A smelting method based on industrial pure oxygen bottom blowing smelting lead-antimony mixed ore

Abstract

The application discloses a smelting method based on industrial pure oxygen bottom blowing smelting of lead-antimony mixed ore, and the process method is mature and reliable. The smelting method realizes direct reduction of hot oxidation slag, fully utilizes the heat of the oxidation slag, and is low in energy consumption. The reduction smelting adopts coal to replace metallurgical coke, and is low in energy consumption. The equipment is good in sealing, and the post operation environment and the factory environmental protection are obviously improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of chemical metallurgy, and particularly relates to a smelting method based on industrial pure oxygen bottom blowing smelting of lead-antimony mixed ore. BACKGROUND

[0002] The traditional heavy metal extraction process needs sintering-blast furnace process. Under the reduction smelting condition of the blast furnace, the metal sulfide in the concentrate cannot be directly reduced into metal, so it must be oxidized first. Although the metal sulfide in the lead-antimony concentrate is oxidized to form metal oxide by the roasting in the fluidized bed furnace, the produced roasting sand is in the form of loose powder material. This powder material has extremely fine particle size and is only suitable for reverberatory furnace smelting, and is not suitable for blast furnace treatment with higher production efficiency. Because this small material is easy to be blown out of the furnace when entering the blast furnace, or the air gap in the furnace charge is blocked, the air permeability of the furnace charge is deteriorated, the air is difficult to blow, and the smelting process cannot be carried out. Therefore, the sintering roasting becomes an indispensable process before the small material enters the blast furnace.

[0003] There are currently related researches. For example, Chinese patent 201811570909.5 discloses a production process of lead-antimony mixed ore oxygen-enriched molten pool low-temperature oxidation smelting, which includes the following steps: 1) batching: uniformly mixing raw and auxiliary materials according to the mass ratio to obtain a mixture; 2) granulation: granulating the mixture; 3) oxidation smelting: sending the prepared pellets into an oxygen-enriched oxidation furnace for low-temperature oxidation smelting, and outputting liquid oxidation slag after smelting, which is sent into reduction smelting through a chute; high-concentration SO2 flue gas is produced after smelting, which is sent to an acid making system after cooling and dust collection. The present application: 1) the existing oxidation smelting production process of brittle sulfur-antimony-lead ore produces low-concentration SO2 which needs to be treated for environmental protection before being discharged, and the SO2 concentration in the smelting flue gas is effectively improved by using the oxygen-enriched molten pool smelting, so as to meet the requirements of the conventional acid making system, reduce pollution, and improve the recovery rate; 2) the low-temperature oxygen-enriched oxidation process greatly reduces the dust rate, and the dust quality is also improved.

[0004] The sintering roasting smelting has high intensity, but the unit product power consumption is large, the desulfurization chemical reaction heat cannot be utilized, the energy consumption is very high, and the environment is seriously polluted. With the continuous progress of the city, the traditional smelting process is now not suitable for production, and has been ordered to be eliminated by the state. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the problems of high sintering roasting smelting strength, large unit product power consumption, unable to utilize desulfurization chemical reaction heat, very high energy consumption and serious environmental pollution in the prior art, the present application provides a smelting method based on industrial pure oxygen bottom blowing smelting of lead-antimony mixed ore, which not only saves energy and reduces consumption and greatly reduces production cost, but also effectively solves environmental pollution and safety hazards, and sulfur is well recovered, increasing the profit of enterprises.

[0006] A smelting method based on industrial pure oxygen bottom blowing smelting of lead-antimony mixed ore, wherein the oxygen bottom blowing furnace oxidation smelting process is involved:

[0007] The purpose of the bottom blowing furnace oxidation smelting is to remove most of the sulfur in the raw material, oxidize lead sulfide into lead oxide, and produce high-lead slag (liquid) meeting the requirements of the reduction furnace reduction smelting, while producing flue gas with high sulfur concentration for acid production.

[0008] The basic principle of the bottom blowing furnace oxidation smelting is that the bottom blowing furnace oxidation smelting is a molten pool smelting, the mixed material prepared by batching and granulating is added from the top of the bottom blowing furnace, oxygen is blown from the bottom to cause stirring of the melt, oxidation reaction occurs with metal sulfides in the mixed material to generate metal oxides and sulfur dioxide, and a large amount of heat is released to continue the oxidation reaction, while forming primary lead and high-lead slag.

[0009] The main reaction equations are as follows:

[0010] Oxidation slagging reaction:

[0011] 2FeS+3O2+SiO2=2FeO·SiO2+2SO2↑

[0012] 2ZnS+3O2=2ZnO+2SO2↑

[0013] 2PbS+3O2+SiO2=2PbO·SiO2+2SO2↑

[0014] 2PbS+3O2=2PbO+2SO2↑

[0015] 2Pb+O2=2PbO

[0016] PbS+2O2=PbSO4(nPbO·PbSO4)

[0017] χCaO+ySiO2=χCaO·ySiO2

[0018] χPbO+ySiO2=χPbO·ySiO2

[0019] Lead precipitation reaction:

[0020] PbSO4=2PbO+SO3↑

[0021] PbS + 2PbO = 3Pb + SO2

[0022] PbS + PbSO4 = 2Pb + 2SO2

[0023] The smelting method based on the industrial pure oxygen bottom blowing smelting of the lead-antimony mixed ore according to the application comprises the following steps:

[0024] 1) batching: the lead-antimony mixed ore, quartz sand and limestone are mixed uniformly at a mass ratio of 100:(2-10):(2-5), wherein the lead-antimony mixed ore is represented by brittle jamesonite, and the mass ratio of lead content is more than 15% and the mass ratio of antimony content is more than 10%;

[0025] 2) granulation: the mixture obtained in the above step is granulated into spherical particles with a particle size of 10-25mm;

[0026] 3) oxidation smelting: the spherical particles prepared in the above step are sent to an oxygen-rich oxidation furnace for oxidation smelting, the industrial pure oxygen oxidation process is used for desulfurization of the mixture, the temperature is raised, the outlet temperature of the flue gas at the top of the furnace is controlled at 750-850℃, the oxygen-material ratio, the feeding speed and the micro-negative pressure at the outlet of the flue gas at the top of the furnace are determined according to the composition of the raw material and the furnace condition, and the feeding operation is carried out, and the liquid lead-antimony oxidation slag (slag) is output and enters the reduction smelting through a chute;

[0027] The feeding, temperature raising and slagging are repeated to carry out the periodic operation.

[0028] In the application:

[0029] The water content of the spherical particles in step 2) is 7-9%.

[0030] In step 3), the oxygen-rich oxidation furnace is used for oxidation smelting, and the specific bottom blowing furnace process operation conditions are as follows:

[0031] Item Unit Parameter Oxygen bottom blowing furnace m Ф3.8x11.5 Oxygen material ratio Nm 3 / t]]> 80-130 Treatment capacity t / h 0-25 Daily slag output t / d 130-290 Melt pool temperature ℃ 980-1150 Initial slag lead content ％ 25-55 Slag surface height mm 850-1300 Slag port center height mm 870 Siphon overflow port height mm 655 Alloy layer thickness mm 400 Furnace shell temperature ℃ 150-250 Main combustion nozzle natural gas flow Nm 3 / h]]> 300-400 Flue gas volume (straight up flue) Nm 3 / h]]> 12500 Flue gas temperature ℃ 700-1100 Oxygen lance oxygen volume (single) Nm 3 / h]]> 450-750 Oxygen lance nitrogen volume (single) Nm 3 / h]]> 90-180 Nitrogen pressure (main pipe) Mpa 1.4 Oxygen pressure (main pipe) Mpa 1.3 Oxygen lance cooling water volume (single) kg / h 20-35。

[0032] In step 3), the feeding amount of the continuous feeding under normal conditions is 18-25t / h, the output amount of the liquid lead-antimony oxidation slag is 9.0-12.5t / h, the lead content of the liquid lead-antimony oxidation slag is 40%-45%, the liquid lead-antimony oxidation slag is discharged from the slag port at the end of the bottom blowing furnace, and the height of the slag port bottom surface of the oxygen bottom blowing furnace is 810mm.

