A vertical all-weather passive thermoelectric power generation device and method based on double-sided reflection structure

Abstract

A vertical all-weather passive thermoelectric power generation device and method based on double-sided reflection structure belong to the technical field of thermoelectric power generation. The present application solves the problems of the existing technology, such as the limited receiving capacity of the hot end of the thermoelectric device to sunlight, large device area, low space utilization, and not conducive to large-scale expansion application. The high-reflection solar panel and the high-reflection infrared panel are arranged on the left and right sides of the thermoelectric power generation panel, and the high-reflection solar panel and the high-reflection infrared panel form a 'V' type reflection system or a 'parabolic cylinder' type reflection system. The present application utilizes the double-sided reflection structure to realize that the cold end and the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation device face the sky, which can improve the receiving capacity of the hot end to sunlight, and can ensure that the cold end faces the sky and the deep cold space for radiation refrigeration, thereby realizing all-weather passive power generation using solar heat energy and deep space cold source at the same time. Moreover, the present application effectively reduces the device area, improves the space utilization, and is convenient for large-scale expansion application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an all-weather passive thermoelectric power generation device and method, and more specifically to a vertical all-weather passive thermoelectric power generation device and method based on a double-sided reflection structure, belonging to the field of thermoelectric power generation technology. Background Technology

[0002] Thermoelectric power generation is a novel, noiseless, and pollution-free energy conversion technology. Its principle utilizes the Seebeck effect, also known as the first thermoelectric effect, which refers to the thermoelectric phenomenon caused by the potential difference between two different conductors or semiconductors due to their temperature difference. Macroscopically, this manifests as the direct conversion of heat energy into electrical energy. Developing thermoelectric power generation technology is of great significance in reducing the environmental problems caused by traditional power generation technologies. However, current thermoelectric power generation technology still has some shortcomings: On the one hand, most existing thermoelectric power generation technologies require external cold or heat sources, necessitating active inputs at both the cold and hot ends of the device, significantly increasing maintenance costs and limiting its application range; on the other hand, recently, passive thermoelectric power generation devices using the sun as a heat source or deep space as a cold source have emerged. These devices solve the problem of external cold and heat sources, but can only generate electricity during the day or night, not continuously throughout the day.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, patent CN110138277A discloses a thermoelectric power generation device based on radiative cooling and solar energy absorption. In this device, a semiconductor thermoelectric device serves as the main body, parallel to the ground. A radiative cooling film and a carbon nanoparticle film are located on the upper and lower sides of the thermoelectric power generation device, respectively forming the cold and hot ends of the device. The radiative cooling film at the cold end faces the sky for radiative cooling, while the carbon nanoparticle film at the hot end absorbs solar energy reflected by a mirror placed below it. During the day, the structure's cold and hot ends respectively generate a temperature difference through radiative cooling and solar heat absorption; at night, the cold end of the structure generates a temperature difference by radiative cooling, making its temperature lower than the hot end, thus enabling 24-hour passive power generation. However, this type of flat structure still has some shortcomings and limitations: 1) The ability of the hot end to receive sunlight is relatively limited. Because the thermoelectric device is placed parallel to the ground in this structure, the hot end of the thermoelectric generator, parallel to the ground, can only receive a portion of the sunlight reflected by the mirror. On the one hand, the device has a limited angle range for receiving sunlight, meaning that when the thermoelectric device is placed parallel to the ground and has a large area, a portion of the area will not receive sunlight. On the other hand, the device cannot directly receive the energy from sunlight; receiving reflected sunlight results in energy loss, preventing the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation device from utilizing solar energy more efficiently, leading to a smaller temperature difference between the hot and cold ends and affecting power generation. 2) Because the structure is placed parallel to the ground, the floor area is directly proportional to the area of ​​the hot and cold ends of the thermoelectric device. When it is necessary to expand the power generation scale, more thermoelectric power generation modules must be laid flat in the direction parallel to the ground, resulting in a relatively large floor area, low space utilization, and hindering the large-scale expansion of this type of thermoelectric power generation device.

