Nanoparticle transport device and method for particle capture and long-distance transport

Abstract

The present invention discloses a nanoparticle transport device, comprising a silica substrate, a droplet-shaped gold nanoarray, polarized light waves, and nanoparticles; the silica substrate serves as a substrate; the droplet-shaped gold nanoarray is disposed on the silica substrate and serves as a driving unit, interacting with the polarized light field to form an excited local electric field to capture and directionally transport nanoparticles; the polarized light wave is used to provide a light source, interacting with the droplet-shaped gold nanoarray to generate an evanescent field; the nanoparticles serve as the objects to be captured and transported; the droplet-shaped gold nanoarray includes a periodically arranged droplet-shaped plasma gold nanostructure, which is composed of a droplet-shaped tail and a circular body, and the transport direction of the nanoparticles forms a certain angle with the droplet-shaped tail. The present invention can achieve more stable capture with lower light power, and also enables the device to achieve highly operational transport of target particles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of light manipulation technology, and in particular to a nanoparticle transport device and a method for capturing and long-distance transporting particles. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the development of lab-on-a-chip systems for precision medical diagnostics and biosensing, high-precision particle manipulation has become increasingly important. Optical trapping has surpassed the diffraction limit at the nanoscale by leveraging the advantages of surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Plasmonic configurations and techniques enable the localization of electromagnetic fields to hotspots much smaller than the free-space wavelength, serving as non-invasive tools for capturing and sorting nanoparticles, detecting viruses, immobilizing DNA, and assembling living cells. Because field enhancement stems from the excitation of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) modes on metal surfaces, the exploration of novel metal nanostructures with high trapping efficiency has been a major goal in this field. Higher electric field intensities can be achieved at the sharp corners of these metal nanostructures, such as bow ties, square plates, pyramids, and nanopores. However, due to the highly localized hotspots, transferring particles from one hotspot to another is challenging. Transferring trapped particles between trapping locations requires spatial overlap between adjacent optical potential wells. Recently, researchers have successfully transported particles using wavelength-selective structures, such as nanorods and C-shaped nanopores, by periodically varying the excitation wavelength to switch the hotspot locations. Furthermore, nanorings and nanoellipses have been proposed as units of optical conveyor belts, controlling the continuous movement of hotspots along smooth contours by rotating the polarization direction of the excitation beam. Although regular symmetric structures provide larger hotspots, the optical potential wells generated by such structures have low stiffness, resulting in reduced trapping efficiency.

[0003] Existing technologies, such as patent number CN114308395B, use a bowtie structure to sort nanoparticles by different resonant wavelengths, which can only achieve the sorting of nanoparticles of different sizes; patent number CN111834028A uses a silicon trimer to control the polarization direction to allow nanoparticles to move within a small range of the silicon trimer, which can only achieve the capture of nanoparticles and the movement of nanoparticles within a small range within the trimer. With the advancement of nanomanufacturing technology, we need to go beyond conventional structures, break geometric constraints, and improve the performance of the entire system. Nanomanufacturing technology requires the use of lower optical power to achieve more stable capture of nanoparticles, and also requires the transportation of nanoparticles with high operability, especially the realization of directional long-distance transportation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings, the present invention provides a nanoparticle transport device and a method for particle capture and long-distance transport. The present invention is different from traditional solutions and different from traditional regular structures. It proposes a teardrop-shaped structure composed of triangles and circles. While the structure has good followability to the excitation light source, it can generate extremely strong local field strength in specific areas under special polarization conditions, so that more stable capture can be achieved with lower light power. By rotating the polarization angle of the light source to control the directional transport of target particles, high-precision and high-operability transportation of target nanoparticles can be achieved.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides a nanoparticle transport device, which is a nanoparticle transport device based on a water droplet-shaped plasma gold nanostructure, and comprises a silica substrate, a water droplet-shaped gold nanoarray, polarized light waves, and nanoparticles; the silica substrate serves as a substrate for the nanoparticle transport device; the water droplet-shaped gold nanoarray is disposed on the silica substrate and serves as a driving unit, interacting with the polarized light field to form an excited local electric field to capture and directional distance transport of nanoparticles; the polarized light wave is used to provide a light source and interacts with the water droplet-shaped gold nanoarray to generate an evanescent field; the nanoparticles serve as the objects to be captured and transported;

[0006] The droplet-shaped gold nanoarray includes periodically arranged droplet-shaped plasma gold nanostructures, each of which is composed of an isosceles triangle-shaped droplet-shaped tail and a circular body. Each of the droplet-shaped plasma gold nanostructures is spaced a certain distance apart, and there is a certain angle between the transport direction of the nanoparticles and the droplet-shaped tail.

