A bidirectional cross-loading laminated crusher

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of ore crushing equipment, and particularly relates to a two-way cross-loading laminating crusher. It includes a casing, inside which there is a cross-shaped cavity. The front, rear, left, and right pressing plates are vertically installed in the front, rear, left, and right cavities of the cross-shaped cavity respectively; the front, rear, left, and right push rods are respectively connected to the front, rear, left, and right pressing plates to drive the pressing plates to slide along the cavity. The top plate is horizontally arranged, and the top push rod is connected to the top plate to drive the top plate to slide up and down along the middle cavity of the cross-shaped cavity; the baffle is located at the bottom of the discharge port, and the baffle controls the opening and closing of the discharge port. The crushing process is a cyclic ballasting process in the vertical cross direction, which can apply double crushing pressures to the crushed material layer in two directions. It realizes the continuous crushing process of feeding, crushing, scattering, re-crushing, discharging, and new feeding in the material crushing system, can significantly increase the content of fine particle size in the discharge, increase the crushing ratio, improve the crushing effect of the ore, and improve the energy transfer efficiency of the crushing process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ore crushing equipment, and particularly relates to a two-way cross-loading laminating crusher. Background Art

[0002] The crushing of materials is an indispensable process in the production of products in many industries (such as metallurgy, mining, building materials, chemical industry, ceramics, etc.). Ore crushing is the use of crushing equipment to crush ores, and the purpose of crushing is to make the raw materials into products that meet the requirements in terms of particle size, shape, etc.

[0003] The crushing efficiency of traditional grinding equipment is relatively low. The crushing efficiency of layer crushing is much higher than that of traditional grinding equipment, and a large amount of energy consumption can be saved compared with the traditional grinding process. The theoretical system of crushing physics is established on the experiments and research of single-particle crushing. Single-particle crushing means that the stress acting on the material and the resulting crushing process are carried out separately, that is, there is no interaction force between material particles. In the past, crushing theories and crushing behaviors often emphasized external forces and ignored the study of crushing behaviors existing in the material layer. With the in-depth study of crushing theory, layer crushing was proposed and fully studied. Layer crushing, also known as laminating crushing and inter-particle crushing, is a crushing form that occurs when many particles are aggregated together under an external load. During the crushing process, the contact force received by a single particle comes from adjacent other particles or an external pressing body. The key to layer crushing is that the pressure continuously increases, making the particle gaps smaller and smaller, so that the particles can transmit extrusion stress to each other. When the stress intensity reaches the crushing strength of the particles, the particles begin to be crushed.

[0004] The theoretical basis of the high-pressure roller grinding technology is layer crushing. It consists of a pair of extrusion rollers that rotate synchronously in opposite directions, one of which is a moving roller and the other is a fixed roller. Both rollers are covered with special wear-resistant materials. The crushing process of the high-pressure roller mill requires "full feeding". The material enters from the feeding port above the two rollers and is continuously brought into the roller gap by the continuous rotation of the extrusion rollers. During the crushing process, in addition to the particles in contact with the roller surface being directly pressed by the roller surface, interaction pressure also occurs between the material particles, resulting in the compaction and crushing of the material. The particle size distribution of the crushed product during the entire crushing process is relatively narrow, containing more fine particle sizes, and the final product exists in the form of a cake. Since the crushing process of the high-pressure roller mill is layer crushing between ore particles, a large number of secondary cracks are generated inside the ore particles during the crushing process. These cracks are very beneficial for the subsequent grinding and separation processes, and it has the advantages of low energy consumption, high crushing efficiency, and wide application fields.

[0005] However, since the pressure at different positions on the roll surface of the high-pressure roller mill is not fixed, generally the pressure at the center of the roll surface is high and the pressure at the edge is low, which will cause the particle size of the edge products to be coarser than that of the middle products, that is, the "edge effect", which reduces the crushing effect and energy transfer efficiency of the high-pressure roller mill to a certain extent. The pressure distribution on the roll surface of the high-pressure roller mill for pressing materials is uneven. The pressure on the roll surface at both ends of the roller can drop by up to 70% compared with the pressure in the middle of the roller. 80% - 85% of the material bed in the middle of the roller is subjected to a relatively high roll surface pressure, and the crushing effect of the remaining 15% - 20% of the materials at the edge is not ideal.

