Spindle sealing and lubrication structure and electric spindle using the same

Abstract

The present invention provides a sealing and lubricating structure for a spindle and an electric spindle using the structure, and relates to the technical field of electric spindles. Among them, a sealing and lubricating structure for a spindle includes: a front-end oil-gas lubrication circuit, connected to the oil-gas inlet and the oil-gas outlet; a rear-end oil-gas lubrication circuit, connected to the oil-gas inlet and the oil-gas outlet; a front-end airtight circuit, connected to the gas path inlet; a rear-end airtight circuit, connected to the gas path inlet; a front-end airtight component, arranged at the end of the front-end airtight circuit; a rear-end airtight component, arranged at the end of the rear-end airtight circuit. And an electric spindle, which adopts the above-mentioned air sealing and oil-gas lubrication combined structure. Based on the technical solution of the present invention, the impurity removal rate, oil-gas lubrication efficiency and oil-gas utilization rate are guaranteed, and the service life of the bearings is extended.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electric spindles, and in particular to a sealing and lubricating structure of a spindle and an electric spindle using the structure. Background Art

[0002] Currently, most spindle internal air seals and oil-gas lubrication systems utilize channels through the spindle's rear end face to inlet and outlet oil and gas to lubricate bearing components. High-speed air is then introduced directly into the seal gap of the spindle's front rotating element to isolate external impurities. Therefore, the spindle's air seal and oil-gas lubrication structure directly impact the spindle's air seal and bearing lubrication effectiveness.

[0003] Chinese patent application CN203533165U discloses a lubrication structure for electric spindle bearings. This structure creates oil and gas return channels in the bearing outer ring gland and bearing seat, allowing oil and gas that have already been lubricated to flow back through the bearing for secondary lubrication. This structure involves numerous structural components with holes, resulting in complex machining processes and difficulty maintaining reasonable assembly precision. Furthermore, without a sealing structure to guide the lubrication, it cannot be used for a long time.

[0004] Another Chinese patent, with authorization publication number CN203717665U, discloses a bearing lubrication structure for an electric spindle. This structure lubricates the bearings, stator, and shaft core by creating chambers on the spindle sleeve to hold lubricating oil for each bearing. This structure, which lubricates the spindle stator, bearings, and other components, is overly simplistic in its lubrication and oil return and recovery mechanisms. This can lead to the actual flow of lubricating oil diverging from the intended flow during spindle operation. Furthermore, the numerous oil-gas lubrication seals involved make assembly precision difficult to control, and prolonged use can reduce the efficiency of this structure.

[0005] The electric spindle's air seal and oil-gas lubrication structure consists of a main air seal channel and multiple parallel oil-gas lubrication channels. The main air seal channel is typically a single axial channel that ultimately enters the gap between the front shaft core and the ventilation system. The multiple oil-gas lubrication channels are axially branched inlet and outlet flow channels that ultimately enter the bearings to lubricate them. Conventional channel designs typically focus on the individual roles of the two channels, while neglecting their combined role. This results in low air seal efficiency and oil-gas utilization in existing electric spindles, as well as relatively insufficient channel utilization and impurity removal rates. Furthermore, the separate roles of the two channels can lead to residual oil and gas waste and motor contamination. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention provides a main shaft sealing and lubrication structure and an electric main shaft using the structure, which are used to solve the problems of low gas sealing efficiency and oil and gas utilization rate of existing electric main shafts. Through the combined effect of gas sealing and oil and gas lubrication, the utilization rate of the channel inside the electric main shaft and the impurity removal rate are greatly improved, and the waste of residual oil and gas and motor pollution are avoided.

[0007] In one aspect, the present invention provides a sealing and lubricating structure for a main shaft, wherein the main shaft includes a front bearing and a rear bearing, and is provided with an oil and gas inlet, an air path inlet, and an oil and gas outlet, respectively. The combined action structure further includes:

[0008] a front oil-gas lubrication circuit, connected to the oil-gas inlet and the oil-gas outlet, for oil-gas lubrication of the front bearing;

[0009] a rear end oil-gas lubrication circuit, connected to the oil-gas inlet and the oil-gas outlet, for oil-gas lubrication of the rear bearing;

[0010] A front-end airtight circuit, connected to the air circuit inlet, for airtight sealing of the front-end oil-gas lubrication circuit;

[0011] a rear airtight circuit, connected to the air circuit inlet, for airtight sealing of the front oil-air lubrication circuit; and

[0012] A front-end airtight component is provided at the end of the front-end airtight circuit and is used to cooperate with the front-end airtight circuit to perform airtight sealing on the front-end oil-gas lubrication circuit;

[0013] The rear end airtight component is arranged at the end of the rear end airtight circuit and is used to cooperate with the rear end airtight circuit to perform airtight sealing on the rear end oil and gas lubrication circuit.

[0014] In one embodiment, the main shaft includes a main shaft sleeve and a front bearing seat; the oil and gas inlet includes an oil pipe joint provided on the main shaft, and the front oil and gas lubrication circuit includes:

[0015] a first lubrication channel, provided inside the spindle sleeve and connected to the oil pipe joint;

[0016] a second lubrication channel disposed inside the front end bearing seat and communicating with the first lubrication channel; and

[0017] The first oil outlet is arranged on the inner side of the front end bearing seat, one side of which is connected to the second lubrication channel, and the other side of which is connected to the area where the front bearing is located.