[0007] According to one aspect of the present invention, the incident direction of the polarized light wave is perpendicular to the silicon dioxide substrate.

[0008] According to one aspect of the present invention, the polarization direction of the polarized light wave is consistent with the direction of the teardrop-shaped tail.

[0009] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a method for using the above-mentioned nanoparticle transport device for particle capture and long-distance transport, comprising the following steps:

[0010] Step 1: First, model the nanoparticle transport device and determine the three-dimensional decomposition direction. Then, calculate the excited electric field distribution of the nanoparticle transport device on the transverse section when illuminated by circularly polarized uniformly polarized light waves at different polarization angles in the Z direction.

[0011] Step 2: Determine the size of the nanoparticle transport device and the specific arrangement of the droplet-shaped plasmonic gold nanostructures;

[0012] Step 3: Quantitatively analyze the nanoparticle capture capability of the nanoparticle transport device. First, use the Maxwell tensor method or volume method to calculate the three-dimensional decomposition of the photosynthetic force under linearly polarized light in the (x, y, z) directions, namely, Fx, Fy, and Fz. Analyze the optical forces exerted on the three components above the droplet-shaped gold nanoparticle array to determine the effective capture range of the nanoparticles.

[0013] Step 4: Determine the polarization rotation angle of the light source during transportation based on the unique droplet-shaped structure of the droplet-shaped plasmonic gold nanostructure and the arrangement of the drive unit array;

[0014] Step 5: Calculate the ability of the nanoparticle transport device to capture nanoparticles and transport target particles under the condition of changing the polarization rotation angle according to step 4.

[0015] According to one aspect of the present invention, in step 3, the quantitative analysis of the ability of the nanoparticle transport device to capture nanoparticles is specifically as follows: quantitatively analyzing the capture potential energy of the nanoparticles captured by the nanoparticle transport device; taking the final value of the potential energy as the energy reference point, integrating the force in one dimension along the desired direction to obtain the potential energy; when the potential energy is greater than 1K B T, the particles can overcome the Brownian force and be confined in the potential well; the greater the potential energy, the more stable the capture of nanoparticles, where K B is the Boltzmann constant, and T is the temperature.

[0016] According to one aspect of the present invention, in step 4, determining the polarization rotation angle of the light source during transportation is specifically determined by the following steps:

[0017] By sequentially changing the polarization rotation angle of the light source, the droplet-shaped plasmonic gold nanostructure is excited to generate local excitation field strengths at different positions, thereby directionally transporting target particles by addressing hotspots.

[0018] According to one aspect of the present invention, in step 5, the calculation process of the ability of the nanoparticle transport device to capture nanoparticles includes: quantitatively analyzing the capture potential energy of the nanoparticles captured by the nanoparticle transport device; taking the final value of the potential energy as the energy reference point, integrating the force along the desired direction in one dimension to obtain the potential energy; when the potential energy is greater than 1K B T, the particles can overcome the Brownian force and be confined in the potential well; the greater the potential energy, the more stable the capture of nanoparticles, where K B is the Boltzmann constant, and T is the temperature.

[0019] According to one aspect of the present invention, the nanoparticle transport device is in an aqueous environment, and the refractive index of water is 1.33.

[0020] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0021] (1) The present invention proposes a nanoparticle transport device based on a water droplet-shaped plasmonic gold nanostructure. Utilizing the particularity of the water droplet-shaped structure, when the polarization direction of light is consistent with the tail direction of the water droplet-shaped structure, an extremely strong local excitation electric field can be generated, thereby achieving effective capture of target particles within a large longitudinal range with relatively low optical power.

