A method for automatically loading small cartridges into blast holes in underground mines

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for automatically loading small cartridges into blast holes in underground mines. The small cartridge loading device used includes an air compressor (1), an automatic pressure regulating valve (2), an automatic switching valve (3), an air pipe (4), a head (5), and a cartridge conveying pipe (6). The air compressor (1), the automatic pressure regulating valve (2), the automatic switching valve (3), and the head (5) are sequentially connected by the air pipe (4). The head (5) is connected to the cartridge conveying pipe (6) by pipe threads, and the air pipe (4) communicates with the cartridge conveying pipe (6). Its working steps include: loading, hole searching, pipe pushing, starting the air compressor (1) and the automatic pressure regulating valve (2), starting the automatic switching valve (3), cartridge pushing, constant speed setting, compaction, and pipe retraction. The present invention has a constant working pressure, can effectively control the movement speed of the cartridges, improve work efficiency, and reduce labor intensity; the centralized loading of cartridges using the cartridge conveying pipe can keep the operator away from the working face, prevent injury caused by rock block collapse, and improve the inherent safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of blasting charge loading, and particularly relates to a method for loading cartridge charges into blast holes in underground mines, especially a method for loading small cartridge charges of emulsion explosives and powdery emulsion explosives in underground mines, which can be widely applied in production and construction such as underground mines, tunnels, water conservancy and hydropower projects, large oil depots, etc. Background Art

[0002] In the field of industrial explosives, emulsion explosives are a kind of inexpensive basic variety, with good waterproof performance, large explosion power, and long storage time, and are widely used in underground, tunnel and chamber blasting operations. Compared with open-pit blasting, the characteristics of underground blasting are that there is only one working face, the working space is narrow, the blasting scale is small, the blasting frequency is high, it is greatly affected by the properties of underground rocks, the working environment is complex, the production capacity is small, and the degree of automation is low.

[0003] At present, the loading of small cartridge charges in domestic underground mines is mostly manual operation. The operator closely adheres to the working face, loads the small cartridge charges into the blast holes one by one, and then rams them with plastic pipes. Since there is no shotcrete with wire mesh on the working face and its top, rock blocks are likely to slide, resulting in casualty accidents. Therefore, the working efficiency of underground small cartridge charge loading is low and the inherent safety is poor.

[0004] In order to solve the problem of explosive loading in on-site blasting construction, Chinese Patent ZL201920729454.0 discloses an explosive loading device for blasting operations, which relates to the technical field of blasting engineering and can facilitate the loading of explosives for over-excavated and high benches. The explosive loading device includes a pushing rod and a conveying sleeve. The pushing rod is a telescopic structural rod composed of several prefabricated length rods, and the pushing rod is arranged in the conveying sleeve and can axially move in the conveying sleeve. The conveying sleeve is provided with a receiving part for holding explosives. The utility model is applicable to blasting construction such as coal mining, mining and tunnel excavation. However, this explosive loading device still requires manual operation and fails to fundamentally achieve inherent safety during the charging process. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for automatically loading small cartridge charges into blast holes in underground mines, which has high working efficiency, is away from the dangerous working face, has good inherent safety, low labor intensity, and can realize the continuous automation of small cartridge charge loading, aiming at the above problems existing in the current loading process of small cartridge charges in underground mines.

[0006] To achieve the above object of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted for a method for automatically loading small cartridge charges into blast holes in underground mines according to the present invention:

[0007] The small cartridge loading device used in the method for automatically loading small cartridges into blast holes in underground mines includes an air compressor, an automatic pressure regulating valve, an automatic switching valve, an air pipe, a sealing head, and a cartridge delivery pipe. The air compressor, the automatic pressure regulating valve, the automatic switching valve, and the sealing head are sequentially connected by the air pipe. The sealing head and the cartridge delivery pipe are connected by pipe threads, and the air pipe communicates with the cartridge delivery pipe.

[0008] The expansion body, small cartridges, and detonators are sequentially filled into the cartridge delivery pipe from top to bottom. The detonator lead wire is closely attached to the outer wall of the cartridge delivery pipe and led out of the blast hole; the static conductive copper wire is fixed to the sealing head with screws, fixed along the air pipe, and grounded.

