A raise mining method using a float ball to reserve space

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of upper horizontal drift filling mining method using floating ball reserved space, stope is arranged along the trend of ore body, and the ore body in middle section is divided into subsection, each subsection is further divided into layer, and the ore body in layer is divided into interval arranged one-step mining drift and two-step mining drift perpendicular to the trend of ore body, the position of one-step mining drift or two-step mining drift of upper and lower layers corresponds to each other in plane, and the whole is sequentially mined from lower subsection to upper subsection and from lower layer to upper layer, production is organized with drift as production unit, and after the completion of drift mining, it is retreated to press the top, and the space reserved for pressing the top is used as blasting compensation space when filling the last layer of drift mining.The application has the advantages of safe operation, large stope production capacity, high efficiency, low cost and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mining technology, specifically relating to an upward horizontal approach filling mining method that utilizes the space reserved by a float. Background Technology

[0002] Backfilling mining is a mining method that involves filling the goaf with backfill material during ore extraction, transportation, and other operations. The purpose of backfilling is to support the rocks on both sides of the goaf and create a foundation for continued surface mining. It is suitable for deposits where the ore and surrounding rock are unstable and large exposed surfaces are not permitted; deposits where surface protection is needed; rare and precious metal or high-grade deposits; sulfide deposits with spontaneous combustion; and deposits with complex occurrence conditions. Because backfilling mining can maximize the recovery of mineral resources and protect the underground and surface environment, especially in recent years, with the continuous advancement of backfilling materials, processes, pipeline transportation equipment, and technology, it has been widely used in non-ferrous metal and precious metal mines. With the continuous reduction in backfilling costs and the sustained rise in mineral prices, backfilling, due to its irreplaceable advantages, is increasingly being used in mines such as coal and iron ore, which are traditionally unsuitable for backfilling.

[0003] Among various backfilling mining methods, the upward-slicing backfilling mining method is currently one of the most widely used mining methods in my country's metal and non-metal mines. This method is a bottom-up mining method that uses roadway access for mining and backfilling. The mining roadway operates under the roof after the ore has stabilized naturally or been supported. It is suitable for mining deposits where the ore and rock are not stable, but the ore body can basically ensure the stability of the mining roadway.

[0004] The upward horizontal approach filling mining method is suitable for mining ore and unstable surrounding rock ore bodies. The exposed area of ​​the roof is small, and the safety is more reliable. However, the approach construction requires full-face blasting technology, which has the problems of a large number of blast holes, long construction time, and high labor intensity, resulting in increased explosive consumption and production costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems of existing upward layered approach filling mining methods, this invention discloses an upward horizontal approach filling mining method utilizing the space reserved by buoys. This mining method includes the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Arrange the mining area along the strike of the ore body. Divide the ore body in the middle section into segments, and further divide each segment into layers. The ore body in each layer is divided into one-step mining access and two-step mining access perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. The one-step mining access or two-step mining access of the upper and lower layers corresponds to each other on the plane. Organize production with the access as the production unit. The whole mining is carried out in the order of segmenting from the bottom up and layering from the bottom up.

[0007] Step 2: For the first-step mining approach of the first section and first layer, construct a connecting roadway perpendicular to the strike direction of the ore body from the section horizontal roadway to the lower boundary of the ore body, then construct the approach horizontally to the upper boundary of the ore body. Next, perform a retreating roofing maneuver within the approach to the lower boundary of the ore body, forming a roofing space. During roofing, leave roof pillars at the designed intervals. After roofing is completed, construct a backfill retaining wall at the ore-rock boundary of the approach's lower side, then fill the approach with backfill material. Before the backfill connects to the roof, place floats within the approach. As the backfill height increases, the floats rise and fill the roofing space. The number of floats is determined according to the following formula:

[0008]

[0009] In the formula, N is the number of buoys, L is the length of the access route, l is the length of the roof pillar, n is the number of roof pillars, h is the height of the overburden space, v is the volume of a single buoy, and k is the adjustment coefficient, k = 1.1 to 1.2.