[0004] Therefore, exploring a passive thermoelectric power generation device that can further improve the solar energy reception capability of the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation device, thereby increasing the total power generation capacity of the device, while also having high space utilization, small footprint, and easy large-scale expansion application is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above facts, the purpose of this invention is to solve the problems of limited sunlight reception capacity of the hot end of the thermoelectric device, large footprint, low space utilization, and unfavorable large-scale application in the prior art. Therefore, this invention provides a vertical all-weather passive thermoelectric power generation device and method based on a double-sided reflection structure. This invention utilizes a double-sided reflection structure to ensure that both the cold and hot ends of the thermoelectric power generation device face the sky. This improves the sunlight reception capacity of the hot end and ensures that the cold end faces the sky and deep space for radiative cooling. This achieves all-weather passive power generation by simultaneously utilizing solar thermal energy and deep space cold sources. Furthermore, the vertical structure of the thermoelectric device effectively reduces the device's footprint, improves space utilization, and facilitates large-scale application.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] Option 1: A vertical all-weather passive thermoelectric power generation device based on a double-sided reflection structure, comprising a solar high reflectivity plate, a thermoelectric power generation plate, an infrared high reflectivity plate, and a base; wherein, the solar high reflectivity plate and the infrared high reflectivity plate constitute a reflection system, and the reflection system is a "V"-shaped reflection system or a "parabolic cylindrical" reflection system;

[0008] The bottom end of the thermoelectric power generation plate is fixed to the base, and the thermoelectric power generation plate is perpendicular to the ground;

[0009] The solar high reflectivity plate and the infrared high reflectivity plate are arranged on the left and right sides of the thermoelectric power generation plate, respectively. The solar high reflectivity plate and the infrared high reflectivity plate are at a certain angle to the thermoelectric power generation plate, and the bottom ends of the solar high reflectivity plate and the infrared high reflectivity plate are respectively hinged to the base.

[0010] The thermoelectric power generation plate is a three-layer flat plate structure consisting of a thermoelectric element, a high solar absorption layer, and a radiation cooling layer; the thermoelectric element is located between the high solar absorption layer and the radiation cooling layer, with the high solar absorption layer located at the hot end of the thermoelectric element and the radiation cooling layer located at the cold end of the thermoelectric element.

[0011] The solar high reflectivity plate corresponds to the solar high absorption layer at the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation plate, together forming the hot end reflection structure of the thermoelectric device; the infrared high reflectivity plate corresponds to the radiation cooling layer at the cold end of the thermoelectric power generation plate, together forming the cold end reflection structure of the thermoelectric device.

[0012] Furthermore: Both the solar high reflectivity plate and the infrared high reflectivity plate are flat plate structures or parabolic cylindrical structures. When they are flat plate structures, they form a "V"-shaped reflection system. When they are parabolic cylindrical structures, they form a "parabolic cylindrical" type reflection system. The bottom ends of the solar high reflectivity plate and the infrared high reflectivity plate are respectively hinged to the base. The hinges are adjusted so that the solar high reflectivity plate is at a 45° angle to the vertical direction and the infrared high reflectivity plate is at a 45° angle to the vertical direction.

[0013] Furthermore, the high-absorption solar layer is a high-absorption coating formed by dispersing dark fillers or nanoparticles into the film-forming material, used for high absorption of sunlight in the range of 0.3μm-2.5μm.

[0014] Furthermore, the high-absorption solar layer is a black paint layer, a graphene coating, or a carbon nanotube coating.

[0015] Furthermore, the radiation cooling layer is a spectrally selective coating formed by mixing one or more functional particles, used for high reflectivity of sunlight in the 0.3μm-2.5μm range and high emission in the 8μm-13μm infrared band.

[0016] Furthermore, the radiation cooling layer is a spectrally selective coating containing one or more of the following particles: Cr2O3, Al2O3, BaSO4, SiO2, ZrO2, and TiO2.

[0017] Furthermore, the solar high reflectivity plate is a double-layer composite plate structure composed of a metal layer and a dielectric layer. The metal layer achieves high reflectivity for both 0.3μm-2.5μm sunlight and 8μm-13μm infrared radiation, while the dielectric layer achieves high transmission for 0.3μm-2.5μm sunlight and high absorption (emission) for 8-13μm infrared radiation. The dielectric layer is located above the metal layer. The incident sunlight first shines on the dielectric layer, is transmitted, and is reflected by the metal layer.

[0018] Furthermore, the material of the metal layer is Au, Ag, Al, or Cu.

[0019] Furthermore, the material of the dielectric layer is Na2SiO3 or SiO2.

[0020] Furthermore, the medium layer is an organic polymer coating.

[0021] Furthermore, the material of the dielectric layer is PMMA or PVP.