[0009] Its loading method includes the following steps:

[0010] 1) Loading: Fill the expansion body, small cartridges, and detonators into the cartridge delivery pipe from top to bottom in sequence;

[0011] 2) Hole searching: Align the cartridge delivery pipe with the blast hole on the working surface;

[0012] 3) Pipe pushing: Push the cartridge delivery pipe into the blast hole to a suitable position and keep it stationary;

[0013] 4) Start the air compressor to generate compressed gas. At the same time, start the automatic pressure regulating valve by the automatic control center, adjust the pressure to the working pressure, and keep it constant;

[0014] 5) Start the automatic switching valve: Start the automatic switching valve by the automatic control center, and the compressed gas enters the cartridge delivery pipe through the air pipe and the sealing head;

[0015] 6) Cartridge pushing: The compressed gas forms a working surface on the air inlet side of the expansion body, thereby pushing the expansion body, small cartridges, and detonators into the blast hole; the detonator lead wire closely attached to the outer side of the cartridge delivery pipe also enters the blast hole together;

[0016] 7) Constant speed: Start the automatic pressure regulating valve through the automatic control center to keep the pressure and air intake of the compressed gas entering the cartridge delivery pipe constant, so that the expansion body, small cartridges, detonator lead wire, and detonator enter the blast hole at a constant speed, and the speed is generally controlled at 0.5 - 5 m / s;

[0017] 8) Compaction: After the expansion body, small cartridges, detonator lead wire, and detonator enter the blast hole, the expansion body expands to seal the blast hole, and the cartridge delivery pipe is used to press the expansion body so that the small cartridges are more compact in the blast hole;

[0018] 9) Pipe withdrawal: Close the automatic switching valve and withdraw the cartridge delivery pipe.

[0019] The air compressor is an automatically controlled medium and low pressure air compressor, the motor is an explosion-proof motor, with a power of 0.5 - 5.5 kW, a working pressure of 0.1 - 0.8 Mp, and a compressed gas consumption of 0.1 - 5 m 3 / min. The air compressor can be automatically controlled to start and stop by the automatic control center, and mainly provides appropriate air pressure for the small cartridge loading device.

[0020] The described medicine delivery pipe is a conductive and flame-retardant plastic pipe. The pipe is filled with an expandable body and small cartridges. The small cartridges are transported into the blast hole through compressed air, and the static electricity generated by the friction between the small cartridges and the plastic pipe wall is conducted to the conductive copper wire.

[0021] The described air pipe is a pressure-resistant and corrosion-resistant plastic pipe, which is used to transport compressed air and transmit power.

[0022] The described end cap is a conductive and flame-retardant plastic pipe, which connects the air pipe and the medicine delivery pipe.

[0023] The inner diameter of the described medicine delivery pipe is Φ25 - 100 mm, the outer diameter is Φ32 - 110 mm, and the cartridge loading length of the medicine delivery pipe is 0.5 - 4 m.

[0024] The natural shape of the described expandable body is one of a cylinder, a frustum, a sphere, and a bowl shape. The expansion coefficient is 1 - 5 times. The free length of the expandable body is 100 - 500 mm, and the diameter is Φ25 - 150 mm.

[0025] The described automatic pressure regulating valve is a diaphragm type pressure reducing valve. When the air pipe pressure is less than the set value, the valve opening becomes larger. When the air pipe pressure is greater than the set value, the valve opening becomes smaller to keep the working pressure stable.

[0026] The described automatic switch valve is an automatic control valve, which is switched through the automatic control center and is used when the small cartridge loading device starts and stops. When it is opened, compressed air enters the air pipe of the small cartridge loading device. When it is closed, the compressed air is cut off to ensure working safety.

[0027] The described conductive copper wire is grounded and connected to the medicine delivery pipe, and conducts the static electricity generated by the friction between the small cartridges and the plastic pipe wall to the ground to prevent potential safety hazards caused by static electricity accumulation.

[0028] The described small cartridge is an explosive cartridge for blasting, and uses the explosion of the explosive to achieve the purpose of destroying the rock mass and breaking the rock.

[0029] After adopting the above technical solutions, a method for automatically loading small cartridges into blast holes in underground mines of the present invention has the following positive effects:

[0030] The use of an automatic pressure regulating valve can ensure a constant working pressure of the compressed air, which is beneficial to effectively control the movement speed of the cartridge; using compressed air as the power is safe and environmentally friendly; the use of a conductive and flame-retardant cartridge conveying pipe and conductive copper wire can quickly release static electricity, prevent static electricity accumulation, and ensure the safety of conveying cartridges; the use of an expansion body can generate a working pressure surface to push the cartridge forward, and can seal the blast hole through expansion, playing a role in plugging the blast hole, improving the blasting effect and reducing the unit blasting consumption; the use of a conductive and flame-retardant cartridge conveying pipe to centrally load cartridges can improve work efficiency and reduce labor intensity. Description of the Drawings

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural connection diagram of the small cartridge loading device adopted by the method of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 is Figure 1 The partial enlarged view of position Ⅰ in

[0033] The reference numerals in the drawings are: 1 - air compressor, 2 - automatic pressure regulating valve, 3 - automatic switch valve, 4 - air pipe, 5 - head, 6 - cartridge conveying pipe, 7 - expansion body, 8 - conductive copper wire, 9 - small cartridge, 10 - detonator lead wire, 11 - detonator. Detailed Embodiment

