetic component. Furthermore, when the electromagnet is excited to have a second opposite polarity, the magnetic field between the array and the second ferromagnetic component can be enhanced, and the magnetic field between the array and the first ferromagnetic component can be weakened, causing the actuator to move toward or remain against the second ferromagnetic component.

[0035] In one set of examples, the safety braking system may also include a mounting for attaching the actuator to the delivery component. In this set of examples, the first ferromagnetic component may be part of the mounting, or may be fixed to the mounting.

[0036] In one set of examples, the array may include a plurality of first magnetic components, and each first magnetic component may be arranged between two second magnetic components. In this set of examples, the first and second ferromagnetic components may be spaced apart in a first direction, and the magnetic components of the array may be aligned in a direction perpendicular to or substantially perpendicular to the first direction, for example, aligned within 25° perpendicular to the first direction. However, it should be understood that in other sets of examples, the magnetic components of the array may be arranged differently and do not need to be aligned in the aforementioned direction.

[0037] In this set of examples, each subsequent magnetic component in the array of magnetic components follows a spatially rotating magnetization pattern. In some examples, the magnetic components of the array of magnetic components are arranged such that each subsequent magnetic component in the array alternates between a first magnetic component and a second magnetic component. In some examples, the array of magnetic components includes an odd number of magnetic components.

[0038] In one set of examples, the second ferromagnetic component could be a guide rail.

[0039] In another set of examples, the second ferromagnetic component may be part of the mounting assembly or may be fixed to the mounting assembly. In this set of examples, the second ferromagnetic component is fixed relative to the first ferromagnetic component.

[0040] In one set of examples, the actuator may further include a contact portion configured to be spaced apart from the guide rail when the actuator is in a first position, and configured to contact the guide rail when the actuator is in a second position. In the examples, the contact portion may include a high-friction surface. In the examples, the safety braking system may be configured such that when the conveying component is moving downward relative to the guide rail, the movement of the actuator to the second position generates an upward reaction force transmitted by a linkage mechanism to move the safety brake into a braking position.

[0041] In the examples disclosed herein, safety braking devices can be used in various conveying systems such as elevator systems, personnel conveyors, and cargo transporters. The conveying component capable of moving along guide rails can be a platform, counterweight, or a compartment for transporting goods or personnel. In some examples, the conveying system is an elevator system, and the conveying component is an elevator car.

[0042] In the example, the actuator may also include a ferromagnetic support structure that houses the array of magnetic components in order to guide the magnetic flux generated by the array of magnetic components through the ferromagnetic support structure.

[0043] According to a second aspect of this disclosure, an elevator system is provided, comprising:

[0044] An elevator car, which is driven to move along at least one guide rail; and

[0045] Any of the safety braking systems in the above examples, wherein the safety brake is arranged to move between a non-braking position in which the safety brake is not engaged with the guide rail and a braking position in which the safety brake is engaged with the guide rail.

[0046] In some examples, the actuator may be configured to move relative to the elevator car.

[0047] In one set of examples, the elevator system may also include a speed sensor and a controller arranged to receive a speed signal from the speed sensor and, upon detecting an overspeed or over-acceleration condition of the elevator car based on the speed signal, selectively switch the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component from a first state to a second state.

[0048] In one or another set of examples, the elevator system may also include an accelerometer and a controller arranged to receive acceleration signals from the accelerometer and selectively switch the electromagnet of the first or second magnetic component from a first state to a second state when an over-acceleration condition for the elevator car is detected.

[0049] In some examples, the controller may be arranged to receive both velocity and acceleration signals from a velocity sensor. In other examples, the controller may be arranged to receive both velocity and acceleration signals from an accelerometer.

[0050] Therefore, when the elevator car is traveling at overspeed or over-acceleration, selectively switching the electromagnet from the first state to the second state will actuate the safety brake to engage with the guide rail, thereby preventing further movement of the elevator car.

[0051] According to a second aspect of this disclosure, a method for operating a safety brake in a safety braking system is provided, the safety brake being movable between a non-braking position in which the safety brake is not engaged with a guide rail and a braking position in which the safety brake is engaged with the guide rail, the safety braking system comprising:

[0052] An actuator, mounted to a component capable of moving along a guide rail and configured to move between a first ferromagnetic component and a second ferromagnetic component, the actuator comprising:

[0053] An array of magnetic components, comprising a first magnetic component adjacent to two second magnetic components and disposed between the two second magnetic components, wherein the first magnetic component comprises one of a permanent magnet and an electromagnet, and wherein each of the second magnetic components comprises the other of a permanent magnet and an electromagnet; and

[0054] The linkage mechanism, connected between a safety brake and an actuator, includes the following method:

[0055] In normal mode, the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component in the first state is operated, such that the actuator is held in the first position against the first ferromagnetic component; and

[0056] In emergency stop mode, operating the electromagnet of the first or second magnetic component in the second state weakens the magnetic field between the array and the first ferromagnetic component, and strengthens the magnetic field between the array and the second ferromagnetic component, so that the actuator moves from the first position to the second position against the second ferromagnetic component.

[0057] The linkage mechanism connects the safety brake and the actuator, so that when the electromagnet switches from the first state to the second state, the movement of the actuator from the first position to the second position causes the safety brake to move into the braking position.

[0058] In the examples of this disclosure, the step of operating the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component is performed by a controller.

[0059] In some examples, operating the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component includes supplying pulses of current to the electromagnet. In some examples, operating the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component includes supplying a continuous current to the electromagnet. In some examples, the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component supplies current to it for a predetermined duration.

[0060] In the example, the method may also include detecting overspeed or over-acceleration of the component and initiating an emergency stop mode by switching the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component from a first state to a second state.

[0061] In one set of examples, the method may further include operating an electromagnet of a first magnetic component or a second magnetic component in a first state in a normal mode such that the electromagnet is not excited.

[0062] In this set of examples, the actuator can be held in a first position by the permanent magnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component abutting against the first ferromagnetic component. In this set of examples, in normal mode, current is not supplied to the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component, thereby achieving a reliable and energy-efficient system.

[0063] In one set of examples, in emergency mode, the permanent magnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component is used to hold the actuator against the second ferromagnetic component in the second position.

[0064] In this set of examples, the actuator can be held in the second position by the attractive magnetic force between the permanent magnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component and the second ferromagnetic component. In this set of examples, current is not supplied to the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component, thereby achieving a reliable and energy-efficient system.

[0065] In one set of examples, an electromagnet operating a first magnetic component or a second magnetic component in a first state in normal mode may include energizing the electromagnet to have a first polarity, and an electromagnet operating a first magnetic component or a second magnetic component in a second state in emergency mode may include energizing the electromagnet to have a second opposite polarity.

[0066] In this set of examples, when the electromagnet is in the first state, the magnetic field between the array and the first ferromagnetic component is enhanced, while the magnetic field between the array and the second ferromagnetic component is weakened. In this respect, the actuator remains in the first position against the first ferromagnetic component due to the attractive force between the array of magnetic components and the first ferromagnetic component. In this set of examples, there is no attractive magnetic force or a negligible attractive magnetic force between the array of magnetic components and the second ferromagnetic component. Therefore, the actuator is less susceptible to spurious actuation.