[0022] Furthermore, the infrared high reflectivity plate is a smooth metal plate that highly reflects both sunlight in the 0.3μm-2.5μm range and infrared radiation in the 8μm-13μm range. The metal plate is made of Au, Ag, Al, Cu, or W. The infrared high reflectivity plate can reflect the 8μm-13μm band infrared thermal radiation emitted by the radiative cooling layer from the cold end of the thermoelectric device into deep space for radiative cooling, thereby reducing the temperature of the cold end of the thermoelectric device.

[0023] Furthermore, the thickness of the metal layer is between 5 μm and 5 mm, and the thickness of the dielectric layer is between 50 μm and 10 mm.

[0024] Furthermore, the thickness of the infrared high reflectivity plate is between 100μm and 10mm.

[0025] Furthermore, the thickness of the solar high-absorption layer is between 5 μm and 5 mm.

[0026] Furthermore, the thickness of the radiation cooling layer is between 5 μm and 10 mm.

[0027] Option 2: A vertical all-weather passive thermoelectric power generation method based on a double-sided reflection structure, which is implemented based on the vertical all-weather passive thermoelectric power generation device based on a double-sided reflection structure described in Option 1. The specific method is as follows:

[0028] When the sun is shining during the day, on the hot end side of the thermoelectric power generation device, a solar high-reflectivity plate reflects sunlight of 0.3μm-2.5μm onto a solar high-absorption layer in a vertically placed thermoelectric panel. The solar high-absorption layer converts the sunlight into heat, heating the hot end of the thermoelectric element. On the cold end side of the thermoelectric power generation device, a radiative cooling layer in the thermoelectric panel transfers the heat from the cold end of the thermoelectric element to an infrared high-reflectivity plate via infrared thermal radiation. The infrared high-reflectivity plate then reflects infrared radiation of 8μm-13μm into deep space for radiative cooling, thus cooling the cold end of the thermoelectric element. This process raises the temperature of the hot end of the thermoelectric element and lowers the temperature of the cold end, creating a temperature difference that generates thermoelectric power.

[0029] At night or when there is no sun, the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation device faces the medium layer of the high-absorption solar panel in the reflection system, and does not directly face the deep cold space. Therefore, it does not radiate cooling into space. Even without the sun, the hot end of the thermoelectric plate will not cool down. The cold end of the thermoelectric power generation device continues to radiate cooling with the deep cold space, creating a temperature difference between the hot and cold ends of the thermoelectric device, thus realizing thermoelectric power generation.

[0030] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. Compared to existing flat-structure (thermoelectric plate parallel to the ground) thermoelectric power generation devices that can simultaneously utilize solar heat and space cold sources, the vertical structure of this invention (thermoelectric plate placed perpendicular to the ground) allows the hot end of the thermoelectric plate to be directly exposed to sunlight, significantly increasing the hot end temperature and thus achieving higher power generation during the day compared to the flat structure. The improvement is shown in the attached figure. Figure 6 The experimental results are shown.

[0032] 2. Compared with existing flat-structure thermoelectric power generation devices (where the thermoelectric plate is parallel to the ground), the vertical structure of this invention features a "V"-shaped double-sided reflective structure, and the angle between the two reflective structures and the thermoelectric device is adjustable. This allows for adjusting the reflection angle according to actual weather conditions, enabling the thermoelectric device to obtain the optimal receiving angle and further improving the device's power generation.

[0033] 3. Compared with existing flat-structure (thermoelectric plates parallel to the ground) thermoelectric power generation devices, the integrated vertical structure of this invention is simpler and more compact, with a smaller footprint. When it is necessary to scale up the application of this type of thermoelectric device and increase the total power generation, it can be expanded in two dimensions. It can extend parallel to the ground, allowing for more vertical thermoelectric devices to be placed in the same area as the flat structure; or it can extend vertically upwards, allowing for more thermoelectric plates to be placed in the vertical direction within the same footprint, further improving the space utilization of the device and facilitating large-scale application.

[0034] 4. The passive thermoelectric power generation device of the present invention, which can simultaneously utilize solar heat sources and deep space cold sources to achieve continuous power generation throughout the day, is a zero-carbon new energy power generation technology with great application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vertical all-weather passive thermoelectric power generation device based on a double-sided reflection structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the solar high reflectivity plate structure in a "V"-shaped reflection system;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a thermoelectric power generation panel structure;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a thermoelectric power generation device with a parabolic cylindrical reflector system.