[0033] The slagging in step 3) is carried out in coordination with the production of the reduction furnace, 1 time of slagging is carried out every 2.5 hours, the liquid level before slagging is 1150mm, the liquid level after slagging is 850mm, and the data and time of each time of slagging are recorded.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages:

[0035] 1. The smelting method based on industrial pure oxygen bottom blowing smelting of lead-antimony mixed ore, which is mature and reliable in process method technology; realizes direct reduction of hot oxidation slag, fully utilizes the heat of the oxidation slag, and is low in energy consumption; uses coal instead of metallurgical coke for reduction smelting, which is low in energy consumption; and is good in equipment sealing, and obviously improves the post operation environment and factory environmental protection.

[0036] 2. The smelting method based on industrial pure oxygen bottom blowing smelting of lead-antimony mixed ore, which adopts a pure oxygen bottom blowing oxidation smelting process technology, is strong in adaptability to raw materials, can process complex multi-metal raw materials, has a valuable element recovery rate as follows: Sb > 95%, Pb > 98%, S > 99%, and Ag > 98%, and is energy-saving and environmentally friendly in production process, can realize resource utilization of hazardous waste containing heavy metals, is safe and reliable in equipment selection, and is reasonable in process configuration, and fundamentally reduces and eliminates unsafe factors harmful to human health.

[0037] 3. The smelting method based on industrial pure oxygen bottom blowing smelting of lead-antimony mixed ore, in which heavy metals in hazardous waste containing heavy metals mainly exist in the form of oxides or metal compounds, and a small amount of heavy metals exist in the form of metal elements, are mixed into a furnace with antimony-lead concentrate, and are finally realized resource utilization and eliminated of harmfulness through the treatment of a smelting furnace. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 is a process flow chart of the smelting method based on industrial pure oxygen bottom blowing smelting of lead-antimony mixed ore. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more apparent and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following description, a large number of specific details are set forth in order to fully understand the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without departing from the scope of the present application, so the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0040] EMBODIMENT:

[0041] A smelting method based on industrial pure oxygen bottom blowing smelting of lead-antimony mixed ore, comprising the following steps:

[0042] 1) batching: mixing lead-antimony mixed ore, quartz sand and limestone in a mass ratio of 100:(2-10):(2-5), wherein the lead-antimony mixed ore is represented by brittle jamesonite, and the mass ratio of lead contained is more than 15%, and the mass ratio of antimony contained is more than 10%;

[0043] 2) granulation: the mixture obtained in the above step is granulated into spherical particles with a particle size of 10-25 mm, and the water content of the spherical particles is 7-9%.

[0044] 3) Oxidation smelting: the pellets prepared in the previous step are sent to an oxygen-rich oxidation furnace for oxidation smelting, and industrial pure oxygen oxidation process is used for desulfurization of the mixture, the temperature is raised, the outlet temperature of the flue gas is controlled at 750-850℃, the oxygen-material ratio is determined according to the composition of the raw material and the furnace condition, the feeding speed and the micro-negative pressure of the flue gas outlet are controlled, and the liquid lead-antimony oxidation slag (slag) is produced and enters the reduction smelting through the chute;

[0045] The oxygen-rich oxidation furnace is used for oxidation smelting, and the specific bottom blowing furnace process operation conditions are as follows:

[0046] Item Unit Parameter Oxygen bottom blowing furnace m Ф3.8x11.5 Oxygen material ratio Nm 3 / t]]> 80-130 Treatment capacity t / h 0-25 Daily slag output t / d 130-290 Melt pool temperature ℃ 980-1150 Initial slag lead content ％ 25-55 Slag surface height mm 850-1300 Slag port center height mm 870 Siphon overflow port height mm 655 Alloy layer thickness mm 400 Furnace shell temperature ℃ 150-250 Main combustion nozzle natural gas flow Nm 3 / h]] 300-400 Flue gas volume (straight up flue) Nm 3 / h]] 12500 Flue gas temperature ℃ 700-1100 Oxygen lance oxygen volume (single) Nm 3 / h]] 450-750 Oxygen lance nitrogen volume (single) Nm 3 / h]] 90-180 Nitrogen pressure (main pipe) Mpa 1.4 Oxygen pressure (main pipe) Mpa 1.3 Oxygen lance cooling water volume (single) kg / h 20-35；

[0047] The feeding operation is continuously fed at a feeding rate of 18-25t / h under normal circumstances, the output of liquid lead-antimony oxidation slag is 9.0-12.5t / h, the liquid lead-antimony oxidation slag contains 40%-45% lead, and is discharged from the slag port at the end of the bottom blowing furnace, and the height of the slag port bottom surface of the oxygen bottom blowing furnace is 810mm;

[0048] The production time is interrupted and the slag is discharged, and the reduction furnace production is matched, the slag is discharged once every 2.5 hours, the liquid level before discharging the slag is 1150mm, and the liquid level after discharging the slag is 850mm, and the data and time of each time of discharging the slag are recorded;

[0049] Repeat the feeding, temperature rising and slag discharging to perform periodic operation.

[0050] Experimental example:

[0051] The smelting method based on the industrial pure oxygen bottom blowing smelting of lead-antimony mixed ore described in the application is applied in Guangxi Shengfu Antimony Industry Technology Co., Ltd.

[0052] 1. Object

[0053] The operation of the bottom blowing furnace workers is standardized to promote the normal production of the bottom blowing furnace and produce qualified products.

[0054] 2. Scope

[0055] This standard specifies the operation specifications of process procedures, quality requirements, energy consumption, etc. in the production of the bottom blowing furnace, and is applicable to the field management of the oxygen bottom blowing furnace production process.

[0056] 3. Resource allocation

[0057] 3.1, Composition of the bottom blowing furnace: feeding and batching system, bottom blowing furnace, waste heat boiler, electric dust collector, etc.

[0058] 3.2, Raw material supply: lead concentrate and auxiliary materials.

[0059] 4. Basic principle of oxygen bottom blowing furnace oxidation smelting process (see the summary of the invention).

[0060] 5. Bottom blowing furnace section process Figure 1 : Process flow chart of a smelting method based on industrial pure oxygen bottom blowing smelting of lead-antimony mixed ore.

[0061] 6. Process part

[0062] 6.1. Oxygen bottom blowing furnace input granules:

[0063] 6.1.1 Chemical composition %:

[0064] Pb: 50 ZnO≤8.0 FeO: 8-14 SiO2: 6-12 CaO: 3-8 Cu≤1.5 S＜18 As≤0.5 Sb≤3 [H2O: 8-10;]

[0065] 6.1.2 Physical specifications: particle size 3-10 mm accounts for more than 80%, and it is appropriate to fall without scattering at 1 m high from the ground.