[0010] Step 3: After the filling body of the first layer of the first section reaches the design strength, the first layer of the first section is mined. A connecting roadway is constructed perpendicular to the strike direction of the ore body from the section level roadway to the lower boundary of the ore body, exposing the capping space of the lower one-step mining approach. As the mining face advances, the float is gradually released, and the lower capping space is formed by free-face blasting to the upper boundary of the ore body, creating the second layer of the one-step mining approach. Then, a retreating capping process is carried out within the approach to the lower boundary of the ore body, forming the capping space, and roof pillars are left according to the design spacing. After the capping is completed, in... A backfill retaining wall is constructed at the ore boundary of the lower footing of the access road. Then, the access road is filled with backfill material. Before the backfill reaches the roof, floats are placed inside the access road. The number of floats is determined according to the formula in step 2. As the backfill height increases, the floats rise and fill the roof space. After the backfill material of the first-step mining access road of the second layer of the first section reaches the design strength, the first-step mining access road of the third layer of the first section is mined. The mining and backfilling process is the same as that of the first-step mining access road of the second layer of the first section. This process is repeated until all the first-step mining access roads of the first section are mined.

[0011] Step 4: After all the one-step mining accesses in the first segment are completed, continue mining the one-step mining accesses in the second segment upwards. The mining and filling process is the same as the one-step mining access mining and filling process in Step 3. At the same time, start mining the two-step mining accesses in the first segment. The mining and filling process of the two-step mining accesses is the same as that of the one-step mining accesses. That is, the mining of the one-step mining accesses is carried out one segment ahead of the two-step mining accesses and is carried out synchronously. Production is organized in this way until the mining of the entire stope is completed.

[0012] Furthermore, the height of the middle section is 50-60m, the height of the segment is 9-12m, the height of the layer is 3-4m, the cross-sectional dimensions of the access road are 3-4m × 3-4m, and the height of the pressure space is 0.6-0.8m.

[0013] Furthermore, the width of the roof pillar is the same as the access width, and its length is 1.5 to 2 times the blasting cycle advance of the access.

[0014] Furthermore, long anchor cables are used for support at the roof pillars.

[0015] Furthermore, the length of the long anchor cable is equal to the height of the segment.

[0016] Furthermore, the first-step mining path is filled with a high-strength cemented backfill material, while the second-step mining path is filled with a low-strength cemented backfill material.

[0017] Furthermore, the high-strength cemented filler has a 28-day uniaxial compressive strength greater than or equal to 1 MPa, and the low-strength cemented filler has a 28-day uniaxial compressive strength of 0 to 0.5 MPa.

[0018] Furthermore, during the mining of the second and above layers within each segment, the connecting road is formed by the top of the connecting road corresponding to the next layer. The loose slag after the top is laid on the bottom plate to form the connecting road for the mining of the next layer. Before the transition layer, grouting is used to solidify the loose slag into a whole.

[0019] Furthermore, the float is a hollow sphere, with 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of its internal space filled with water, and the remaining internal space is a vacuum. The compressive strength of the float is greater than the pressure exerted on the float by the filling body and the roof rock mass.

[0020] Beneficial effects

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] (1) The mining efficiency is high and the production capacity is large. After the roadway construction is completed, by leaving a top pressure space, the mining of the upper layer roadway can be carried out by the downward top pressure blasting method, which effectively reduces the difficulty of mining blasting, shortens the number of boreholes and drilling time, greatly improves mining efficiency and increases mining production capacity.

[0023] (2) It can effectively reduce the cost of mining in the stope. On the one hand, by improving the efficiency and production capacity of mining in the stope, the cost per ton of ore can be effectively reduced; on the other hand, the approach mining has been optimized from traditional tunneling and blasting to downward pressure blasting, which reduces the difficulty of blasting and the consumption of explosives, and can also reduce mining costs.

