High temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell test bench with fluid high-low temperature conversion module

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of proton exchange membrane fuel cell testing, and discloses a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell testing table with a fluid high-low temperature conversion module. The existing low-temperature stack detection device is used to control and process the flow and pressure of the oxidant and fuel fluid into the stack with the original function. The fluid is preliminarily controlled within the rated maximum temperature of the low-temperature testing table. After the conversion module, the temperature is raised to the high-temperature condition of the high-temperature stack. The oxidant and fuel fluid out of the stack are cooled to not higher than the maximum rated temperature of the low-temperature testing table through the conversion module, and then enter the low-temperature testing table. The high-temperature coolant of the high-temperature stack is transferred to the low-temperature testing table through the intermediate conversion module. The external cooling source circulating water used by the low-temperature testing table does not directly exchange heat with the coolant of the high-temperature stack, thereby reducing the manufacturing complexity of a single device, shortening the manufacturing cycle, reducing the investment cost of new equipment, and facilitating inspection and maintenance.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of testing high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and relates to a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell test bench with a fluid high-low temperature conversion module, in particular to a detection technology of adding a temperature conversion device between a low-temperature stack test bench and a measured high-temperature cell. BACKGROUND

[0002] The development and production detection and processing of hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) need to use test benches. According to the operating temperature of the stack, it can be divided into low-temperature stack (LT-PEMFC) and high-temperature stack (HT-PEMFC), and the temperature dividing line is generally 100℃ according to the boiling point of water at normal temperature and pressure. The coolant medium is pure water or coolant containing ethylene glycol, heat-conducting oil with a boiling point higher than the operating temperature of the stack, etc. The detection work on low-temperature stacks has far exceeded that on high-temperature stacks.

[0003] In addition, one of the characteristics of high-temperature stacks is that water humidification is generally not used for the cathode and anode gases.

[0004] Since the detection of high-temperature stacks is less developed, it is costly to establish a complete test bench alone. Low-temperature stack detection equipment is more common, and using an incremental module to solve this problem is a quick, effective and low-cost method, especially in the case of existing low-temperature test benches in the laboratory. In particular, the power of high-temperature stacks is generally small, and some low-power low-temperature test benches are idle, and the transformation of connecting them can be completed more conveniently, and the significance of reusing them is greater. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a detection condition for high-temperature hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) stacks, which is composed of a low-temperature fuel cell (LT-PEMFC) detection device and an intermediate temperature conversion module. Specifically, the existing low-temperature stack test bench is used to control and process the temperature, flow and pressure of the incoming oxidant and fuel fluid with the original function. The fluid is preliminarily heated to the maximum temperature that can be handled by the low-temperature test bench, and then heated to the high-temperature condition of the high-temperature stack through the conversion module and enters the high-temperature stack. The oxidant and fuel fluid out of the high-temperature stack are cooled to a condition not higher than the rated maximum temperature that can be handled by the low-temperature test bench through the conversion module, and then enter the low-temperature test bench. The high-temperature coolant of the high-temperature stack is transferred to the low-temperature test bench through the conversion module, and the external cooling water used by the low-temperature test bench does not directly exchange heat with the coolant of the high-temperature stack.

[0006] The application uses existing devices to complete the detection of high-temperature fuel cells by using an incremental conversion module, reduces the manufacturing complexity of a single device, shortens the manufacturing cycle, and reduces the test cost, and is convenient to check and maintain.

[0007] In the application, the low-temperature test bench controls the pressure and flow of fuel and oxidant, controls gas humidification, controls exhaust, controls cooling circulation, and the like, which are known test bench technologies of existing stacks, and specifically include related flow detection or controllers, temperature detectors, pressure detectors, humidity detectors, heaters, water supplementers, valves, water separators, expansion tanks, thermal insulation materials, and the like.

[0008] The high-temperature heat-conducting oil circulating pump uses a specific heat-conducting oil specified for the to-be-detected high-temperature stack, avoids the problem that the medium performance is different from the nature of the heat-conducting oil actually used by the high-temperature stack, and affects the determination of the real performance of the stack, and avoids the problem of pollution or corrosion.