[0066] 6.2. Bottom blowing furnace process operation conditions:

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] 6.3. Main equipment and operation requirements of the process:

[0070] 6.3.1. Belt scale 1#-7# of batching

[0071] The control room sets the feeding amount of each scale according to the process batching requirements (percentage), and simultaneously starts several of the 7 scales, and the material is automatically adjusted according to the set amount, and mixed in the belt conveyor and subsequent process. Record the cumulative amount of the scale used once an hour, and check whether it is consistent with the process batching ratio, and adjust it if it exceeds 1.0%. The belt scale is checked once every ten days or a month;

[0072] In the normal production process, if large pieces of material are found on the batching belt scale, they should be cleaned up in time, crushed and returned to the belt, and those that cannot be crushed should be classified and neatly stacked. The material with high moisture content should be avoided as much as possible. The vibration motor should not be turned on for a long time.

[0073] 6.3.2. Ash system

[0074] The boiler, electric dust removal and flue dust in the production process are sent to the ash bin by 1# scraper, 2# scraper, 3# scraper and overflow screw feeder. After being measured by the metering belt scale under the bin, the dust is sent to the granulator together with the dust removed in the processes of feeding and granulation to be mixed with the material from the batching scale to form granules. The amount of dust is about 2t / h, which is recycled. The dust scale and the batching scale are checked by real objects regularly, and the ash bin is kept in a low material level (20%) dynamic balance.

[0075] After receiving the command of the central control, the following procedures are followed to stop the vehicle:

[0076] The starting sequence is: granulator-3# belt conveyor-2# belt conveyor-hoist bucket-equipment belt scale-3# scraper-overflow screw feeder-2# scraper-1# scraper-turn on the ash valves in turn.

[0077] The shutdown sequence is: turn off the ash valves in turn-1# scraper-2# scraper-overflow screw feeder-3# scraper-equipment belt scale-hoist bucket.

[0078] 6.3.3 Granulator

[0079] The concentrate, pulverized coal, flux and ash from the batching are mixed with water to form spherical granules. The moisture content is generally controlled at 8%-10%, and the particle size is 3-10mm, accounting for more than 80%, so that the material can fall into the molten pool. The maximum capacity of granulation is 35t / h. During operation, if the material in the disc is seriously accumulated, it should be cleaned in time. The operation of the disc, speed reducer and other equipment should be checked every day, and the lubrication of each part should be paid attention to.

[0080] 6.3.4 Belt conveyor and reversible belt

[0081] The granules are transported to the reversible belt by 4# belt conveyor, and the reversible belt distributes the incoming material to two granule storage bins for storage. At least four samples are taken per shift to mix into a comprehensive sample for full analysis. According to the test results, the accuracy of the process batching composition and the fluctuation of the material composition are checked.

[0082] 6.3.5 Granule bin and (quantitative feeder) feeding belt scale

[0083] The granules are temporarily stored for feeding into the belt scale, with a storage capacity of about 10t (single) and a maximum feeding capacity of 15t / h for a single belt scale. During operation, the total amount of feeding should be kept stable, and the feeding amount of the two scales should be balanced and consistent. The granules should be kept at a bin level of more than 70%.

[0084] 6.3.6 Mobile feeding belt

[0085] The granules from the feeding belt scale are transported to the furnace top feeding hopper by 5# and 6# mobile feeding belts and then fall into the molten pool in the furnace.

[0086] 6.3.7 Bottom blown furnace boiler

[0087] The normal exhaust gas temperature from the bottom blown furnace is about 700-1100℃, and the dust content is about 157g / Nm 3 The exhaust gas and the dust contained therein are cooled to 350-380℃ by using a waste heat boiler, the design capacity of the waste heat boiler is 6t / h saturated steam, the steam pressure is 3.9Mpa (absolute pressure), the steam temperature is about 250℃, and the steam is sent to the Xiaoshengfahai power plant through a pipe network.

[0088] When the bottom blown furnace is heated, the waste heat boiler is put into operation; if no maintenance is required, as long as the bottom blown furnace is at operating temperature, the waste heat boiler must be kept in normal operation.

[0089] 6.3.8 Electric dust removal

[0090] The exhaust gas from the normal production of the bottom blown furnace contains a large amount of lead dust and SO2, which is purified by electric dust removal and then sent to the sulfuric acid plant for acid production. After the furnace is started, the electric dust removal is usually in operation (except for electric dust removal failure maintenance or notification to stop).

[0091] When the bottom blown furnace is turned to the accident position, the sulfuric acid cannot work, and the exhaust gas is converted into the desulfurization section through the pneumatic three-way valve on the electric dust removal outlet pipeline after treatment and then discharged. During the gas heat preservation period, the pneumatic three-way valve leading to the sulfuric acid section is in a completely closed state, and it is strictly prohibited to let the exhaust gas into the acid production process during gas heat preservation.

[0092] Under normal circumstances, the accident flue valve must be in a closed state except for special reasons and with the consent of the superior leaders, and it is strictly prohibited to discharge exhaust gas without organization.

[0093] 6.4, Process main product requirements:

[0094] 6.4.1 Primary alloy: Pb≥90%.

[0095] 6.4.2 High lead slag:

[0096] ① Daily output of about 130-290 tons, containing Pb: 35-55%, S <1.5%

[0097] ② Temperature: 980-1100℃

[0098] 6.4.3 Exhaust gas:

[0099] Exhaust gas temperature: 350-380℃ at the inlet of electric dust removal

[0100] 6.4.4 Ash quality:

[0101] Pb≥40%, AS≤10%, Cd≤15%, recycled, AS>10%, Cd>15% then open another treatment.

[0102] 7. Basic operation procedure of control room

[0103] 7.1. Basic operation procedure of bottom blowing furnace

[0104] Preparation before the bottom blowing furnace is switched on: waste heat boiler and electric dust collector are in normal working state; sulfuric acid converter is in a state of being able to receive flue gas after reaching the required temperature; other external conditions are ready.

[0105] 7.1.1 If warming up is needed before switching on, refer to the warming up procedure;

[0106] 7.1.2 The control room notifies the dispatching department half an hour in advance (the dispatching department notifies relevant units) to prepare the converter;

[0107] 7.1.3 Personnel at each post are in place, especially the personnel at the charging port post who should organize manpower and cleaning tools to ensure the smoothness of the charging port;

[0108] 7.1.4 Notify the sulfuric acid workshop and oxygen station to prepare for starting, and remove all items that affect the rotation of the bottom blowing furnace;

[0109] 7.1.5 Switch the oxygen lance gas and adjust the parameters to slightly lower production values: nitrogen and oxygen pressure should not be lower than 0.5 MPa, and oxygen flow should be adjusted to be close to the production value, and the amount of pre-charging of the converter should be calculated according to 14 t / h of oxygen consumption.