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a horizontal approach filling mining method using a float-reserved space, as described in the embodiment.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a horizontal approach backfilling mining method utilizing the space reserved by the float in the embodiment.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the first segment and first layered approach mining method of the upward horizontal approach filling mining method using the reserved space of the float in the embodiment.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the first segment and first layer of the top-filling approach in an upward horizontal approach filling mining method that utilizes the space reserved by the float in the embodiment.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the first segment and first layer of the upward horizontal approach filling mining method using reserved space by floats, as described in the embodiment.

[0030] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged diagram of point A in the diagram.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the first segment and second layered approach mining method of the upward horizontal approach filling mining method using the space reserved by the float in the embodiment.

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the first segment and second layered approach for top capping in an upward horizontal approach filling mining method that utilizes the space reserved by the float in the embodiment.

[0033] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the first segment and second layered approach filling of an upward horizontal approach filling mining method that utilizes the space reserved by the float in the embodiment.

[0034] The numbers on the map are: 1—section level roadway, 2—connecting roadway, 3—first-stage mining access road, 4—second-stage mining access road, 5—overhead space, 6—roof pillar, 7—filling body, 8—filling retaining wall, 9—buoy, 10—water, 11—long anchor cable, 12—loose slag. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of various embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] This invention provides an upward horizontal approach filling mining method utilizing the space reserved by a buoy. The mining method includes the following steps:

[0037] Step 1: Arrange the mining area along the strike of the ore body. Divide the ore body in the middle section into segments, and further divide each segment into layers. The ore body in each layer is divided into one-step mining access road 3 and two-step mining access road 4 arranged at intervals, perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. The one-step mining access road 3 or two-step mining access road 4 in the upper and lower layers correspond to each other in the plane. Organize production with the access road as the production unit. The whole mining is carried out in the order of segmenting from the bottom up and layering from the bottom up.

[0038] Step 2: For the first-step mining approach 3 of the first section and first layer, construct the connecting roadway 2 perpendicular to the strike direction of the ore body from the section level roadway 1 to the lower boundary of the ore body, then construct the approach horizontally to the upper boundary of the ore body, and then perform a retreating roofing operation within the approach to the lower boundary of the ore body, forming a roofing space 5. During roofing, leave roof pillars 6 at the designed intervals. After the roofing is completed, construct a backfill retaining wall 8 at the ore-rock boundary of the approach footing, and then use backfill material 7 to backfill the approach. Before the backfill connects to the roof, place floats 9 within the approach. As the backfill height increases, the floats 9 rise and fill the roofing space 5. The number of floats 9 is determined according to the following formula:

[0039]

[0040] In the formula, N is the number of buoys 9, L is the length of the access road, l is the length of the roof pillar 6, n is the number of roof pillars 6, h is the height of the roof space 5, v is the volume of a single buoy 9, and k is the adjustment coefficient, k = 1.1 to 1.2;

[0041] Step 3: After the filling body of the first-step mining approach 3 in the first section and first layer reaches the design strength, the first-step mining approach 3 in the second layer of the first section is mined. From the section level roadway 1, a connecting roadway 2 is constructed perpendicular to the strike direction of the ore body to the lower boundary of the ore body, exposing the overhead space 5 of the lower one-step mining approach 3. As the mining face advances, the float 9 is gradually released, and the lower overhead space 5 is blasted into a free face to fall ore to the upper boundary of the ore body, forming the second layer of the one-step mining approach 3. Then, the approach is further reinforced by retreating pressing. The top reaches the lower boundary of the ore body, forming a top pressure space 5, and roof pillars 6 are left according to the design spacing; after the top pressure is completed, a backfilling retaining wall 8 is constructed at the ore-rock boundary of the lower foot of the access road, and then the access road is filled with backfilling body 7. Before the backfilling reaches the top, floats 9 are placed in the access road. The number of floats 9 is determined according to the formula in step 2. As the backfilling height increases, the floats 9 rise and fill the top pressure space 5... This cycle continues until all the one-step mining access roads 3 of the first section are mined out.