[0009] The high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell test bench with a fluid high-low temperature conversion module, wherein the lower half is modified: the test bench cooling water circulating pump is connected with the test bench heat exchanger, a high-temperature heat exchanger is connected between the pipes of the two, the high-temperature heat exchanger is connected with the stack coolant outlet through pipes, a stop valve is arranged between the pipes of the high-temperature heat exchanger and the stack coolant outlet, the high-temperature heat exchanger is sequentially connected with a high-temperature heat-conducting oil circulating pump, a heat-conducting oil high-temperature preheater, and a stack coolant inlet pipe, a bypass valve is connected between the high-temperature heat exchanger and the high-temperature heat-conducting oil circulating pump, and the other end of the bypass valve is connected with the stack coolant outlet through a pipe; the upper half is modified: an oxidant gas outlet of the stack is connected with an oxidant gas tail gas discharge controller through a pipe, an oxidant gas inlet of the stack is connected with an oxidant gas source through a pipe, a fuel gas outlet of the stack is connected with a fuel gas tail gas discharge controller through a pipe, and a fuel gas inlet of the stack is connected with a fuel gas humidification and temperature increasing controller through a pipe.

[0010] Further, the oxidant gas inlet high-temperature heater is connected with the oxidant gas source through a pipe, and the fuel gas inlet high-temperature heater is connected with the fuel gas humidification and temperature increasing controller through a pipe.

[0011] Further, the oxidant gas inlet high-temperature heater is connected with the oxidant gas source through a pipe, and the fuel gas inlet high-temperature heater is connected with the fuel gas humidification and temperature increasing controller through a pipe.

[0012] Further, the upper half modification can also be: the pipeline between the stack oxidant gas outlet and the oxidant gas tail gas emission controller, the pipeline between the stack oxidant gas inlet and the oxidant gas source, while connecting the oxidant high-temperature heat exchanger, the pipeline between the stack fuel gas outlet and the fuel gas tail gas emission controller, and the pipeline between the stack fuel gas inlet and the fuel gas humidification and temperature control controller, while connecting the fuel high-temperature heat exchanger.

[0013] Further, the high-temperature heat conducting oil circulating pump is preferably a frequency conversion centrifugal pump with controllable rotating speed.

[0014] The above-mentioned object of the present application is achieved by the following technical solutions.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0016] 1) By utilizing the existing device for modification, the manufacturing complexity of a single device is reduced, the manufacturing cycle is shortened, and the testing cost is reduced;

[0017] 2) The original device structure is adopted in an incremental manner, and the inspection and maintenance are relatively convenient;

[0018] 3) After removing the conversion module, the device can still be normally used for testing of conventional low-temperature stacks, and has strong versatility;

[0019] 4) The testing problem of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells is solved at a relatively small cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] The present application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the basic structure of the original low-temperature stack test bench;

[0022] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the basic structure of the high-temperature stack test bench formed by inserting the intermediate conversion module;

[0023] Figure 3 is another schematic diagram of the basic structure of the high-temperature stack test bench formed by inserting the intermediate conversion module;

[0024] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure for simplifying the temperature treatment of the anode and cathode gases and adding a bypass circulation of the high-temperature coolant;

[0025] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the basic structure for increasing the high-temperature humidity.

[0026] Figure: 01, fuel pressure and flow controller; 02, fuel gas source; 03, fuel gas humidification and temperature controller; 04, fuel gas tail gas emission controller; 05, fuel gas emission controller; 06, oxidant pressure and flow controller; 07, oxidant gas source; 08, oxidant gas humidification and temperature controller; 09, oxidant gas tail gas emission controller; 10, oxidant gas emission controller; 11, external cooling water out heat exchanger; 12, external cooling water in heat exchanger; 13, external cooling water controller; 14, test bench heat exchanger; 15, test bench cooling water circulating pump; 16, test bench demarcation; 17, stack coolant outlet; 18, stack coolant inlet; 19, low temperature stack; 20, stack fuel gas inlet; 21, stack fuel gas outlet; 22, stack oxidant gas inlet; 23, stack oxidant gas outlet; 24, fuel gas in stack high temperature heater; 25, oxidant gas in stack high temperature heater; 26, fuel high temperature gas emission cooling heat exchanger; 27, oxidant high temperature gas emission cooling heat exchanger; 28, high temperature heat exchanger; 29, stop valve; 30, bypass valve; 31, high temperature heat conducting oil circulating pump; 32, heat conducting oil high temperature in stack preheater; 33, conversion module demarcation; 34, high temperature stack; 35, fuel high temperature heat exchanger; 36, oxidant high temperature heat exchanger; 37, deionized water tank; 38, metering pump A; 39, metering pump B. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to better understand the present application, the following will be described in combination with the drawings, including a schematic diagram of a conventional low temperature stack (LT-PEMFC) test bench basic structure, as a brief description of the basis of the present application, and the technical content will be described through examples, but not limited to the protection scope of the present application.

[0028] Reference Example

[0029] Reference Figure 1 .

[0030] The test bench (detection system) of the low temperature fuel cell includes fluid, electricity, communication, and the present application focuses on the temperature conversion technology of the fluid, and the electricity and communication parts known in the conventional technology are omitted, so as to make the content of the application clear.