[0110] 7.1.6 Assign a person to watch the soft pipes on the furnace;

[0111] 7.1.7 Issue an alarm and switch the bottom blowing furnace from the preparation position (90°) to the production position (0°). If there is no abnormality, it is placed in one step;

[0112] 7.1.8 After the bottom blowing furnace reaches the production position, immediately move the charging (moving) belt to the charging position, start charging, and the amount of charging is 14 t / h; the amount of oxygen is given according to the previously calculated oxygen-to-material ratio;

[0113] 7.1.9 Notify the sulfuric acid workshop to connect the gas, open the pneumatic three-way valve on the outlet pipeline of the electric dust collector to switch the flue gas to sulfuric acid, and adjust the suction of the fan to ensure a slight negative pressure (<-50 Pa) at the charging port;

[0114] 7.1.10 If there is dross at the siphon port, remove it in time. At the initial stage of charging, there may be splashing at the charging port, which must be ensured to be smooth at this time;

[0115] 7.1.11 Start the oxygen lance soft water pump, and feed about 30 kg / h of soft water to each lance;

[0116] 7.1.12 After one hour of starting charging, adjust the amount of charging to 16 t / h, and the flow of the nitrogen branch pipe is 150 m 3 / h, then gradually adjust to normal production value according to the furnace conditions;

[0117] 7.1.13 Each operator must remember the responsibilities of the post and make detailed records.

[0118] 7.2, alloy operation procedures

[0119] If the lead grade of the furnace charge is high, there will be some lead settling in the bottom blowing furnace, and the normally produced primary alloy is intermittently discharged from the siphon port at the end of the bottom blowing furnace.

[0120] 7.2.1 When the bottom blowing furnace is turned into the production position, some slag will inevitably appear at the alloy discharge port, which must be removed before the slag solidifies; under normal production conditions, if there is dross in the siphon channel, it should also be removed in time.

[0121] 7.2.2 The height of the bottom blowing furnace bottom to the siphon overflow port (usually called the alloy port height) is 655 mm, under the given slag port center height and slag specific gravity conditions, the height of the siphon overflow port will determine the thickness of the alloy liquid layer in the bottom blowing furnace;

[0122] 7.2.3 Before production, the accurate elevation of the siphon overflow port should be marked (with the same base point as measuring the height of the slag port, the height difference is marked) to facilitate reference during normal production operation;

[0123] 7.2.4 Proper temporary increase (about 50 mm) of the overflow port height can control the alloy liquid level in the furnace. It should be insisted that the alloy is discharged during the previous slag discharge or slag discharge process (specifically depending on the amount of slag surface or alloy liquid in the furnace), and the alloy above the alloy overflow port is discharged in a controlled manner. This ensures that the alloy port temperature does not freeze and ensures the stability of the high lead slag output;

[0124] 7.2.5 After the bottom blowing furnace is turned to the accident (90°) position, the siphon port must be preheated to reduce the blockage failure;

[0125] 7.2.6 The dross precipitated in the alloy liquid will form a nodule and block the siphon channel, which should be removed at any time. All tools must be fully preheated and dried before use;

[0126] 7.2.7 Regularly use long iron rods (round steel or screw steel bars) to dredge the siphon channel to ensure smoothness, and strictly prohibit using oxygen blowing pipes to burn the siphon port (which has the risk of damaging the refractory brick lining and the furnace shell);

[0127] 7.2.8 The discharged alloy liquid flows into the ingot casting machine through the refractory brick inner lining ladle and the chute, and the appropriate temperature is controlled to facilitate the removal of the ice copper slag, and then transported to the blowing workshop.

[0128] 7.2.9 During normal operation, the tundish and the trough should be maintained and cleaned in time to avoid damaging the refractory lining, so that the alloy liquid can flow smoothly into the ingot mold, reducing alloy loss and equipment damage.

[0129] 7.2.10 The siphon post operator must wear labor protection, dust mask, protective glasses, etc. Must understand the danger of alloy melt and vapor.

[0130] 7.3, Slag tapping operation procedure

[0131] 7.3.1 Under normal circumstances (feed 18-25t / h), the slag output is about 9.0-12.5t / h, the slag contains about 40%-45% lead, and is discharged from the end of the bottom blowing furnace. The height of the slag port at the bottom of the oxygen bottom blowing furnace is 810mm;

[0132] 7.3.2 The production time is interrupted by slag tapping, which is coordinated with the production of the reduction furnace, about 2.5 hours of slag tapping once, the liquid level before slag tapping is about 1150mm, and the liquid level after slag tapping is about 850mm. Record the data and time of each slag tapping;

[0133] 7.3.3 When slagging, use oxygen blowing pipe to burn slag port, slag in slag port is easy to produce slag, slag flow often changes, use hexagonal steel to dredge slag port regularly to keep slag flowing and complete within the specified time (about 30 minutes) to facilitate the operation of the reduction furnace;

[0134] 7.3.4 Pay special attention to the temperature measurement and slag observation of the slag before slagging for 30-60 minutes, observe the thickness of the stick and slag, make a prediction according to the measured results, decide the size of the opening when blowing the slag port, and adjust the operation parameters of the furnace if necessary to meet the requirements of slagging;

[0135] 7.3.5 The discharged slag flows into the reduction furnace through the slag tundish and inclined chute, and the chute should be cleaned in time after slagging. The solid slag shell cleaned must be broken into small pieces before being put into the reduction furnace;

[0136] 7.3.6 When cleaning the chute, you can slightly sprinkle water to cool the hot slag, but you must not let the water flow into the reduction furnace;

[0137] 7.3.7 The operator must wear labor protection clothes, protective glasses, etc., and take good care to prevent slag leakage from the slag port and smoke from the reduction furnace from escaping to cause harm, and understand the danger of liquid slag and lead vapor;

[0138] 7.4, Bottom blowing furnace plan transfer operation procedure

[0139] 7.4.1 Preparation before converter:

[0140] ① Advance notice of the appropriate height of the siphon overflow port furnace slag, if the slag line after the slag line down (foam slag), can be appropriately reduced oxygen, slag line must be < 900 mm, the lower the better, until the slag is basically not out;

[0141] ② Advance 5 minutes notice to the relevant units, processes and post personnel;

[0142] ③ Notice of the furnace positions in accordance with the converter confirmation system to ensure that the converter has no obstacles;

[0143] ④ Central control alarm, on-site converter, the post personnel to do well the warning and patrol the rotating body;

[0144] ⑤ Check the burner hole and clean up - ready to convert the converter (three hours) after heating and insulation.

[0145] 7.4.2 Converter after work:

[0146] ① After the conversion, N / O switch to manual, start N / O switch, maintain nitrogen branch pressure 0.4 ± 0.1 Mpa, the site will be adjusted to small oxygen valve, maintain branch pressure 0.3 Mpa or so;

[0147] ② After the furnace is converted, the site personnel inform the dispatcher to stop the furnace, the dispatcher will notify other workshops to stop or wait for production (production) according to the actual situation;

[0148] ③ After the conversion, use glass wool to block the inlet, etc., to avoid rapid cooling of the furnace, even if the cooling is required, the closed 8 hours can be taken to forced ventilation cooling to avoid damage to the lining brick due to rapid heating and cooling;

[0149] ④ Start the main burner for insulation (temperature control at 1050℃);

[0150] ⑤ Deploy manpower and immediately carry out planned maintenance projects.

[0151] 7.5, emergency conversion operation procedures

[0152] 7.5.1 Must stop when melting or other situations that may cause equipment accidents, etc., all to the fault position of the converter to suspend production; normal production, the bottom blowing furnace must be ready to convert at any time;

[0153] 7.5.2 Regular production inspection, no obstacles to the converter can be converted at any time;

[0154] 7.5.3 The difference between the emergency conversion operation and the normal converter procedure is that the emergency alarm is converted first, and then the waste heat boiler, electric precipitator, sulfuric acid, oxygen station are notified, and the rest are the same;

[0155] 7.5.4 At the same time of emergency converter, arrange personnel to strengthen the monitoring of the lower passage of the furnace and the surrounding personnel and objects, to prevent unnecessary damage caused by slag overflow;

[0156] 7.5.5 Generally, the common emergency converter situation: oxygen lance burning furnace shell red lead leakage, boiler feed water pump damage cannot be restored water shortage, process dust collection equipment damage, circulating water cut-off, oxygen and nitrogen pressure drop (gas supply stop), external or related workshop power failure, boiler leakage, feed equipment failure (40 minutes or more) cannot be restored, etc.

