A method and device for monitoring the stability of a stope in a downward drift of a mine

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of monitoring method and device suitable for the stability of mine downward drift stope, belong to underground mining area technical field.The application includes in step stope filling body in situ pressure sensor, monitoring the pressure change condition suffered by filling body, in two steps, displacement sensor is laid in drift, roof displacement is monitored, under the cooperative monitoring of pressure sensor and displacement sensor, the stability change condition of pillar and roof is analyzed, whether the roof fall, rib spalling danger of stope is analyzed and predicted, the safety of stope operation surface is judged.The application solves the problem of high filling cost in the existing downward drift mining method, can maximize the recovery of ore resources under complex geological conditions, reduce the filling cost while ensuring the safety of stope operation surface, especially suitable for two-step stope not connected to the roof of underground mining.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of underground mining area, in particular to a monitoring method and device suitable for the stability of a downward drift stope in a mine. BACKGROUND

[0002] The downward drift sublevel filling mining method requires the filling body to have high strength so as to form a stable artificial false roof, thereby ensuring the safety of the operating personnel and equipment. During the drift recovery process, no support is generally provided. Due to the high strength requirement of the filling body, the filling cost of the mine is high. How to ensure the safety of the stope working face and reduce the filling cost is a problem to be solved in the mine using the downward drift cemented filling method, and has certain economic and social benefits.

[0003] In the prior art, a downward drift partial filling mining method is disclosed in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN106014410A. The mining area is divided into alternating interval filling layers and complete filling layers in the vertical direction. The interval filling layers and the complete filling layers are each divided into a plurality of alternating blocks. The interval filling layers and the complete filling layers are arranged orthogonally. The ore body is mined by downward drift layer by layer.

[0004] However, the process method provided in the above-mentioned technology has the risk of roof fall. During the two-step drift recovery, the filling bodies on both sides have the risk of collapse. Moreover, the mining and filling cost is high.

[0005] In view of these defects, it is necessary to design a monitoring method and device suitable for the stability of a downward drift stope in a mine. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application aims to provide a monitoring method and device suitable for the stability of a downward drift stope in a mine. Under the cooperative monitoring of the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor, the stability change of the ore pillar and the roof is analyzed. Whether the roof fall and rib spalling danger occurs in the stope is predicted. The safety of the stope working face is evaluated. The ore resources can be recovered to the maximum extent under complex geological conditions. The filling cost is reduced while the safety of the stope working face is ensured. The problems in the prior art can be solved.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a monitoring method suitable for the stability of a downward drift stope in a mine, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: The ore body is divided into panels for mining. According to the shape of the ore body, the recovery drift can be arranged along the strike direction of the ore body or perpendicular to the strike direction of the ore body. The sublevel connection roadway is connected to each sectional roadway through the mining area ramp. The sublevel connection roadway is excavated from the sectional along-vein transportation roadway to the ore body. The mining preparation cutting is performed in sequence.

[0009] Step two, from the section along the vein transport lane to the central part of the panel mining field, the sublevel communication lane, the sublevel tunnel is excavated until the upper or lower disc of the ore body, and then the mining is carried out in the form of horizontal approach along the strike of the ore body, and each panel has multiple approaches for simultaneous mining;

[0010] Step three, the same sublevel approach is mined in multiple steps, after the end of one-step approach mining, the filling is carried out, the pressure sensor is arranged inside the one-step approach false floor and one-step approach roof filling body, the above filling body is used as the ore pillar of two-step approach mining, supports the roof of the working face, monitors the pressure of the filling body, and analyzes and predicts whether the rib spalling danger occurs;

[0011] Step four, after the two-step approach mining in the same sublevel, the displacement sensor is arranged on the roof and floor of the approach to monitor the roof subsidence and analyze and predict whether the roof fall danger occurs;

[0012] Step five, after the first sublevel ore body is fully mined and the filling is completed, the second sublevel sublevel communication lane and sublevel tunnel are excavated from the section along the vein transport lane to the central part of the panel mining field, and then the ore body is mined and filled, and the process is repeated until the mining of the ore body is completed.

[0013] Preferably, before the implementation of the panel ore mining work, the roof sublevel construction is carried out first, and the high-ash sand ratio filling slurry is used to form the roof sublevel filling body.