[0067] In one set of examples, the method may further include operating an electromagnet of the first or second component in a third state such that the magnetic field between the array and the first ferromagnetic component is enhanced, and the magnetic field between the array and the second ferromagnetic component is weakened, so as to move the actuator from the second position to the first position.

[0068] In one set of examples, operating an electromagnet of a first or second magnetic component in a second state in emergency mode may include energizing the electromagnet to have a first polarity, and operating an electromagnet of a first or second magnetic component in a third state may include energizing the electromagnet to have a second opposite polarity.

[0069] It should be understood that when the electromagnet is excited to have a first polarity, the magnetic field between the array and the first ferromagnetic component can be enhanced, and the magnetic field between the array and the second ferromagnetic component can be weakened, causing the actuator to move toward or remain against the first ferromagnetic component. Furthermore, when the electromagnet is excited to have a second opposite polarity, the magnetic field between the array and the second ferromagnetic component can be enhanced, and the magnetic field between the array and the first ferromagnetic component can be weakened, causing the actuator to move toward or remain against the second ferromagnetic component.

[0070] In one set of examples, the method may also include attaching the actuator to the delivery component via a mounting element. In this set of examples, the first ferromagnetic component may be part of the mounting element or may be fixed to the mounting element.

[0071] In one set of examples, operating the electromagnet of the first or second magnetic component in the second state in emergency stop mode to move the actuator against the second ferromagnetic component from the first position to the second position may further include moving a contact portion of the actuator to contact the second ferromagnetic component, wherein the contact portion is configured to be spaced apart from the guide rail when the actuator is in the first position and configured to contact the guide rail when the actuator is in the second position, and wherein the second ferromagnetic component is the guide rail. In the examples, the contact portion may include a high-friction surface. In the examples, the safety braking system may be configured such that when the conveying component is moving downward relative to the guide rail, the movement of the actuator to the second position generates an upward reaction force transmitted by a linkage mechanism to move the safety brake into the braking position. Attached Figure Description

[0072] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an elevator system that uses a mechanical speed controller;

[0073] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a safety braking system according to an example of this disclosure;

[0074] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of a safety braking system according to an example of this disclosure;

[0075] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Different schematic cross-sectional views of the components of the safety braking system;

[0076] Figure 5This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of a safety braking system according to an example of the present disclosure, wherein the actuator is in a first position and wherein the safety brake is in a first non-braking position;

[0077] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the actuator of an example safety braking system according to the present disclosure;

[0078] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 A schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of a safety braking system, wherein the actuator is in a second position and the safety brake is in a first non-braking position;

[0079] Figure 8 yes Figure 5 A schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of a safety braking system, wherein the actuator is in a third position and the safety brake is in a second braking position;

[0080] Figure 9 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of a safety braking system according to another example of this disclosure;

[0081] Figure 10 This is a schematic block diagram of emergency braking control for elevator systems and safety braking systems, according to examples of this disclosure;

[0082] Figure 11A This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a safety braking system according to another example of this disclosure, wherein the safety brake is in a first non-braking position; and

[0083] Figure 11B yes Figure 11A The following is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example safety braking system, in which the safety brake is in the second braking position. Detailed Implementation

[0084] Figure 1 A conveying system generally indicated at 10 locations is shown; in this example, it is an elevator system. Elevator system 10 includes a cable or belt 12, a car frame 14, a conveying component (elevator car 16 in this example), roller guides 18, guide rails 20, a speed controller 22, and a pair of safety brakes 42 mounted on the elevator car 16. The speed controller 22 is mechanically connected via a link 26, a rod 28, and a lifting rod 30 to actuate the safety brakes 42. The speed controller 22 includes a speed controller pulley 32, a rope loop 34, and a tension pulley 36. The cable 12 connects to the car frame 14 and a counterweight inside the hoistway. Figure 1(Not shown in the image). The elevator car 16, attached to the car frame 14, moves up and down the shaft by force transmitted to the car frame 14 via cables or belts 12 by an elevator drive (not shown) located in the machine room, typically at the top of the shaft. Roller guides 18 are attached to the car frame 14 to guide the elevator car 16 up and down the shaft along guide rails 20. A governor pulley 32 is mounted at the upper end of the shaft. A rope loop 34 partially wraps around the governor pulley 32 and partially around the tension pulley 36 (located at the bottom end of the shaft in this example). The rope loop 34 is also connected to the elevator car 16 at rod 28, ensuring that the angular velocity of the governor pulley 32 is directly related to the speed of the elevator car 16.

[0085] exist Figure 1 In the elevator system 10 shown, when the elevator car 16 travels inside the hoistway, if it exceeds a set speed, the governor 22, the machine brake (not shown) located in the machine room, and the safety brake 42 activate to stop the elevator car 16. If the elevator car 16 reaches an overspeed or over-acceleration condition, the governor 22 is initially triggered to engage a switch, which in turn cuts off power to the elevator drive and causes the machine brake to drop to prevent movement of the drive pulley (not shown), and thus to stop the elevator car 16 from moving. However, if the elevator car 16 continues to experience an overspeed condition, the governor 22 may subsequently activate to trigger the safety brake 42 to stop the elevator car 16 from moving. In addition to engaging the switch to drop the machine brake, the governor 22 also releases a clutch that holds the rope loop 34. The rope loop 34 is connected to the safety brake 42 via a mechanical link 26, a lever 28, and a lifting rod 30. As the elevator car 16 continues its descent, the rope loop 34, now stopped by the actuated speed controller 22, pulls the operating lever 28. The operating lever 28 actuates the safety brake 42 by moving the linkage 26 connected to the lifting rod 30, which causes the safety brake 42 to engage the guide rail 20 to stop the elevator car 16.

[0086] In some elevators, mechanical speed controller systems are being replaced by electronic actuation systems. This document describes a safety braking system suitable for the electronic or electrical control of actuating and resetting safety brakes in elevator systems. It should be understood that the safety braking system of this disclosure can be used in... Figure 1 The elevator system 10 of the type shown is used. However, this is only one example of a system in which the safety braking system of this disclosure can be used. The safety braking system of this disclosure can also be used in any other suitable type of transport system. Such other types of transport systems may include (but are not limited to) hydraulic elevator systems and cordless elevator systems, such as clamping wheel or linear motor propulsion elevator systems.

[0087] Figure 2An example of a safety braking system 40 with a safety brake 42 and an actuator 44 is shown. The safety braking system 40 can be installed to... Figure 1 The safety brake 42 is actuated on the elevator car 16 without relying on a mechanical connection with the governor 22. This example safety brake system 40 includes a mounting member 48 that can be mounted on the elevator car frame 14. In other examples, the mounting member 48 may instead be mounted on the outer surface of the elevator car 16. The mounting member 48 includes an aperture 52 that allows the mounting member 48 to be secured to the car frame 14. The mounting member 48 includes an actuator mounting portion 49 and a safety brake mounting portion 50. In this example, as... Figure 2 As shown, the actuator mounting portion 49 and the safety brake mounting portion 50 are separate components. In other examples, both the actuator mounting portion 49 and the safety brake mounting portion 50 may be parts of the same component. Both the actuator mounting portion 49 and the safety brake mounting portion 50 in this example include an aperture 52 that allows the respective mounting portion to be secured to the car frame 14. The safety brake system in this example also includes a guide rail channel 54 that extends along the length of the safety brake 42 and is configured to receive a guide rail 20 (…). Figure 2 (Not shown in the image).