[0022] (2) The droplet-shaped plasmonic gold nanostructures of the present invention have obvious differences in their excitation responses to polarized light sources with different polarization angles. This characteristic can be utilized to periodically arrange the gold nanostructures in a certain manner to construct a nanotransporter, and sequentially change the polarization angle of the light source to achieve controllable directional transport of target particles.

[0023] (3) The feasibility of this design was analyzed using the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method and the Maxwell stress tensor method. Simulation results show that, with the help of localized plasmon resonance, this design method can achieve the capture and controllable transport of nanoparticles. Compared with traditional particle transport methods, this method requires less optical power and has higher operational controllability. This method provides a new design approach for optical micro-nano manipulation devices and their application in large-scale on-chip laboratory integration.

[0024] The following will further explain it in conjunction with specific implementation methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the partial structure of the nanoparticle transport device according to the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0026] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the partial structure of the nanoparticle transport device according to the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0027] Figure 3 The local distribution diagram of the electric field in the xy plane in the droplet-shaped plasma gold nanostructure when uniformly polarized light waves at different polarization angles are vertically incident;

[0028] Figure 4 (a) The optical force on the target nanoparticle in the X direction at the tip of the droplet-shaped tail and the edge of the circular body of the droplet-shaped plasmonic gold nanostructure; Figure 4 (b) The optical force on the target nanoparticle in the Y direction at the tip of the droplet-shaped tail and the edge of the circular body of the droplet-shaped plasmonic gold nanostructure; Figure 4 (c) The electric potential in the X direction at the tip of the droplet-shaped tail and the edge of the circular body of the droplet-shaped plasmonic gold nanostructure; Figure 4(d) The potential in the Y direction at the tip of the droplet-shaped tail and the edge of the circular body of the droplet-shaped plasmonic gold nanostructure;

[0029] Figure 5 (a) is the electric field intensity distribution under a polarized light source with a polarization angle of 90°; Figure 5 (b) is the electric field intensity distribution under a polarized light source with a polarization angle of 150°; Figure 5 (c) is the electric field intensity distribution under a polarized light source with a polarization angle of 60°; Figure 5 (d) shows the electric potential of the nanoparticle transport device of the present invention in the X direction at 90°, 150° and 60° in sequence.

[0030] Description of the accompanying drawings: 1. Silicon dioxide substrate; 2. Water droplet-shaped plasmonic gold nanostructure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, the specific embodiments of the present invention are now described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by "front", "back", "up", "down", "left", "right", "longitudinal", "horizontal", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "head", "tail", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are constructed and operated in specific directions. They are only for the convenience of describing the technical solution and do not indicate that the devices or components referred to must have specific directions. Therefore, they should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0032] It should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, terms such as "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed", and "set" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. When an element is referred to as being "on" or "under" another element, the element can be "directly" or "indirectly" located on the other element, or there may be one or more intervening elements. The terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only for the convenience of describing the present technical solution, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second", "third", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0033] In the following description, specific details such as particular system structures and techniques are provided for purposes of illustration, not limitation, to facilitate a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments without these specific details. In other cases, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail.

[0034] On the one hand, the present invention provides a nanoparticle transport device based on a water droplet-type plasma gold nanostructure in order to solve its technical problems, such as Figure 1-2 As shown, the nanoparticle transport device includes a silicon dioxide substrate 1, a water droplet-shaped gold nanoarray, polarized light waves and nanoparticles;

[0035] The silica substrate 1, as the substrate of the water droplet-shaped gold nanoarray, mainly plays the role of supporting the water droplet-shaped gold nanoarray, and silica is a common material for manufacturing optical chips and will not react with the sample solution placed therein;

[0036] The droplet-shaped gold nanoarray is arranged on the silicon dioxide substrate 1 and acts as a driving unit to form an excited local electric field with the polarized light field. Figure 3 As shown, nanoparticles are captured and transported in a directed manner;

[0037] The polarized light waves are used to provide a light source and interact with the water droplet-shaped gold nanoarray to generate an evanescent field; the nanoparticles are used as objects to be captured and transported.