[0034] To further describe the present invention, the following further explains a method for automatically loading small cartridges into blast holes in underground mines of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

[0035] From Figure 1 the schematic structural connection diagram of the small cartridge loading device adopted by the method of the present invention shown in conjunction with Figure 2 it can be seen that the small cartridge loading device adopted by the method of the present invention is composed of an air compressor 1, an automatic pressure regulating valve 2, an automatic switch valve 3, an air pipe 4, a head 5, a cartridge conveying pipe 6, an expansion body 7, a conductive copper wire 8, a detonator lead wire 10, and a detonator 11. The air compressor 1, the automatic pressure regulating valve 2, the automatic switch valve 3, and the head 5 are sequentially connected by the air pipe 4. The head 5 and the cartridge conveying pipe 6 are connected by pipe threads. The air pipe 4 is communicated with the cartridge conveying pipe 6. The expansion body 7, the small cartridge 9, and the detonator 11 are sequentially filled into the cartridge conveying pipe 6 from top to bottom. The detonator lead wire 10 is led outside the blast hole close to the outer wall of the cartridge conveying pipe 6; the conductive copper wire 8 is fixed on the head 5 with screws and is fixed along the air pipe 4 and grounded.

[0036] A method for automatically loading small cartridges into blast holes in underground mines of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0037] 1) Loading: Fill the expansion body 7, the small cartridge 9, and the detonator 11 into the cartridge conveying pipe 6 in sequence from top to bottom;

[0038] 2) Hole searching: Align the cartridge conveying pipe 6 with the blast hole on the working face;

[0039] 3) Pusher tube: Push the medicine delivery tube 6 into the blast hole to a suitable position and keep it stationary.

[0040] 4) Start the air compressor 1 to generate compressed air. At the same time, start the automatic pressure regulating valve 2 by the automatic control center, adjust the pressure to the working pressure and keep it constant.

[0041] 5) Start the automatic switch valve 3: Start the automatic switch valve 3 by the automatic control center. The compressed air enters the medicine delivery tube 6 through the air pipe 4 and the end cap 5.

[0042] 6) Push the medicine: The compressed air forms a working surface on the air inlet side of the expansion body 7, thereby pushing the expansion body 7, the small cartridge 9, and the detonator 11 into the blast hole. The detonator lead 10 closely attached to the outer side of the medicine delivery tube 6 also enters the blast hole together.

[0043] 7) Constant speed: Start the automatic pressure regulating valve 2 through the automatic control center to keep the pressure and air intake of the compressed air entering the medicine delivery tube 6 constant. The pressure is 0.1 - 0.8 Mp, and the air intake is 0.1 - 5 m 3 / min, so that the expansion body 7, the small cartridge 9, the detonator lead 10, and the detonator 11 enter the blast hole at a constant speed, and the speed is 0.5 - 5 m / s.

[0044] 8) Compaction: After the expansion body 7, the small cartridge 9, the detonator lead 10, and the detonator 11 enter the blast hole, the expansion body 7 expands to seal the blast hole, and the medicine delivery tube 6 is used to press the expansion body 7 to make the small cartridge 9 more dense in the blast hole.

[0045] 9) Withdraw the tube: Close the automatic switch valve 3 and withdraw the medicine delivery tube 6.

[0046] The method for automatically loading small cartridges in blast holes of underground mines in the present invention has been used in a certain underground mine. The specific parameters are as follows:

[0047] a. The power of the air compressor is 0.5 - 5.5 kW;

[0048] b. The working pressure is 0.1 - 0.8 Mp;

[0049] c. The consumption of compressed air is 0.1 - 5 m 3 / h;

[0050] d. The specification of the medicine delivery tube: The inner diameter is Φ25 - 100 mm, and the outer diameter is Φ32 - 110 mm;

[0051] e. The length of the medicine delivery tube is 0.5 - 4 m;

[0052] f. The expansion coefficient of the expansion body is 1 - 5;

[0053] g. The loading length of the small cartridge is 0.5 - 4 m;

[0054] h. Movement speed of the small cartridge: 0.5 - 5 m / s

[0055] i. Loading efficiency: 500 kg / h.