[0014] Preferably, the cutting sequence of the preparation and cutting engineering is the slope of the mining area, the section along the vein transport lane, the sublevel communication lane, the sublevel tunnel and the mining approach in turn.

[0015] Preferably, the mining process includes drilling, charging, blasting, ventilation, prying, ore removal and support.

[0016] A monitoring device suitable for the stability of a downward approach mining field in a mine also includes a preparation engineering and a cutting engineering, the preparation engineering comprises a section along the vein transport lane, a slope of a mining area, a chute, a return air communication lane and a return air roadway, a middle section transport roadway is arranged at the front end of the section along the vein transport lane, a slope of a mining area is arranged on the middle section transport roadway, and a chute is arranged between the section along the vein transport lane and the middle section transport roadway.

[0017] Preferably, the cutting engineering comprises a sublevel communication lane, a sublevel tunnel, a filling return air shaft, a personnel ventilation shaft and a filling roadway, the sublevel communication lane is arranged at the rear end of the section along the vein transport lane, one end of the sublevel communication lane is communicated with the sublevel tunnel, the sublevel tunnel is provided with the filling roadway on both sides, the filling return air shaft is arranged in the filling roadway, and the personnel ventilation shaft is arranged in the sublevel tunnel.

[0018] Preferably, in the preparation and cutting processes, only the layered roadways are arranged inside the vein, while the other processes are arranged outside the vein.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] This invention proposes a method and device for monitoring the stability of down-entry mining areas. By deploying pressure sensors within the backfill material in the first-stage mining area to monitor pressure changes, and displacement sensors within the second-stage mining approach to monitor roof displacement, the stability changes of the pillars and roof are analyzed through the coordinated monitoring of pressure and displacement sensors. This allows for the prediction of potential roof collapses and spalling hazards, and an assessment of the safety of the working face. Compared to conventional down-entry cemented backfilling, this method allows for timely monitoring of pillar stress changes and roof subsidence, enabling the analysis and prediction of mining stability and ensuring the safety of life and property during mining operations. It also maximizes ore resource recovery under complex geological conditions, reducing backfilling costs while maintaining working face safety. This method is particularly suitable for underground mining where the second-stage mining area is not directly connected to the roof, solving the problem of high backfilling costs in down-entry mining. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a two-step filling non-top-connected downward approach mining method according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Section II-II;

[0023] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 Section III-III;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the layout of the first-layer, one-step mining route of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the arrangement of pressure sensors in the first-stage, one-step mining route of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the layout of the first layered two-step mining route of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the arrangement of the first layered two-step approach displacement sensor of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the second and third layer access routes of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 Section II-II;

[0030] Figure 10 Figure for pressure rate of change of two-step recovery entry pillar of the present application;

[0031] Figure 11 Figure for rate of change of roof subsidence of the entry of the present application.

[0032] In the figure: 1, sublevel along-vein haulage roadway; 2, sublevel crossheading; 3, slope of the mining area; 4, chute; 5, sublevel roadway; 6, back air filling shaft; 7, manway air shaft; 8, middle section haulage roadway; 9, air crossheading; 10, air roadway; 11, short hole; 12, filling roadway; 13, recovery entry; 14, filling body; 15, roof-supporting sublevel filling body; 16, one-step recovery entry; 17, one-step recovery entry false floor; 18, pressure sensor; 19, one-step entry roof-contacting filling body; 20, two-step recovery entry; 21, two-step recovery entry false floor; 22, displacement sensor; 23, non-roof-contacting entry; 24, second and third sublevel mining and filling entry. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0034] In order to solve the technical problems of roof fall risk of the process method entry, collapse danger of the two-side filling body during two-step recovery entry, and high mining and filling cost in the prior art, please refer to Figures 1-11 The technical solutions provided in the embodiments are as follows:

[0035] A monitoring method suitable for the stability of a downward entry stope in a mine, comprising the following steps:

[0036] Step one, division of ore body for panel mining, according to the shape of the ore body, the recovery entry 13 can be arranged along the strike direction of the ore body or perpendicular to the strike direction of the ore body, and each sublevel roadway is connected through the slope of the mining area 3, the sublevel crossheading 2 is excavated from the sublevel along-vein haulage roadway 1 to the ore body, and the mining preparation cutting is sequentially performed according to the order, and the mining preparation cutting order is in turn the slope of the mining area 3, the sublevel along-vein haulage roadway 1, the sublevel crossheading 2, the sublevel roadway 5 and the recovery entry 13.

