An antenna array for transmitting and receiving simultaneously on an aircraft

Abstract

The present invention relates to a simultaneous transmitting and receiving antenna array for an aircraft, which is primarily composed of a transmitting antenna array, a receiving antenna array, and a housing. The transmitting antenna array is located on the upper side of the housing, while the receiving antenna array is located on the lower side. The transmitting antenna array comprises five S-band transmitting antennas and one X-band transmitting antenna. The S-band transmitting antenna comprises an S-band transmitting antenna body, an S-band transmitting antenna feeder, and an S-band transmitting antenna reflective back cavity; the X-band transmitting antenna comprises an X-band transmitting antenna body, an X-band transmitting antenna feeder, and an X-band transmitting antenna reflective back cavity. The receiving antenna array comprises three S-band receiving antennas and three X-band receiving antennas. The S-band receiving antenna comprises an S-band receiving antenna body, an S-band receiving antenna feeder, and a metal floor; the X-band receiving antenna has the same structure as the X-band transmitting antenna. The present invention achieves broadband operation, miniaturization, and a simultaneous transmitting and receiving antenna array.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of antenna arrays, and in particular to an antenna array for transmitting and receiving simultaneously on an aircraft. Background Art

[0002] With the development of modern aircraft, the demand for miniaturized, high-isolation, simultaneous transmitting and receiving antenna arrays is increasing. Miniaturization can fully utilize the limited payload space and mass of an aircraft, allowing for the installation of more devices. However, as the electromagnetic environment becomes increasingly complex and variable, the number of radiation and scattering sources increases, leading to extreme congestion and overlap of electromagnetic waves in the time, frequency, and spatial domains. Furthermore, the small size of aircraft, with the receiving and transmitting antennas being very close together, often only a few meters, exacerbates antenna coupling and places high demands on the isolation of the array. Simultaneous transmitting and receiving arrays can continuously receive electromagnetic waves while continuously transmitting multiple electromagnetic waves in different directions, making them useful in a variety of scenarios. Therefore, miniaturized, high-isolation, simultaneous transmitting and receiving antennas have become a research focus in the antenna field.

[0003] Magnetoelectric dipole antennas, with their wide bandwidth, low backscatter, and stable radiation pattern, have garnered widespread attention in recent years. Currently, they are widely used in base station communication systems and radars.

[0004] However, existing antenna arrays that transmit and receive simultaneously can no longer meet the needs in many cases. Problems with antenna arrays that transmit and receive simultaneously:

[0005] Antenna arrays operate with a narrow bandwidth, failing to meet broadband requirements. Array isolation is difficult to improve, preventing the need for better isolation and interference mitigation within a limited space. Miniaturization is also challenging. Antenna size corresponds to the operating frequency, and further miniaturization poses significant challenges to impedance matching. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the problem of arranging a wide-band simultaneous transmitting and receiving antenna array in a compact aircraft structure in practical applications, the present invention proposes an antenna array for simultaneous transmitting and receiving of an aircraft.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

[0008] The invention discloses an antenna array for transmitting and receiving simultaneously for an aircraft, which mainly consists of a transmitting antenna array, a receiving antenna array and a shell.

[0009] The transmitting antenna array is located on the upper side of the shell, and the receiving antenna array is located at the lower part of the shell.

[0010] The shell is a symmetrical and hollow integral structure, which can be divided into an upper part, a middle part and a lower part. The upper part, the middle part and the lower part are connected in sequence.

[0011] The upper portion is a hollow pentagonal pyramid without a lower base. The pentagonal pyramid is a regular pyramid, with both the upper and lower bases being regular pentagons. The vertex angle of the regular pentagon of the lower base is located on the circumference of the top surface of the hollow cylinder in the middle portion. The side surfaces of the pentagonal pyramid are connected to the middle top surface. The transmitting antenna array is placed on the side surfaces and upper base of the pentagonal pyramid and is fixedly connected to the side surfaces and upper base of the pentagonal pyramid. The angle between the side surfaces and the base of the pentagonal pyramid is 36°, and the height is 25-35 mm.

[0012] The middle part is a hollow cylinder with an outer diameter of 130-140 mm and a height of 190-210 mm.

[0013] The lower portion of the housing can be divided into a lower top surface, a central hollow regular hexagonal prism, ribs, and a lower bottom surface. The lower top surface connects to the central portion and has a diameter equal to the circumference of the cross-sectional area of ​​the central outer surface. The lower bottom surface is a circular plate with a diameter equal to the circumference of the cross-sectional area of ​​the central outer surface. The central hollow regular hexagonal prism has a regular hexagonal cross-section. Ribs are provided on the outside of the hollow hexagonal prism. These ribs connect to the lower top surface, the side edges of the central hollow hexagonal prism, and the lower bottom surface. The extension of the center plane of the ribs passes through the centerline of the housing. The area enclosed by the lower top surface, the central hollow regular hexagonal prism, the ribs, and the lower bottom surface of the lower portion of the housing constitutes the receiving antenna frame. A step is provided within the receiving antenna frame. The step is located above the lower bottom surface and is fixedly connected to it. The step faces outward, forming a 70° angle between the step and the lower bottom surface. The receiving antenna array is located in the center of the step and is fixedly connected to it.