[0006] In summary, the existing ore crushing equipment has at least the following defects and deficiencies: uneven particle size distribution, low content of fine particle size, unsatisfactory material crushing effect, and low energy transfer efficiency in the crushing process. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a two-way cross-loading laminating crusher, which realizes the continuous crushing process of feeding, crushing, dispersing, re-crushing, discharging, and new feeding of the material crushing system, can significantly increase the content of fine particle size in the discharged material, increase the crushing ratio, improve the crushing effect of the ore, and improve the energy transfer efficiency in the crushing process.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0009] A two-way cross-loading laminating crusher includes a machine shell. A cross-shaped cavity is provided inside the machine shell. The cross-shaped cavity includes front, rear, left, right, and middle cavities. A hopper is provided at the top of the machine shell, and a discharge port is provided at the bottom of the machine shell.

[0010] The front, rear, left, and right pressing plates are respectively vertically installed in the front, rear, left, and right cavities of the cross-shaped cavity; the front, rear, left, and right push rods are respectively connected to the front, rear, left, and right pressing plates, driving the pressing plates to slide along the cavity.

[0011] The top plate is horizontally arranged. The top push rod is connected to the top plate, driving the top plate to slide up and down along the middle cavity of the cross-shaped cavity; the baffle is located at the bottom of the discharge port, and the baffle opens and closes the discharge port.

[0012] The front and rear pressing plates move towards each other simultaneously to press the materials in the middle cavity of the cross-shaped cavity from the front and rear, and the left and right pressing plates move towards each other simultaneously to press the materials in the middle cavity of the cross-shaped cavity from the left and right, alternately pressing and crushing the materials in the vertical cross direction.

[0013] As a further improvement and optimization of the technical solution of the present invention: it further includes a frame, and the machine shell is fixedly connected to the frame.

[0014] As a further improvement and optimization of the technical solution of the present invention: the frame includes a platform and columns. The columns are vertically fixedly connected to the bottom of the platform, and the machine shell is fixedly connected to the platform.

[0015] As a further improvement and optimization of the technical solution of the present invention: the rod seats of the front, rear, left and right push rods are fixedly connected to the platform through bolts.

[0016] As a further improvement and optimization of the technical solution of the present invention: it further includes a bracket, the bracket is fixedly connected to the hopper, and the top push rod is fixedly connected to the bracket.

[0017] As a further improvement and optimization of the technical solution of the present invention: the front, rear, left and right push rods are electric push rods, hydraulic cylinders or electro-hydraulic push rods.

[0018] As a further improvement and optimization of the technical solution of the present invention: the electric push rod, hydraulic cylinder or electro-hydraulic push rod can provide a crushing pressure of up to 20 N / mm 2 to the material.

[0019] Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] In the present invention, a cross-shaped cavity is provided inside the casing, a hopper is provided at the top of the casing, and a discharge port is provided at the bottom of the casing; the front, rear, left and right pressing plates are respectively vertically installed in the front, rear, left and right cavities of the cross-shaped cavity; the front, rear, left and right push rods are respectively connected to the front, rear, left and right pressing plates, driving the pressing plates to slide along the cavity; the top plate is horizontally arranged, the top push rod is connected to the top plate, driving the top plate to slide up and down along the middle cavity of the cross-shaped cavity; the baffle is located at the bottom of the discharge port, and the baffle opens and closes the discharge port. The material enters the middle cavity of the cross-shaped cavity along the hopper under the action of gravity, the top plate moves downward to compact the material, the front and rear pressing plates move towards each other simultaneously to press the material in the middle cavity of the cross-shaped cavity front and back for the first crushing, and the left and right pressing plates move towards each other simultaneously to press the material in the middle cavity of the cross-shaped cavity left and right for the second crushing. The above crushing process can be carried out in a cycle. When the crushing process is completed, the baffle opens the discharge port for discharging.