[0157] 7.5.6 First time to inform the relevant post workers, foremen, section chiefs, second time to inform the workshop director, report to the dispatch to arrange on-site coordination;

[0158] 7.5.7 After the converter, arrange the repair project according to the normal work requirements.

[0159] 7.6, heating procedure:

[0160] 7.6.1 After the heat recovery boiler ash operation is completed, under the premise of not affecting the repair of other equipment, use the main burner to heat up;

[0161] 7.6.2 Adjust the amount of natural gas and the amount of combustion air fan intake as needed to ensure complete natural gas combustion; Strictly prohibit opening natural gas first and then igniting; Strictly prohibit closing combustion air first and then closing natural gas;

[0162] 7.6.3 Keep track of the heating and melting effect in the furnace at all times, and switch to production as soon as the temperature meets the requirements;

[0163] 7.6.4 Pay attention to safety when using the burner, and strictly follow the relevant regulations for the use of natural gas.

[0164] 7.7 Charging port

[0165] Detect once an hour, if abnormal slag liquid level, slag temperature and furnace coking are found, report to the control center for timely treatment, and report to the on-duty leader if necessary and take appropriate measures;

[0166] 7.8, reduce air leakage

[0167] Burner hole: before the converter enters the production position, use aluminum silicate fiber felt to block it and then seal it with blind plate;

[0168] Material detection port: open each time material is detected, and block it with glass wool or cover plate after detection.

[0169] 8, DCS equipment control part

[0170] 8.1. Start-up sequence of the feeding system equipment

[0171] 5#、6# mobile belt - 8#、9# quantitative feeder - mobile reversible belt - 4# belt - disc granulator - 3# belt - 2# belt - 1# belt - 1-7# quantitative feeder (or several of them);

[0172] 8.2. Equipment shutdown sequence and start-up sequence in reverse.

[0173] 8.3. Operation of the DCS smelting furnace system

[0174] 8.3.1 Operation of adjusting the amount of oxygen:

[0175] Turn the oxygen flow valve to "manual", calculate the amount of oxygen according to the oxygen ratio, input the value into the set value, adjust the pressure valve or flow valve, generally maintain the flow valve opening between 50-70%, pay attention to not adjust too fast when adjusting the pressure valve, the flow valve changes slowly, adjust the oxygen flow to the range close to the set value, then turn the flow regulating valve to "automatic", do not turn the flow valve to "automatic" when the set value and the feedback value are significantly different, otherwise it will cause the oxygen flow to fluctuate up and down, and in severe cases it will lead to oxygen-nitrogen switching.

[0176] 8.3.2 Operation of adjusting the amount of nitrogen:

[0177] The main consideration for nitrogen is the pressure value, generally maintain the branch pressure between 0.5-0.8Mpa, open the nitrogen flow valve basically, adjust the pressure to the set value, then put the pressure into automatic. If you want to achieve stable flow, turn the pressure valve to "manual", open the flow valve to "50-70%" or so, adjust the pressure valve to make the flow reach the set value range, then put the flow adjustment into "automatic".

[0178] 8.3.3 Operation of adjusting the desalting water

[0179] The control adjustment of water is to control the opening of the backflow pipe regulating valve to stabilize the branch pressure, the oxygen lance water flow is adjusted by the manual valve on site, generally the pressure is set to be 0.05-0.1Mpa less than the nitrogen pressure, and the water flow is 20-35kg / h;

[0180] 8.3.4 Gas adjustment during converter

[0181] ①Turn out: After the furnace is turned to the horizontal position, turn the nitrogen-oxygen switch to "manual", click "start", after the nitrogen-oxygen switch is completed, observe the oxygen lance branch pressure, adjust the branch pressure to about 0.35Mpa, stop supplying desalting water;

[0182] ②Switch in: Notify the oxygen station to set the nitrogen and oxygen main pipe pressure to above 1.4 MPa, increase the nitrogen branch pipe pressure to above 0.5 MPa, then click the nitrogen-oxygen switch "stop" button, switch the oxygen into the oxygen channel, notify the site to fully open the oxygen and nitrogen branches, adjust the oxygen main pipe pressure and flow regulating valve to make the branch pipe pressure above 0.5 MPa, and then start the converter. Before switching, set the oxygen main pipe pressure valve opening to about 60% and the flow valve opening to 50%, and slowly adjust the oxygen to make the branch pipe pressure change uniformly. Open the brine 5-15 minutes after switching in.

[0183] 8.4. Operation of the DCS boiler section (according to the boiler technical operation procedures)

[0184] 8.5. Operation of the control room site personnel

[0185] 8.5.1 Slag temperature measurement

[0186] ① Use a fast temperature measuring thermocouple to measure the melt temperature, once every half hour at the beginning of the start-up, and then once every hour after normal operation; record after each measurement.

[0187] ② When using the fast thermocouple, pay attention to the insertion depth into the melt, 300-500 mm, and quickly pull out after 4-6 seconds to avoid burning out the compensation lead and the measuring head.

[0188] 8.5.2 Liquid level measurement and slag viscosity determination

[0189] ① Use a long iron pipe to insert from the detection port to the bottom of the furnace, and then measure the length of the sticky slag after pulling out;

[0190] ② Determine the smelting condition in the furnace from the thickness of the sticky slag, the force used when inserting, and the swing of the iron pipe.

[0191] 9. Process control

[0192] 9.1. Adjustment of slag lead content:

[0193] The slag lead content is generally controlled between 40%-50%, and if it exceeds this range or is out of specification for two consecutive times, the operating parameters should be adjusted in time. The factors affecting the slag grade are as follows:

[0194] Influencing factors Quantity change Slag grade change On flue gas temperature Oxygen material ratio Increase Increase Decrease Coal Increase Decrease Increase Fly ash Increase Increase Decrease

[0195] In addition to the above factors, the following points should also be noted for the slag grade:

[0196] 9.1.1 The oxygen-to-charge ratio should not be lower than 95 Nm 3 / t to prevent incomplete reaction in the furnace, low slag temperature, and deteriorated furnace conditions; if the slag grade needs to be adjusted and the oxygen-to-charge ratio is lower than 95 Nm 3When the electronic belt feeder is in operation, more attention should be paid to the fact that the actual amount of feed is larger than the set amount or the oxygen flow is distorted.

[0197] 9.1.2 When adjusting the slag grade, the weighing curve of the ash bin should be kept flat, i.e. the ash produced should not differ much from the ash used.

[0198] 9.1.3 The slag temperature should be controlled within the range of 980-1100℃, but in actual production, it should be kept around 1050℃ to ensure normal reaction in the furnace and at the same time not to affect the slag tapping and the production of the reduction furnace.