[0042] Step 4: After all the one-step mining access routes 3 in the first segment are mined out, continue mining the one-step mining access routes 3 in the second segment upwards. The mining and filling process is the same as that of the one-step mining access route 3 in Step 3. At the same time, start mining the two-step mining access routes 4 in the first segment. The mining and filling process of the two-step mining access routes 4 is the same as that of the one-step mining access routes 3. That is, the mining of the one-step mining access routes 3 is carried out in advance of the mining of the two-step mining access routes 4 in one segment. Production is organized in this way until the mining of the entire stope is completed.

[0043] Furthermore, the height of the middle section is 50-60m, the height of the segment is 9-12m, the height of the layer is 3-4m, the cross-sectional dimensions of the access road are 3-4m × 3-4m, and the height of the pressure space 5 is 0.6-0.8m.

[0044] Furthermore, the width of the roof pillar 6 is the width of the access road, and its length is 1.5 to 2 times the advance of the access road mining blasting cycle.

[0045] Furthermore, the six roof pillars are supported by long anchor cables 11.

[0046] Furthermore, the length of the long anchor cable 11 is equal to the height of the segment.

[0047] Furthermore, the first-step mining path 3 is filled with a high-strength cemented backfill material, and the second-step mining path 4 is filled with a low-strength cemented backfill material.

[0048] Furthermore, the high-strength cemented filler has a 28-day uniaxial compressive strength greater than or equal to 1 MPa, and the low-strength cemented filler has a 28-day uniaxial compressive strength of 0 to 0.5 MPa.

[0049] Furthermore, during the mining of the second and above layers within each segment, the connecting road 2 is formed by the top of the connecting road 2 corresponding to the next layer. The loose slag 12 after the top is laid on the bottom plate to form the connecting road 2 for the mining of the next layer. Before the layer is transferred, the loose slag 12 is solidified into a whole by grouting.

[0050] Furthermore, the float 9 is a hollow sphere, with 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of its internal space filled with water 10, and the remaining internal space is a vacuum. The compressive strength of the float 9 is greater than the pressure exerted on the float 9 by the filling body 7 and the top rock mass.

[0051] See Figures 1-9 The upward horizontal approach filling mining method using the space reserved by the float 9 shown in the figure is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The mining method includes the following steps:

[0052] Step 1: Arrange the mining area along the strike of the ore body. The ore body in the middle section is divided into segments, and each segment is further divided into layers. Within each layer, the ore body is divided perpendicularly to the strike of the ore body into alternating one-step mining access roads 3 and two-step mining access roads 4. The one-step mining access roads 3 or two-step mining access roads 4 of the upper and lower layers correspond to each other in plan view. Production is organized by access road as the production unit. The overall mining is carried out in the order of segmenting from bottom to top and layering from bottom to top. The height of the middle section is 60m, the height of the segments is 12m, the height of the layers is 4m, the cross-sectional dimensions of the access road are 4m×4m, and the height of the capping space 5 is 0.6m.

[0053] Step 2: The first-step mining approach 3 of the first section and first layer is constructed from the section level roadway 1 perpendicular to the strike direction of the ore body, through a connecting roadway 2 to the lower boundary of the ore body. Then, the approach is constructed horizontally to the upper boundary of the ore body. Next, a retreating roof is constructed within the approach to the lower boundary of the ore body, forming a roof space 5. During roof construction, roof pillars 6 are installed at designed intervals. The width of the roof pillars 6 is the width of the approach, and their length is 1.5 to 2 times the blasting cycle advance of the approach. Long anchor cables 11 are used for support at the roof pillars 6, with the length of the anchor cables 11 equal to the height of the section. After the roof construction is completed, a backfill retaining wall 8 is constructed at the ore-rock boundary of the approach. Then, backfill material 7 is used to backfill the approach. The first-step mining approach 3 uses high-strength cemented backfill material, with a 28-day uniaxial compressive strength greater than or equal to 1 MPa. Before filling the top, a float 9 is placed in the inlet. The float 9 is a hollow sphere, with half of its internal space filled with water 10, and the remaining internal space is a vacuum. The float 9 has a certain compressive strength. As the filling height increases, the float 9 rises and fills the top space 5. The number of floats 9 is determined according to the following formula:

[0054]

[0055] In the formula, N is the number of buoys 9, L is the length of the access road, l is the length of the roof pillar 6, n is the number of roof pillars 6, h is the height of the overburden space 5, v is the volume of a single buoy 9, and k is the adjustment coefficient, k = 1.1 to 1.2.