[0021] The crushing process of the present invention is a cyclic ballast process in the vertical and cross directions, and it is a two-way loading laminating crushing equipment that can apply double crushing pressures to the crushing material layer in two directions. A set of opposite pressing plates provides a maximum crushing pressure of 300 Mpa to the material. After pressing and crushing, the compacted crushed material layer is dispersed and crushed in a different direction from another vertical and cross direction to realize the alternating ballast crushing of the material layer.

[0022] On the one hand, it can overcome the edge effect of traditional high-pressure roller mill equipment, and on the other hand, it can further improve the energy transfer efficiency of the crushing process, provide multiple stresses with changing cross directions. The material crushed by the cross ballast crushing of the present invention has a more uniform particle size distribution and a higher content of fine particle size than the material crushed by the single-layer crushing of the high-pressure roller mill in a single direction. It can not only be applied to the ultra-fine crushing process of ore materials, but also be used in the dry fine grinding process of ore materials.

[0023] The present invention realizes the continuous crushing process of feeding, crushing, dispersing, re-crushing, discharging, and new feeding of the material crushing system by controlling each push rod, which can significantly increase the content of fine particle size in the discharge, increase the crushing ratio, improve the crushing effect of the ore, and improve the energy transfer efficiency of the crushing process. Description of the Drawings

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic side view of the structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic side sectional view of the structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the first-stage loading and crushing of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the first-stage dispersing process of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the second-stage loading and crushing of the present invention with the direction changed.

[0030] In the figure: 1 - frame, 2 - top hydraulic cylinder support, 3 - hopper, 4 - casing, 5 - discharge port, 6 - material mass, 01 - top hydraulic cylinder, 02 - left hydraulic cylinder, 03 - front hydraulic cylinder, 04 - right hydraulic cylinder, 05 - rear hydraulic cylinder, 06 - bottom hydraulic cylinder, 01a - top pressing plate, 02a - left pressing plate, 03a - front pressing plate, 04a - right pressing plate, 05a - rear pressing plate, 06a - baffle Detailed Embodiment

[0031] The following details the embodiments of the present invention. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention and should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installation", "connection", and "coupling" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0033] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings:

[0034]

Embodiment

[0035] As Figures 1 to 6 shown, a two-way cross-loading laminated crusher includes a frame 1, and the frame 1 includes a platform and columns. The platform is horizontally arranged, and four columns are vertically and fixedly connected to the four corners of the bottom surface of the platform.

[0036] The main body of the casing 4 is in a cross shape, and the casing 4 is fixedly connected to the center of the top surface of the platform of the frame 1. Inside the main body of the casing 4, there is a hollow cross-shaped cavity, which is a crushing cavity and is divided into front, rear, left, right, and middle cavities.

[0037] A hopper 3 is provided at the top of the casing 4. The hopper 3 is conical, and the feeding port at the bottom of the hopper 3 is communicated with the top of the middle cavity of the cross-shaped cavity of the casing 4. A discharge port 5 is provided at the bottom of the casing 4.

[0038] The top pressing plate 01a (top plate) is horizontally arranged. The top pressing plate 01a is connected to the rod of the top hydraulic cylinder 01. The axis of the rod is vertical. The base of the top hydraulic cylinder 01 is fixedly connected to the top hydraulic cylinder bracket 2 by bolts, and the top hydraulic cylinder bracket 2 is fixedly connected to the hopper 3. The top hydraulic cylinder 01 drives the top pressing plate 01a to slide up and down along the middle cavity of the cross-shaped cavity.

[0039] The left pressing plate 02a is vertically installed in the left cavity of the cross-shaped cavity of the casing 4. The rod of the left hydraulic cylinder 02 is connected thereto. The axis of the rod is horizontal. The cylinder block of the left hydraulic cylinder 02 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the platform of the frame 1 by bolts and is located on the left side. The left hydraulic cylinder 02 drives the left pressing plate 02a to slide left and right along the left cavity.