[0018] Through this embodiment, the oil and gas for lubrication enter the first lubrication channel from the oil pipe joint, then flow into the first oil outlet through the second lubrication channel, and finally flow to the front bearing position through the first oil outlet to realize oil and gas lubrication of the front bearing.

[0019] In one embodiment, a first outer spacer ring is fixed on the inner side of the front end bearing seat, a first oil channel connected to the first oil outlet is opened inside the first outer spacer ring, and at least one first oil distribution port connected to the first oil channel is provided on the first outer spacer ring; the first oil channel is connected to the area where the front bearing is located through the first oil distribution port.

[0020] Through this embodiment, after entering the first oil outlet, the oil and gas will flow into the first oil channel connected thereto, and finally flow out through the first oil distribution port to the position of the front bearing, thereby realizing oil and gas lubrication of the front bearing.

[0021] In one embodiment, the oil and gas outlet includes an oil outlet joint provided on the main shaft; the front-end oil and gas lubrication circuit includes:

[0022] A first oil return channel is provided inside the front bearing seat and is in communication with the area where the front bearing is located;

[0023] The second oil return channel is arranged inside the main shaft sleeve, one side of which is connected to the first oil return channel, and the other side of which is connected to the oil outlet joint.

[0024] Through this embodiment, after oil and gas lubrication is achieved for the front bearing, most of the oil and gas well flows out of the first oil return channel and flows into the second oil return channel, and is finally discharged through the oil outlet joint to achieve recycling.

[0025] In one embodiment, the main shaft further includes a front flange; the front airtight circuit includes:

[0026] a first air flow channel, disposed inside the spindle sleeve and connected to the air path inlet;

[0027] a second air flow channel, disposed inside the front end bearing seat and communicating with the first air flow channel;

[0028] The third air flow channel is arranged inside the front end flange, one side of which is connected to the second air flow channel, and the other side is connected to the front end airtight component.

[0029] Through this embodiment, high-speed gas is discharged into the first air flow channel from the air path inlet, and then flows to the front-end airtight component through the second air flow channel and the third air flow channel, and then the front-end oil and gas lubrication circuit is air-sealed through the front-end airtight component.

[0030] In one embodiment, the front-end air-tight assembly includes a front-end spacer ring arranged on the inner side of the front-end bearing seat, the front-end spacer ring separates the front-end oil-gas lubrication circuit and the front-end air-tight circuit, and the channel of the front-end air-tight circuit close to the front-end spacer ring is set with a reduced diameter.

[0031] Through this embodiment, when the high-speed gas flows to the front-end spacer ring position, the air pressure at the front-end spacer ring position is relatively high because the channel of the front-end air-tight circuit close to the front-end spacer ring is set with a reduced diameter; at this time, the gas penetrates through the gap of the front-end spacer ring, and can achieve airtight sealing of the front-end oil and gas lubrication circuit.

[0032] In one embodiment, the front-end airtight assembly also includes a first front-end airtight ring arranged on the inner side of the front-end flange, and a first airtight channel connected to the third airflow channel is opened inside the first front-end airtight ring, and the first airtight channel extends to the front-end spacer ring away from the side of the third airflow channel.

[0033] Through this embodiment, high-speed gas will flow into the gap of the front spacer ring through the first front air sealing ring, ensuring the air sealing effect, effectively isolating external impurities, and improving the discharge efficiency of the main lubricating oil and gas, ensuring the oil and gas utilization rate.

[0034] In one embodiment, the front-end airtight assembly also includes a second front-end airtight ring arranged on the inner side of the front-end flange, and a second airtight channel connected to the third airflow channel is opened inside the second front-end airtight ring, and the second airtight channel extends away from the side of the third airtight channel to the front-end axis core of the main shaft.

[0035] Through this embodiment, high-speed gas will flow into the second front-end air-sealing ring, and then flow through the second front-end air-sealing ring to the gap of the main shaft core, thereby achieving air sealing for the main shaft core, preventing external impurities from entering the main shaft, and further improving the oil and gas discharge efficiency of the front-end oil and gas lubrication circuit, thereby improving the oil and gas lubrication efficiency and oil and gas utilization rate.

[0036] In one embodiment, a front oil and gas recovery channel connected to the area where the front bearing is located is further provided inside the front bearing seat, and the front oil and gas recovery channel is also connected to the first oil channel on the first outer spacer ring.

[0037] Through this implementation, under the action of the front-end air-tight circuit and the front-end air-tight components, the oil and gas discharge efficiency of the front-end oil and gas lubrication circuit is improved; at the same time, affected by the high-speed gas, part of the oil and gas will flow back into the first oil channel through the front-end oil and gas recovery channel, and the front bearing will be lubricated with oil and gas again, realizing the secondary utilization of the front-end oil and gas lubrication, further improving the oil and gas utilization rate, and ensuring the oil and gas lubrication effect.

[0038] In one embodiment, the main shaft further includes a rear end flange and a rear end bearing seat; the oil and gas inlet includes a rear end oil and gas inlet provided on the main shaft; the rear end oil and gas lubrication circuit includes:

[0039] a third lubrication channel, which is provided on the rear end flange and communicates with the rear end oil and gas inlet;

[0040] a fourth lubrication passage, disposed inside the rear end bearing seat and communicating with the third lubrication passage; and

[0041] The second oil outlet is arranged on the inner side of the rear end bearing seat, one side of which is connected to the third lubrication channel, and the other side is connected to the area where the rear bearing is located.