[0014] The material of the shell is aluminum alloy.

[0015] The transmitting antenna array is composed of five S-band transmitting antennas and one X-band transmitting antenna. The S-band transmitting antenna is located on the upper side of the pentagonal pyramid, and the X-band transmitting antenna is located on the upper side of the bottom surface of the pentagonal pyramid.

[0016] The receiving antenna array consists of three S-band receiving antennas and three X-band receiving antennas. The S-band receiving antennas and the X-band receiving antennas are placed adjacent to each other within the receiving antenna frame. That is, the two adjacent S-band receiving antennas are the X-band receiving antennas, and the two adjacent X-band receiving antennas are the S-band receiving antennas.

[0017] The above-mentioned antenna array for simultaneous transmission and reception of an aircraft, wherein the S-band transmitting antenna is composed of an S-band transmitting antenna body, an S-band transmitting antenna feeder, and an S-band transmitting antenna reflective back cavity.

[0018] The S-band transmitting antenna reflection back cavity is a box body, the height of the S-band transmitting antenna reflection back cavity box body is 25-29 mm, the bottom surface of the S-band transmitting antenna reflection back cavity box body is a square plate, the side length of the square plate is 32-36 mm, and the side surface is a rectangular plate.

[0019] The S-band transmitting antenna body and the S-band transmitting antenna feeder are both located at the center of the upper side of the bottom surface of the box and are fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the box. The center line of the S-band transmitting antenna body coincides with the center line of the bottom surface of the box.

[0020] The S-band transmitting antenna body consists of four symmetrically placed S-band transmitting antenna body units and a dielectric plate. The dielectric plate is made of fluoropolymer material with a thickness of 0.2 to 0.6 mm and is bonded to the S-band transmitting antenna body unit.

[0021] The S-band transmitting antenna body unit is a monolithic structure made of metal and can be divided into a triangular prism and a bent plate. The bent plate is located above the triangular prism, which is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the housing, and a portion of the triangular prism is located within the housing. The triangular prism is an isosceles right-angled triangular prism. The right-angled sides of the triangular prisms of the four S-band transmitting antenna body units are adjacent, that is, of the three edges of the triangular prism, the right-angled edge is closest to the centerline of the S-band transmitting antenna body. The downward projection of the bent plate forms a square, with one corner of the square corresponding to the right angle of the isosceles right-angled triangular prism. The bent plate can be formed by bending a flat plate at a 90° angle, with eight bends. The bending line forms a 45° angle with the side of the square projected downwardly from the bent plate, forming a groove-shaped bent plate with the upper surface parallel to the lower surface. A dielectric plate is provided on the upper side of the bent plate. A portion of the lower side of the bending plate is a triangular prism, and another portion of the lower side is also provided with a dielectric plate, which is bonded to the bending plate. The dielectric plate on the lower side of the bending plate is used to absorb electromagnetic waves reflected from the bottom surface.

[0022] The S-band transmitting antenna feeder is located between the S-band transmitting antenna body units, does not contact the S-band transmitting antenna body units, and matches the S-band transmitting antenna body units. The S-band transmitting antenna feeder is made of metal and is Γ-shaped. It includes high and low Γ-shaped feeders placed orthogonally. The high and low Γ-shaped feeders are both integral structures with similar structures. They are divided into vertical columns, horizontal columns, and end vertical columns. The vertical columns, the horizontal columns, and the end vertical columns are connected in sequence. The vertical columns are fixed to the bottom surface of the S-band transmitting antenna reflective back cavity. The vertical columns of the high and low Γ-shaped feeders have different heights, and the horizontal columns of the high and low Γ-shaped feeders are perpendicular to each other and do not contact. The vertical column is connected to the SMA connector on the lower side of the bottom of the S-band transmitting antenna reflective back cavity for signal transmission.

[0023] The above-mentioned antenna array for simultaneous transmission and reception of an aircraft, wherein the X-band transmitting antenna is composed of an X-band transmitting antenna body, an X-band transmitting antenna feeder, and an X-band transmitting antenna reflective back cavity.

[0024] The X-band transmit antenna reflective back cavity is a box-shaped structure similar to the S-band transmit antenna reflective back cavity, differing in size. The X-band transmit antenna reflective back cavity box is 8-10 mm tall, and the bottom is a square plate with a side length of 18-22 mm.

[0025] The X-band transmitting antenna body and the X-band transmitting antenna feeder are both located at the center of the upper side of the bottom surface of the X-band transmitting antenna reflective back cavity and are fixedly connected to the bottom surface. The centerline of the X-band transmitting antenna body coincides with the centerline of the bottom surface of the X-band transmitting antenna reflective back cavity.