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a high-reflectivity solar panel in a parabolic cylindrical reflective system.

[0040] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating the daytime and nighttime temperature difference power generation effect of this invention.

[0041] In the diagram, 1-high solar reflectivity plate; 2-thermoelectric power generation plate; 3-infrared high reflectivity plate; 4-base; 5-metal layer; 6-dielectric layer; 7-high solar absorption layer; 8-thermoelectric element; 9-radiative cooling layer. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0043] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate for the embodiments of this application described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0044] In this application, the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "middle," "outer," "front," and "rear," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are primarily for the purpose of better describing this application and its embodiments, and are not intended to limit the indicated device, element, or component to having a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0045] Furthermore, in addition to indicating location or positional relationship, some of the aforementioned terms may also have other meanings. For example, the term "above" may also be used in some cases to indicate a certain dependency or connection relationship. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0046] Furthermore, the terms "set up," "connect," and "fix" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be an internal connection between two devices, components, or parts. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0047] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0048] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0049] Example 1:

[0050] Reference Figures 1-3As shown, this embodiment provides a vertical all-weather passive thermoelectric power generation device based on a double-sided reflection structure, including a solar high reflectivity plate 1, a thermoelectric power generation plate 2, an infrared high reflectivity plate 3, and a base 4; wherein, the solar high reflectivity plate 1 and the infrared high reflectivity plate 3 constitute a reflection system, and both the solar high reflectivity plate 1 and the infrared high reflectivity plate 3 are flat plate structures, forming a "V"-shaped reflection system or a "parabolic cylindrical" reflection system; the bottom end of the thermoelectric power generation plate 2 is fixed to the base 4, and the thermoelectric power generation plate 2 is perpendicular to the ground; the solar high reflectivity plate 1 and the infrared high reflectivity plate 3 are arranged on the left and right sides of the thermoelectric power generation plate 2, and the solar high reflectivity plate 1 and the infrared high reflectivity plate 3 are connected to the thermoelectric power generation plate 2. At a certain angle, the bottom ends of the solar high reflectivity plate 1 and the infrared high reflectivity plate 3 are respectively connected to the base 4 via hinges. The hinges are adjusted so that the solar high reflectivity plate 1 and the infrared high reflectivity plate 3 are at 45° to the vertical direction. The thermoelectric power generation plate 2 is a three-layer flat structure composed of a thermoelectric element 8, a solar high absorption layer 7, and a radiation cooling layer 9. The thermoelectric element 8 is located between the solar high absorption layer 7 and the radiation cooling layer 9, with the solar high absorption layer 7 located at the hot end of the thermoelectric element 8 and the radiation cooling layer 9 located at the cold end of the thermoelectric element 8. The solar high reflectivity plate 1 and the solar high absorption layer 7 at the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation plate 2 correspond to each other, together forming the hot end reflection structure of the thermoelectric device (i.e.,...). The structure reflects sunlight through a high-absorption layer; the infrared high-reflectivity plate 3 corresponds to the radiation-cooling layer 9 at the cold end of the thermoelectric power generation plate 2, together forming the cold end reflection structure of the thermoelectric device (i.e., the structure that reflects infrared thermal radiation energy into space). The high-absorption layer 7 is a high-absorption coating formed by dispersing dark fillers into the film-forming material, used for high absorption of sunlight in the 0.3μm-2.5μm range; specifically, the high-absorption layer 7 is a black paint layer; the radiation-cooling layer 9 is a spectrally selective coating formed by mixing one or more functional particles, used for high reflection of sunlight in the 0.3μm-2.5μm range and high emission in the 8μm-13μm infrared band. The coating is a spectrally selective coating containing Cr2O3 particles. The high-reflectivity solar panel 1 is a double-layer composite structure consisting of a metal layer 5 and a dielectric layer 6. The metal layer 5 achieves high reflectivity for both 0.3μm-2.5μm sunlight and 8μm-13μm infrared radiation, while the dielectric layer 6 achieves high transmittance for 0.3μm-2.5μm sunlight and high absorption (emission) for 8-13μm infrared radiation. The dielectric layer 6 is located above the metal layer 5. Incident sunlight first irradiates the dielectric layer 6, is transmitted, and then reflected by the metal layer 5. The material of the metal layer 5 is Au, and the material of the dielectric layer 6 is Na2SiO3. The high-reflectivity infrared panel 3 uses a coating that is spectrally selective for 0.3μm-2.5μm sunlight.A smooth metal plate, made of Au, is highly reflective of both 5μm sunlight and 8μm-13μm infrared radiation. This infrared high-reflectivity plate reflects the 8μm-13μm infrared thermal radiation emitted from the radiative cooling layer at the cold end of the thermoelectric device into deep space for radiative cooling, thereby reducing the temperature of the cold end of the thermoelectric device. The metal layer 5 has a thickness of 5μm, the dielectric layer 6 has a thickness of 50μm, the infrared high-reflectivity plate 3 has a thickness of 100μm, the sunlight high-absorption layer 7 has a thickness of 5μm, and the radiative cooling layer 9 has a thickness of 5μm.