[0042] Through this embodiment, oil and gas enter the third lubrication channel through the rear end oil and gas inlet, and then flow into the second oil outlet through the fourth lubrication channel, and finally flow to the area where the rear bearing is located, realizing oil and gas lubrication of the rear bearing.

[0043] In one embodiment, a second outer spacer ring is fixed on the inner side of the rear end bearing seat, a second oil channel connected to the second oil outlet is opened inside the second outer spacer ring, and at least one second oil distribution port connected to the second oil channel is provided on the second outer spacer ring; the second oil channel is connected to the area where the rear bearing is located through the second oil distribution port.

[0044] Through this embodiment, when the oil and gas flow to the second oil outlet, they will flow into the second oil channel through the second oil outlet, and then be discharged through the second oil distribution port on the second outer spacer ring, and flow into the area where the rear bearing is located, thereby realizing oil and gas lubrication of the rear bearing.

[0045] In one embodiment, the oil and gas outlet includes a rear end oil and gas outlet provided on the main shaft; the rear end oil and gas lubrication circuit further includes:

[0046] a third oil return channel, provided inside the rear end bearing seat and connected to the area where the rear bearing is located;

[0047] The fourth oil return channel is opened on the rear end flange, one side of which is connected to the third oil return channel, and the other side is connected to the rear end oil and gas outlet.

[0048] Through this embodiment, after the rear bearing is lubricated with oil and gas, most of the oil and gas are discharged into the fourth oil return channel through the third oil return channel, and then discharged through the rear end oil and gas outlet, thereby realizing the recycling of oil and gas.

[0049] In one embodiment, the rear end airtight circuit includes a fourth airflow channel arranged inside the main shaft sleeve, one side of the fourth airflow channel is connected to the air path inlet, and the other side is connected to the rear end airtight component.

[0050] Through this embodiment, the gas is discharged into the fourth air flow channel through the air path inlet, and then flows into the rear end airtight component through the fourth air flow channel, and the rear end oil and gas lubrication circuit is airtightly sealed by the rear end airtight component.

[0051] In one embodiment, the rear end airtight assembly includes a rear end spacer ring arranged on the inner side of the rear end bearing seat, the rear end spacer ring separates the rear end oil and gas lubrication circuit and the rear end airtight circuit, and the channel of the rear end airtight circuit close to the rear end spacer ring is set with a reduced diameter.

[0052] Through this embodiment, when the high-speed gas flows to the rear-end spacer ring position, the air pressure at the rear-end spacer ring position is relatively high because the channel of the rear-end airtight circuit close to the rear-end spacer ring is set with a reduced diameter; at this time, the gas penetrates through the gap of the rear-end spacer ring, and can achieve airtight sealing of the rear-end oil and gas lubrication circuit.

[0053] In one embodiment, the rear end airtight assembly also includes a rear end airtight ring arranged on the inner side of the main shaft sleeve, and a rear end airtight channel connected to the fourth air flow channel is opened inside the rear end airtight ring, and the rear end airtight channel extends to the rear end spacer ring away from the side of the fourth air flow channel.

[0054] Through this embodiment, when the high-speed gas flows to the position of the rear end air-tight ring, it flows into the gap of the rear end spacer ring through the rear end air-tight channel, thereby achieving air sealing for the rear end oil-gas lubrication circuit.

[0055] In one embodiment, a rear end oil and gas recovery channel connected to the area where the rear bearing is located is further provided inside the rear end bearing seat, and the rear end oil and gas recovery channel is also connected to the second oil channel on the second outer spacer ring.

[0056] Through this implementation, affected by the rear-end airtight circuit and the rear-end airtight components, the rear-end oil and gas lubrication efficiency and discharge efficiency are greatly improved; at the same time, part of the oil and gas will flow back into the second oil channel through the rear-end oil and gas recovery channel, and the rear bearing will be lubricated with oil and gas again, realizing the secondary utilization of the rear-end oil and gas lubrication, and further improving the oil and gas lubrication efficiency and oil and gas utilization rate.

[0057] Another aspect of the present invention provides an electric spindle, including the above-mentioned sealing and lubricating structure of the spindle.

[0058] In summary, compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are:

[0059] (1) Multiple air-sealing channels are set up at the front and rear positions of the main shaft, and the front and rear air-sealing components are combined to achieve a two-level air seal, thereby improving the impurity removal rate, preventing oil and gas from escaping from the inside of the main shaft, ensuring the oil and gas lubrication efficiency and oil and gas utilization rate, and extending the service life of the bearing;

[0060] (2) By setting a front-end oil and gas recovery channel and a rear-end oil and gas recovery channel at the front and rear positions of the main shaft, the oil and gas that do not flow through the oil and gas lubrication outlet are blocked from flowing out of the main shaft and entering the interior of the motor under the action of the air seal, and are allowed to re-enter the area where the front bearing and the rear bearing are located for secondary oil and gas lubrication, thereby further improving the oil and gas lubrication efficiency and oil and gas utilization rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] The present invention will be described in more detail below based on embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0062] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a front-end oil-gas lubrication circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a front-end airtight circuit and a front-end oil return circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 3 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first front end air sealing ring in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a rear-end oil-gas lubrication circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a rear-end airtight circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 The partial enlarged view of part A is mainly used to show the relative position relationship between the rear-end oil and gas recovery channel and the second outer spacer ring.

