A grafting method for rapid transformation of low-yield pepper trees

Abstract

The invention discloses a grafting method for rapid transformation of low-yield Chinese prickly ash trees, relates to the field of forest tree breeding and propagation technology, and comprises the following steps: (1) scion pretreatment: collecting 1-year-old branches that have not yet sprouted as fringe strips for moisturizing and refrigerated preservation; (2) stock pretreatment: selecting Chinese prickly ash seedlings with an age of more than 5 years as stock, retaining the original trunk and one of the main branches of the stock mother tree, and retaining the remaining main branches by 10-15cm for cutting and fixing; (3) grafting: chipped bud grafting; (4) post-grafting management: after the graft survives, the buds on the stock and the remaining main branches are not wiped out or pruned, and the remaining main branches are cut off from the roots before sprouting in the second year. The branches sprouted by the scion retain 3-5 branches as the main branches of the whole tree according to the situation. The inventive method significantly reduces post-grafting management input, saves costs, and improves the survival rate of Chinese prickly ash grafting, which is suitable for promotion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of forest tree breeding and reproduction, and more particularly to a grafting method for quickly transforming low-yield prickly ash trees. Background Art

[0002] Zanthoxylum bungeanum is an important woody oilseed and spice tree species widely cultivated in my country. Taking advantage of favorable terrain and climatic conditions in the hilly and mountainous areas of western Henan, the total cultivated area of ​​Zanthoxylum bungeanum exceeds 1 million mu (approximately 1,000,000 mu). Of this, 480,000 mu (approximately 46%) of the total area is planted with pepper trees under three years old, while 560,000 mu (approximately 53%) are planted with pepper trees four years old and older, representing the fruiting period. Over half of the pepper trees are in their fruiting and high-yield phase. However, the hilly areas of western Henan suffer from blind introduction of new varieties, a mixed variety, and a lack of scientific and standardized management. Furthermore, due to the poor soil conditions in the hilly areas, Zanthoxylum bungeanum requires effective irrigation, but the hilly gullies lack artificial irrigation, relying primarily on natural rainfall. Consequently, pepper plantations suffer from crude and extensive cultivation and management, resulting in low yields, low fruit set rates, and high mortality rates among young trees. These areas are plagued by frequent pests and diseases, suffer from premature tree aging, suffer from severe alternate bearing, and experience a short peak-yield period. This makes the transformation of low-yielding and low-yield Zanthoxylum bungeanum forests urgent.

[0003] Currently, the primary technology for transforming low-yield, low-efficiency forests is grafting. When pruning the rootstock, the original trunk and main branches of the tree are retained, leaving 10-15 cm of the main branches. Grafting is then performed on these branches. However, the survival rate of this grafted seedling is still affected by irrigation conditions, requiring frequent irrigation after grafting to ensure survival. Relying on natural rainfall, the survival rate is 50-60% in years with abundant rainfall. In drought, the survival rate drops below 50%. In severe droughts, grafted trees are unlikely to survive, and the entire plant is often dead. Furthermore, after grafting, bud removal is required to remove any sprouts from the rootstock.

[0004] Therefore, the existing technology of grafting and transforming pepper trees requires a large amount of management investment to ensure the survival rate of the grafted plants. The high management cost affects the enthusiasm of pepper farmers to transform inefficient and low-yield forests, restricts the promotion of improved pepper varieties and the healthy development of the pepper industry.

[0005] Therefore, how to provide a low-cost grafting technology to improve the survival rate of Zanthoxylum bungeanum grafting is a problem that needs to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a grafting method for quickly transforming low-yield Zanthoxylum bungeanum trees, thereby improving the grafting survival rate of low-yield and low-efficiency Zanthoxylum bungeanum gardens.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A grafting method for rapidly transforming low-yield Zanthoxylum bungeanum trees comprises the following steps:

[0009] (1) Scion pretreatment: Collect one-year-old branches that have not yet sprouted as scion cuttings, trim them into 15-20 cm segments, cut them flat at both ends, seal them with wax, and store them in a refrigerated place to keep them moist;

[0010] (2) Rootstock pretreatment: Select seedlings of Zanthoxylum bungeanum with an age of more than 5 years as rootstocks, retain the original trunk and one of the main branches of the rootstock mother tree, and cut the remaining main branches to 10-15 cm and fix the trunk;

[0011] (3) Grafting: after the Spring Equinox and before the Qingming Festival; Chipped bud grafting:

[0012] Cut the scion: Make a 4cm long diagonal cut 1-1.5cm above the bud of the scion, deep into the woody part. Make a 30° diagonal cut at the bottom of the first cut to remove the bud.

[0013] Cutting the rootstock: according to the size of the buds, remove the woody chips in the same way;

[0014] Cuttings and tying: Insert the bud into the cut of the rootstock close to the cut surface of the rootstock, butt the bark on both sides, and then tie it tightly with plastic strips, only covering the bud eye without sealing it;

[0015] (4) Management after grafting: After the graft is successful, do not remove the buds or prune the sprouts on the rootstock and the remaining main branches in the same year. Before the sprouts in the spring of the second year, cut off the remaining main branches from the roots. Depending on the situation, keep 3-5 branches of the sprouted branches from the scion as the main branches of the whole tree.