[0038] In this embodiment, if Figure 1-2 As shown, the droplet-shaped gold nanoarray includes periodically arranged droplet-shaped plasma gold nanostructures 2, each droplet-shaped plasma gold nanostructure 2 is composed of an isosceles triangle-shaped droplet-shaped tail and a circular body, each droplet-shaped plasma gold nanostructure 2 is spaced a certain distance f apart, and the transport direction of the nanoparticles (see Figure 1 There is a certain angle α between the X-axis direction) and the teardrop-shaped tail; wherein, the base of the isosceles triangle is L, the height is e, the diameter of the circle is D, the thickness of the teardrop-shaped plasma gold nanostructure is h, and the diameter of the nanoparticle is d.

[0039] In this embodiment, the distance f between the water droplet-shaped plasma gold nanostructures 2 is 110 nm, and the transport direction of the nanoparticles (see Figure 1The angle α between the X-axis direction of the isosceles triangle and the water drop-shaped tail is 150°, the base L of the isosceles triangle is 144 nm, the height e of the isosceles triangle is 95 nm, the diameter D of the circle is 330 nm, the thickness h of the water drop-shaped plasma gold nanostructure is 35 nm, and the diameter d of the nanoparticle is 100 nm; the incident direction of the polarized light is perpendicular to the direction of the silicon dioxide substrate 1, the wavelength of the light wave is 1550 nm, and the light wave intensity is 1 W / μm 2 .

[0040] The present invention achieves the capture and transport of nanoparticles in a water droplet-shaped gold nanoarray by changing the deflection angle of polarized light waves: changing the electric field distribution of the nanoparticle transport device, thereby changing the optical force and potential energy of the nanoparticles in the water droplet-shaped gold nanoarray; specifically, the method of changing the deflection angle of polarized light waves to change the capture and transport of nanoparticles in the water droplet-shaped gold nanoarray includes the following two processes:

[0041] Plane-polarized light capture of nanoparticles: Nanoparticle capture is studied using polarized light perpendicular to the plane of the droplet-shaped gold nanoarray, with the polarization direction aligned with the droplet-shaped tail of the droplet-shaped plasmonic gold nanostructure. Specifically, the optical force is calculated using the Maxwell tensor method or the volume method. The final value of the potential energy is used as the energy reference point, and the force is integrated one-dimensionally along the desired direction to obtain the potential energy. This is used to quantitatively analyze the particle size and capture location of the captured nanoparticles.

[0042] Nanoparticle sorting by changing the deflection angle of polarized light: This method uses sequential switching of the polarization angle of polarized light to transport nanoparticles. Addressable hotspots are periodically excited within the nanoparticle transport device structure, and these periodically changing localized hotspots are used to manipulate target particles (nanoparticles), achieving controlled, directional transport of the target particles.

[0043] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for using a nanoparticle transport device to capture and transport particles over long distances, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0044] Step 1: First, model the nanoparticle transport device and determine the direction of the three-dimensional decomposition; then calculate the distribution of the excited electric field on the transverse section of the nanoparticle transport device when it is illuminated by a circularly polarized uniformly polarized light wave at different polarization angles in the Z direction, see Figure 3 ;

[0045] Step 2: Determine the size of the nanoparticle transport device and the specific arrangement of the droplet-shaped ionic gold nanostructures according to the designed transport steps.

[0046] By continuously varying the parameters of the droplet-shaped gold nanostructure and optimizing the structural parameters of the nanoparticle sorting device, the optimal structure was achieved. The researchers determined that the droplet-shaped gold nanostructure was constructed by interlocking an isosceles triangle and a circle. The base L of the isosceles triangle was 144 nm, the height e was 95 nm, and the diameter D of the circle was 330 nm. The droplet-shaped gold nanoarray was arranged periodically with a spacing f of 110 nm, with the tail of the droplet at an angle α of 150° to the transport direction.