[0056] Step 3: After the filling body of the first-stage mining approach 3 in the first section and first layer reaches the design strength, the first-stage mining approach 3 in the second layer of the first section is mined. A connecting roadway 2 is constructed perpendicular to the strike direction of the ore body from the section level roadway 1 to the lower boundary of the ore body, exposing the capping space 5 of the lower one-stage mining approach 3. As the mining face advances, the float 9 is gradually released, and the lower capping space 5 is blasted free-face to the upper boundary of the ore body, forming the second layer of the one-stage mining approach 3. Then, a retreating capping process is carried out within the approach to the lower boundary of the ore body, forming the capping space 5. Roof pillars 6 are left at the designed intervals. The width of the roof pillar 6 is the width of the approach, and its length is 1.5 to 2 times the advance of the blasting cycle in the approach. Long anchor cables 11 are used for support at the roof pillars 6, and the length of the long anchor cables 11 is equal to the height of the section. After the top sealing is completed, a backfill retaining wall 8 is constructed at the ore boundary of the lower footing of the access road. Then, the access road is filled with backfill body 7. Before the backfill is connected to the top, floats 9 are placed in the access road. The number of floats 9 is determined according to the formula in step 2. As the backfill height increases, the floats 9 rise and fill the top sealing space 5... This cycle continues until all the one-step mining access roads 3 of the first segment are mined out.

[0057] Step 4: After all the layers of the first-step mining approach 3 in the first segment are mined out, continue mining upwards through the second-step mining approach 3 in the second segment. The mining and backfilling process is the same as that of the first-step mining approach 3 in Step 3. Simultaneously, begin mining the second-step mining approach 4 within the first segment. The mining and backfilling process for the second-step mining approach 4 is the same as that of the first-step mining approach 3, meaning that the mining of the first-step mining approach 3 precedes the mining of the second-step mining approach 4 by one segment, proceeding synchronously. This production is organized until the entire stope is mined out. The second-step mining approach 4 is filled with low-strength cemented backfill material, which has a 28-day uniaxial compressive strength of 0–0.5 MPa.

[0058] During the second and subsequent mining operations within each segment, the connecting road 2 is formed by the top of the connecting road 2 corresponding to the next segment. The loose slag 12 after the top is laid on the bottom plate to form the connecting road 2 for the mining of the next segment. Before the transition, the loose slag 12 is solidified into a whole by grouting.