[0051] Example 2:

[0052] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, this embodiment provides a vertical all-weather passive thermoelectric power generation device based on a double-sided reflection structure, including a solar high reflectivity plate 1, a thermoelectric power generation plate 2, an infrared high reflectivity plate 3, and a base 4. The solar high reflectivity plate 1 and the infrared high reflectivity plate 3 constitute a reflection system, both being parabolic cylindrical structures, forming a "parabolic cylindrical" type reflection system. The bottom end of the thermoelectric power generation plate 2 is fixed to the base 4, and the thermoelectric power generation plate 2 is perpendicular to the ground. The solar high reflectivity plate 1 and the infrared high reflectivity plate 3 are arranged on the left and right sides of the thermoelectric power generation plate 2, forming a certain angle with the thermoelectric power generation plate 2. The bottom ends of the solar high reflectivity plate 1 and the infrared high reflectivity plate 3 are respectively connected to the base 4 via hinges. The hinges are adjusted so that the solar high reflectivity plate 1 and the infrared high reflectivity plate 3 are at a 45° angle to the vertical. The thermoelectric power generation plate 2 is a three-layer flat structure composed of a thermoelectric element 8, a solar high absorption layer 7, and a radiation cooling layer 9. The thermoelectric element 8 is located between the solar high absorption layer 7 and the radiation cooling layer 9, with the solar high absorption layer 7 located at the hot end of the thermoelectric element 8 and the radiation cooling layer 9 located at the cold end. The solar high reflectivity plate 1 and the solar high absorption layer 7 at the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation plate 2 correspond to each other, together forming the hot end reflection structure of the thermoelectric device (i.e., reflecting sunlight). The structure of the high-absorption layer reflecting sunlight; the infrared high-reflectivity plate 3 corresponds to the radiation-cooling layer 9 at the cold end of the thermoelectric power generation plate 2, together constituting the cold end reflection structure of the thermoelectric device (i.e., the structure that reflects infrared thermal radiation energy into space); the solar high-absorption layer 7 is a high-absorption coating formed by dispersing dark fillers into the film-forming material, used for high absorption of sunlight in the 0.3μm-2.5μm range; the solar high-absorption layer 7 is specifically a black paint layer; the radiation-cooling layer 9 is a spectrally selective coating formed by mixing one or more functional particles, used for high reflection of sunlight in the 0.3μm-2.5μm range and high emission in the 8μm-13μm infrared band, specifically containing... The coating contains Cr2O3 particles with a spectrally selective coating. The high-reflectivity solar panel 1 is a double-layer composite structure consisting of a metal layer 5 and a dielectric layer 6. The metal layer 5 achieves high reflectivity for both 0.3μm-2.5μm sunlight and 8μm-13μm infrared radiation, while the dielectric layer 6 achieves high transmittance for 0.3μm-2.5μm sunlight and high absorption (emission) for 8-13μm infrared radiation. The dielectric layer 6 is located above the metal layer 5. Incident sunlight first irradiates the dielectric layer 6, is transmitted, and then reflected by the metal layer 5. The material of the metal layer 5 is Au, and the material of the dielectric layer 6 is Na2SiO3. The infrared high-reflectivity panel 3 uses a coating with 0.3μm-2.5μm high reflectivity for both 0.3μm-2.5μm and 8μm-13μm infrared radiation.A smooth metal plate, made of Au, is highly reflective of both 5μm sunlight and 8μm-13μm infrared radiation. This infrared high-reflectivity plate reflects the 8μm-13μm infrared thermal radiation emitted from the radiative cooling layer at the cold end of the thermoelectric device into deep space for radiative cooling, thereby reducing the temperature of the cold end of the thermoelectric device. The metal layer 5 has a thickness of 5μm, the dielectric layer 6 has a thickness of 50μm, the infrared high-reflectivity plate 3 has a thickness of 100μm, the sunlight high-absorption layer 7 has a thickness of 5μm, and the radiative cooling layer 9 has a thickness of 5μm.