[0088] The safety brake 42 of the safety braking system 40 is movable between a non-braking position in which the safety brake 42 is not engaged with the guide rail 20 and a braking position in which the safety brake 42 is engaged with the guide rail 20. Figure 2 In the example, safety brake 42 is a roller safety brake, comprising an angled surface and a roller capable of moving along the surface from a non-braking position to a braking position, in which the roller engages with guide rail 20. As shown, in this example, safety brake 42 is positioned below actuator 44 such that linkage 56 can act to pull the roller upward along the angled surface to move safety brake 42 into the braking position. However, it should be appreciated that safety brake 42 can take any suitable form and can be modified to include a wedge-shaped brake pad instead of the roller, or a magnetic brake pad. In some examples, safety brake can be positioned above actuator 44 such that, for example, linkage can act to push the roller upward along the angled surface to move safety brake into the braking position. Various roller safety brakes such as those described above are known in the art, for example, as seen in US 4,538,706.

[0089] Regardless of the exact form of the safety brake 42, it is connected to the actuator 44 via a linkage mechanism 56. The actuator 44 is positioned between the first and second ferromagnetic components. Figure 2In this example, the first ferromagnetic component is a pad 60 for the actuator 44. In this example, the pad 60 extends outward from and perpendicular to the actuator mounting portion 49 in a direction away from the car frame 14. Figure 2 The second ferromagnetic component in the example is guide rail 20 ( Figure 2 (Not shown in the image).

[0090] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 The safety braking system 40 also includes a cover 61 attached to the actuator mounting portion 49 to define a passage 58 between the cover 61 and the actuator mounting portion 49. An actuator 44 is located in the passage 58 between the actuator mounting portion 49 and the cover 61, such that lateral movement of the actuator 44 relative to the guide rail 20 is limited in one direction by the actuator mounting portion 49 and in the opposite direction by the cover 61. Thus, the actuator 44 can be configured to move toward and away from the guide rail and is constrained or limited in other lateral directions, such as directions perpendicular to the directions of movement toward and away from the guide rail. The rear end 57 of the passage 58 is defined at least partially by a pad 60. The pad 60 restricts movement of the actuator in the direction away from the guide rail 20. The front end 59 of the passage 58 is open to allow movement of the actuator 44 toward the guide rail 20 and / or contact between the actuator 44 and the guide rail 20. Actuator 44 is freely movable along channel 58 in a direction along guide rail 20 between a first axial end 64 and a second axial end 65. The first axial end 64 includes at least one opening (not shown) through which linkage mechanism 56 extends. In the described example, the first axial end 64 and the second axial end 65 of channel 58 are defined by a cover. In other examples, the first axial end 64 and the second axial end 65 of channel 58 may be at least partially defined by mounting portion 49.

[0091] Figure 2 The actuator 44 of the safety braking system 40 is in Figure 5 The image shows this in more detail. The actuator 44 includes an array of magnetic components and is configured to move from a first position adjacent to the pad 60 (the first ferromagnetic component in this example) to a second position adjacent to the guide rail 20 (the second ferromagnetic component in this example). The array of magnetic components includes at least one first magnetic component and at least two second magnetic components. The first magnetic components are adjacent to and arranged between the two second magnetic components. The first magnetic component includes one of a permanent magnet and an electromagnet, and each of the second magnetic components includes the other of a permanent magnet and an electromagnet. Thus, when the first magnetic component is a permanent magnet, the two second magnetic components are electromagnets, and when the first magnetic component is an electromagnet, the two second magnetic components are permanent magnets.

[0092] In some examples, such as Figure 5As shown, the first and second ferromagnetic components are spaced apart from each other in a first direction, and the magnetic components of the array are aligned in a direction perpendicular to the first direction or in a direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction (e.g., within 25° of the first direction). When current is supplied to the electromagnet(s) of the first or second magnetic components, the magnetic components of the array are oriented relative to their magnetic fields to form a Halbach array.

[0093] exist Figure 5 In the example, the array of magnetic components includes an electromagnet 66 (first magnetic component) and two permanent magnets 68 (second magnetic components). The electromagnet 66 is adjacent to and arranged between the two permanent magnets 68, such that the magnetic components are stacked in the direction of the guide rail 20 (generally in a direction perpendicular to the first direction).

[0094] The array of magnetic components is configured such that the magnetic fields of the two permanent magnets 68 are opposite in direction to each other. When current is supplied to the electromagnet 66, the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet 66 has a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the two permanent magnets 68. As a result, the magnetic fields generated by the electromagnet 66 and the two permanent magnets 68 interact, causing the array of magnetic components to generate a magnetic field that is enhanced on one side of the array and weakened on the other side.

[0095] In such Figure 5 In one example set, the north pole of the first of two permanent magnets 68 faces the north pole of the second of the two permanent magnets 68, such that the magnetic fields of the two permanent magnets 68 are in opposite directions. Figure 5 In the example, each of the two permanent magnets is oriented relative to its magnetic poles such that the north pole is adjacent to (or faces) the electromagnet 66, while the south pole faces away from the electromagnet 66. The polarity of the electromagnet 66 is determined by the direction of the current supplied to the magnet. The electromagnet 66 can be energized to have a first polarity such that the north pole of the electromagnet 66 faces the guide rail 20, or to have a second polarity such that the south pole of the electromagnet 66 faces the guide rail 20.

[0096] The actuator 44 in this example also includes a support structure 70 that houses the electromagnet 66 and two permanent magnets 68. The support structure 70 can take any suitable shape and in this example includes a frame. Figure 5 In one example, the frame comprises a ferromagnetic material, and a portion of the frame extends through the coil of the electromagnet 66 to form the ferromagnetic core of the electromagnet 66. In other examples, the electromagnet 66 may comprise a separate ferromagnetic component as the core. The electromagnet 66 and the two permanent magnets 68 are fixed relative to each other via a support structure 70, such that the electromagnet 66 and the two permanent magnets 68 can move as a single unit. The electromagnet 66 is positioned between the two permanent magnets 68, such that the array extends in a vertical direction, or in other words, in a direction parallel to the guide rail 20.

[0097] exist Figure 5 In the example and refer to Figure 6 The support structure 70 defines a first external component 71, an intermediate component 72, and a second external component 73. The first external component 71, the intermediate component 72, and the second external component 73 extend in a direction generally parallel to a first direction. The first external component 71, the intermediate component 72, and the second external component 73 are substantially parallel to each other. The first external component 71, the intermediate component 72, and the second external component 73 are spaced apart from each other in a direction generally perpendicular to the first direction. Each of the first external component 71, the intermediate component 72, and the second external component 73 includes a first end 71a, 72a, 73a and a second end 71b, 72b, 73b. When the actuator 44 is in place in the elevator system, the first ends 71a, 72a, 73a of the first external component 71, the intermediate component 72, and the second external component 73 are positioned facing the guide rail 20 and are closer to the guide rail 20 than the second ends 71b, 72b, 73b of the first external component 71, the intermediate component 72, and the second external component 73. The second ends 71b, 72b, and 73b of the first external component 71, the intermediate component 72, and the second external component 73 are positioned facing the pad 60 and closer to the pad 60 than the first ends 71a, 72a, and 73a of the first external component 71, the intermediate component 72, and the second external component 73.