[0037] Step two, before the implementation of the mining of the ore in the panel, first of all, the construction of the roof layer, using high ash sand ratio filling slurry to form the roof layer filling body 15, from the section along the vein transport lane 1 to the central part of the panel stope, excavate the layer contact lane 2, layer roadway 5 until the upper or lower panel of the ore body, then along the strike of the ore body in the form of horizontal approach for mining, each panel has multiple approaches for simultaneous mining, the mining process includes: drilling, charging, blasting, ventilation, prying, ore and support.

[0038] Step three, the same layer approach is mined in multiple steps, after the end of one-step approach mining 16, cemented filling is carried out, a pressure sensor 18 is arranged inside the one-step approach mining false floor 17 and one-step approach roof filling body 19, when two-step mining is carried out, the above filling body serves as the ore pillar of two-step mining approach 20, supports the roof of the working face, monitors the pressure of the filling body, and analyzes whether the rib spalling danger occurs.

[0039] Step four, after the approach mining of the same layer two-step mining approach 20, displacement sensors 22 are arranged on the roof and floor of the approach to monitor the roof subsidence and analyze whether the roof fall danger occurs.

[0040] Step five, after the completion of the first layer ore body mining and filling, the second layer layer contact lane 2 and layer roadway 5 are excavated from the section along the vein transport lane 1 to the central part of the panel stope, and then the ore body mining and filling are carried out, and so on until the end of the ore body mining.

[0041] In the above scheme, a 3-year field industrial test is carried out in a certain downward approach cemented filling mining method mine, and remarkable results are obtained. In order to investigate the change of the approach stability, the numerical change rate is used to quantify the evaluation, the more continuous increase of the data, the more unstable the approach is. According to the comprehensive monitoring situation, the roof of the approach does not appear continuous large change, the daily average subsidence is greater than 5mm for 9 times, the maximum value is 29.08mm / d, the pressure of the roof approach filling body also does not appear continuous large change, the daily average change is greater than 0.2MPa for 9 times, the maximum value is 0.99MPa. The working face early warning and prediction is 18 times, which avoids the safety risk of working face production.

[0042] A monitoring device suitable for the stability of the downward approach stope of a mine, further comprising a preparation engineering and a cutting engineering, the preparation engineering comprises a section along the vein transport lane 1, a mining area slope 3, a chute 4, a return air contact lane 9 and a return air flat lane 10, the front end of the section along the vein transport lane 1 is provided with a middle section transport flat lane 8, the middle section transport flat lane 8 is provided with the mining area slope 3, and the section along the vein transport lane 1 and the middle section transport flat lane 8 are provided with the chute 4.

[0043] The cutting engineering comprises a layered connecting lane 2, a layered lane 5, a filling return air shaft 6, a manway ventilation shaft 7 and a filling lane 12, the layered connecting lane 2 is arranged at the rear end of the vein transportation lane 1, one end of the layered connecting lane 2 is communicated with the layered lane 5, the filling lanes 12 are arranged on both sides of the layered lane 5, the filling return air shaft 6 is arranged in the filling lane 12, and the manway ventilation shaft 7 is arranged in the layered lane 5.

[0044] Among them, only the layered lane 5 in the preparation and cutting engineering is arranged in the vein, and other engineering is arranged outside the vein.

[0045] In summary: the monitoring method for the stability of the downward drift stope suitable for the mine provided by the present application can monitor the change of the pillar pressure and the displacement of the stope roof, and can grasp the stability of the mining operation surface in time. The ore body is divided into panels for mining, and according to the shape of the ore body, the recovery drift 13 can be arranged along the direction of the ore body or perpendicular to the direction of the ore body. By arranging the pressure sensor 18 in the stope filling body in one step, the change of the pressure borne by the filling body is monitored, the displacement sensor 22 is arranged in the two-step recovery drift 20 to monitor the roof displacement, and under the cooperative monitoring of the pressure sensor 18 and the displacement sensor 22, the stability change of the pillar and the roof is analyzed, whether the stope is in danger of roof falling and rib spalling is predicted, and the safety of the stope operation surface is judged. Compared with the conventional downward drift cemented filling, the stress change of the pillar and the subsidence of the roof are grasped in time, the stope stability is analyzed and predicted, the life and property safety of the stope operation is ensured, the ore resources can be recovered to the maximum extent under complex geological conditions, the filling cost is reduced while the safety of the stope operation surface is ensured, and the method is suitable for the underground mining of the two-step stope without roof connection.