[0068] Figure numerals: 100, motor; 200, cylinder barrel; 300, main shaft sleeve; 400, front end bearing seat; 500, front bearing; 600, front end flange; 700, rear end bearing seat; 800, rear bearing; 900, rear end flange; 1, oil pipe joint; 2, first lubrication channel; 3, second lubrication channel; 4, first oil outlet; 5, first outer spacer ring; 51, first oil channel; 52, first oil distribution port; 6, oil outlet hole; 7, first oil return channel; 8, second oil return channel; 9, oil outlet joint; 10, plug; 11, air pipe joint; 12, first air flow channel; 13, second air flow Channel; 14, third air flow channel; 15, front end spacer ring; 16, first front end airtight ring; 161, first airtight channel; 17, second front end airtight ring; 18, front end oil and gas recovery channel; 19, rear end oil and gas inlet; 20, third lubrication channel; 21, fourth lubrication channel; 22, second oil outlet; 23, second outer spacer ring; 24, second oil channel; 25, second oil distribution port; 26, third oil return channel; 27, fourth oil return channel; 28, rear end oil and gas outlet; 29, fourth air flow channel; 30, rear end spacer ring; 31, rear end airtight ring; 32, rear end oil and gas recovery channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] The present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0070] See attached Figure 1 A spindle sealing and lubrication structure is primarily used in electric spindles. The corresponding electric spindle typically includes a motor 100, a cylinder 200, a spindle sleeve 300, a front bearing seat 400, a front bearing, a front flange 600, a rear bearing seat 700, a rear bearing, and a rear flange 900. The positions and connections of these components are known from the prior art and will not be described in detail here. This embodiment focuses on the structure of the air seal and oil-gas lubrication portion of the electric spindle.

[0071] In this embodiment, the combined air-sealing and oil-gas lubrication structure includes an oil-gas inlet, an air-path inlet, and an oil-gas outlet disposed on the main shaft. Furthermore, the main shaft is internally provided with a front-end oil-gas lubrication circuit, a rear-end oil-gas lubrication circuit, a front-end airtight circuit, and a rear-end airtight circuit. A front-end airtight assembly and a rear-end airtight assembly are disposed at the ends of the front-end oil-gas lubrication circuit and the rear-end oil-gas lubrication circuit, respectively. In actual operation, oil and gas flow through the oil-gas inlet into the front-end oil-gas lubrication circuit and the rear-end oil-gas lubrication circuit, respectively providing oil-gas lubrication for the front bearing 500 and the rear bearing 800. High-speed gas flows through the air-path inlet into the front-end airtight circuit and the rear-end airtight circuit, respectively cooperating with the front-end airtight assembly and the rear-end airtight assembly to provide airtight seals for the front-end oil-gas lubrication circuit and the rear-end oil-gas lubrication circuit, preventing impurities from entering the main shaft and ensuring oil-gas lubrication efficiency.

[0072] It should be noted that in the field of electric spindle technology, the descriptions of "front end" and "rear end" both refer to specific directions. This description will continue to be used below and will not be introduced in detail.

[0073] See attached Figure 1-2 The oil and gas inlet comprises an oil pipe joint 1 disposed on the main shaft. For ease of operation, the oil pipe joint 1 is preferably located at the rear end of the main shaft sleeve 300. The front oil and gas lubrication circuit comprises a first lubrication channel 2 disposed within the main shaft sleeve 300 and a second lubrication channel 3 disposed within the front bearing seat 400. One side of the first lubrication channel 2 connects to the oil pipe joint 1 and the other side connects to the second lubrication channel 3. Furthermore, a first oil outlet 4 is provided on the inside of the front bearing seat 400. One side of the first oil outlet 4 connects to the second lubrication channel 3 and the other side corresponds to the area within the main shaft where the front bearing 500 is located.

[0074] In this embodiment, a first outer spacer ring 5 is fixedly mounted on the inner side of the front bearing seat 400. The half-cross-section of the first outer spacer ring 5 can be configured as a truncated cone or conical structure. A first oil passage 51 is defined within the first outer spacer ring 5, which communicates with the first oil outlet 4. Furthermore, at least one first oil distribution port 52 is defined on the first outer spacer ring 5. The first oil passage 51 communicates with the area where the front bearing 500 is located through the first oil distribution port 52. Specifically, since the front bearings 500 in the electric spindle are often arranged in pairs, the first outer spacer ring 5 is preferably disposed between the two front bearings 500, and the first oil distribution ports 52 are preferably symmetrically disposed on the first outer spacer ring 5 along the axis of the spindle. Thus, the first oil distribution ports 52 on both sides will discharge the oil and gas flowing into the first oil passage 51 into the front bearings 500 on both sides, ensuring that both front bearings 500 are adequately lubricated with oil and gas.