[0047] Step 3: Quantitatively analyze the ability of the nanoparticle transport device to capture nanoparticles; first use the Maxwell tensor method or volume method to calculate the three-dimensional photosynthetic force under linearly polarized light, i.e., decompose the three components Fx, Fy, and Fz in the (x, y, z) directions. Analyze the light force exerted on the three components 5nm above the tip of the droplet-shaped gold nanoparticle to obtain the effective capture range of the particles. Figure 4 ; Comparative analysis was conducted on the situation above the original edge, verifying the advantages of the teardrop-shaped structure;

[0048] Step 4: Based on the special droplet-shaped structure of the droplet-shaped gold nanoarray as the driving unit and the arrangement of the droplet-shaped gold nanoarray, the polarization rotation angles of the light source during transportation are determined to be: 90°, 150°, and 60°;

[0049] Step 5: Calculate the spatial overlap between the three optical potential wells of the target particles under the condition of changing the light polarization angle according to step 4. The potential well depth is effectively stable, which verifies the effectiveness of the above-designed scheme for transporting target nanoparticles. Figure 5 .

[0050] In this embodiment, the quantitative analysis of the ability of the nanoparticle sorting device to capture gold nanoparticles in step 3 is specifically as follows: quantitatively analyzing the capture potential energy of the nanoparticles captured by the nanoparticle transport device; taking the final value of the potential energy as the energy reference point, integrating the force in one dimension along the desired direction to obtain the potential energy; when the potential energy is greater than 1K B T, the particles can overcome the Brownian force and be confined in the potential well; the greater the potential energy, the more stable the capture of nanoparticles, where K B is the Boltzmann constant, and T is the temperature.

[0051] In this embodiment, in step 5, the calculation process of the ability of the nanoparticle transport device to capture nanoparticles includes: quantitatively analyzing the capture potential energy of the nanoparticles captured by the nanoparticle transport device; taking the final value of the potential energy as the energy reference point, integrating the force along the desired direction in one dimension to obtain the potential energy; when the potential energy is greater than 1K B T, the particles can overcome the Brownian force and be confined in the potential well; the greater the potential energy, the more stable the capture of nanoparticles, where K B is the Boltzmann constant, and T is the temperature.

[0052] In this embodiment, in step 4, by sequentially switching the polarized light deflection angles of 90°, 150°, and 60°, the controllable directional transport of target nanoparticles can be achieved by addressing hot spots.

[0053] In this embodiment, the nanoparticle sorting device structure is in a water environment, and the refractive index of water is 1.33.

[0054] The present invention proposes a nanoparticle transport device based on a water droplet-shaped plasmonic gold nanostructure. Utilizing the particularity of the water droplet-shaped structure, when the polarization direction of light is consistent with the tail direction of the water droplet-shaped structure, an extremely strong local excitation electric field can be generated, thereby achieving effective capture of target particles over a large longitudinal range with low optical power.

[0055] At the same time, the droplet-shaped plasmonic gold nanostructure has obvious differences in its excitation response to polarized light sources with different polarization angles. This characteristic can be used to periodically arrange the gold nanostructures in a certain way to construct a nanotransporter, and sequentially change the polarization angle of the light source to achieve controllable directional transport of target particles.

[0056] The feasibility of this design was analyzed using the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method and the Maxwell stress tensor method. Simulation results demonstrate that, with the help of localized plasmon resonance, this design method can achieve the capture and controllable transport of nanoparticles. Compared with traditional particle transport methods, this method requires less optical power and has higher operational controllability. This method provides a new design approach for optical micro-nanomanipulation devices and their application in large-scale lab-on-a-chip integration.

[0057] It should be noted that Figure 3 As can be seen, the local field intensity generated by the surface of the water droplet structure closely follows the direction of light polarization. Furthermore, the tip of the droplet is excited to generate a relatively fixed local field intensity. When the polarization angle of light is less than 60°, the tip of the droplet generates an excited field intensity. This characteristic allows us to select a specific deflection angle to achieve the transport of target particles.

[0058] It should be noted that there are Figure 4 It can be seen that under the same optical power conditions, the tip has a wider capture range and stronger capture ability than the round edge. The capture ability (potential well depth) differs by two times, and the difference in the capture range in the y direction is about 200nm.

[0059] It should be noted that there are Figure 5 It can be seen that periodically changing the polarization direction of light can provide effective local field strength. From the capture potential well diagram, it can be seen that the three capture potential wells overlap in the x-direction, which can achieve effective directional transport.