[0026] The X-band transmitting antenna body consists of four symmetrically placed X-band transmitting antenna body units. The X-band transmitting antenna body unit is a monolithic metal structure, consisting of metal plates and rectangular columns connected from top to bottom. The metal plates are square plates with sides of 4 to 7 mm and a thickness of 0.4 to 0.6 mm. The rectangular columns are rectangular parallelepipeds with a square cross-section, with sides of 3.0 to 3.4 mm and a height of 10 to 13 mm.

[0027] The X-band transmit antenna feeder is similar in structure to the S-band transmit antenna feeder, differing only in size. The X-band transmit antenna feeder is placed between the four X-band transmit antenna main units and does not contact them. It mates with the X-band transmit antenna main units and connects to the SMA connector on the bottom of the X-band transmit antenna reflective back cavity for signal transmission.

[0028] The above-mentioned antenna array for simultaneous transmission and reception of an aircraft, wherein the S-band receiving antenna is composed of an S-band receiving antenna body, an S-band receiving antenna feeder, and a metal floor.

[0029] The S-band receiving antenna body and the S-band receiving antenna feeder are located at the center of the upper side of the metal floor and are fixedly connected to the metal floor. The center line of the S-band receiving antenna body coincides with the center line of the metal floor.

[0030] The metal floor is fixedly connected to the step of the shell.

[0031] The S-band receiving antenna body is composed of four symmetrically placed S-band receiving antenna body units. The S-band receiving antenna body unit is an integral structure made of metal material and is composed of trimmed metal plates and vertical orthogonal plates connected from top to bottom.

[0032] The S-band receiving antenna feeder has a similar structure to the S-band transmitting antenna feeder, differing only in size. The S-band receiving antenna feeder is placed between the four S-band receiving antenna main units and does not contact them. It mates with the S-band receiving antenna main units and connects to the SMA connector on the underside of the metal floor for signal transmission.

[0033] The aforementioned antenna array for simultaneous transmission and reception of aircraft, comprising an X-band receiving antenna having the same structure as the X-band transmitting antenna, is fixedly connected to the platform of the housing. Three X-band receiving antennas are positioned at the bottom of the housing, spaced apart from the feed lines of the three S-band receiving antennas.

[0034] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0035] An antenna array for simultaneous transmission and reception of aircraft adopts a combination of multiple antennas operating in the S and X bands. By simultaneously setting magnetoelectric dipole antennas operating in the S and X bands in the transceiver array, the antenna array achieves wide-band operation.

[0036] An antenna array for simultaneous transmission and reception for aircraft solves the technical problem of high isolation of antenna transmission and reception arrays by placing separate transmitting and receiving antenna arrays on the upper and lower surfaces of a cylinder. The transmitting array is placed on the top and sides of the pentagon, and the receiving array is placed in the bottom circular area.

[0037] An antenna array for simultaneous transmission and reception for aircraft uses technology to miniaturize antenna units, including bending antenna radiating plates, partially cutting off radiating plates, loading dielectric plates, etc., to reduce the volume of antenna units and thus realize a miniaturized simultaneous transmission and reception array. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0039] FIG1( a ) is a perspective view of an antenna array according to the present invention;

[0040] FIG1( b ) is a top view of the antenna array of the present invention;

[0041] FIG1( c ) is a front view of the antenna array of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 (a) Stereoscopic view of the S-band transmitting antenna;

[0043] Figure 2(b) is a top view of the S-band transmitting antenna;

[0044] Figure 2(c) is a front view of the S-band transmitting antenna;

[0045] Figure 2(d) is a stereoscopic view of the S-band transmitting antenna body;

[0046] Figure 2(e) is a bottom view of the S-band transmitting antenna body;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the S-band transmitting antenna feed line and SMA connector;

[0048] Figure 4 This is a stereogram of the X-band transmitting antenna;

[0049] Figure 5(a) is a stereoscopic diagram of an S-band receiving antenna;

[0050] Figure 5(b) is a top view of the S-band receiving antenna.

[0051] In the figure: 1. Transmitting antenna array; 2. Receiving antenna array; 3. Shell; 4. S-band transmitting antenna; 5. X-band transmitting antenna; 6. S-band receiving antenna; 7. X-band receiving antenna; 8. S-band transmitting antenna body; 9. S-band transmitting antenna feed line; 10. S-band transmitting antenna reflective back cavity; 11. Triangular prism; 12. Bent plate; 13. Vertical column; 14. Horizontal column; 15. End vertical column; 16. SMA connector; 17. Dielectric plate; 18. X-band transmitting antenna body; 19. X-band transmitting antenna feed line; 20. X-band transmitting antenna reflective back cavity; 21. Rectangular column; 22. Metal plate; 23. S-band receiving antenna body; 24. S-band receiving antenna feed line; 25. Metal floor; 26. Trimmed metal plate; 27. Vertical orthogonal plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] Example 1

[0053] An antenna array for transmitting and receiving simultaneously for an aircraft comprises three parts: a transmitting antenna array 1, a receiving antenna array 2 and a housing 3, as shown in FIG1 .

[0054] The transmitting antenna array 1 includes an S-band transmitting antenna 4 and an X-band transmitting antenna 5 .