[0075] See attached Figure 1-2 To facilitate the discharge of oil and gas from the front-end oil-gas lubrication circuit, a front-end oil return circuit is provided on the side of the front-end bearing seat 400 opposite the location where the oil and gas enter the front bearing 500. This front-end oil return circuit constitutes the oil return channel of the front-end oil-gas lubrication circuit. Specifically, in this embodiment, to facilitate the discharge of oil and gas, an oil outlet hole 6 can be provided on the front-end bearing seat 400. Simultaneously, the front-end oil return circuit includes a first oil return channel 7 disposed within the front-end bearing seat 400 and a second oil return channel 8 disposed within the spindle sleeve 300. The first oil return channel 7 communicates with the area where the front bearing 500 is located through the oil outlet hole 6. The second oil return channel 8 is connected to the first oil return channel 7 on one side and to an oil outlet connector 9 on the spindle sleeve 300 on the other side. Thus, after oil and gas lubrication of the front bearing 500 is achieved, the oil and gas will flow sequentially through the oil outlet hole 6, the first oil return channel 7, and the second oil return channel 8, ultimately being discharged from the oil outlet connector 9 for recycling.

[0076] The above describes the specific structure of the front-end oil and gas lubrication circuit in detail. In its description, it should be noted that when processing the above-mentioned channels, it should be understood that each channel cannot be arbitrarily formed according to the design drawings, and it is also subject to the influence and constraints of the processing technology. At the same time, the position of each channel can also be adjusted according to the actual design requirements, just ensuring that the oil and gas can flow to the designated location as envisioned. Figure 1 As shown, taking the second lubrication channel 3 on the front bearing seat 400 as an example, the second lubrication channel 3 can be configured as an L-shaped structure as a whole; during actual processing and molding, the L-shaped structure is actually composed of two openings. At this time, to ensure the sealing of the flow channel, a plug 10 can be set at the corresponding opening on the front bearing seat 400, thereby ensuring the integrity of the flow channel and the sealing of the flow channel. Therefore, this embodiment focuses on describing the position and direction of each flow channel, and the setting position of each plug 10 will not be described in detail below. Based on the content described in this embodiment and in combination with existing processing technology, standards, and other requirements, those skilled in the art should know how to set the plug 10. Similar structures will not be described in detail below.

[0077] In this embodiment, at the front end of the main shaft, oil-gas lubrication and air sealing work together to ensure the impurity removal rate and oil-gas lubrication efficiency. The specific structure of the front-end airtight circuit and the front-end airtight component will be described below to illustrate its combined action with the above-mentioned front-end oil-gas lubrication circuit.

[0078] See attached Figure 2-3 The air inlet includes an air pipe connector 11 disposed on the main shaft. For ease of operation, the air pipe connector 11 is preferably disposed at the rear end of the main shaft sleeve 300. The front-end airtight circuit includes a first airflow channel 12 disposed within the main shaft sleeve 300, a second airflow channel 13 disposed within the front-end bearing seat 400, and a third airflow channel 14 disposed within the front-end flange 600. One side of the first airflow channel 12 is connected to the air pipe connector 11, and the other side is connected to the second airflow channel 13. The side of the second airflow channel 13 away from the first airflow channel 12 is connected to the third airflow channel 14, and the side of the third airflow channel 14 away from the second airflow channel 13 is connected to the front-end airtight assembly. During operation, high-speed gas flows through the first airflow channel 12, the second airflow channel 13, and the third airflow channel 14 in sequence, and flows into the front-end airtight assembly. The front-end airtight assembly is close to the area where the front bearing 500 is located. The high-speed gas can penetrate the area where the front bearing 500 is located through the gaps between the components and achieve an airtight seal for the front-end oil-gas lubrication circuit.

[0079] In this embodiment, the front-end airtight assembly includes a front-end spacer ring 15 mounted on the main shaft. This spacer ring 15 is located inside the front-end bearing housing 400 and on the side of the front bearing 500 near the front end of the main shaft. The front-end spacer ring 15 separates the area surrounding the front bearing 500 from the front-end airtight circuit, allowing gas to penetrate the area surrounding the front bearing 500 only through the gap between the front-end spacer ring 15 and other components. The passageway in the front-end airtight circuit near the front-end spacer ring 15 can be configured with a tapered design, gradually reducing the diameter of the passageway through which high-speed gas flows. This results in a relatively high gas pressure near the front-end spacer ring 15, ensuring a hermetic seal.

[0080] Specifically, as attached Figure 2-3 As shown, the front-end airtight assembly also includes a first front-end airtight ring 16 arranged on the inner side of the front-end flange 600. The first front-end airtight ring 16 can be a copper ring, or an annular component made of other materials. A first airtight channel 161 is provided inside the first front-end airtight ring 16. One side of the first airtight channel 161 is connected to the third airflow channel 14, and the other side extends to the position of the front-end spacer ring 15. In order to achieve diameter reduction, the diameter of the first airtight channel 161 can be controlled so that its diameter is smaller than the diameter of the third airflow channel 14. In addition, the opening diameter of the first airtight channel 161 close to the front-end spacer ring 15 can be relatively enlarged to facilitate the discharge of gas from the first airtight channel 161. In actual work, the first front-end airtight ring 16 mainly performs air sealing at the position of the front-end spacer ring 15.