[0031] For the fluid part, the test bench used in the present application includes the temperature, humidity, pressure and flow control of the raw hydrogen and oxidant air, and also includes the temperature, pressure and flow control of the coolant. The test bench and the measured low temperature stack 19 are divided by the test bench demarcation 16.

[0032] Fuel from fuel gas source 02, through fuel pressure and flow controller 01, fuel gas humidification controller 03, into the stack fuel gas inlet 20 of the stack 19; low temperature stack 19 after the reaction of fuel gas through the stack fuel gas outlet 21, under the processing and control of fuel gas emission controller 05, through the fuel gas tail gas emission controller 04, complete the fuel hydrogen process. Fuel hydrogen temperature is room temperature to 80℃, the pressure is 20-300kPag, humidity is RH0-100%.

[0033] Oxidant from oxidant gas source 07, through the oxidant pressure and flow controller 06, oxidant gas humidification controller 08, into the stack oxidant gas inlet 22 of the low temperature stack 19; low temperature stack 19 after the reaction of oxidant gas through the stack oxidant gas outlet 23, under the processing and control of oxidant gas emission controller 10, through the oxidant gas tail gas emission controller 09, complete the oxidant air process. Oxidant air temperature is room temperature to 80℃, the pressure is 20-300kPag, humidity is RH0-100%.

[0034] Test bench heat exchanger 14 by external source of cold water circulation, the heat of the stack 19 to the outside. Test bench heat exchanger 14 cold side using external source of cooling water controller 13 control of external source of cooling water into the heat exchanger 12, so as to enter the test bench heat exchanger 14, external source of cooling water out of the heat exchanger 11 from the test bench heat exchanger 14; test bench heat exchanger 14 hot side using test bench cooling water circulating pump 15 control of the stack cooling water from the stack coolant inlet 18 into the low temperature stack 19, from the stack coolant outlet 17 from the low temperature stack 19, return to the test bench heat exchanger 14. External source of cold water circulation temperature is 7-20℃, test bench cooling water circulating pump 15 to the low temperature stack 19 provides stack coolant circulation, the circulation amount is determined by the stack parameters, the external source of cold water flow is determined by the stack coolant inlet and outlet temperature, which is generally 50-80℃.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] Reference Figure 2On the basis of the reference example, i.e. on the basis of the original test bench, a conversion module is inserted between the test bench and the high-temperature stack 34, using the test bench boundary 16 and the conversion module boundary (33) as a reference, the conversion module comprising a fuel gas inlet stack high-temperature heater 24 of the fuel hydrogen line, a fuel high-temperature gas discharge heat exchanger 26, an oxidant gas inlet stack high-temperature heater 25 of the oxidant air line, an oxidant high-temperature gas discharge heat exchanger 27, a high-temperature heat exchanger 28 of the cooling line, a high-temperature heat transfer oil circulating pump 29, and further comprising a heat transfer oil high-temperature inlet stack preheater 32, a stop valve 29, and a bypass valve 30 for starting the high-temperature stack 34. The high-temperature heat exchanger 28 has a high-temperature heat transfer oil circulating pump 31 connected in series on the hot side, and a circuit formed by the high-temperature heat exchanger 28, the stack coolant inlet 18, the stack coolant outlet 17, the stop valve 29, and the return to the high-temperature heat exchanger 28; a branch is connected to the circuit between the stack coolant outlet 17 and the stop valve 29, and a branch is also connected to the circuit between the high-temperature heat exchanger 28 and the high-temperature heat transfer oil circulating pump 31, both branches being connected to the bypass valve 30 to form a branch, and the bypass valve 30 controls the opening and closing of the branch. The high-temperature heat transfer oil circulating pump 31 is preferably a frequency-controlled centrifugal pump.

[0037] When the high-temperature stack 34 is started, the stack temperature is heated using the above-mentioned branch by opening the bypass valve 30, closing the stop valve 29, starting the high-temperature heat transfer oil circulating pump 31, and starting the power supply of the heat transfer oil high-temperature inlet stack preheater 32; when the temperature of the high-temperature stack 34 reaches the set temperature of the stack operating conditions, the power supply of the heat transfer oil high-temperature inlet stack preheater 32 is turned off, the stop valve 29 is opened, the bypass valve 30 is closed, and the power generation of the high-temperature stack 34 is started, and the cooling circuit controls the temperature of the high-temperature stack 34 in the operating state.

[0038] During the operation of the high-temperature stack 34, the fuel, oxidant, and coolant processed by the test bench are exchanged with the high-temperature stack 34 in the intermediate conversion module.