[0055] The receiving antenna array 2 includes an S-band receiving antenna 6 and an X-band receiving antenna 7 .

[0056] The S-band transmitting antenna 4 includes three parts: an S-band transmitting antenna body 8 , an S-band transmitting antenna feed line 9 , and an S-band transmitting antenna reflective back cavity 10 .

[0057] The X-band transmitting antenna 5 includes three parts: an X-band transmitting antenna body 18 , an X-band transmitting antenna feed line 19 , and an X-band transmitting antenna reflective back cavity 20 .

[0058] The S-band receiving antenna 6 includes three parts: an S-band receiving antenna body 23 , an S-band receiving antenna feed line 24 , and a metal floor 25 .

[0059] The X-band receiving antenna 7 is completely identical to the X-band transmitting antenna 5 .

[0060] The S-band transmitting antenna body 8 includes three parts: a triangular prism 11 , a bent plate 12 , and a dielectric plate 17 .

[0061] The X-band transmitting antenna body 18 comprises a rectangular column 21 and a metal plate 22 .

[0062] The S-band receiving antenna body 23 includes two parts: a trimmed metal plate 26 and a vertical orthogonal plate 27 .

[0063] The S-band transmitting antenna feed line 9 comprises three parts 15: a vertical column 13, a horizontal column 14 and an end vertical column.

[0064] As shown in FIG1 , the overall size is 137 mm×137 mm×295.5 mm, wherein the transmitting antenna array 1 is placed above the housing 3 , and the receiving antenna array 2 is placed below the housing 3 .

[0065] The shell 3 is symmetrical and hollow, and is an integral structure, which can be divided into an upper part, a middle part, and a lower part, which are connected in sequence.

[0066] Five S-band transmitting antennas 4 are respectively placed on the five sides of the upper pentagon of the housing 3. One X-band transmitting antenna 5 is placed on the top of the upper pentagon of the housing 3.

[0067] Three S-band receiving antennas 6 and three X-band receiving antennas 7 are staggered and placed at the center of the step inside the receiving antenna frame at the bottom of the shell 3. The step is located on the upper side of the lower bottom surface and is fixedly connected to the lower bottom surface. The step faces outward, and the angle between the step surface and the lower bottom surface is 70°.

[0068] For each S-band transmitting antenna 4, four units, each consisting of a dielectric plate 17, a bent plate 12, and a triangular prism 11, are arranged in a "T-shaped" pattern from top to bottom, forming the S-band transmitting antenna body 8, which is placed at the center of the S-band transmitting antenna reflective back cavity 10. The S-band transmitting antenna feed line 9 is placed in the gaps between the four units of the S-band transmitting antenna body 8 and does not contact the S-band transmitting antenna body 8.

[0069] Each X-band transmitting antenna 5 comprises four elements, each composed of a metal plate 22 and a rectangular column 21, arranged in a "T-shaped" pattern from top to bottom. These elements form the X-band transmitting antenna body 18, which is positioned at the center of the X-band transmitting antenna reflective back cavity 20. The X-band transmitting antenna feeder 19 is placed in the gaps between the four elements of the X-band transmitting antenna body 18 and does not contact the body.

[0070] Each S-band receiving antenna 6 comprises four elements, each consisting of a square metal plate 26 and a vertical orthogonal plate 27, arranged in a crisscross pattern from top to bottom. These elements form the S-band receiving antenna body 23, which is placed at the center of the metal floor 25. The S-band receiving antenna feeder 24 is placed in the gaps between the four elements of the S-band receiving antenna body 23 and does not contact the feeder.

[0071] The upper portion of the housing 3 is a pentagonal pyramid. The upper portion is hollow and has no lower base. The pyramid is a regular pyramid, with both the upper and lower bases being regular pentagons. The vertex of the regular pentagon on the lower base is located on the circumference of the top surface of the hollow cylinder in the center. This housing houses the transmitting antenna array 1. The interior of the pentagonal pyramid is hollow, allowing for the placement of components such as the feed circuit. The base diameter of the pentagonal pyramid is d1, and the height is h1 = 25-35 mm. The side angle of the pentagonal pyramid is 36°, and the side length of the top pentagonal plane is 20.5 mm.

[0072] The middle portion of the housing 3 is cylindrical and is used to house electronic devices such as a small dedicated computer, while also improving the isolation between transmitter and receiver. The diameter of the housing 3 is d1, d1 = 130-140 mm, and the height is h2, h2 = 190-210 mm.

[0073] The lower portion of the housing 3 can be divided into a lower top surface, a central hollow regular hexagonal prism, ribs, and a lower bottom surface. The lower top surface connects to the middle portion and has a diameter equal to the circumference of the cross-sectional area of ​​the middle outer surface. The lower bottom surface is a circular plate with a diameter equal to the circumference of the cross-sectional area of ​​the middle outer surface. The central hollow regular hexagonal prism has a regular hexagonal cross-section. Ribs are provided on the outside of the hollow hexagonal prism. The ribs connect to the lower top surface, the side edges of the central hollow hexagonal prism, and the lower bottom surface. The extension of the center plane of the ribs passes through the centerline of the housing 3. The area enclosed by the lower top surface, the central hollow regular hexagonal prism, the ribs, and the lower bottom surface of the lower portion of the housing 3 constitutes the receiving antenna frame. Within the receiving antenna frame, a step is provided. The step is located on the upper side of the lower bottom surface and is fixedly connected to it. The step faces outward, and the angle between the step and the lower bottom surface is 70°. The receiving antenna array 2 is located in the center of the step and is fixedly connected to it.