[0081] In another embodiment, the front-end airtight assembly further includes a second front-end airtight ring 17 disposed inside the front-end flange 600, with a second airtight channel disposed within the second front-end airtight ring 17. The specific structure of the second front-end airtight ring 17 is the same as that of the first front-end airtight ring 16, and its size can be adjusted according to the specific installation location. The difference between the two is that one side of the second airtight channel is connected to the third airflow channel 14, and the other side extends to the front-end axis of the main shaft. In this case, corresponding to the second front-end airtight ring 17, the third airflow channel 14 can be bifurcated within the front-end flange 600, so that a portion of the high-speed gas flows through the third airflow channel 14 into the first front-end airtight ring 16, and the other portion flows into the second front-end airtight ring 17. In actual operation, the gas discharged from the second airtight ring will pass into the gap between it and the main shaft core, thereby achieving an airtight seal on the gap of the main shaft core, preventing oil and gas from being discharged from the front end of the main shaft and preventing external impurities from entering the main shaft.

[0082] In this embodiment, with the help of the above-mentioned front-end airtight circuit and front-end airtight components, the vast majority of the oil and gas in the front-end oil and gas lubrication circuit will be discharged through the above-mentioned front-end oil return circuit for recycling. To further improve the oil and gas utilization rate, the main shaft is also provided with a front-end oil and gas recovery channel 18 for recovering residual oil and gas. Specifically, the front-end oil and gas recovery channel 18 can be arranged inside the front-end bearing seat 400 and close to the above-mentioned front-end spacer ring 15. One side of the front-end oil and gas recovery channel 18 is connected to the area where the front bearing 500 is located, and the other side is connected to the first oil channel 51 on the above-mentioned first outer spacer ring 5. In this way, the oil and gas remaining at the front end of the main shaft will be affected by the gas flowing out of the gap of the front-end spacer ring 15 and will flow along the front-end oil and gas recovery channel 18 and into the first outer spacer ring 5. Then, it will flow back into the area where the front bearing 500 is located through the first oil distribution port 52 on the first outer spacer ring 5, and the front bearing 500 will be lubricated with oil and gas again, realizing the secondary utilization of the front-end oil and gas lubrication.

[0083] See attached Figure 4 To achieve oil-gas lubrication at the rear end of the main shaft, the oil-gas inlet also includes a rear oil-gas inlet 19 provided on the main shaft; preferably, the rear oil-gas inlet 19 can be provided on the oil cylinder 200 at the rear end of the main shaft. The rear oil-gas lubrication circuit includes a third lubrication channel 20 provided on the rear flange 900 and a fourth lubrication channel 21 provided within the rear end bearing seat 700. The third lubrication channel 20 is connected to the rear oil-gas inlet 19 via a pipeline on one side and to the fourth lubrication channel 21 on the other side. Furthermore, a second oil outlet 22 is provided on the inside of the rear end bearing seat 700. The second oil outlet 22 is connected to the fourth lubrication channel 21 on one side and to the area where the rear bearing 800 is located on the other side.

[0084] In this embodiment, a second outer spacer ring 23 is further fixed to the inner side of the rear bearing seat 700. A second oil passage 24 is defined within the second outer spacer ring 23, communicating with the second oil outlet 22. The second outer spacer ring 23 also includes at least one second oil distribution port 25 connected to the second oil passage 24. The second oil passage 24 communicates with the area where the rear bearing 800 is located via the second oil distribution port 25. Specifically, the arrangement of the second outer spacer ring 23 at the rear end of the spindle can be similar to the arrangement of the first outer spacer ring 5 at the front end of the spindle described above, and will not be further described.

[0085] To facilitate the discharge of oil and gas from the rear-end oil-gas lubrication circuit, a rear-end oil return circuit is provided on the side of the rear-end bearing seat 700 opposite the point where the oil and gas enter the rear bearing 800. This rear-end oil return circuit constitutes the oil return channel of the rear-end oil-gas lubrication circuit. Specifically, in this embodiment, to facilitate the discharge of oil and gas, an oil outlet hole 6 can be provided on the rear-end bearing seat 700. Furthermore, the rear-end oil return circuit includes a third oil return channel 26 disposed within the rear-end bearing seat 700 and a fourth oil return channel 27 disposed on the rear-end flange 900. The third oil return channel 26 communicates with the area where the rear bearing 800 is located through the oil outlet hole 6. The fourth oil return channel 27 is connected to the third oil return channel 26 on one side and to the rear-end oil and gas outlet 28 on the cylinder barrel 200 via a pipeline on the other side. Thus, after lubricating the rear bearing 800 with oil and gas, the oil and gas will flow sequentially through the oil outlet hole 6, the third oil return channel 26, and the fourth oil return channel 27, ultimately being discharged from the rear-end oil and gas outlet 28, achieving recycling.

[0086] In this embodiment, at the rear end of the main shaft, oil-gas lubrication and air sealing also work together to further ensure the impurity removal rate and oil-gas lubrication efficiency. The specific structure of the rear end airtight circuit and the rear end airtight component will be described below to illustrate its combined action with the above-mentioned rear end oil-gas lubrication circuit.

[0087] See attached Figure 5 The above-mentioned rear-end airtight circuit includes a fourth airflow channel 29 provided inside the main shaft sleeve 300; one side of the fourth airflow channel 29 is connected to the air pipe connector 11, and the other side is connected to the rear-end airtight component. During operation, high-speed gas enters the fourth airflow channel 29 through the air pipe connector 11, and flows into the rear-end airtight component through the fourth airflow channel 29. The rear-end airtight component is close to the area where the rear bearing 800 is located. The high-speed gas can penetrate into the area where the rear bearing 800 is located through the gaps between the components and realize airtight sealing of the rear-end oil and gas lubrication circuit. It should be noted that the air pipe connector 11 connected to the fourth airflow channel 29 and the air pipe connector 11 connected to the first airflow channel 12 can be the same or two different connectors, and the specific selection can be based on design requirements.