[0199] 9.1.4 When adjusting the slag grade, the adjustment amount should be controlled within the following range:

[0200] Oxygen material ratio 2 / Time Fly ash 0.2-0.4t / h Coal 0.05%-1%(feed amount)

[0201] In the above methods, the slag grade and temperature change most quickly when the oxygen-feed ratio is adjusted, and they are easy to control. Their effect usually appears after 20 minutes. The other two methods are slower, and their effect usually appears after one hour. When the coal content is increased by more than 1.5%, it is easy to produce foaming slag.

[0202] 9.1.5 Increasing 1t / h of ash is equivalent to increasing 4 oxygen-feed ratios. 100kg of pulverized coal needs to consume about 140m 3 of oxygen.

[0203] 9.1.6 When adjusting the oxygen-feed ratio and the temperature in the central control room, it is appropriate to adjust by 2-5m 3 / t, and the observation time is 30 minutes. If the adjustment does not take effect for several times (2-3 times), it should be suspected that there are other problems, such as the actual feed amount exceeding the set amount or the oxygen flowmeter being distorted. At this time, the batching amount and the feed amount, the total pipe flow and the branch pipe flow should be checked in time.

[0204] 9.1.7 When the slag grade is high and the temperature is low, the temperature requirement should be met first, and then the slag grade is adjusted to be lower. When the slag grade is adjusted to be lower, it usually takes 2-4 hours to reflect.

[0205] 9.2. Control of the boiler outlet temperature

[0206] The boiler outlet temperature is generally controlled within the range of 380-450℃. The main influencing factors are as follows:

[0207] 9.2.1 Sulfur content of the concentrate: the higher the sulfur content, the higher the outlet temperature.

[0208] 9.2.2 Lead content of the slag: when the slag grade is low, the outlet temperature is correspondingly higher.

[0209] 9.2.3. Effect of boiler ash cleaning: When the vibration is on, the outlet temperature will rise, and if the inlet temperature is high, the outlet temperature will rise faster and it is difficult to reduce; when the pulse ash cleaner is used, the outlet temperature will first rise and then fall; when the straight-lift flue vibration is on, the temperature will correspondingly decrease.

[0210] 9.2.4. When the slag line is higher or lower, the outlet temperature will rise.

[0211] 9.2.5. The outlet temperature will rise with the increase of the amount of coal added and decrease with the increase of the amount of ash added.

[0212] 10. Common accident handling

[0213] 10.1. Control room related faults

[0214] 10.2. Draft

[0215] During normal production, the SO2 fan in the acid making workshop is used for draft to ensure the micro-negative pressure operation of the bottom blowing furnace; if the negative pressure is small due to acid making failure or the flue gas of the bottom blowing furnace overflows, the frequency of the warm air blower can be increased to increase the draft of each flue gas overflow point to reduce the external exhaust, check whether there is ash blocking in the system, and timely eliminate the fault to restore the micro-negative pressure operation of the system.

[0216] 10.3. Power failure

[0217] After the external power supply fails, the EPS will automatically supply power, and the converter should be immediately turned to the accident position, the water jacket emergency water valve is opened in time to supply water, the boiler steam valve is manually adjusted to maintain pressure, the cause is found as soon as possible, and if the converter cannot be turned out of the production position due to power failure, the emergency preparation work for slag leakage should be done well.

[0218] 10.4. Alloy port

[0219] 10.4.1. Large alloy flow running alloy

[0220] ① Cause:

[0221] 1) High slag level;

[0222] 2) Thick alloy layer in the furnace, lower or flush the siphon port;

[0223] 3) High liquid level in the furnace running the converter;

[0224] ② Treatment:

[0225] 1) Increase the alloy overflow port with yellow mud before turning in, and lower the slag after the converter is turned into the production position;

[0226] 2) Observe the alloy flow and turn the ingot casting machine to change the alloy mold in time, and block the siphon port to lower the slag as soon as possible;

[0227] 3) If the control is not good during normal production, the converter should be turned out in time for treatment.

[0228] 10.4.2 Siphon tapping

[0229] ① Cause:

[0230] 1) The siphon is not closed by the low alloy layer;

[0231] 2) The slag line is too high;

[0232] 3) The oxygen-charge ratio is seriously out of balance, the bottom alloy in the furnace is re-oxidized, and the alloy layer is too low.

[0233] ② Treatment:

[0234] 1) Adjust the slag grade in time, strictly control the slag line to maintain an appropriate alloy layer, and clean the slag in the siphon after tapping in time, and control the slag tapping interval;

[0235] 2) Adjust the oxygen-charge ratio and the amount of coal charged into the furnace in time;

[0236] 3) Measure and control the alloy liquid level at the siphon post at regular intervals, and pay attention to the change of the alloy liquid level.

[0237] 10.5, Slag hole

[0238] 10.5.1, Adjust the furnace condition in time when the slag is thin

[0239] ① Performance of thin slag:

[0240] 1) The material level in the ash bin drops rapidly;

[0241] 2) The flue gas temperature is low;

[0242] 3) The ash is yellow.

[0243] 4) The slag on the probe rod is thin or even not sticking to the rod.

[0244] ② Treatment:

[0245] 1) Adjust the oxygen-charge ratio in time;

[0246] 2) Increase the amount of charge into the furnace;

[0247] 3) Stop or reduce the amount of coal and ash added.

[0248] 10.5.2, Slag sticking and not coming out, with extremely poor flowability.

[0249] First, reduce the material or adjust the oxygen-charge ratio. If the amount of coal is increased, the flue gas temperature is high, and the slag temperature is high, the coal can be reduced. If the slag sticks to the slag chute, the slag line is high or the slag has not been discharged for a long time, the amount of material should be reduced and the slag should be brought out with an oxygen pipe or by burning oxygen while observing the flow of the slag. If the slag line is low, the slag hole should be blocked to prevent the slag from sticking and filling the slag chute. After half an hour, the slag is discharged to adjust the situation.

[0250] 10.5.3, Alloy liquid out of the slag hole

[0251] ①Reason: If the siphon fluctuates little and the alloy outflow is small, the siphon may be blocked or the alloy layer is too thick; the oxygen-material ratio is seriously out of adjustment, causing slag-lead separation.

[0252] ②Treatment:

[0253] ①The alloy outlet has been out of the alloy for a long time, and the converter should be treated.

[0254] ②Adjust the oxygen-material ratio, and stabilize the slag-lead to about 42%.

[0255] 10.6, Downstream smoke, and slag

[0256] 10.6.1, Reason:

[0257] ①Small negative pressure

[0258] ②Slag line is too high

[0259] ③Coal is too much

[0260] ④The downstream amount suddenly increases.

[0261] 10.6.2, Treatment: Contact the sulfuric acid section to increase the SO2 fan frequency to increase the furnace negative pressure, and timely slag and coal to ensure uniform downstream.

[0262] 10.7, Nitrogen branch pipe fault (after valve station)

[0263] 10.7.1, Nitrogen pressure valve fault, after turning out the furnace, it still cannot act, first adjust the branch valve to about 0.3Mpa, or open the main pipe bypass, notify the instrument worker to repair in time.

[0264] 10.7.2, Nitrogen and oxygen main pipe pressure and branch pipe pressure difference is small, flow is not up:

[0265] Phenomenon: N2 main pipe pressure 1.4Mpa, branch pipe pressure 1.2Mpa, flow is lower than the set value, valve display is fully open, (usually oxygen pipe appears this phenomenon more)

[0266] Reason: Branch pipe or oxygen lance is blocked

[0267] Treatment: First check the branch pipe pressure transmitter, open the branch pipe bypass to check if the pressure changes, (if it changes, it means the transmitter or stop valve is faulty, pay attention to the small flow oxygen lance when checking to prevent blockage); if it has a small impact on production, replace the lance, if it has a small impact on production, close the water or nitrogen (one of the guns), pay attention to the oxygen flow change close to the normal value, then restore the water and nitrogen.