[0074] The shell 3 is made of metal, such as aluminum alloy, carbon steel, or stainless steel.

[0075] Table 1 Related parameters

[0076] Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 d1 130mm 137mm 140mm h1 25mm 30mm 35mm h2 190mm 200mm 210mm Shell 3 material aluminum alloy carbon steel Stainless steel

[0077] Each S-band transmitting antenna 4 comprises four units, each consisting of a dielectric plate 17, a bent plate 12, and a triangular prism 11, arranged from top to bottom, forming the S-band transmitting antenna body 8, which is placed on the S-band transmitting antenna reflective back cavity 10. The S-band transmitting antenna feeder 9 is placed in the gaps between the four units of the S-band transmitting antenna body 8 and does not contact the S-band transmitting antenna body 8. The S-band transmitting antenna 4 has an overall side length d2 of 32 to 36 mm and a height h3 of 25 to 29 mm.

[0078] Dielectric plate 17 has a side length d3 of 12 to 16 mm and a thickness h4 of 0.2 to 0.6 mm. It is made of a fluoropolymer material, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene resin, or perfluoroalkoxy resin. Dielectric plate 17 is bonded to the upper portion of bent plate 12 to reduce the size of the antenna.

[0079] Bent plate 12, with a side length d3 identical to the dielectric plate, is formed by bending a metal plate or cutting from a single piece of metal. Its thickness is h5, where h5 = 0.8 mm. Bent plate 12 undergoes eight diagonal bends, with the bend lines forming 45° angles with the sides of the square projected downward from the bent plate 12, forming a fluted bent plate. Specifically, the first bend is upward, 12.2 mm from the inner side of the metal plate, to a point perpendicular to the horizontal plane, increasing the height by 4.2 mm. The second bend places the plate parallel to the horizontal plane at the diagonal line. The third bend is downward, to a point perpendicular to the horizontal plane, decreasing the height by 4.2 mm. The fourth bend places the plate parallel to the horizontal plane, maintaining a 5 mm diagonal angle. The fifth bend is upward, to a point perpendicular to the horizontal plane, increasing the height by 4.2 mm. The sixth bend places the plate parallel to the horizontal plane, maintaining a 9 mm diagonal angle. The seventh bend is downward, to a point perpendicular to the horizontal plane, decreasing the height by 4.2 mm. The eighth bend aligns the plate with the horizontal plane, extending it to the edge. By bending the metal plate, the antenna can be miniaturized.

[0080] The material of the bending plate 12 is aluminum alloy, carbon steel, or stainless steel.

[0081] The bent plate 12 is connected to the lower triangular prism 11, and the remaining space below is bonded with a dielectric plate 17, which is used to absorb electromagnetic waves reflected from the bottom surface and optimize matching.

[0082] The triangular prism 11 is an isosceles right-angled triangular prism used for antenna radiation and supporting the bent plate 12. The base radius of the triangular prism 11 is d4, d4 = 6-8 mm, and the height is h5, h5 = 20-22 mm. The material is aluminum alloy, carbon steel, or stainless steel.

[0083] The S-band transmit antenna feeder 9 is located between the S-band transmit antenna main unit, without contacting the unit and matching the unit. The S-band transmit antenna feeder 9 is made of metal and is in a Γ shape. It consists of two orthogonally arranged high and low Γ-shaped feeders. Both are monolithic and structurally similar, consisting of vertical posts 13, horizontal posts 14, and terminal vertical posts 15. These three components are connected in sequence, with the vertical posts 13 secured to the bottom surface of the S-band transmit antenna reflective back cavity 10. The three metal posts have the same width of 2.2 mm and thickness of 0.5 mm, with lengths of 19 mm, 15 mm, and 15 mm, respectively. The vertical posts 13 of the high and low Γ-shaped feeders are of different heights, and the horizontal posts 14 of the high and low Γ-shaped feeders are perpendicular to each other and do not touch. The vertical posts 13 connect to the SMA connector 16 on the bottom side of the S-band transmit antenna reflective back cavity 10 for signal transmission.

[0084] The S-band transmitting antenna reflective back cavity 10 is used to increase antenna gain and improve isolation between antenna elements. It consists of four 2mm thick metal plates and a metal floor of the same thickness. Its side length is d2, and its height is h6, where h6 = 14-16mm. It is made of metal.