[0053] Example 3:

[0054] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 or 2 is that the high solar absorption layer 7 is specifically a graphene coating.

[0055] Example 4:

[0056] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 or 2 is that the high-absorption solar layer 7 is a high-absorption coating formed by dispersing nanoparticles into the film-forming material, used for high absorption of sunlight in the range of 0.3μm-2.5μm; specifically, the high-absorption solar layer 7 is a carbon nanotube coating.

[0057] Example 5:

[0058] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 or 2 is that the radiation cooling layer 9 is a spectrally selective coating containing Al2O3 particles.

[0059] Example 6:

[0060] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 or 2 is that the radiation cooling layer 9 is a spectrally selective coating containing SiO2 particles.

[0061] Example 7:

[0062] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 or 2 is that the radiation cooling layer 9 is a spectrally selective coating containing ZrO2 particles.

[0063] Example 8:

[0064] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 or 2 is that the radiation cooling layer 9 is a spectrally selective coating containing TiO2 particles.

[0065] Example 9:

[0066] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 or 2 is that the radiation cooling layer 9 is a spectrally selective coating containing three particles: Al2O3, BaSO4, and SiO2.

[0067] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the radiation cooling layer 9 is a spectrally selective coating containing two types of particles, Cr2O3 and ZrO2.

[0068] Example 10:

[0069] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 or 2 is that the radiation cooling layer 9 is a spectrally selective coating containing four particles: Cr2O3, BaSO4, SiO2, and ZrO2.

[0070] Example 11:

[0071] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 or 2 is that the material of the metal layer 5 is Ag, and the material of the dielectric layer 6 is SiO2.

[0072] Example 12:

[0073] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 or 2 is that the material of the metal layer 5 is Al, and the material of the dielectric layer 6 is PMMA.

[0074] Example 13:

[0075] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 or 2 is that the material of the metal layer 5 is Cu, and the material of the dielectric layer 6 is PVP.

[0076] Example 14:

[0077] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 or 2 is that the material of the metal plate is Ag.

[0078] Example 15:

[0079] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 or 2 is that the material of the metal plate is Al.

[0080] Example 16:

[0081] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 or 2 is that the material of the metal plate is Cu.

[0082] Example 17:

[0083] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 or 2 is that the material of the metal plate is W.

[0084] Example 18:

[0085] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 or 2 is that: the thickness of the metal layer 5 is 5mm, the thickness of the dielectric layer 6 is 10mm, the thickness of the infrared high reflectivity plate 3 is 10mm; the thickness of the solar high absorption layer 7 is 5mm; and the thickness of the radiation cooling layer 9 is 10mm.

[0086] Example 19:

[0087] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 or 2 is that: the thickness of the metal layer 5 is 1 mm, the thickness of the dielectric layer 6 is 5 mm, the thickness of the infrared high reflectivity plate 3 is 5 mm; the thickness of the solar high absorption layer 7 is 1 mm; and the thickness of the radiation cooling layer 9 is 5 mm.

[0088] Example 20:

[0089] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 or 2 is that the hinge is adjusted so that the solar high reflectivity plate 1 is at 40° to the vertical direction and the infrared high reflectivity plate 3 is at 40° to the vertical direction.

[0090] Example 21:

[0091] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 or 2 is that the hinge is adjusted so that the solar high reflectivity plate 1 is at 50° to the vertical direction and the infrared high reflectivity plate 3 is at 50° to the vertical direction.

[0092] Example 22:

[0093] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 or 2 is that the base can also be combined with an energy storage device to form an energy storage base for storing the electrical energy generated by the thermoelectric power generation device.