[0098] The support structure 70 further defines a front component 74 and a rear component 75 extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. The front component 74 and the rear component 75 are substantially parallel to each other. The front component 74 and the rear component 75 are spaced apart in a direction substantially parallel to the first direction. The front component 74 and the rear component 75 are each connected to each of the first outer component 71, the intermediate component 72, and the second outer component 73. The front component 74 connects the first ends 71a, 72a, and 73a of the first outer component 71, the intermediate component 72, and the second outer component 73 to each other. The rear component 75 connects the second ends 71b, 72b, and 73b of the first outer component 71, the intermediate component 72, and the second outer component 73 to each other.

[0099] like Figure 5 As shown and referenced Figure 6A portion of the first end 71a of the first outer member 71 extends beyond the front member 74 in a first direction (towards the guide rail 20 in this example), thereby defining a first outer fork 76a. A portion of the first end 72a of the middle member 72 extends beyond the front member 74 in a first direction (towards the guide rail 20 in this example), thereby defining a middle fork 77a. A portion of the first end 73a of the second outer member 73 extends beyond the front member 74 in a first direction (towards the guide rail 20 in this example), thereby defining a second outer fork 78a. A portion of the second end 71b of the first outer member 71 extends beyond the rear member 75 in a first direction (towards the pad 60 in this example), thereby defining a first outer rear fork 76b. In some examples, a portion of the second end 72b of the middle member 72 may extend beyond the rear member 75 in a first direction (towards the pad 60 in this example), thereby defining a middle rear fork 77b. A portion of the second end 73b of the second outer member 73 extends beyond the rear member 75 in a first direction (towards the pad 60 in this example), thereby defining a second outer rear fork 78b.

[0100] exist Figure 5 In this example, the intermediate rear fork 77b is not provided. In such an example, the energy required to enhance the magnetic field between the guide rail 20 and the actuator 44 to cause the actuator 44 to move to the second position may be less than the energy required to enhance the magnetic field between the pad 60 and the actuator 44 to move the actuator 44 from the second position back to the first position. In other words, in such an example, the energy required to trigger or actuate the actuator 44 may be less than the energy required to reset the actuator 44.

[0101] like Figure 5 As shown and referenced Figure 6 The coil 69 of the electromagnet 66 is wound around the intermediate component 72. Therefore, the intermediate component 72 forms the electromagnetic core of the electromagnet 66. One of the two permanent magnets is located at a substantially equidistant distance between the first outer component 71 and the intermediate component 72. The other of the two permanent magnets is located at a substantially equidistant distance from the second outer component 73 and the intermediate component 72. The first end of each of the two permanent magnets is received by the front component 74. The second opposite end of each of the two permanent magnets is received by the rear component 75.

[0102] exist Figure 5 In the example and refer to Figure 6The support structure 70 is configured to guide the magnetic flux of the magnetic components in the array of magnetic components. In other words, the magnetic flux generated by the array of magnetic components is directed to preferentially flow through the ferromagnetic support structure 70 in order to optimize the interaction between the magnetic fields of the electromagnet 66 and the two permanent magnets 68. The forks 76a, 77a, and 78a of the first outer component 71, the intermediate component 72, and the second outer component 73 are configured to guide the magnetic flux generated by the magnetic components in the array of magnetic components. The first outer rear forks 76b and the second outer rear forks 78b of the first outer component 71 and the second outer component 73 are configured to guide the magnetic flux generated by the magnetic components in the array of magnetic components. In some examples, the rear fork 77b of the intermediate component 72 may also be provided and configured to guide the magnetic flux generated by the magnetic components in the array of magnetic components.

[0103] Although it has been discussed Figure 5 and Figure 6 Support structure 70 has been described, but other constructions are contemplated, and it should be understood that such a support structure having all or some of the features described in relation to this example may be provided with any example of an actuator according to this disclosure.

[0104] The actuator 44 may also include one or more contact portions 80 disposed on the frame for contacting the guide rail 20 when the actuator 44 is in the second position. In some examples (not shown), the contact portions may include a high-friction surface. In other examples, one or more contact portions 80 may be provided as separate components attached to the actuator 44.

[0105] exist Figure 5 In the diagram, actuator 44 is shown in a first position, corresponding to when safety brake 42 is in a non-braking position, such as during installation or after reset. Safety braking system 40 is mounted to car frame 14 via mounting member (mounting portion 49 in this example). Figure 5 (Not shown in the image) This causes the safety braking system 40 to move along the guide rail 20 together with the elevator car 16 in use. In the first position, the actuator 44 is magnetically attached to the pad 60 and spaced apart from the guide rail 20, as will be further described below.

[0106] like Figure 5As shown, when actuator 44 is in the first position, electromagnet 66 is in the first state. In this example, no current is supplied to electromagnet 66, and therefore, when electromagnet 66 is in the first state, electromagnet 66 does not generate a magnetic field. As a result, the array of magnetic components does not generate a magnetic field that is enhanced on the first side and a magnetic field that is weakened or canceled on the other opposite side. Due to the attractive magnetic force between the two permanent magnets 68 and the pad 60, actuator 44 (the frame in the illustrated example) is held against the pad 60. Therefore, actuator 44 is held away from guide rail 20, defining a gap 45 between actuator 44 and guide rail 20.

[0107] Safety controller 79 (e.g.) Figure 10 (Shown shown and described in further detail below) is electrically connected to electromagnet 66. If the speed controller 22 detects a free fall, overspeed, or over-acceleration condition of the elevator car 16, the safety controller 79 is configured to switch the electromagnet 66 to a second state by supplying pulses of current to the electromagnet 66 in a first direction of current flow. In an alternative example, the safety controller 79 may be configured to provide a continuous current supply so as to retain the electromagnet 66 in the second state after it has been switched from the first state to the second state. In either example, the safety controller 79 is configured to energize the electromagnet 66 to have a first polarity. When the electromagnet 66 is in the second state, the magnetic fields generated by the corresponding components of the array interact such that the magnetic fields generated by the magnetic components on the first side of the array are added together to provide an enhanced magnetic field on the first side of the array. Conversely, the magnetic fields generated by the magnetic components on the second opposite side of the array are opposite and therefore add together to provide a weakened magnetic field on the second opposite side of the array. Therefore, the array can be configured such that when the electromagnet 66 is in the second state, the attractive magnetic force between the array and the pad 60 is weakened or canceled, and the attractive magnetic force between the array and the guide rail 20 is stronger or enhanced. Therefore, as will be referred to below... Figure 7 In further detail, the actuator 44 (in this example, the frame) will move into a second position in contact with the guide rail 20 by the attractive magnetic force between the array of magnetic components and the guide rail 20.

[0108] exist Figure 7 The image shows the second position in contact with the guide rail 20 after the electromagnet 66 has switched to the second state. Figure 5 Actuator 44. In Figure 6In the example, once the safety controller 79 stops supplying current to the electromagnet 66, the electromagnet 66 returns to its first state. It should be understood that once the electromagnet 66 stops generating a magnetic field, the magnetic fields generated by the corresponding components of the array can no longer interact, causing the magnetic field generated by the magnetic components on the first side of the array to strengthen, while the magnetic field on the second opposite side weakens or cancels out. Therefore, when the actuator 44 is in the second position and the electromagnet 66 has returned to its first state (in which no current was supplied), the actuator 44 is held in the second position by the attractive magnetic force between the permanent magnet 68 and the guide rail 20 against the guide rail 20. In other words, the actuator 44 is magnetically attached to the guide rail 20 in the second position.