[0085] Table 2 Related parameters

[0086] Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 d2 34mm 32mm 36mm h3 27mm 25mm 29mm h4 0.4mm 0.2mm 0.6mm d3 14mm 12mm 16mm d4 7mm 6mm 8mm h5 21mm 20mm 22mm h6 15mm 14mm 16mm Metal materials aluminum alloy carbon steel Stainless steel Dielectric plate 17 material polytetrafluoroethylene Fluorinated ethylene propylene resin Perfluoroalkoxy resin

[0087] Each X-band transmitting antenna 5 comprises four units, each consisting of a metal plate 22 and a rectangular column 21, arranged from top to bottom, forming the X-band transmitting antenna body 18, which is placed on the X-band transmitting antenna reflective back cavity 20. The X-band transmitting antenna feeder 19 is placed in the gaps between the four units of the X-band transmitting antenna body 18 and does not contact the body 18.

[0088] The X-band transmitting antenna 5 has a side length of d5, d5 = 18 to 22 mm, and a height of h7, h7 = 14 to 17 mm.

[0089] The metal plate 22 is a square plate with a radiating structure, a side length of d6, d6 = 4 to 7 mm, a thickness of h8, h8 = 0.4 to 0.6 mm, and is made of metal.

[0090] The inner side of the lower side of the metal plate 22 is connected to the rectangular parallelepiped column 21, with a side length of d7 (d7=3.0-3.4mm) and a height of h9 (h9=10-13mm). The material is metal.

[0091] The X-band transmit antenna feeder 19 is similar in structure to the S-band transmit antenna feeder 9, differing only in size. The vertical column 13, horizontal crossbar 14, and terminal vertical column 15 of the X-band transmit antenna feeder 19 have the same width of 1.5 mm and thickness of 0.5 mm, with lengths of 10.2 mm, 7.5 mm, and 4.5 mm, respectively. The X-band transmit antenna feeder 19 is placed between the four X-band transmit antenna main units and does not contact them. It mates with the X-band transmit antenna main units and connects to the SMA connector 16 on the bottom underside of the X-band transmit antenna reflective back cavity 20 for signal transmission.

[0092] The reflective back cavity 20 of the X-band transmitting antenna improves antenna gain and isolation between antenna elements. It consists of four 1mm thick metal plates and a metal floor of the same thickness. Its side length is d5, and its height is h10, where h10 is 8-10mm. It is made of metal.

[0093] Table 3 Related parameters

[0094] Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 d5 20mm 18mm 22mm h7 15.5mm 14mm 17mm h8 0.5mm 0.4mm 0.6mm d6 5.5mm 4mm 7mm d7 3.2mm 3mm 3.4mm h9 11.5mm 10mm 13mm h10 9mm 8mm 10mm Metal materials aluminum alloy carbon steel Stainless steel

[0095] Each S-band receiving antenna 6 comprises an S-band receiving antenna body 23, which is composed of four units, each consisting of a trimmed metal plate 26 and a vertical orthogonal plate 27, arranged from top to bottom. The S-band receiving antenna feeder 24 is placed in the gaps between the four units of the S-band receiving antenna body 23 and does not contact the S-band receiving antenna feeder 24. Furthermore, the antenna body 23 and S-band receiving antenna feeder 24 are horizontally rotated 45° and fixed to the metal floor 25, so that the diagonal lines of the trimmed metal plates 26 are parallel to the edges of the metal floor 25.

[0096] Each S-band receiving antenna 6 has an overall side length of d8, d8=40-44 mm, and a height of h11, h11=14-18 mm.

[0097] The trimmed metal plate 26 is a rectangular metal plate with a rectangular block cut out of each side. The trimmed metal plate 26 has a side length of d9 (12-15 mm) and a thickness of h12 (0.5-1.5 mm). The cutout block is 7 mm long and 1 mm wide, starting at the point of contact with the perpendicular plate 27.

[0098] The trimmed metal plate 26 is connected to a vertical orthogonal plate 27 on the inner side. The plate is formed by crossing two identical rectangular parallelepipeds on the inner side. The side length is d10, d10 = 4-5 mm, and the height is h13, h13 = 14-16 mm. The material is metal.

[0099] The S-band receiving antenna feeder has a similar structure to the S-band transmitting antenna feeder, differing only in size. The vertical column 13, horizontal column 14, and terminal vertical column 15 in the S-band receiving antenna feeder have the same width of 3mm and thickness of 0.5mm, with lengths of 15mm, 13mm, and 3mm, respectively. The S-band receiving antenna feeder is placed between the four S-band receiving antenna main units and does not contact them. The S-band receiving antenna feeder matches the S-band receiving antenna main units and connects to the SMA connector on the underside of the metal floor for signal transmission.

[0100] The metal floor 25 is a square metal floor with a thickness of 1 mm and is used to improve antenna gain. The side length is d8.

[0101] Table 4 Related parameters

[0102] Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 d8 42mm 40mm 44mm h11 16mm 14mm 18mm h12 1mm 0.5mm 1.5mm d9 13.5mm 12mm 15mm d10 4.5mm 4mm 5mm h13 15mm 14mm 16mm Metal materials aluminum alloy carbon steel Stainless steel .