[0039] The fuel high-temperature gas discharge heat exchanger 26 and the oxidant high-temperature gas discharge heat exchanger 27 use external cooling circulating water as a cold source to reduce the temperature of the fuel high-temperature gas discharge and the temperature of the oxidant high-temperature gas.

[0040] The test bench provides fuel gas temperature from room temperature to 80℃, pressure from 20 to 300 kPag, optionally with humidity control, humidity from RH 0 to 100%; the fuel gas passes through the fuel gas into stack high temperature heater 32, the fuel gas temperature is raised to the required temperature into the stack, the specific range is 100 to 200℃; optionally, with further increase in water humidity control, humidity from RH 0 to 100%; the fuel tail gas out of the stack passes through the fuel high temperature gas discharge cooling heat exchanger 26, and is reduced to 50 to 80℃, enters the test bench, and the test bench processes the anode tail gas after cooling under the original conditions. The cooling source is the cold water provided by the test bench.

[0041] The test bench provides oxidant air temperature from room temperature to 80℃, pressure from 20 to 300 kPag, optionally with humidity control, humidity from RH 0 to 100%; the oxidant air passes through the air into stack high temperature heater 25, the oxidant air temperature is raised to the required temperature into the stack, the specific range is 100 to 200℃; optionally, with further increase in water humidity control, humidity from RH 0 to 100%; the oxidant tail gas out of the stack passes through the oxidant high temperature gas discharge cooling heat exchanger 27, and is reduced to 50 to 80℃, enters the test bench, and the test bench processes the cathode tail gas after cooling under the original conditions. The cooling source is the cold water provided by the test bench.

[0042] The test bench coolant circulating pump 15 provides the cold end circulation of the high temperature heat exchanger 28, the circulation temperature is 50 to 80℃; the high temperature heat conducting oil circulating pump 31 provides the heat end heat conducting oil circulation power of the high temperature heat exchanger 28, the circulation temperature is 100 to 200℃. Through the high temperature heat exchanger 28, the high temperature heat of the high temperature stack 34 is transferred into low temperature heat of 50 to 80℃ which can be processed by the test bench, and is transferred to the test bench heat exchanger 14 through the coolant pipeline between the test bench and the module by the test bench cooling water circulating pump 15, and the test bench further transfers the heat to the external circulating cooling water through the test bench heat exchanger 14.

[0043] The various fluid connection pipes of the high temperature stack 34 into the stack and out of the stack are preferably stainless steel pipes, and at least each pipe has a section of stainless steel thin-walled corrugated pipe.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] Reference Figure 3 Different from example 1, the fuel high temperature heat exchanger 35 and the oxidant high temperature heat exchanger 36 are added for high temperature tail gas heat utilization of the high temperature stack 34, the fuel gas and the oxidant gas heated by the test bench are further heated by the high temperature tail gas out of the stack, the power consumption of the fuel gas into stack high temperature heater 24 and the oxidant gas into stack high temperature heater 25 is reduced, and the electric power for heating is saved.

[0046] Example 3

[0047] Referring to Figure 4 , the detection of high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell without humidification and preheating by using the heat of stack tail gas.

[0048] The control without humidification includes stopping the humidification function of the humidification and temperature increasing controller 03 of the fuel gas and the humidification and temperature increasing controller 08 of the oxidant gas in the test bench, and keeping the temperature increasing heating control of the fuel and the oxidant.

[0049] Compared with the embodiment 2, the high temperature heat exchanger 35 of the fuel and the high temperature heat exchanger 36 of the oxidant are kept for the utilization of the high temperature tail gas heat of the high temperature stack 34, the further temperature increasing of the fuel and the oxidant after the high temperature heat exchange is cancelled, and the further temperature decreasing of the discharged tail gas after the heat exchange is cancelled.

[0050] The flow controllable bypass valve 30 is used in the heat conducting oil circulation loop, when the high temperature stack 34 needs small flow of the heat conducting oil and maintains high temperature, the flow of the heat conducting oil into the high temperature heat exchanger 28 is branched, and the heat transfer to the high temperature stack 34 is reduced.

[0051] This example is particularly suitable for large power, continuous long time operation, including life and repeated working condition test, to save power consumption.

[0052] Embodiment 4

[0053] Referring to Figure 5 , and referring to Figure 3 , the high temperature stack generally does not use humidification technology, and this example is used to optionally increase the humidity of the high temperature gas into the stack.

[0054] Under the condition of constant pressure, since the humidity provided by the test bench is at the output of the test bench, the temperature is increased after the intermediate conversion module, and the relative humidity is reduced, if the relative humidity is lower than the requirement of the high temperature stack, the water amount needs to be increased and evaporated into gas state.