[0059] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for upward horizontal approach filling mining utilizing the space reserved by a buoy, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Arrange the mining area along the strike of the ore body. Divide the ore body in the middle section into segments, and further divide each segment into layers. The ore body in each layer is divided into one-step mining access and two-step mining access perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. The one-step mining access or two-step mining access of the upper and lower layers corresponds to each other on the plane. Organize production with the access as the production unit. The whole mining is carried out in the order of segmenting from the bottom up and layering from the bottom up. Step 2: For the first-step mining approach of the first section and first layer, construct a connecting roadway perpendicular to the strike direction of the ore body from the section horizontal roadway to the lower boundary of the ore body, then construct the approach horizontally to the upper boundary of the ore body. Next, perform a retreating roofing maneuver within the approach to the lower boundary of the ore body, forming a roofing space. During roofing, leave roof pillars at the designed intervals. After roofing is completed, construct a backfill retaining wall at the ore-rock boundary of the approach's lower side, then fill the approach with backfill material. Before the backfill connects to the roof, place floats within the approach. As the backfill height increases, the floats rise and fill the roofing space. The number of floats is determined according to the following formula: In the formula, N The number of floats, L For route length, l The length of the roof pillar. n This represents the number of roof pillars. h The height of the pressure ceiling space. v For the volume of a single buoy, k To adjust the coefficient, k= 1.1~1.2; Step 3: After the backfill material of the first layer of the first section reaches the design strength, the first-step mining approach of the second layer of the first section is mined. A connecting roadway is constructed perpendicular to the strike direction of the ore body from the section level roadway to the lower boundary of the ore body, exposing the capping space of the lower one-step mining approach. As the mining face advances, floats are gradually released, and ore is blasted down to the upper boundary of the ore body using the lower capping space as a free face to form the second layer of the one-step mining approach. Then, the capping is applied backward in the approach to the lower boundary of the ore body to form the capping space, and roof pillars are left according to the design spacing. After the capping is completed, a backfill retaining wall is constructed at the ore-rock boundary of the approach, and then the approach is backfilled with backfill material. Before the backfilling reaches the top, floats are placed in the approach, the number of floats being the same as in Step 2. The formula in the text determines that as the filling height increases, the float rises and fills the top space; after the filling body of the first section second layer of the first step mining approach reaches the design strength, the first step mining approach of the first section third layer is mined, and the mining and filling process is the same as the mining and filling process of the first section second layer of the first step mining approach... This cycle continues until the mining of all layers of the first section of the first step mining approach is completed; Step 4: After all the one-step mining accesses in the first segment are completed, continue mining the one-step mining accesses in the second segment upwards. The mining and filling process is the same as the one-step mining access mining and filling process in Step 3. At the same time, start mining the two-step mining accesses in the first segment. The mining and filling process of the two-step mining accesses is the same as that of the one-step mining accesses. That is, the mining of the one-step mining accesses is carried out one segment ahead of the two-step mining accesses and is carried out synchronously. Production is organized in this way until the mining of the entire stope is completed.

2. The upward horizontal approach filling mining method utilizing the space reserved by the float as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the middle section is 50-60m, the height of the segment is 9-12m, the height of the layer is 3-4m, the cross-sectional dimensions of the access road are 3-4m × 3-4m, and the height of the pressure space is 0.6-0.8m.

3. The upward horizontal approach filling mining method utilizing the space reserved by the float as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the roof pillar is the same as the width of the access road, and its length is 1.5 to 2 times the advance of the blasting cycle in the access road mining.

4. The upward horizontal approach filling mining method utilizing the space reserved by the buoy as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The roof pillars are supported by long anchor cables.

5. The upward horizontal approach filling mining method utilizing the space reserved by the float as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The length of the long anchor cable is equal to the height of the segment.

6. The upward horizontal approach filling mining method utilizing the space reserved by the float as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The first-stage mining path is filled with high-strength cemented backfill material, while the second-stage mining path is filled with low-strength cemented backfill material.

7. The upward horizontal approach filling mining method utilizing the space reserved by the buoy, as described in claim 6, is characterized in that: The high-strength cemented filler has a 28-day uniaxial compressive strength greater than or equal to 1 MPa, and the low-strength cemented filler has a 28-day uniaxial compressive strength of 0~0.5 MPa.

8. The upward horizontal approach filling mining method utilizing the space reserved by the float as described in claim 1, characterized in that: During the second and subsequent mining operations within each segment, the connecting road is formed by the top of the connecting road corresponding to the next segment. The loose slag after the top is laid on the bottom plate to form the connecting road for the mining of the next segment. Before the transition, grouting is used to solidify the loose slag into a whole.

9. The upward horizontal approach filling mining method utilizing the space reserved by the float as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The buoy is a hollow sphere, with 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of its internal space filled with water and the remaining internal space being a vacuum. The compressive strength of the buoy is greater than the pressure exerted on the buoy by the filling body and the roof rock mass.

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