[0109] In other examples, the safety controller 79 may be configured to provide a continuous current supply to the electromagnet 66, thereby holding the actuator 44 against the rail 20 in a second position by the attractive magnetic force between the array of magnetic components and the rail 20. In other words, the safety controller 79 may be configured to hold the electromagnet 66 in a second state when the actuator 44 is in the second position.

[0110] Once the actuator 44 is magnetically attached to the guide rail 20, downward movement of the elevator car 16 relative to the guide rail 20 causes the actuator 44 to move upward relative to the elevator car 16 to a third position. This is due to the downward movement of the elevator car 16 and the actuator mounting portion 49 fixed to the elevator car 16 via the frame 14, as well as the fixed position of the guide rail 20. In some examples, this is at least partly due to the frictional force generated between the guide rail 20 and the contact portion 80 (or support structure 70) held against the guide rail 20 by magnetic force, which opposes the movement of the elevator car and thus results in an upward reaction force. In other examples, the high-friction surface of the contact portion 80 can increase the frictional force between the contact portion 80 and the guide rail 20 by having a higher coefficient of friction. This can more reliably hold the actuator 44 against the guide rail.

[0111] exist Figure 8 middle, Figure 5 The actuator 44 is shown in the third position. When the actuator 44 moves to the third position, the resulting upward reaction force is applied to the linkage mechanism 56 (not shown) connecting the actuator 44 and the safety brake 42. The linkage mechanism 56 transmits the upward reaction force to the roller of the safety brake 42, causing the roller to move upward along an angled surface into the braking position, engaging the guide rail 20 and preventing further downward movement of the elevator car 16. Therefore, when the safety controller 79 detects an overspeed or free-fall condition in the elevator car 16, the safety braking system 40 activates to prevent further downward movement of the elevator car 16.

[0112] To reset the safety brake 42 and actuator 44, the elevator car 16 is moved upward. The elevator car 16 is moved upward until the safety brake 42 is released and the actuator 44 is aligned with the pad 60. In some examples, aligning the actuator 44 with the pad 60 (i.e., the first ferromagnetic component) corresponds to moving the actuator 44 from the third position to the second position. The safety controller 79 is then configured to switch the electromagnet 66 to the third state by supplying current pulses to the electromagnet 66 in the second direction of current flow. In other words, the safety controller 79 is configured to energize the electromagnet 66 to have a second polarity. In this respect, the current supplied to switch the electromagnet 66 to the third state is opposite in direction to the current supplied to switch the electromagnet 66 to the second state, and therefore, the second polarity of the electromagnet 66 when it is in the third state is opposite to the first polarity of the electromagnet 66 when it is in the second state. When the electromagnet 66 is in the third state, the magnetic fields generated by the corresponding components of the array interact, causing the magnetic fields generated by the magnetic components on the second side of the array to add together, providing an enhanced magnetic field on the second side of the array. Conversely, the magnetic fields generated by the magnetic components on the first opposite side of the array are opposite and therefore add together, providing a weakened magnetic field on the first side of the array. Thus, the array can be configured such that when the electromagnet 66 is in the third state, the attractive magnetic force between the array and the rail 20 is weakened or canceled, and the attractive magnetic force between the array and the pad 60 is stronger or enhanced. Therefore, the actuator 44 (in this example, the frame) will be moved to a first position in contact with the pad 60 by the attractive magnetic force generated between the array of magnetic components and the pad 60. Once the electromagnet stops being supplied with current and thus returns to its first state, the actuator 44 is held in the first position by the magnetic force between the permanent magnet 68 and the pad.

[0113] about Figure 9 Another example of a safety braking system 140 according to this disclosure is described. The safety braking system 140 operates in substantially the same manner as described above and can be used with the safety brake 142 and linkage mechanism 156 in the manner described above. However, Figure 9 The example actuator 144 has an array of magnetic components including a permanent magnet 168 disposed between two electromagnets 166. In this example, the array is configured such that the magnetic fields generated by the two electromagnets 166 are opposite in direction to each other when current is supplied by the safety controller 79. The magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 168 has a direction substantially perpendicular to the magnetic fields of the two electromagnets 166. As a result, the magnetic fields generated by the two electromagnets 166 and the permanent magnet 168 interact, causing the array of magnetic components to generate a magnetic field that is enhanced on one side of the array and weakened on the other side.

[0114] exist Figure 9In the example, support structure 170 defines a first external component 171 and a second external component 173. The first external component 171 and the second external component 173 extend in a direction generally parallel to a first direction. The first external component 171 and the second external component 173 are substantially parallel to each other. The first external component 171 and the second external component 173 are spaced apart from each other in a direction generally perpendicular to the first direction. Each of the first external component 171 and the second external component 173 includes a first end 171a, 173a and a second end 171b, 173b. When the actuator 144 is in place in the elevator system, the first ends 171a, 173a of the first external component 171 and the second external component 173 are positioned facing the guide rail 20 and are closer to the guide rail 20 than the second ends 171b, 173b of the first external component 171 and the second external component 173. The second ends 171b and 173b of the first external component 171 and the second external component 173 are positioned facing the pad 60 and closer to the pad 60 than the first ends 171a and 173a of the first external component 171 and the second external component 173.

[0115] The support structure 170 further defines a front component 174 and a rear component 175 extending in a direction generally perpendicular to the first direction. The front component 174 and the rear component 175 are substantially parallel to each other. The front component 174 and the rear component 175 are spaced apart in a direction generally parallel to the first direction. The front component 174 and the rear component 175 are each connected to each of the first external component 171 and the second external component 173. The front component 174 connects the first ends 171a and 173a of the first external component 171 and the second external component 173 to each other. The rear component 175 connects the second ends 171b and 173b of the first external component 171 and the second external component 173 to each other.

[0116] like Figure 9 As shown, a portion of the first end 171a of the first outer component 171 extends beyond the front component 174 in a first direction (towards the guide rail 20 in this example), thereby defining a first outer fork 176a. A portion of the first end 173a of the second outer component 173 extends beyond the front component 74 in a first direction (towards the guide rail 20 in this example), thereby defining a second outer fork 178a. A portion of the second end 171b of the first outer component 171 extends beyond the rear component 175 in a first direction (towards the pad 60 in this example), thereby defining a first outer rear fork 176b. A portion of the second end 173b of the second outer component 173 extends beyond the rear component 175 in a first direction (towards the pad 60 in this example), thereby defining a second outer rear fork 178b.

[0117] like Figure 8As shown, the coils 169 of the electromagnet 166 are wound around the first external component 171 and the second external component 173, respectively. Therefore, the first external component 171 and the second external component 173 respectively form the electromagnetic core of the electromagnet 166. A permanent magnet 168 is located at a substantially equal distance between the first external component 171 and the second external component 173. A first end of the permanent magnet 168 is received by the front component 174. A second opposite end of the permanent magnet 168 is received by the rear component 175.