[0055] The intermediate conversion module has a hydrogen ion water storage tank 35, a metering pump A 36 and a metering pump B 37, the hydrogen ion water storage tank 35 provides deionized water to the metering pump A 36 and the metering pump B 37, the metering pump A 36 sprays water mist into the fuel gas for humidification through the pipeline at the lower end of the fuel high temperature heat exchanger 35, the metering pump B 37 sprays water mist into the oxidant gas for humidification through the pipeline at the lower end of the oxidant high temperature heat exchanger 36, and the added water amount is obtained according to calculation.

[0056] According to the relative humidity saturation degree at the target temperature, the molar flow of the added water for the anode and the cathode is respectively:

[0057] Fw = Fac * Pw * RHac / (Ps - Pw * RHac)

[0058] wherein:

[0059] Fw, raw material dry gas molar flow rate (anode gas or cathode gas);

[0060] Ps, total pressure (anode gas or cathode gas);

[0061] Pw, target water-saturated vapor pressure at a set stack temperature;

[0062] RHac, target value of relative saturation under the condition.

[0063] The above-described embodiments are merely specific configurations of the present application, and are not all examples of the present application that can be implemented. Any obvious modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application should be considered to be within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell test bench with a fluid high-low temperature conversion module, characterized in that, The lower half of the modification involves: connecting the test bench cooling water circulation pump (15) to the test bench heat exchanger (14) via a pipeline; connecting a high-temperature heat exchanger (28) between the two pipelines; connecting the high-temperature heat exchanger (28) to the fuel cell coolant outlet (17) via a pipeline; installing a shut-off valve (29) on the pipeline between the high-temperature heat exchanger (28) and the fuel cell coolant outlet (17); connecting the high-temperature heat exchanger (28) sequentially to the high-temperature thermal oil circulation pump (31), the high-temperature thermal oil preheater (32), and the fuel cell coolant inlet (18) via a pipeline; and connecting the high-temperature heat exchanger (28) to the high-temperature thermal oil circulation pump (31) via a bypass valve (30); with the other end of the bypass valve (30) connected to a pipe. The pipeline is connected to the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack (17); the upper half modification: the pipeline between the fuel cell stack oxidant gas outlet (23) and the oxidant gas exhaust controller (09) is connected to the oxidant high temperature gas exhaust cooling heat exchanger (27), the pipeline between the fuel cell stack oxidant gas inlet (22) and the oxidant gas source (08) is connected to the oxidant gas inlet high temperature heater (25), the pipeline between the fuel cell stack fuel gas outlet (21) and the fuel gas exhaust controller (04) is connected to the fuel high temperature gas exhaust cooling heat exchanger (26), and the pipeline between the fuel cell stack fuel gas inlet (20) and the fuel gas humidification and heating controller (03) is connected to the fuel gas inlet high temperature heater (24).

2. The high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell test bench with a fluid high-low temperature conversion module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pipeline between the oxidant gas inlet high-temperature heater (25) and the oxidant gas source (08) is connected to the oxidant high-temperature heat exchanger (36), and the pipeline between the fuel gas inlet high-temperature heater (24) and the fuel gas humidification and heating controller (03) is connected to the fuel high-temperature heat exchanger (35).

3. The high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell test bench with a fluid high-low temperature conversion module as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The oxidant high-temperature heat exchanger (36) and the fuel high-temperature heat exchanger (35) are respectively connected to the deionized water tank (37) through pipes. The pipe between the oxidant high-temperature heat exchanger (36) and the deionized water tank (37) is equipped with a metering pump B (39), and the pipe between the fuel high-temperature heat exchanger (35) and the deionized water tank (37) is equipped with a metering pump A (38).

4. The high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell test bench with a fluid high-low temperature conversion module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The upper half of the modification is replaced by: the pipeline between the fuel cell stack oxidant gas outlet (23) and the oxidant gas exhaust controller (09), the pipeline between the fuel cell stack oxidant gas inlet (22) and the oxidant gas source (08), and the oxidant high-temperature heat exchanger (36) connected at the same time, the pipeline between the fuel cell stack fuel gas outlet (21) and the fuel gas exhaust controller (04), and the pipeline between the fuel cell stack fuel gas inlet (20) and the fuel gas humidification and heating controller (03), and the fuel high-temperature heat exchanger (35) connected at the same time.

5. The high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell test bench with a fluid high-low temperature conversion module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The high-temperature heat transfer oil circulating pump (31) is a frequency-adjustable centrifugal pump with controllable speed.

Images