Claims

1. An antenna array for transmitting and receiving simultaneously for an aircraft, characterized in that: It mainly consists of a transmitting antenna array (1), a receiving antenna array (2), and a housing (3); The transmitting antenna array (1) is located on the upper side of the housing (3), and the receiving antenna array (2) is located on the lower part of the housing (3); The shell (3) is symmetrical and hollow, and is an integral structure, which can be divided into an upper part, a middle part, and a lower part, wherein the upper part, the middle part, and the lower part are connected in sequence; The upper part is in the shape of a pentagonal pyramid, which is hollow and has no lower base. The pentagonal pyramid is a regular pyramid, and both the upper and lower bases are regular pentagons. The vertex angle of the regular pentagon of the lower base is located on the circumference of the top surface of the hollow cylinder in the middle. The side surface of the pentagonal pyramid is connected to the top surface in the middle. The transmitting antenna array (1) is placed on the side surface and upper bottom surface of the pentagonal pyramid, and the transmitting antenna array (1) is fixedly connected to the side surface and upper bottom surface of the pentagonal pyramid. The angle between the side surface and the bottom surface of the pentagonal pyramid is 36°, and the height is 25-35 mm. The middle part is a hollow cylinder; the outer diameter of the hollow cylinder is 130-140 mm and the height is 190-210 mm; the lower part of the shell (3) can be divided into a lower top surface, a central hollow regular hexagonal prism, a rib plate, and a lower bottom surface; the lower top surface is connected to the middle part, and its diameter is equal to the circumference diameter of the cross section of the middle outer surface; the lower bottom surface is a circular plate, and its diameter is equal to the circumference diameter of the cross section of the middle outer surface; the central hollow regular hexagonal prism has a regular hexagonal cross section, and a rib plate is arranged on the outside of the hollow hexagonal prism, and the rib plate is connected to the lower The top surface of the lower part, the side edges of the central hollow hexagonal prism, and the lower bottom surface are connected, and the extension of the central surface of the rib plate passes through the center line of the shell (3); the area surrounded by the lower top surface of the lower part of the shell (3), the central hollow regular hexagonal prism, the rib plate, and the lower bottom surface is the receiving antenna frame; a step is provided in the receiving antenna frame, the step is located on the upper side of the lower bottom surface, is fixedly connected to the lower bottom surface, faces outward, and the angle between the step surface and the lower bottom surface is 70 degrees; the receiving antenna array (2) is located in the center of the step surface and is fixedly connected to the step; The material of the housing (3) is aluminum alloy; The transmitting antenna array (1) is composed of five S-band transmitting antennas (4) and one X-band transmitting antenna (5); the S-band transmitting antenna (4) is located on the upper side of the side of the pentagonal pyramid, and the X-band transmitting antenna (5) is located on the upper side of the bottom surface of the pentagonal pyramid; The receiving antenna array (2) is composed of three S-band receiving antennas (6) and three X-band receiving antennas (7); the S-band receiving antennas (6) and the X-band receiving antennas (7) are placed adjacent to each other in the receiving antenna frame, that is, the two adjacent S-band receiving antennas (6) are the X-band receiving antennas (7), and the two adjacent X-band receiving antennas (7) are the S-band receiving antennas (6).

2. The antenna array for transmitting and receiving simultaneously for an aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S-band transmitting antenna (4) is composed of an S-band transmitting antenna body (8), an S-band transmitting antenna feed line (9), and an S-band transmitting antenna reflective back cavity (10); The S-band transmitting antenna reflection back cavity (10) is a box body, the height of the S-band transmitting antenna reflection back cavity (10) box body is 25-29 mm, the bottom surface of the S-band transmitting antenna reflection back cavity (10) box body is a square plate, the side length of the square plate is 32-36 mm, and the side surface is a rectangular plate; The S-band transmitting antenna body (8) and the S-band transmitting antenna feeder (9) are both located at the center of the upper side of the bottom surface of the box and are fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the box; the center line of the S-band transmitting antenna body (8) coincides with the center line of the bottom surface of the box; The S-band transmitting antenna body (8) is composed of four symmetrically placed S-band transmitting antenna body units and a dielectric plate (17). The dielectric plate (17) is made of a fluoropolymer material with a thickness of 0.2 to 0.6 mm and is bonded to the S-band transmitting antenna body unit. The S-band transmitting antenna body unit is an integral structure, made of metal material, and can be divided into a triangular prism (11) and a bent plate (12); the bent plate (12) is located on the upper side of the triangular prism (11), the triangular prism (11) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the box, and a part of the triangular prism (11) is located in the box; the triangular prism (11) is an isosceles right-angled triangular prism, and the right-angled sides of the triangular prisms (11) of the four S-band transmitting antenna body units are adjacent, that is, among the three edges of the triangular prism, the right-angled edge is the closest to the center line of the S-band transmitting antenna body; the downward projection of the bent plate (12) is a square, One corner of the square corresponds to the right angle of the isosceles right-angled triangular prism; the bending plate (12) can be formed by bending a flat plate at a 90° angle, with eight bends, and the bending line and the side of the square projected downward by the bending plate (12) form a 45° angle, and the bending forms a groove-shaped bending plate, with the upper surface and the lower surface being parallel; a dielectric plate (17) is provided on the upper side of the bending plate (12); a portion of the lower side of the bending plate (12) is a triangular prism (11), and another portion of the lower side is also provided with a dielectric plate (17), and the dielectric plate (17) is bonded to the bending plate (12); the dielectric plate (17) on the lower side of the bending plate (12) is used to absorb electromagnetic waves reflected from the bottom surface; The S-band transmitting antenna feeder (9) is located between the S-band transmitting antenna body units, does not contact the S-band transmitting antenna body units, and matches the S-band transmitting antenna body units; the S-band transmitting antenna feeder (9) is made of metal material, is Γ-shaped, and includes high and low Γ-shaped feeders placed orthogonally, the high and low Γ-shaped feeders are both integral structures with similar structures, and are divided into vertical columns (13), horizontal columns (14), and end vertical columns (15); the vertical columns (13), the horizontal columns (14), and the end vertical columns (15) are connected in sequence, and the vertical columns (13) are fixed on the bottom surface of the S-band transmitting antenna reflective back cavity (10); the vertical columns (13) of the high and low Γ-shaped feeders have different heights, and the horizontal columns (14) of the high and low Γ-shaped feeders are perpendicular to each other and do not contact; the vertical columns (13) are connected to the SMA connector (16) on the lower side of the bottom of the S-band transmitting antenna reflective back cavity (10) for signal transmission.