[0118] exist Figure 8 In the example, the support structure 170 is configured to guide the magnetic flux of the magnetic components in the array of magnetic components. In other words, the magnetic flux generated by the array of magnetic components is directed to preferentially flow through the ferromagnetic support structure 170 in order to optimize the interaction between the magnetic fields of the two electromagnets 166 and the permanent magnet 168. The forks 176a, 178a of the first outer component 171 and the second outer component 173 are configured to guide the magnetic flux generated by the magnetic components in the array of magnetic components. The first outer rear forks 176b and the second outer rear fork 178b of the first outer component 171 and the second outer component 173 are configured to guide the magnetic flux generated by the magnetic components in the array of magnetic components. Although already discussed... Figure 8 Support structure 170 has been described, but other constructions are contemplated, and it should be understood that such a support structure having all or some of the features described in relation to this example may be provided with any example of an actuator according to this disclosure.

[0119] In another set of examples of safety braking systems according to this disclosure, the safety braking system may be as follows: Figures 5 to 7 or Figure 9 As shown in the examples, it can operate in essentially the same manner as described above. Furthermore, it can be used with safety brakes and linkage mechanisms in the manner described above. However, in these examples, when the electromagnet(s) of the first magnetic component or two or more second magnetic components are in the first state, current is supplied to the electromagnet(s) in the first direction of current flow, such that the magnetic fields generated by the magnetic components on the first side of the array are added together to provide an enhanced magnetic field on the first side of the array, and the magnetic fields generated by the magnetic components on the second opposite side of the array are added together to provide a weakened magnetic field on the second opposite side of the array. In other words, when the electromagnet(s) are in the first state, the actuator is held in the first position against the first ferromagnetic component by the enhanced magnetic force on the first side of the array.

[0120] In this set of examples, the electromagnet(s) are switched to a second state by reversing the direction of current flow supplied to them, and the actuator is moved to a second position. In the second position, the actuator is held in place by a reinforcing magnetic force against a second ferromagnetic member on a second side of the array. It should be understood that in this set of examples, the safety controller is configured to continuously supply current to the electromagnet(s) and to switch the electromagnet(s) from a first state to a second state by reversing the direction of the supplied current flow. Therefore, in this set of examples, the electromagnet(s) are either in the first state or in the second state. To reset the safety brake and the actuator, the elevator car 16 moves upward until the safety brake is released and the actuator aligns with the first ferromagnetic member. In some examples, aligning the actuator with the first ferromagnetic member corresponds to moving the actuator from a third position to a second position. The safety controller 79 is then configured to switch the electromagnet(s) to a third state (here corresponding to switching the electromagnet back to the first state) by supplying current to the electromagnet(s) in a first direction of current flow.

[0121] In any of the examples disclosed above, linkages 56, 156 may take any suitable form for the mechanical transmission of the upward reaction force. Although linkages 56, 156 have been illustrated as rods, they may be, for example, lines or a series of connecting elements or plates. Furthermore, although safety brake 42 has been illustrated as positioned below actuator 44, it may instead be positioned above actuator 44, wherein the upward reaction force is transmitted as described above.

[0122] Furthermore, all the examples shown are configured for vertical movement of the elevator car 16 along the guide rail 20. However, it should be appreciated that the examples of this disclosure are equally applicable to elevators or conveyor systems in which the conveying components are configured to move horizontally or in another non-vertical direction. Thus, the safety braking system according to various examples of this disclosure can be used to stop the movement of the conveying device in the upward direction or in another non-vertical direction, the engagement of the actuator with the guide rail resulting in a reaction force in the opposite direction to the direction of movement of the conveying device relative to the guide rail, which causes the linkage to move the safety brake to engage with the guide rail.

[0123] Figure 10A schematic block diagram of emergency braking control for elevator system 10 and safety braking systems 40, 140 is shown. Elevator system 10 also includes a speed sensor 92, an accelerometer 94, and a safety controller 79. Speed ​​sensor 92 measures the descent and ascent speeds of elevator car 16. Accelerometer 94 measures the acceleration of elevator car 16. Safety controller 79 is arranged to receive a speed signal 96 from speed sensor 92 and an acceleration signal 98 from accelerometer 94, and controls the electrical power supply 99 to at least one electromagnet 66 in safety braking systems 40, 140. For example, when safety controller 79 detects an overspeed condition for elevator car 16 based on speed signal 96, or when safety controller 79 detects an over-acceleration condition for elevator car 16 based on speed signal 96 or acceleration signal 98, safety controller 79 will selectively supply current to the at least one electromagnet 66 or each electromagnet 166. In some examples, the safety controller 79 selectively supplies current pulses to the electromagnet(s) 66, 166 of the first magnetic component or the two second magnetic components. In other examples, the safety controller 79 selectively supplies continuous current to the electromagnet(s) 66, 166 of the first magnetic component or the two second magnetic components to maintain the electromagnet(s) in a given state.

[0124] Figure 11A and Figure 11B Another example of a safety braking system 240 with actuator 244 and safety brake 242 is shown, wherein the safety brake is shown as being in the position of Figure 11A The first non-braking position and Figure 11B The second braking position. Although in Figure 11A and Figure 11B The safety brake shown in the diagram is a roller safety brake; however, it should be understood that the safety brake 242 can take any suitable form. The safety braking system 240 can be integrated with… Figure 2 The example shown is installed to the elevator car frame 14 in essentially the same manner. In the example shown, the mounting component 249 comprises a single part. However, it should be understood that, as in the example shown above, separate mounting components may be available.

[0125] Regardless of the exact form of the safety brake 242, it is coupled to the actuator 244 via a linkage mechanism 256. The actuator 244 includes an array of magnetic components and is configured to move from a first position adjacent to a first ferromagnetic component to a second position adjacent to a second ferromagnetic component. The array of magnetic components includes at least one first magnetic component and at least two second magnetic components. The first magnetic components are adjacent to and arranged between the two second magnetic components. The first magnetic component includes one of a permanent magnet and an electromagnet, and each of the second magnetic components includes the other of a permanent magnet and an electromagnet. Thus, when the first magnetic component is a permanent magnet, the two second magnetic components are electromagnets, and when the first magnetic component is an electromagnet, the two second magnetic components are permanent magnets.

[0126] exist Figure 11A and Figure 11B In the example, the array of magnetic components includes an electromagnet 266 (first magnetic component) and two permanent magnets 268 (second magnetic components). The electromagnet 266 is adjacent to the two permanent magnets 268 and arranged between them, such that the magnetic components are stacked in a direction perpendicular to the guide rail 20.

[0127] Actuator 244 is configured to move relative to mounting member 249 along an axis parallel to guide rail 20 between a first position and a second position. Actuator 244 is thus configured to provide movement to linkage 256, thereby moving safety brake 242 between a non-braking position and a braking position. Linkage 256 is coupled to roller 282 at one end and extends along axis 283 parallel to or generally parallel to guide rail 20 (e.g., within 10° parallel to guide rail 20). As seen in this example, safety brake 242 is located below actuator 244, such that linkage 256 can function to pull roller 282 upward along “wedge” surface 284 to move safety brake 242 into the braking position. In the example shown, roller 282 is pulled upward along braking axis, which corresponds to axis 283 in the example shown.