[0094] Example 23:

[0095] See Figures 1-5This embodiment describes a vertical all-weather passive thermoelectric power generation method based on a double-sided reflection structure. It is implemented based on the vertical all-weather passive thermoelectric power generation device based on a double-sided reflection structure described in embodiments 1-22 above. The specific method is as follows: When the sun is shining during the day, on the hot end side of the thermoelectric power generation device, sunlight of 0.3μm-2.5μm is reflected by a high-reflectivity solar panel 1 onto a high-absorption solar layer 7 in a vertically placed thermoelectric power generation plate 2. The high-absorption solar layer 7 converts the sunlight into heat, heating the hot end of the thermoelectric element 8. On the cold end side of the thermoelectric power generation device, a radiative cooling layer 9 in the thermoelectric power generation plate 2 transfers the heat from the cold end of the thermoelectric element 8 to an infrared high-reflectivity solar panel 3 via infrared thermal radiation. The infrared radiation of 8μm-13μm is then reflected into the deep cold space through the infrared high reflectivity plate 3 for radiative cooling, thereby cooling the cold end of the thermoelectric element 8. The above process causes the temperature of the hot end of the thermoelectric element 8 to rise and the temperature of the cold end to fall, creating a temperature difference and realizing thermoelectric power generation. At night or when there is no sun, the hot end side of the thermoelectric power generation device, the solar high absorption layer 7 in the thermoelectric power generation plate 2 faces the dielectric layer 6 of the solar high reflectivity plate 1 in the reflection system, and does not directly face the deep cold space. Therefore, it will not radiate cooling into space. Even when there is no sun, the hot end of the thermoelectric element 8 will not be cooled. The cold end side of the thermoelectric power generation device continues to radiate cooling with the deep cold space, creating a temperature difference between the hot and cold ends of the thermoelectric device and realizing thermoelectric power generation.

[0096] For verification of the effectiveness of this invention, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 6 Compared with conventional daytime power generation, the power generation effect of this invention is 3.5 times that of conventional power generation on the same land area; compared with conventional nighttime (or no-sun) power generation, the power generation effect of this invention is not much different from conventional power generation on the same land area; compared with the total power generation of conventional daytime and nighttime power generation, the power generation effect of this invention is 2.5 times that of conventional power generation on the same land area.

[0097] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0098] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style of the specification is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A vertical all-weather passive thermoelectric power generation device based on a double-sided reflection structure, characterized in that: It includes a solar high reflectivity plate (1), a thermoelectric power generation plate (2), an infrared high reflectivity plate (3), and a base (4); wherein, the solar high reflectivity plate (1) and the infrared high reflectivity plate (3) constitute a reflection system, and the reflection system is a "V" type reflection system or a "parabolic cylindrical" type reflection system; The bottom end of the thermoelectric power generation plate (2) is fixed on the base (4), and the thermoelectric power generation plate (2) is perpendicular to the ground; The solar high reflectivity plate (1) and infrared high reflectivity plate (3) are arranged on the left and right sides of the thermoelectric power generation plate (2), and the solar high reflectivity plate (1) and infrared high reflectivity plate (3) are at a certain angle to the thermoelectric power generation plate (2). The bottom ends of the solar high reflectivity plate (1) and infrared high reflectivity plate (3) are respectively hinged to the base (4). The thermoelectric power generation plate (2) is a three-layer flat plate structure consisting of a thermoelectric element (8), a solar high absorption layer (7), and a radiation cooling layer (9); the thermoelectric element (8) is located between the solar high absorption layer (7) and the radiation cooling layer (9), the solar high absorption layer (7) is located at the hot end of the thermoelectric element (8), and the radiation cooling layer (9) is located at the cold end of the thermoelectric element (8); The solar high reflectivity plate (1) corresponds to the solar high absorption layer (7) at the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation plate (2) and together constitutes the hot end reflection structure of the thermoelectric device; the infrared high reflectivity plate (3) corresponds to the radiation cooling layer (9) at the cold end of the thermoelectric power generation plate (2) and together constitutes the cold end reflection structure of the thermoelectric device.

2. The vertical all-weather passive thermoelectric power generation device based on a double-sided reflection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the solar high reflectivity plate (1) and the infrared high reflectivity plate (3) are flat plate structures or parabolic cylindrical structures. When they are flat plate structures, they form a "V"-shaped reflection system. When they are parabolic cylindrical structures, they form a "parabolic cylindrical" type reflection system. The bottom ends of the solar high reflectivity plate (1) and the infrared high reflectivity plate (3) are respectively hinged to the base (4). The hinges are adjusted so that the solar high reflectivity plate (1) is at 45° to the vertical direction and the infrared high reflectivity plate (3) is at 45° to the vertical direction.