3. The antenna array for transmitting and receiving simultaneously for an aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The X-band transmitting antenna (5) is composed of an X-band transmitting antenna body (18), an X-band transmitting antenna feed line (19), and an X-band transmitting antenna reflective back cavity (20); The X-band transmitting antenna reflection back cavity (20) is a box body, and its structure is similar to that of the S-band transmitting antenna reflection back cavity (10), except that its structure and size are different; the height of the X-band transmitting antenna reflection back cavity (20) is 8 to 10 mm, and the bottom surface of the box body is a square plate, and the side length of the square plate is 18 to 22 mm; The X-band transmitting antenna body (18) and the X-band transmitting antenna feed line (19) are both located at the center of the upper side of the bottom surface of the X-band transmitting antenna reflective back cavity (20) and are fixedly connected to the bottom surface; the center line of the X-band transmitting antenna body (18) coincides with the center line of the bottom surface of the X-band transmitting antenna reflective back cavity (20); The X-band transmitting antenna body (18) is composed of four symmetrically placed X-band transmitting antenna body units; the X-band transmitting antenna body unit is an integral structure, made of metal material, and is composed of a metal plate (22) and a rectangular parallelepiped column (21) connected from top to bottom; the metal plate (22) is a square plate with a side length of 4 to 7 mm and a thickness of 0.4 to 0.6 mm; the rectangular parallelepiped column (21) is a rectangular parallelepiped with a square cross-section, a square side length of 3.0 to 3.4 mm, and a height of 10 to 13 mm; The X-band transmitting antenna feeder (19) is similar in structure to the S-band transmitting antenna feeder (9), with only the structural size being different. The X-band transmitting antenna feeder (19) is placed between four X-band transmitting antenna body units and does not contact the X-band transmitting antenna body units. The X-band transmitting antenna feeder (19) matches the X-band transmitting antenna body units and is connected to an SMA connector (16) on the bottom side of the X-band transmitting antenna reflective back cavity (20) for signal transmission.

4. The antenna array for transmitting and receiving simultaneously for an aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S-band receiving antenna (6) is composed of an S-band receiving antenna body (23), an S-band receiving antenna feeder (24), and a metal floor (25); The S-band receiving antenna body (23) and the S-band receiving antenna feeder (24) are located at the center of the upper side of the metal floor (25) and are fixedly connected to the metal floor (25); the center line of the S-band receiving antenna body (23) coincides with the center line of the metal floor (25); The metal floor (25) is fixedly connected to the step of the housing (3); The S-band receiving antenna body (23) is composed of four symmetrically placed S-band receiving antenna body units, and the S-band receiving antenna body unit is an integral structure made of metal material, and is composed of a trimmed metal plate (26) and a vertical orthogonal plate (27) connected from top to bottom; The S-band receiving antenna feeder (24) is similar in structure to the S-band transmitting antenna feeder (9), with only different sizes. The S-band receiving antenna feeder (24) is placed between four S-band receiving antenna body units and does not contact the S-band receiving antenna body units. The S-band receiving antenna feeder (24) matches the S-band receiving antenna body units and is connected to the SMA connector (16) on the lower side of the metal floor (25) for signal transmission.

5. The antenna array for transmitting and receiving simultaneously for an aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The X-band receiving antenna (7) has the same structure as the X-band transmitting antenna (5), and the X-band receiving antenna (7) is fixedly connected to the ladder of the shell (3); there are three X-band receiving antennas (7) in total, which are placed at intervals with three S-band receiving antenna feeders (24) at the bottom of the shell (3).

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