[0268] 10.8, Nitrogen main pipe fault (before valve station)

[0269] 10.8.1, Reason:

[0270] ①N2 total pipe pressure fluctuation is large (coal preparation or other gas consumption increases);

[0271] ②N2 pressure flow continues to decline, open pressure valve or reduce;

[0272] ③ sudden power failure

[0273] 10.8.2, Processing:

[0274] ① nitrogen pressure machine jump, first ask whether can restart, can't immediately converter, can restart, should be sent as soon as possible gas, should be in the total pipe pressure drop to 1.0Mpa before the alarm;

[0275] ② notify dispatch to oxygen station to try to stabilize N2 pressure, to ensure normal gas consumption, pressure valve opening slowly adjust;

[0276] ③ if power failure, immediately converter;

[0277] ④ specification gas management, gas conflict occurs when priority protection bottom side blowing furnace gas.

[0278] 10.9, oxygen failure

[0279] 10.9.1, power failure, oxygen station power failure should immediately converter

[0280] 10.9.2, oxygen compressor switching

[0281] ① pay close attention to O2 pressure (branch pipe pressure), total pipe O2 flow;

[0282] ② if switching machine makes O2 pressure too low, should be ready to convert at any time, ask if can restart, if can start short time pressure rise, normal production.

[0283] 10.9.3, oxygen station oxygen compressor trip

[0284] ① one trip, supplied by another, according to the oxygen material ratio down material quantity;

[0285] ② two simultaneous trip;

[0286] If you can send gas as soon as possible, pay attention to oxygen lance pressure (strictly prohibit the removal of oxygen lance interlock), if N / O switch after oxygen pressure rise "fault reset" close N / O switch, if can't restart or long time pressure drop, N / O switch pressure continues to drop, should be immediately converter.

[0287] 10.10, oxygen gun leakage

[0288] 10.10.1, Reason:

[0289] ① install the brick is not good or damaged; ② gun is not good or damaged;

[0290] ② Position (excessive) improper when loading, gun quality problems;

[0291] ③ gun burn loss is serious

[0292] ④ surrounding brick burn loss is serious or large area burn loss

[0293] 10.10.2, processing: converter change gun change brick, and find out the cause in time to make a good record;

[0294] 10.11, the belt of the ash metering is broken, the bucket elevator is out of stock and the bucket is out of stock, and the chain is broken.

[0295] 10.11.1, reason: operator, machine repairman did not timely inspection, eliminate the fault;

[0296] 10.11.2, processing:

[0297] ① pay attention to the slag flowability in the furnace, adjust the oxygen ratio if necessary, and repair as soon as possible;

[0298] ② for a long time, the ash is discharged into the accident bin and pulled to the raw material bin for batching.

[0299] 10.12, the lack of monitoring leads to the high material level in the ash bin, causing the scraper conveyor to stop running.

[0300] Processing: contact the machine repair personnel in time for processing, discharge the ash into the accident bin and pull it to the raw material bin for batching.

[0301] 10.13, after the furnace is turned into production position, the negative pressure at the inlet of the boiler is small

[0302] Reason: the pneumatic three-way switch valve leading to sulfuric acid is not opened in place, the system is connected with the side blowing smoke pipe, the sulfuric acid extraction amount is small, the boiler or electric dust collector has air leakage point, and the system is blocked by dust.

[0303] Processing: find out the reason and take measures in time.

[0304] 10.14, the outlet temperature of the boiler decreases rapidly or the negative pressure increases suddenly

[0305] Reason: boiler blockage

[0306] Processing: check and clean the converter.

[0307] 10.15, pipeline blockage, oven pneumatic three-way valve not converted

[0308] Phenomenon: insufficient negative pressure in the furnace, sulfuric acid over normal extraction does not meet the production needs.

[0309] Processing: pay attention to the monitoring and recording of the negative pressure changes in the system, and clean up the blockage when found

[0310] 10.16, Problems of electric dust collection:

[0311] Internal dust deposition in electric field, deformation of anode-cathode distance, dust deposition on cathode cabinet frame, breakage and falling of cathode wire, breakage of quartz sleeve, 95 porcelain falling, breakdown of wall bushing, falling and blocking of air flow distribution plate, dust blocking in ash bucket, overflow screw conveyor air leakage.

[0312] Treatment: Find out the cause and take timely measures to deal with it.

[0313] 10.17, Unloading valve is jammed and blocked by sundries

[0314] Treatment: Find out the cause and deal with it in time.

[0315] 10.18, Oxygen lance flange red, alloy leakage

[0316] Reason: The working section of oxygen lance is burned out, and the lance brick is partially burned through, usually accompanied by abnormal increase of water jacket water temperature.

[0317] Treatment: ① Timely monitor the changes of furnace wall temperature, oxygen lance nitrogen pressure and flow, and measure the length of oxygen lance when possible.

[0318] ② When alloy leakage is found, water cooling treatment is carried out.

[0319] ③ Timely deslagging and converter changing of lance.

[0320] 10.19, When burning accident alloy port, burning through furnace shell or damaging siphon top brick

[0321] Treatment: Cold furnace alloy port operator should be strengthened training, pay attention to the direction and range of siphon port. Strictly prohibit using oxygen pipe to blow siphon port in production position.

[0322] 11, Emergency converter of bottom blowing furnace (when one of the following conditions occurs, the emergency converter program should be entered)

[0323] 11.1, Due to slag port blockage not tight, or slag port too large, slag fluidity too strong, causing slag port to run slag, serious damage to equipment, endangering safety.

[0324] 11.2, When alloy port runs slag and alloy cannot be controlled.

[0325] 11.3, When the oxygen lance brick of the furnace is severely damaged, causing the furnace shell to be red and the furnace bottom to leak lead, and water spraying cannot reduce the temperature.

[0326] 11.4, When the transport belt or dosing machine and other equipment are seriously malfunctioning and cannot feed for a long time.

[0327] 11.5, Oxygen, nitrogen metal hose, or water jacket metal hose is burned out, serious leakage.

[0328] 11.6, Boiler water wall, convection tube bundle leakage, or boiler tube explosion occurs.

[0329] 11.7, Oxygen, nitrogen main pressure suddenly drops rapidly, below the limit and can not be restored.

[0330] 11.8, Sulfuric acid plant equipment failure, unable to receive flue gas.

[0331] 11.9, the main process circulating water failure of the bottom blowing furnace, can not be restored, resulting in water jacket water shortage, should be used in emergency water, and emergency converter, and inform the boiler water pump cooling water to start emergency cooling water.

[0332] 11.10, due to external reasons, the whole plant power failure.

[0333] 11.11, due to other workshop reasons, seriously affect the normal operation of the bottom blowing furnace, after the plant total adjustment room notice, immediately converter.

[0334] Summary:

[0335] The main points of the project to be adopted is the smelting process continuous and automatic control throughout the process, this technology not only saves energy and greatly reduces the production cost, but also effectively solves the environmental pollution and safety hidden trouble, and sulfur is well recovered, and the profit of the enterprise is increased.