[0040] The front pressure plate 03a is vertically installed in the front cavity of the cross-shaped cavity of the machine housing 4. The piston rod of the front hydraulic cylinder 03 is connected thereto, and the axis of the piston rod is horizontal. The cylinder block of the front hydraulic cylinder 03 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the platform of the frame 1 and is located on the front side. The front hydraulic cylinder 03 drives the front pressure plate 03a to slide back and forth along the front cavity.

[0041] The right pressure plate 04a is vertically installed in the right cavity of the cross-shaped cavity of the machine housing 4. The piston rod of the right hydraulic cylinder 04 is connected thereto, and the axis of the piston rod is horizontal. The cylinder block of the right hydraulic cylinder 04 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the platform of the frame 1 and is located on the right side. The right hydraulic cylinder 04 drives the right pressure plate 04a to slide left and right along the right cavity.

[0042] The rear pressure plate 05a is vertically installed in the front cavity of the cross-shaped cavity of the machine housing 4. The piston rod of the rear hydraulic cylinder 05 is connected thereto, and the axis of the piston rod is horizontal. The cylinder block of the rear hydraulic cylinder 05 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the platform of the frame 1 and is located on the rear side. The rear hydraulic cylinder 05 drives the rear pressure plate 05a to slide back and forth along the rear cavity.

[0043] The bottom opening of the cross-shaped cavity of the machine housing 4 is the discharge port 5. The baffle 06a is installed on the slideways on both sides of the discharge port 5. The baffle 06a is horizontally arranged and is located at the bottom of the discharge port 5. The piston rod of the bottom hydraulic cylinder 06 is connected to the baffle 06a and drives the baffle 06a to move left and right. When the baffle 06a moves to directly below the discharge port 5, the discharge port 5 is blocked to close the discharge port 5. When the baffle 06a moves away from the discharge port 5, the discharge port 5 is opened for discharging. The base of the bottom hydraulic cylinder 06 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the platform and the column.

[0044] The working principle and process of the present invention are as follows:

[0045] First, all the pressure plates are adjusted to the initial positions. The crushed materials are placed in the hopper 3. Under the action of gravity, the materials slide along the hopper 3 into the middle cavity of the cross-shaped cavity of the machine housing 4. After filling the middle cavity, the materials stop flowing.

[0046] At this time, the top hydraulic cylinder 01 is started. The top pressure plate 01a moves downward under the drive of the top hydraulic cylinder 01 to compact the material mass 6 and stops above the middle cavity of the cross-shaped cavity and remains stationary.

[0047] The left hydraulic cylinder 02 and the right hydraulic cylinder 04 are linked, and the front hydraulic cylinder 03 and the rear hydraulic cylinder 05 are linked. The left pressure plate 02a and the right pressure plate 04a simultaneously squeeze the material mass 6 inward under the action of the left hydraulic cylinder 02 and the right hydraulic cylinder 04 for the first crushing. After loading for a certain time, the load is unloaded, and they move to the initial positions and remain fixed.

[0048] At this time, the front pressure plate 03a and the rear pressure plate 05a are pushed by the front hydraulic cylinder 03 and the rear hydraulic cylinder 05 to squeeze the material mass 6 inward from another direction. The compacted crushed material mass 6 is first dispersed under the squeezing action in another direction, and then the material mass 6 is continuously squeezed for secondary crushing, realizing the secondary crushing of the material. After loading for a certain period of time, it is unloaded and moved to the initial position.

[0049] After that, the baffle 06a is moved away from the discharge port 5 under the action of the bottom hydraulic cylinder 06. After being completely moved away, the top pressure plate 01a is driven by the top hydraulic cylinder 01 and moves downward to discharge the material mass 6 after secondary crushing from the discharge port 5.

[0050] After that, the baffle 06a is closed at the discharge port 5 under the action of the bottom hydraulic cylinder 06. After the top pressure plate 01a moves up and returns to its original position, the new material refills the crushing chamber, entering the next crushing cycle process.