[0056] Industrial test results show that the method for automatically loading small cartridges into blast holes in underground mines according to the present invention has a constant working pressure and can effectively control the movement speed of the cartridges; uses compressed air as the power, which is safe and environmentally friendly; the end cap and the cartridge conveying pipe adopt conductive and flame-retardant cartridge conveying pipes and static conductive copper wires, which can quickly release static electricity, prevent static electricity accumulation, and ensure the safety of blasting operations; the use of the expansion body can not only generate a working pressure surface to push the cartridge forward, but also seal the blast hole through expansion, playing a role in plugging the blast hole, improving the blasting effect and reducing the unit blasting consumption; the use of the cartridge conveying pipe to centrally load the cartridges can keep the operator away from the working face, prevent rock blocks from falling and injuring people, and improve the inherent safety; the use of the cartridge conveying pipe to centrally load the cartridges can improve the working efficiency, greatly reduce the labor intensity of workers, and is deeply welcomed by on-site workers.

Claims

1. A method for automatically loading small cartridges into blast holes in underground mines, characterized in that: The small medicine roll filling device comprises an air compressor (1), an automatic pressure regulating valve (2), an automatic switch valve (3), an air pipe (4), a sealing head (5), and a medicine delivery pipe (6). The air compressor (1), the automatic pressure regulating valve (2), the automatic switch valve (3), and the sealing head (5) are sequentially connected by the air pipe (4). The sealing head (5) and the medicine delivery pipe (6) are connected by pipe threads. The air pipe (4) and the medicine delivery pipe (6) are in communication. The expansion body (7), the small medicine roll (9), and the detonator (11) are sequentially placed in the medicine delivery tube (6) from top to bottom, and the detonator lead (10) is closely attached to the outer wall of the medicine delivery tube (6) and led to the outside of the blast hole; the static conductive copper wire (8) is fixed to the sealing head (5) with screws, fixed along the air pipe (4) and grounded; The filling method comprises the following steps: 1) Filling: placing the expansion body (7), the small medicine roll (9), and the detonator (11) into the medicine delivery tube (6) in order from top to bottom; 2) Hole finding: align the drug delivery tube (6) with the blast hole on the working surface; 3) Pushing the tube: Pushing the drug delivery tube (6) into the blast hole to a suitable position and keeping it still; 4) Start the air compressor (1) to generate compressed gas, and at the same time, the automatic control center starts the automatic pressure regulating valve (2) to adjust the pressure to the working pressure and keep it constant; 5) Starting the automatic switch valve (3): The automatic switch valve (3) is started by the automatic control center, and the compressed gas enters the drug delivery tube (6) through the air pipe (4) and the sealing head (5); 6) Pushing the charge: The compressed gas forms a working surface on the air inlet side of the expansion body (7), thereby pushing the expansion body (7), the small charge roll (9), and the detonator (11) into the blast hole; the detonator lead (10) close to the outside of the charge delivery tube (6) also enters the blast hole; 7) Constant speed: The automatic pressure regulating valve (2) is activated by the automatic control center to keep the pressure and air intake of the compressed gas entering the drug delivery tube (6) constant, so that the expansion body (7), the small drug roll (9), the detonator lead (10), and the detonator (11) enter the blast hole at a constant speed; 8) Compacting: After the expansion body (7), the small charge roll (9), the detonator lead (10), and the detonator (11) enter the blast hole, the expansion body (7) expands to seal the blast hole, and the drug delivery tube (6) is used to compress the expansion body (7) so that the small charge roll (9) is more compacted in the blast hole; 9) Withdrawing the tube: close the automatic switch valve (3) and withdraw the drug delivery tube (6).

2. The method for automatically loading small cartridges into blast holes in an underground mine according to claim 1, wherein: The air compressor (1) described is an automatically controlled medium and low pressure air compressor. The motor is an explosion-proof motor with a power of 0.5 - 5.5 kW, a working pressure of 0.1 - 0.8 Mp, and a compressed gas consumption of 0.1 - 5 m 3 / min.

3. A method for automatically loading small cartridges into blast holes in an underground mine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The medicine delivery tube (6) is a conductive and flame-retardant plastic tube.

4. A method for automatically loading small cartridges into blast holes in an underground mine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The air pipe (4) is a pressure-resistant and corrosion-resistant plastic pipe, which is used to transport compressed air and transmit power.

5. A method for automatically loading small cartridges into blast holes in an underground mine as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing head (5) is a conductive and flame-retardant plastic tube connected to the trachea (4) and the drug delivery tube (6).

6. The method for automatically loading small cartridges into blast holes in an underground mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the drug delivery tube (6) is Φ25-100 mm, the outer diameter is Φ32-110 mm, and the drug roll filling length of the drug delivery tube (6) is 0.5-4 m.

7. A method for automatically loading small cartridges into blast holes in an underground mine according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that: The natural shape of the expansion body (7) is one of a column, a table, a sphere, and a bowl, the expansion coefficient is 1 to 5 times, the free length of the expansion body is 100 to 500 mm, and the diameter is Φ25 to 150 mm.

8. A method for automatically loading small cartridges into blast holes in underground mines as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The speed in step 7) is controlled at 0.5-5 m / s.

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