[0336] The pure oxygen bottom blowing smelting-liquid slag reduction smelting method has the following characteristics:

[0337] 1. Strong adaptability to raw materials

[0338] The oxygen-enriched bottom blowing smelting furnace can directly process various grades of lead-antimony-antimony concentrate. Not only can it process brittle sulfur-antimony-lead concentrate, but also can mix and process various hazardous wastes containing heavy metals. According to the production needs, it is transported to the material pool in the raw material warehouse, and then the material is grabbed and dosed by the crane. The raw material warehouse dosing materials include hazardous wastes containing heavy metals, lead concentrate, limestone, quartzite, anthracite and other raw and auxiliary materials.

[0339] 2. Good environmental protection

[0340] (1) The smelting process is carried out in a closed bottom blowing furnace, and the micro-negative pressure operation of the smelting furnace can be stably controlled during production, which completely avoids the escape of SO2 flue gas;

[0341] (2) The stable high-concentration SO2 flue gas produced by the bottom blowing furnace is treated by two-stage absorption after two-stage conversion, and the tail gas emission meets the environmental protection requirements;

[0342] (3) Oxygen lance bottom blowing operation, the noise of the smelting workshop is small, which is lower than the allowable post noise specified in the national labor protection regulations;

[0343] (4) The smoke dust produced in the production process is sealed and transported back to the batching, effectively preventing the dispersion pollution of the smoke dust;

[0344] (5) The ventilation device is arranged at the siphon and the slag discharge port of the bottom blowing smelting furnace, preventing the diffusion of alloy vapor, and the antimony-lead alloy produced by the smelting furnace flows into the reverberatory furnace for blowing, and the high-antimony lead slag directly flows into the side blowing reduction furnace for reduction smelting, completely solving the pollution problems of smelting flue gas and metal dust.

[0345] (6) The concentrate and auxiliary materials are directly put into the furnace after batching and granulation without sintering and powdering operation;

[0346] (7) The charging and pre-furnace operation environment of the bottom blowing furnace is very good, completely changing the pollution phenomenon of the traditional blast furnace, and the dust content of the production post is 7 mg / m 3 , and the SO2 content of the sulfuric acid tail gas is less than 14 mg / m 3 , which are far lower than the national environmental protection standard.

[0347] (8) The bottom blowing smelting furnace adopts oxygen blowing, replacing the air blowing of the sintering machine-blower, and the flue gas emission is significantly reduced, and the smoke dust rate carried in the flue gas emptying process is reduced, and the reduction furnace emits 2 / 3 less flue gas than the blast furnace.

[0348] 3. Low energy consumption

[0349] (1) The bottom blowing furnace adopts industrial oxygen smelting, realizing complete self-heating smelting, and the raw materials entering the furnace do not need to be supplemented with coal;

[0350] (2) The waste heat boiler of the smelting furnace, the reduction furnace and the fuming furnace recovers waste heat, and a large amount of heat energy is utilized, and 0.9t-0.9t of steam (4.0MPa) can be produced for every 1t of crude lead produced;

[0351] (3) The hot slag produced by the smelting furnace directly flows into the reduction furnace through the slag groove for reduction reaction, and the heat energy is fully utilized, and the fuel consumption is greatly saved.

[0352] 4. High recovery rate

[0353] The recovery rate of valuable elements is as follows:

[0354] Sb Pb S Ag 95.2％ 98.6％ 99.3％ 98.5％

[0355] 5. High automation level

[0356] The oxygen-rich bottom blowing smelting process adopts a DCS control system, realizing centralized control of batching, granulation, oxygen supply, smelting, waste heat boiler, boiler circulating water, electric dust collection, high-temperature fan and other processes and equipment.

[0357] 6. High operation rate

[0358] (1) Bottom blowing furnace lining life is long, overhaul cycle is long;

[0359] (2) Oxygen-rich bottom blowing smelting furnace only stops feeding when overhauling or replacing oxygen lance;

[0360] (3) Actual production effective feeding operation rate is >95%, annual effective operation time is >8000h, i.e., >330d.

[0361] 7. Low production cost

[0362] Oxygen-rich bottom blowing smelting production process is simple, power and fuel consumption is small; production efficiency is high, and labor cost is low.

[0363] 8. Investment is saved

[0364] Oxygen-rich bottom blowing smelting-hot state slag direct reduction process, main equipment structure is simple, and cost is low, which can be purchased in China. Compared with the original process, 40%-60% of investment is saved, and the process flow configuration is short, and about 40% of land occupation is saved compared with other processes.

[0365] 9. Fast capital turnover

[0366] The process configuration is compact, the flow is short, the intermediate process is less, the intermediate material occupation is reduced, the product output speed is accelerated, and the process has the advantages of less occupation of flow capital and fast capital turnover.

[0367] The process flow of the project is briefly described as follows: after mixing concentrate and flux are prepared, granulated and sent to the pure oxygen bottom blowing smelting furnace for oxidation smelting, primary antimony-lead alloy and high-antimony lead slag are produced, the primary antimony-lead alloy is self-flowed into a mold, added to a reverberatory furnace by a double-hook crane for alloy blowing, the high-antimony lead slag is self-flowed into a side blowing reduction furnace for reduction smelting, and the flue gas produced by the smelting furnace is sent to a sulfuric acid plant for acid production after waste heat recovery by a waste heat boiler and dust collection by an electric dust collector.

[0368] The above-described embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, the description is more specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as the limitation of the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A smelting method for lead-antimony mixed ore based on bottom blowing smelting with industrial pure oxygen, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: 1) Ingredients: Mix lead-antimony mixed ore, quartz sand and limestone evenly in a mass ratio of 100:(2-10):(2-5). The lead-antimony mixed ore is brittle sulfur lead-antimony ore with a lead mass ratio of more than 15% and an antimony mass ratio of more than 10%. 2) Granulation: The mixture obtained in the above step is granulated into pellets with a particle size of 10-25mm and a moisture content of 7-9%; 3) Oxidation smelting: The pellets produced in the previous step are fed into an oxygen-enriched oxidation furnace for oxidation smelting. The mixture is desulfurized using an industrial pure oxygen oxidation process. The temperature is raised and controlled at the flue gas outlet temperature at the top of the furnace to be 750-850℃. The feeding operation is carried out according to the oxygen-to-material ratio, feeding rate, and slight negative pressure at the flue gas outlet at the top of the furnace, as determined by the raw material composition and furnace conditions. The resulting liquid lead-antimony oxide slag is fed into the reduction smelting through a chute. The oxygen-enriched oxidation furnace is used for oxidation smelting, and the specific operating conditions of the bottom-blown furnace process are as follows: ； The continuous feeding rate of the feeding operation is 18-25t / h, the output of liquid lead-antimony oxide slag is 9.0-12.5t / h, the liquid lead-antimony oxide slag contains 40%-45% lead, and is discharged from the slag outlet at the end of the bottom blown furnace. The height of the bottom surface of the slag outlet of the oxygen bottom blown furnace is 810mm. Repeated feeding, heating, and slag discharge are performed in a cyclical manner. The recovery rates of valuable elements are as follows: Sb>95%, Pb>98%, S>99%, Ag>98%.

2. The smelting method for lead-antimony mixed ore based on bottom blowing smelting with industrial pure oxygen according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 3) describes slag discharge. The slag discharge should be coordinated with the production of the reduction furnace. Slag should be discharged once every 2.5 hours. Before slag discharge, the liquid level should be 1150mm and after slag discharge, the liquid level should be 850mm. Record the data and time of each slag discharge.

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