[0051] The crushing process of the present invention is a cyclic ballast process in the vertical and cross directions, and it is a two-directional loading and laminating crushing device that can apply double crushing pressures to the crushing material layer in two directions. A set of opposite pressure plates provide a maximum crushing pressure of 300 Mpa to the material. After pressing and crushing, the compacted crushing material layer is dispersed and re-crushed in different directions from another vertically intersecting direction, realizing the alternating ballast crushing of the material layer.

[0052] On the one hand, it can overcome the edge effect of traditional high-pressure roller mill equipment. On the other hand, it can further improve the energy transfer efficiency of the crushing process, providing multiple stresses with changing cross directions. The particle size distribution of the material crushed by the cross ballast crushing of the present invention is more uniform and the content of fine particle size is higher than that of the material crushed by the single-directional material layer crushing of the high-pressure roller mill. It can not only be applied to the ultra-fine crushing process of ore materials, but also be used in the dry fine grinding process of ore materials.

[0053] The present invention realizes the continuous crushing process of feeding, crushing, dispersing, re-crushing, discharging, and new feeding of the material crushing system by controlling each push rod, which can significantly improve the crushing effect of ore and the energy transfer efficiency of the crushing process.

[0054] The crushing pressure of traditional high-pressure roller mill equipment is between 8 and 12 Mpa. When in closed-circuit circulation, the content of particles with a size of 5 mm in the crushed product is between 60% and 70%, the content of particles with a size of 3 mm in the crushed product is between 45% and 60%, and the content of particles with a size of 0.074 mm in the crushed product is between 20% and 25%.

[0055] The present invention can generate a maximum of 20 N / mm on the crushed material 2For the crushing pressure, the content of fine-grained products is higher than that of the high-pressure roller mill. When the maximum particle size in the feed is 12 mm, the content of -3 mm particle size fraction in the crushed products can reach over 80%, and the content of -0.074 mm particle size fraction in the crushed products is over 50%. The present invention can also be used to produce ultrafine powders with particle sizes less than 45 μm.

[0056] The above are only the preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, making equivalent substitutions or changes, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A two-way cross-loading laminated crusher, characterized in that: It includes a machine shell, a cross-shaped cavity is arranged inside the machine shell, a hopper is arranged at the top of the machine shell, and a discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the machine shell; The front, rear, left and right pressing plates are vertically installed in the front, rear, left and right cavities of the cross-shaped cavity respectively; The front, rear, left and right push rods are respectively connected to the front, rear, left and right pressing plates, and drive the pressing plates to slide along the cavity; The top plate is horizontally arranged, the top push rod is connected to the top plate, and drives the top plate to slide up and down along the middle cavity of the cross-shaped cavity; The baffle is located at the bottom of the discharge port, and the baffle opens and closes the discharge port; The front and rear pressing plates move towards each other simultaneously to press the material in the middle cavity of the cross-shaped cavity from the front and back, and the left and right pressing plates move towards each other simultaneously to press the material from the left and right, and alternately press and crush the material in the vertical cross direction.

2. A two-way cross-loading laminated crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: It further includes a frame, and the machine shell is fixedly connected to the frame.

3. A two-way cross-loading laminated pulverizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The frame includes a platform and columns, the columns are vertically fixedly connected to the bottom of the platform, and the machine shell is fixedly connected to the platform.

4. The double-direction cross-loading laminated crusher according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rod seats of the front, rear, left and right push rods are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the platform by bolts.

5. A two-way cross-loading laminated crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: It further includes a bracket, the bracket is fixedly connected to the hopper, and the top push rod is fixedly connected to the bracket.

6. A two-way cross-loading laminated crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front, rear, left and right push rods are electric push rods, hydraulic cylinders or electro-hydraulic push rods.

7. A two-way cross-loading laminated pulverizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric push rod, hydraulic cylinder or electro-hydraulic push rod can provide the material with a crushing pressure of up to 20 N / mm 2 .

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