[0088] In this embodiment, the rear-end airtight assembly includes a rear-end spacer ring 30 mounted on the main shaft. This spacer ring 30 is located inside the rear-end bearing seat 700 and on the side of the rear bearing 800 near the front-end bearing seat 400. The rear-end spacer ring 30 separates the area surrounding the rear-end bearing 800 from the rear-end airtight circuit, allowing gas to penetrate the area surrounding the rear-end bearing 800 only through the gap between the rear-end spacer ring 30 and other components. The passageway in the rear-end airtight circuit near the rear-end spacer ring 30 can be configured with a tapered design, gradually reducing the diameter of the passageway through which high-speed gas flows. This results in a relatively high gas pressure near the front-end spacer ring 15, ensuring a hermetic seal.

[0089] Specifically, the rear end airtight assembly also includes a rear end airtight ring 31 arranged on the inner side of the main shaft sleeve 300. The rear end airtight ring 31 can be a copper ring, or an annular component made of other materials. A rear end airtight channel is provided inside the rear end airtight ring 31. One side of the rear end airtight channel is connected to the fourth airflow channel 29, and the other side extends to the position of the rear end spacer ring 30. The specific structure of the rear end airtight ring 31 can refer to the setting of the first front end airtight ring 16 mentioned above, and will not be described in detail. In order to achieve diameter reduction, the diameter of the rear end airtight channel can be controlled so that its diameter is smaller than the diameter of the fourth airflow channel 29. In addition, the opening diameter of the rear end airtight channel close to the rear end spacer ring 30 can be relatively enlarged to facilitate the discharge of gas from the rear end airtight channel. In actual work, the rear end airtight ring 31 mainly performs air sealing at the position of the rear end spacer ring 30.

[0090] As attached Figure 5-6 As shown, in this embodiment, with the help of the aforementioned rear-end airtight circuit and rear-end airtight assembly, the vast majority of the oil and gas in the rear-end oil-gas lubrication circuit is discharged through the aforementioned rear-end oil return circuit for recycling. To further improve oil and gas utilization, the main shaft is also provided with a rear-end oil and gas recovery channel 32 for recovering residual oil and gas. Specifically, this rear-end oil and gas recovery channel 32 can be located within the rear-end bearing seat 700, near the aforementioned rear-end spacer ring 30. One side of the channel connects to the area where the rear bearing 800 is located, and the other side connects to the second oil passage 24 on the aforementioned second outer spacer ring 23. In this way, residual oil and gas at the rear end of the main shaft, influenced by the gas flowing out of the gap between the rear-end spacer ring 30, will flow along the rear-end oil and gas recovery channel 32 and into the second outer spacer ring 23. From there, the oil and gas will flow back into the area where the rear bearing 800 is located through the second oil distribution port 25 on the second outer spacer ring 23, providing oil and gas lubrication to the rear bearing 800 again, thus achieving secondary utilization of the rear-end oil and gas lubrication.

[0091] The above has provided a detailed and complete description of the sealing and lubrication structure of the spindle; however, it should be noted that although this combined action structure is mainly used for electric spindles, it does not exclude its application to other spindle components that require gas sealing and oil-gas lubrication.

[0092] At the same time, the present invention also provides an electric spindle, including the sealing and lubricating structure of the spindle.

[0093] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that terms such as "upper", "lower", "bottom", "top", "front", "back", "inside", "outside", "left", and "right" indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0094] While the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various modifications may be made and equivalent components may be substituted without departing from the scope of the present invention. In particular, the various technical features described in the various embodiments may be combined in any manner, provided no structural conflicts exist. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but encompasses all technical solutions within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A sealing and lubricating structure for a main shaft, characterized in that: The main shaft includes a front bearing and a rear bearing, and is respectively provided with an oil and gas inlet, an air path inlet, an oil and gas outlet, and a combined action structure. The combined action structure further includes: a front oil-gas lubrication circuit, connected to the oil-gas inlet and the oil-gas outlet, for oil-gas lubrication of the front bearing; a rear end oil-gas lubrication circuit, connected to the oil-gas inlet and the oil-gas outlet, for oil-gas lubrication of the rear bearing; A front-end airtight circuit, connected to the air circuit inlet, for airtight sealing of the front-end oil-gas lubrication circuit; a rear end airtight circuit, connected to the air circuit inlet, for airtight sealing of the rear end oil-gas lubrication circuit; and A front-end airtight component is provided at the end of the front-end airtight circuit and is used to cooperate with the front-end airtight circuit to perform airtight sealing on the front-end oil-gas lubrication circuit; A rear end airtight component is provided at the end of the rear end airtight circuit and is used to cooperate with the rear end airtight circuit to perform airtight sealing on the rear end oil and gas lubrication circuit; The front-end airtight assembly includes a front-end spacer ring arranged on the inner side of the front-end bearing seat, the front-end spacer ring separates the front-end oil-gas lubrication circuit and the front-end airtight circuit, and the channel of the front-end airtight circuit close to the front-end spacer ring is arranged with a reduced diameter; The rear end airtight assembly includes a rear end spacer ring arranged on the inner side of the rear end bearing seat, the rear end spacer ring separates the rear end oil and gas lubrication circuit and the rear end airtight circuit, and the channel of the rear end airtight circuit close to the rear end spacer ring is set with a reduced diameter.