[0060] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A nanoparticle transport device, characterized in that: The nanoparticle transport device is a nanoparticle transport device based on a water droplet-shaped plasma gold nanostructure, comprising a silica substrate, a water droplet-shaped gold nanoarray, polarized light waves, and nanoparticles; the silica substrate serves as the substrate of the nanoparticle transport device; the water droplet-shaped gold nanoarray is disposed on the silica substrate and serves as a driving unit, interacting with the polarized light field to form an excited local electric field to capture and directional distance transport of nanoparticles; the polarized light wave is used to provide a light source and interact with the water droplet-shaped gold nanoarray to generate an evanescent field; the nanoparticles serve as the objects to be captured and transported; The droplet-shaped gold nanoarray includes periodically arranged droplet-shaped plasma gold nanostructures, each of which is composed of an isosceles triangle-shaped droplet-shaped tail and a circular body. Each of the droplet-shaped plasma gold nanostructures is spaced a certain distance apart, and there is a certain angle between the transport direction of the nanoparticles and the droplet-shaped tail.

2. The nanoparticle transport device according to claim 1, characterized in that The incident direction of the polarized light wave is perpendicular to the silicon dioxide substrate.

3. The nanoparticle transport device according to claim 1, characterized in that The polarization direction of the polarized light wave is consistent with the direction of the water drop-shaped tail.

4. A method for using the nanoparticle transport device according to claim 1 for particle capture and long-distance transport, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: First, model the nanoparticle transport device and determine the three-dimensional decomposition direction. Then, calculate the excited electric field distribution of the nanoparticle transport device on the transverse section when illuminated by circularly polarized uniformly polarized light waves at different polarization angles in the Z direction. Step 2: Determine the size of the nanoparticle transport device and the specific arrangement of the droplet-shaped plasmonic gold nanostructures; Step 3: Quantitatively analyze the nanoparticle capture capability of the nanoparticle transport device. First, use the Maxwell tensor method or volume method to calculate the three-dimensional decomposition of the photosynthetic force under linearly polarized light in the (x, y, z) directions, namely, Fx, Fy, and Fz. Analyze the optical forces exerted on the three components above the droplet-shaped gold nanoparticle array to determine the effective capture range of the nanoparticles. Step 4: Determine the polarization rotation angle of the light source during transportation based on the unique droplet-shaped structure of the droplet-shaped plasmonic gold nanostructure and the arrangement of the drive unit array; Step 5: Calculate the ability of the nanoparticle transport device to capture nanoparticles and transport target particles under the condition of changing the polarization rotation angle according to step 4.

5. The method for particle capture and long-distance transport according to claim 4, characterized in that In step 3, the quantitative analysis of the ability of the nanoparticle transport device to capture nanoparticles is specifically as follows: quantitatively analyzing the capture potential energy of the nanoparticles captured by the nanoparticle transport device; taking the final value of the potential energy as the energy reference point, integrating the force in one dimension along the desired direction to obtain the potential energy; when the potential energy is greater than 1K B T, the particles can overcome the Brownian force and be confined in the potential well; the greater the potential energy, the more stable the capture of nanoparticles, where K B is the Boltzmann constant, and T is the temperature.

6. The method for particle capture and long-distance transport according to claim 4, characterized in that In step 4, the polarization rotation angle of the light source during transportation is determined by the following steps: By sequentially changing the polarization rotation angle of the light source, the droplet-shaped plasmonic gold nanostructure is excited to generate local excitation field strengths at different positions, thereby directionally transporting target particles by addressing hotspots.

7. The method for particle capture and long-distance transport according to claim 4, characterized in that In step 5, the calculation process of the nanoparticle transport device's ability to capture nanoparticles includes: quantitatively analyzing the capture potential energy of the nanoparticles captured by the nanoparticle transport device; taking the final value of the potential energy as the energy reference point, integrating the force along the desired direction in one dimension to obtain the potential energy; and when the potential energy is greater than 1K B T, the particles can overcome the Brownian force and be confined in the potential well; the greater the potential energy, the more stable the capture of nanoparticles, where K B is the Boltzmann constant, and T is the temperature.

8. The method for particle capture and long-distance transportation according to claim 4, characterized in that The nanoparticle transport device is in a water environment, and the refractive index of water is 1.33.

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