[0128] The safety braking system 240 also includes a housing 262 fixed to the mounting member 249 and surrounding the actuator 244. The housing 262 may take any suitable shape and, in the example shown, includes a hollow body having a longitudinal axis AA and a first closed end 262a and a second closed end 262b. A safety lever 285 is provided, and in the example shown, the safety lever 285 is formed as a continuation of the linkage mechanism 256. In any example of this disclosure, the safety lever 285 may alternatively be a component separate from the linkage mechanism 256. The safety lever 285 extends into the housing 262 along a lever axis through the first closed end 262a of the housing 262, which, in the example shown, corresponds to the longitudinal axis AA of the housing 262 and extends parallel to the guide rail 20.

[0129] Actuator 244 and Figure 2 and Figure 5 The actuators in the examples are basically the same. Figure 11A A safety braking system 240 is shown in a non-braking position when the actuator 244 is in a first position (e.g., during installation or after reset). In this position, the actuator 244 is kept in contact with the first closed end 262a (first ferromagnetic component) of the housing 262 by the attractive magnetic force between the permanent magnet 268 and the first closed end 262a. In the first position, the actuator 244 is spaced apart from the second closed end 262b (second ferromagnetic component) of the housing 262. In the first position, the electromagnet 266 is in a first state, does not receive current in this example, and therefore does not generate a magnetic field.

[0130] Safety controller 79 (e.g.) Figure 10(As shown) is electrically connected to electromagnet 266. If the speed controller 22 detects a free fall, overspeed, or over-acceleration condition in the elevator car 16, the safety controller 79 is configured to switch the electromagnet 266 to a second state by supplying a pulse of current to the electromagnet 266 in a first direction of current flow. In other words, the safety controller 79 is configured to energize the electromagnet 266 to have a first polarity. When the electromagnet 266 is in the second state, the magnetic fields generated by the corresponding components of the array interact such that the magnetic fields generated by the magnetic components on the first side of the array are added together to provide an enhanced magnetic field on the first side of the array. Conversely, the magnetic fields generated by the magnetic components on the second opposite side of the array are opposite and therefore add together to provide a weakened magnetic field on the second opposite side of the array. Thus, the array can be configured such that when the electromagnet 266 is in the second state, the attractive magnetic force between the array and the first closed end 262a is weakened or canceled, and the attractive magnetic force between the array and the second closed end 262b is stronger or enhanced. Therefore, actuator 244 (frame 270 in this example) will move to contact the second closed end 262b, in other words, move to the second position, by the attractive magnetic force generated between the array of magnetic components and the second closed end 262b. Figure 11B In the example, when the actuator 244 is in the second position, it is stopped by the second closed end 262b of the housing 262 and / or rests on the second closed end 262b of the housing 262.

[0131] Safety lever 285 is connected to actuator 244 and therefore moves along axis 283 in the direction of travel of actuator 244. (As mentioned above...) Figure 11A and Figure 11B The safety lever 285 is continuous with or connected to the linkage 256. The linkage 256 is connected to a similar component of the roller 282 or the safety brake 242, such that, in the illustrated example, movement of the safety lever 285 pulls the roller 282 or other safety brake component upward (but more generally, in the opposite direction to the direction of movement of the elevator car 16 during free fall, overspeed, or over-acceleration). Therefore, the safety lever 285 actuates to move the safety brake 242 into a braking position, engaging the guide rail 20 and preventing further downward movement of the elevator car 16. In other words, the safety brake 242 is actuated as the safety controller 79 switches the electromagnet 266 from a first state where no current is supplied to the electromagnet 266 to a second state where current is supplied to the electromagnet 266 in the first direction.

[0132] exist Figure 11B middle, Figure 11AActuator 244 is shown in the second position after electromagnet 266 has switched to the second state. Once safety controller 79 stops supplying current pulses to electromagnet 266, electromagnet 266 returns to the first state. It should be understood that once electromagnet 266 stops generating a magnetic field, the magnetic fields generated by the corresponding components of the array can no longer interact to enhance the magnetic field generated by the magnetic components on the first side of the array and cancel the magnetic field on the second opposite side. When actuator 244 returns to the first state, actuator 244 is held in the second position against the second closed end 262b by magnetic attraction between permanent magnet 268 and the second closed end 262b. In other words, actuator 44 is magnetically attached to the second closed end 262b in the second position.

[0133] To reset the safety brake 242 and actuator 244 of the safety braking system 240 from the braking position to the non-braking position, the safety controller 79 is configured to switch the electromagnet 266 to a third state by supplying current pulses to the electromagnet 266 in a second direction of current flow, wherein the second direction of current flow is opposite to the first direction of current flow. When the electromagnet 266 is in the third state, the magnetic fields generated by the corresponding components of the array interact such that the magnetic fields generated by the magnetic components on the second side of the array are added together to provide an enhanced magnetic field on the second side of the array. Conversely, the magnetic fields generated by the magnetic components on the first opposite side of the array are opposite and therefore add together to provide a weakened magnetic field on the first side of the array. Thus, the array can be configured such that when the electromagnet 266 is in the third state, the attractive magnetic force between the array and the second closed end 262b is weakened or canceled, and the attractive magnetic force between the array and the first closed end 262a is stronger or enhanced. Therefore, actuator 244 (frame 270 in this example) will move to contact the first closed end 262a at a first position by the attractive magnetic force between the array of magnetic components and the first closed end 262a. Once the electromagnet 266 is no longer supplied with current, actuator 244 is held in the first position by the magnetic force between the permanent magnet 268 and the first closed end 262a. In this example and other examples, the elevator car 16 can optionally move along the guide rail 20 in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of the elevator car 16 during free fall, overspeed, or over-acceleration conditions before the safety controller 79 switches the electromagnet 266 to reset the safety brake.

[0134] Reference Figure 10The elevator system 10 includes a safety controller 79. The elevator system 10 also includes a speed sensor 93 and an accelerometer 94. The speed sensor 92 measures the descent and ascent speeds of the elevator car 16. The accelerometer 94 measures the acceleration of the elevator car 16. The safety controller 79 is arranged to receive a speed signal 96 from the speed sensor 92 and an acceleration signal 98 from the accelerometer 94, and to control the electrical power supply 99 to the at least one electromagnet 266 in the safety braking system 240. In one set of examples, the elevator system 10 may include either the speed sensor 93 or the accelerometer 94. In some examples, the speed sensor 93 may measure the descent and ascent acceleration and speed of the elevator car 16. In other examples, the accelerometer 94 may measure the descent and ascent acceleration and speed of the elevator car 16.

[0135] For example, when the safety controller 79 detects an overspeed condition of the elevator car 16 based on the speed signal 96, or when the safety controller 79 detects an over-acceleration condition of the elevator car 16 based on the speed signal 96 or the acceleration signal 98, the safety controller 79 will selectively supply current to the at least one electromagnet 266. In some examples, the safety controller 79 will selectively supply current pulses to the electromagnet(s) 266 of the first magnetic component or the two second magnetic components. In other examples, the safety controller 79 will selectively supply continuous current to the electromagnet(s) 266 of the first magnetic component or the two second magnetic components to maintain the electromagnet(s) in a given state.

[0136] In another set of examples of safety braking systems according to this disclosure, the safety braking system may be as follows: Figure 11A and Figure 11B As shown in the examples, it can operate in essentially the same manner as described above. Furthermore, it can be used with safety brakes and linkage mechanisms in the manner described above. However, in these examples, the actuator comprises an array of magnetic components, which includes a permanent magnet arranged between two electromagnets. In these examples, the array is configured such that the magnetic fields generated by the two electromagnets are opposite in direction to each other when current is supplied by the safety controller. The magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet has a direction substantially perpendicular to the magnetic fields of the two electromagnets. As a result, the magnetic fields generated by the two electromagnets and the permanent magnet interact, causing the array of magnetic components to generate a magnetic field that is enhanced on one side of the array and weakened on the other side.