2. The sealing and lubricating structure of the main shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main shaft includes a main shaft sleeve and a front bearing seat; the oil and gas inlet includes an oil pipe joint provided on the main shaft, and the front oil and gas lubrication circuit includes: a first lubrication channel, provided inside the spindle sleeve and connected to the oil pipe joint; a second lubrication channel disposed inside the front end bearing seat and communicating with the first lubrication channel; and The first oil outlet is arranged on the inner side of the front end bearing seat, one side of which is connected to the second lubrication channel, and the other side of which is connected to the area where the front bearing is located.

3. The sealing and lubricating structure of the main shaft according to claim 2, characterized in that: A first outer spacer ring is fixed on the inner side of the front end bearing seat, and a first oil channel connected to the first oil outlet is opened inside the first outer spacer ring, and at least one first oil distribution port connected to the first oil channel is provided on the first outer spacer ring; the first oil channel is connected to the area where the front bearing is located through the first oil distribution port.

4. The sealing and lubricating structure of the main shaft according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The oil and gas outlet includes an oil outlet joint provided on the main shaft; the front oil and gas lubrication circuit includes: A first oil return channel is provided inside the front bearing seat and is in communication with the area where the front bearing is located; The second oil return channel is arranged inside the main shaft sleeve, one side of which is connected to the first oil return channel, and the other side of which is connected to the oil outlet joint.

5. The sealing and lubricating structure of the main shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main shaft also includes a front end flange; The front-end airtight circuit includes: a first air flow channel, disposed inside the spindle sleeve and connected to the air path inlet; a second air flow channel, disposed inside the front end bearing seat and communicating with the first air flow channel; The third air flow channel is arranged inside the front end flange, one side of which is connected to the second air flow channel, and the other side is connected to the front end airtight component.

6. The sealing and lubricating structure of the main shaft according to claim 5, characterized in that: The front-end airtight assembly also includes a first front-end airtight ring arranged on the inner side of the front-end flange, and a first airtight channel connected to the third airflow channel is opened inside the first front-end airtight ring, and the first airtight channel extends to the front-end spacer ring away from the side of the third airflow channel.

7. The sealing and lubricating structure of the main shaft according to claim 6, characterized in that: The front-end airtight assembly also includes a second front-end airtight ring arranged on the inner side of the front-end flange, and a second airtight channel connected to the third airflow channel is opened inside the second front-end airtight ring. The second airtight channel extends away from the side of the third airflow channel to the front-end axis core of the main shaft.

8. The sealing and lubricating structure of the main shaft according to claim 3, characterized in that: A front oil and gas recovery channel connected to the area where the front bearing is located is also provided inside the front bearing seat, and the front oil and gas recovery channel is also connected to the first oil channel on the first outer spacer ring.

9. The sealing and lubricating structure of the main shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main shaft further includes a rear end flange and a rear end bearing seat; the oil and gas inlet includes a rear end oil and gas inlet provided on the main shaft; the rear end oil and gas lubrication circuit includes: a third lubrication channel, which is provided on the rear end flange and communicates with the rear end oil and gas inlet; a fourth lubrication passage, disposed inside the rear end bearing seat and communicating with the third lubrication passage; and The second oil outlet is arranged on the inner side of the rear end bearing seat, one side of which is connected to the third lubrication channel, and the other side is connected to the area where the rear bearing is located.

10. The sealing and lubricating structure of the main shaft according to claim 9, characterized in that: A second outer spacer ring is fixed on the inner side of the rear end bearing seat, and a second oil channel connected to the second oil outlet is opened inside the second outer spacer ring, and at least one second oil distribution port connected to the second oil channel is provided on the second outer spacer ring; the second oil channel is connected to the area where the rear bearing is located through the second oil distribution port.

11. The sealing and lubricating structure of the main shaft according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that: The oil and gas outlet includes a rear end oil and gas outlet provided on the main shaft; the rear end oil and gas lubrication circuit also includes: a third oil return channel, provided inside the rear end bearing seat and connected to the area where the rear bearing is located; The fourth oil return channel is opened on the rear end flange, one side of which is connected to the third oil return channel, and the other side is connected to the rear end oil and gas outlet.

12. The sealing and lubricating structure of the main shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear end airtight circuit includes a fourth airflow channel arranged inside the main shaft sleeve, one side of the fourth airflow channel is connected to the air path inlet, and the other side is connected to the rear end airtight component.

13. The sealing and lubricating structure of the main shaft according to claim 12, characterized in that: The rear end airtight assembly also includes a rear end airtight ring arranged on the inner side of the main shaft sleeve, and a rear end airtight channel connected to the fourth air flow channel is opened inside the rear end airtight ring, and the rear end airtight channel extends to the rear end spacer ring away from the side of the fourth air flow channel.

14. The sealing and lubricating structure of the main shaft according to claim 10, characterized in that: A rear end oil and gas recovery channel connected to the area where the rear bearing is located is also provided inside the rear end bearing seat, and the rear end oil and gas recovery channel is also connected to the second oil channel on the second outer spacer ring.

15. An electric spindle, characterized in that: The invention comprises a sealing and lubricating structure for a main shaft as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14.

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