[0046] The above merely describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can make equivalent replacements or changes to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present application within the technical range disclosed by the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring the stability of a mine's underhand drift stope, characterized by, It comprises the following steps: Step one, ore body division panel mining, according to the shape of the ore body, the recovery of the access (13) is arranged along the strike direction of the ore body, through the slope (3) of the mining area connecting each section of the roadway, from the section along the vein transport roadway (1) to the ore body excavation layer contact roadway (2), and according to the order of mining cutting; Step two, from the section along the vein transport roadway (1) to the central part of the panel stope, excavate the layer contact roadway (2), the layer roadway (5) until the upper or lower panel of the ore body, and then recover along the strike direction of the ore body in the form of horizontal access, each panel has multiple access simultaneously recovery; Step three, the same layer access is recovered in multiple steps, after the one-step recovery access (16) is recovered, the cemented filling is carried out, the pressure sensor (18) is arranged inside the one-step recovery access false bottom (17) and the one-step recovery access roof filling body (19), when the two-step recovery, the above filling body is used as the ore pillar of the two-step recovery access (20), which supports the roof of the working face and monitors the pressure of the filling body to analyze and predict whether the rib spalling danger occurs; Step four, after the two-step recovery access (20) of the same layer is recovered, the roof and floor of the access are not filled, the displacement sensor (22) is arranged to monitor the roof subsidence and analyze and predict whether the roof fall danger occurs; Step five, after the first layer of the ore body is recovered and the filling is completed, the second layer of the layer contact roadway (2) and the layer roadway (5) are excavated from the section along the vein transport roadway (1) to the central part of the panel stope, and then the ore body recovery and filling are carried out, and the above steps are repeated until the ore body recovery is completed.

2. A method for monitoring the stability of a stope in an underhand drift mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before the panel ore recovery work is implemented, the roof layer construction is carried out, and the high ash sand ratio filling slurry is used to form the roof layer filling body (15).

3. A method for monitoring the stability of a stope in an underhand drift mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mining cutting sequence is the slope (3) of the mining area, the section along the vein transport roadway (1), the layer contact roadway (2), the layer roadway (5) and the recovery access (13) in turn.

4. A method for monitoring the stability of a stope in an underhand drift mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The recovery process comprises drilling, charging, blasting, ventilation, prying, ore extraction and support.

5. A monitoring system for the stability of a sublevel drift stope in a mine, applied to a monitoring method for the stability of a sublevel drift stope in a mine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a mining preparation project and a cutting project, the mining preparation project comprises the section along the vein transport roadway (1), the slope (3) of the mining area, the chute (4), the air return contact roadway (9) and the air return flat roadway (10), the front end of the section along the vein transport roadway (1) is provided with the middle section transport flat roadway (8), the middle section transport flat roadway (8) is provided with the slope (3) of the mining area, and the section along the vein transport roadway (1) and the middle section transport flat roadway (8) are provided with the chute (4).

6. A system for monitoring the stability of a stope in an underground mine drift according to claim 5 wherein: The cutting project comprises the layer contact roadway (2), the layer roadway (5), the filling air return shaft (6), the pedestrian ventilation shaft (7) and the filling roadway (12), the rear end of the section along the vein transport roadway (1) is provided with the layer contact roadway (2), one end of the layer contact roadway (2) is communicated with the layer roadway (5), both sides of the layer roadway (5) are provided with the filling roadway (12), the inside of the filling roadway (12) is provided with the filling air return shaft (6), and the inside of the layer roadway (5) is provided with the pedestrian ventilation shaft (7).

7. A system for monitoring the stability of a stope in an underground mine drift according to claim 5 wherein: The slicing engineering and cutting engineering only have the layered roadway (5) arranged in the vein, and other engineering is arranged outside the vein.

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