[0137] In another set of examples of safety braking systems according to this disclosure, the safety braking system may be as follows: Figure 11A and Figure 11BAs shown in the examples, it can operate in essentially the same manner as described above. Furthermore, it can be used with safety brakes and linkage mechanisms in the manner described above. However, in these examples, when the electromagnet(s) of the first magnetic component or two or more second magnetic components are in the first state, current is supplied to the electromagnet(s) in the first direction of current flow, such that the magnetic fields generated by the magnetic components on the first side of the array are added together to provide an enhanced magnetic field on the first side of the array, and the magnetic fields generated by the magnetic components on the second opposite side of the array are added together to provide a weakened magnetic field on the second opposite side of the array. In other words, when the electromagnet(s) are in the first state, the actuator is held in the first position against the first ferromagnetic component by the enhanced magnetic force on the first side of the array.

[0138] In this set of examples, the electromagnet(s) are switched to a second state by reversing the direction of current flow supplied to them, and the actuator is moved to a second position. In the second position, the actuator is held in place by a reinforcing magnetic force against a second ferromagnetic component on a second side of the array. It should be understood that in this set of examples, the safety controller is configured to continuously supply current to the electromagnet(s) and to switch the electromagnet(s) from a first state to a second state by reversing the direction of the supplied current flow. Therefore, in this set of examples, the electromagnet(s) are either in the first state or in the second state. To reset the safety brake and actuator, the elevator car 16 is moved upward until the safety brake is released. The safety controller is then configured to switch the electromagnet(s) back to the first state by supplying current to them in the first direction of current flow.

[0139] Those skilled in the art will understand that this disclosure has been illustrated by describing one or more examples, but the disclosure is not limited to these examples; many variations and modifications are possible within the scope of the appended claims. For example, the safety braking system may be used in corded or cordless elevator systems or other types of transport systems.

Claims

1. A safety braking system for use in a conveying system, the conveying system comprising a guide rail and a conveying component movable along the guide rail, the safety braking system comprising: A safety brake that is movable between a non-braking position in which the safety brake is not engaged with the guide rail and a braking position in which the safety brake is engaged with the guide rail; Linkage mechanism; and An actuator for the safety brake, the actuator being configured to be mounted to the conveying member and positioned between the first ferromagnetic member and the second ferromagnetic member, the actuator comprising: An array of magnetic components includes a first magnetic component adjacent to and disposed between two second magnetic components, wherein the first magnetic component includes one of a permanent magnet and an electromagnet, and wherein each of the second magnetic components includes the other of a permanent magnet and an electromagnet. Each of the two second magnetic components includes a first pole with a first polarity and a second pole with a second polarity. The first pole of the first second magnetic component faces the first pole of the second second magnetic component, while the second pole of the first second magnetic component faces away from the first magnetic component, and the second pole of the second second magnetic component faces away from the first magnetic component, such that the magnetic fields of the two second magnetic components are opposite to each other in direction. The magnetic components of the array are arranged such that when the electromagnet of the first or second magnetic component is in a first state, the actuator remains in a first position against the first ferromagnetic component. Specifically, when the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component switches from a first state to a second state, the magnetic field between the array and the first ferromagnetic component weakens to a value less than that when the electromagnet is in the first state, and the magnetic field between the array and the second ferromagnetic component strengthens to a value greater than that when the electromagnet is in the first state, so that the actuator moves from the first position to the second position against the second ferromagnetic component. The linkage mechanism connects the safety brake and the actuator, such that when the electromagnet switches from the first state to the second state, the movement of the actuator from the first position to the second position causes the safety brake to move into the braking position. The actuator further includes a ferromagnetic support structure that houses the magnetic components of the array to guide the magnetic flux generated by the magnetic components of the array through the ferromagnetic support structure. The ferromagnetic support structure includes a first outer component, an intermediate component, and a second outer component. The first outer component, the intermediate component, and the second outer component each extend in a first direction parallel to the direction of travel of the actuator from the first position to the second position. The first external component, the intermediate component, and the second external component are spaced apart from each other along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The first magnetic component is supported on the intermediate component. One of the second magnetic components is positioned between the first magnetic component and the first external component along the second direction, while the other of the second magnetic components is positioned between the first magnetic component and the second external component along the second direction.

2. The safety braking system according to claim 1, wherein, In the first state, the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component is not energized. The actuator is held in the first position by the permanent magnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component abutting against the first ferromagnetic component.

3. The safety braking system according to claim 1, wherein, The magnetic components of the array are arranged such that when the actuator is in the second position and when the electromagnet of the first or second magnetic component is not energized, the permanent magnet of the first or second magnetic component functions to hold the actuator against the second ferromagnetic component in the second position.

4. The safety braking system according to claim 1, wherein, In the second state, the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component is energized to have a first polarity, and in the first state, the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component is energized to have a second opposite polarity.

5. The safety braking system according to claim 1, wherein, When the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component switches to the third state, the magnetic field between the array and the first ferromagnetic component is enhanced, and the magnetic field between the array and the second ferromagnetic component is weakened, so as to move the actuator from the second position to the first position.

6. The safety braking system according to claim 5, wherein, The electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component is excited to have a first polarity in the second state, and is excited to have a second opposite polarity or the second opposite polarity in the third state.

7. The safety braking system of claim 1, further comprising a mounting member for attaching the actuator to the conveying member, in, The first ferromagnetic component is part of the mounting or fixed to the mounting.

8. The safety braking system according to claim 1, wherein, The array includes a plurality of first magnetic components, wherein each first magnetic component is arranged between two second magnetic components.

9. The safety braking system according to claim 1, wherein, The second ferromagnetic component is the guide rail.

10. The safety braking system according to claim 9, wherein, The actuator further includes: The contact portion optionally includes a high-friction surface and is configured to be spaced apart from the guide rail when the actuator is in the first position, and configured to be in contact with the guide rail when the actuator is in the second position. The safety braking system is configured such that when the conveying component is moving downward relative to the guide rail, the movement of the actuator to the second position generates an upward reaction force transmitted by the linkage mechanism to move the safety brake into the braking position.

11. The safety braking system according to claim 1, wherein, The first ferromagnetic component is a pad, and the second ferromagnetic component is a guide rail.

12. An elevator system, comprising: An elevator car that is driven to move along at least one guide rail; and The safety braking system according to any one of claims 1-11, wherein the safety brake is arranged to be movable between the non-braking position in which the safety brake is not engaged with the guide rail and the braking position in which the safety brake is engaged with the guide rail. The actuator is configured to move relative to the elevator car.

13. The elevator system of claim 12, further comprising: A speed sensor and a controller, the controller being arranged to receive a speed signal from the speed sensor, and to selectively switch the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component from the first state to the second state when an overspeed or over-acceleration condition for the elevator car is detected based on the speed signal. and / or An accelerometer and a controller, the controller being arranged to receive an acceleration signal from the accelerometer and, upon detecting an over-acceleration condition for the elevator car, selectively switch the electromagnet of the first magnetic component or the second magnetic component from the first state to the second state.

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