3. A vertical all-weather passive thermoelectric power generation device based on a double-sided reflection structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The solar high absorption layer (7) is a high absorption coating formed by dispersing dark fillers or nanoparticles into the film-forming material, used for high absorption of sunlight in the range of 0.3μm-2.5μm; the radiation cooling layer (9) is a spectrally selective coating formed by mixing one or more functional particles, used for high reflection of sunlight in the range of 0.3μm-2.5μm and high emission in the infrared band of 8μm-13μm.

4. A vertical all-weather passive thermoelectric power generation device based on a double-sided reflection structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The solar high absorption layer (7) is a black paint layer, a graphene coating, or a carbon nanotube coating; the radiation cooling layer (9) is a spectrally selective coating containing one or more of the following particles: Cr2O3, Al2O3, BaSO4, SiO2, ZrO2, and TiO2.

5. A vertical all-weather passive thermoelectric power generation device based on a double-sided reflection structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The solar high reflectivity plate (1) is a double-layer composite plate structure composed of a metal layer (5) and a dielectric layer (6). The metal layer (5) achieves high reflectivity for both 0.3μm-2.5μm sunlight and 8μm-13μm infrared radiation. The dielectric layer (6) achieves high transmission for 0.3μm-2.5μm sunlight and high absorption for 8μm-13μm infrared radiation. The dielectric layer (6) is located above the metal layer (5). The incident sunlight first shines on the dielectric layer (6) and is then reflected by the metal layer (5) after transmission.

6. A vertical all-weather passive thermoelectric power generation device based on a double-sided reflection structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The metal layer (5) is made of Au, Ag, Al or Cu; the dielectric layer (6) is made of Na2SiO3, SiO2, PMMA or PVP.

7. A vertical all-weather passive thermoelectric power generation device based on a double-sided reflection structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The infrared high reflectivity plate (3) is a smooth metal plate that is highly reflective of sunlight of 0.3μm-2.5μm and infrared radiation of 8μm-13μm. The material of the metal plate is Au, Ag, Al, Cu or W.

8. A vertical all-weather passive thermoelectric power generation device based on a double-sided reflection structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The thickness of the metal layer (5) is between 5 μm and 5 mm, the thickness of the dielectric layer (6) is between 50 μm and 10 mm, and the thickness of the infrared high reflectivity plate (3) is between 100 μm and 10 mm.

9. A vertical all-weather passive thermoelectric power generation device based on a double-sided reflection structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The thickness of the solar high-absorption layer (7) is between 5 μm and 5 mm; the thickness of the radiation cooling layer (9) is between 5 μm and 10 mm.

10. A vertical all-weather passive thermoelectric power generation method based on a double-sided reflection structure, characterized in that: It is based on a vertical all-weather passive thermoelectric power generation device with a double-sided reflection structure as described in any one of claims 5-9, and the specific method is as follows: When the sun is shining during the day, on the hot end side of the thermoelectric power generation device, sunlight of 0.3μm-2.5μm is reflected by a solar high reflector plate (1) onto the solar high absorption layer (7) in the vertically placed thermoelectric power generation plate (2). The solar high absorption layer (7) converts sunlight into heat, heating the hot end of the thermoelectric element (8). On the cold end side of the thermoelectric power generation device, the radiation cooling layer (9) in the thermoelectric power generation plate (2) transfers the heat from the cold end of the thermoelectric element (8) to the infrared high reflector plate (3) through infrared thermal radiation. Then, the infrared high reflector plate (3) reflects infrared radiation of 8μm-13μm into deep cold space for radiation cooling, thereby cooling the cold end of the thermoelectric element (8). The above process causes the temperature of the hot end of the thermoelectric element (8) to rise and the temperature of the cold end to fall, creating a temperature difference and realizing thermoelectric power generation. At night or when there is no sun, the solar high absorption layer (7) in the thermoelectric power generation plate (2) faces the medium layer (6) of the solar high reflectance plate (1) in the reflection system on the hot end side of the thermoelectric power generation device. It does not directly face the deep cold space and will not radiate cooling into space. Even when there is no sun, the hot end of the thermoelectric plate (8) will not cool down. The cold end side of the thermoelectric power generation device continues to radiate cooling with the deep cold space, so that the hot end and cold end of the thermoelectric device generate a temperature difference, and realize thermoelectric power generation.

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