[0016] The present invention uses an innovative grafting modification method. In the year of grafting, a main branch is retained to provide nutrition to the entire tree, ensuring the survival of the old tree and allowing the grafted main branch to absorb nutrients, thus ensuring the survival and growth of the grafted bud. The remaining main branch is pruned the following year, and the branches that sprout from the scion are managed. The present method reduces the management input after conventional grafting, saves costs, significantly improves the grafting survival rate, and is suitable for promotion.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution, the scion in step (1) is collected from a high-quality Zanthoxylum bungeanum variety with straight branches, no mechanical damage, no diseases and insect pests, full buds, and strong growth, and one-year-old branches with a high degree of lignification, thick branches, and full buds are collected as scion cuttings.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution, the refrigeration temperature in step (1) is 2-4°C and covered with plastic film.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution, the scion pretreatment time in step (1) is February of the year of grafting, and the stock pretreatment time in step (2) is the day of grafting, and grafting is performed after cutting the stem.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution, a fruit tree wound healing agent is applied to the cuts made in step (2) for cutting the trunk and the stem, and the cuts made in step (4) for pruning the main branches.

[0021] Beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. Reduce management input after grafting and save costs.

[0023] 2. Significantly improve the survival rate of pepper grafting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of grafting (chip budding) provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram after grafting provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] A grafting method for rapid transformation of low-yield pepper trees

[0030] A low-yield pepper forest refers to a pepper forest whose yield per unit area is significantly lower than the average level of the same forest stand under similar site conditions, with the yield of fresh pepper per mu being less than 50 kg.

[0031] Test site: Huangjialing pepper project base in Mazhuang Village, Jinping Town, Yiyang County

[0032] (1) Scion pretreatment:

[0033] In February, before the buds sprout, select healthy Zanthoxylum bungeanum varieties with straight branches, no mechanical damage, no diseases and insect pests, plump buds, and strong growth. Also, collect one-year-old branches with a high degree of lignification, strong branches, and plump buds as spike cuttings. Prune them into 15-20 cm branch segments, cut flat at both ends, seal them with wax, wrap them with wet towels or wet newspapers to keep them moist, and refrigerate them at 2-4°C and cover them with plastic film.

[0034] The scion variety of Sichuan pepper is the thornless Sichuan pepper from Wudu, Gansu.

[0035] (2) Rootstock pretreatment: On the day of grafting, select a Zanthoxylum bungeanum seedling that is more than 5 years old as the rootstock. Keep the original trunk and one of the main branches of the rootstock mother tree, and cut the remaining main branches to 10-15 cm. Apply fruit tree wound healing agent to the cut ends.

[0036] (3) Grafting: after the Spring Equinox and before Qingming Festival;

[0037] Cut the scion: Make a 4cm long diagonal cut 1-1.5cm above the bud of the scion, deep into the woody part. Make a 30° diagonal cut at the bottom of the first cut to remove the bud.

[0038] Cutting the rootstock: according to the size of the buds, remove the woody chips in the same way;

[0039] Cuttings and binding: Insert the bud into the cut of the rootstock close to the cut surface of the rootstock, butt the bark on both sides, and then tie it tightly with plastic strips, only covering the bud eye without sealing it (see attached Figure 1 );

[0040] (4) Management after grafting: After the graft is established, do not remove the buds or prune the buds on the rootstock and the remaining main branches in the same year. Cut off the remaining main branches from the roots before budding in the spring of the second year. Depending on the situation, keep 3-5 branches of the scion as the main branches of the whole tree. Apply fruit tree wound healing agent (see attached) to the cut ends. Figure 2 ).

[0041] (5) Irrigation management is shown in Table 1 below.

[0042] Comparative Example 1

[0043] Test site: Huangjialing pepper project base in Mazhuang Village, Jinping Town, Yiyang County

[0044] (1) Scion pretreatment: same as in Example 1.

[0045] (2) Rootstock pretreatment: Select a Zanthoxylum bungeanum seedling that is more than 5 years old as the rootstock, retain the original trunk of the rootstock mother tree, and cut all the main branches to 10-15 cm before trimming them; apply fruit tree wound healing agent to the cut ends.

[0046] (3) Grafting: Same as Example 1.

[0047] (4) Management after grafting: Completely cut off the remaining main branches of the rootstock. Do not remove the buds or prune the sprouts on the rootstock in the same year. In the spring of the second year, retain 3-5 branches of the branches that sprout from the scion as the main branches of the whole tree according to the situation.

[0048] (5) Irrigation management is shown in Table 1 below.

[0049] Effect Example 1

[0050] The grafting method of Example 1 of the present invention achieved a 100% survival rate after preliminary experiments in 2021 and was further verified in 2022. The experimental process and data are detailed in Table 1.

[0051] Table 1

[0052] Comparison table of transformation methods for low-quality and low-efficiency 5-year-old pepper forests in 2022

[0053]

[0054]

[0055] As shown in Table 1, the grafting method of the present invention can significantly improve the grafting survival rate of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, save irrigation water and management costs, and has great promotion value.

[0056] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0057] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A grafting method for rapid transformation of low-yield Zanthoxylum bungeanum trees, characterized in that, The following steps are involved: (1) Scion pretreatment: Collect one-year-old branches that have not yet sprouted as scion cuttings, trim them into 15-20 cm segments, cut them flat at both ends, seal them with wax, and store them in a refrigerated place to keep them moist; (2) Rootstock pretreatment: Select seedlings of Zanthoxylum bungeanum with an age of more than 5 years as rootstocks, retain the original trunk and one of the main branches of the rootstock mother tree, and cut the remaining main branches to 10-15 cm and fix the trunk; (3) Grafting: after the Spring Equinox and before Qingming Festival; Cut the scion: Make a 4cm long diagonal cut 1-1.5cm above the bud of the scion, deep into the woody part. Make a 30° diagonal cut at the bottom of the first cut to remove the bud. Cutting the rootstock: according to the size of the buds, remove the woody chips in the same way; Cuttings and tying: Insert the bud into the cut of the rootstock close to the cut surface of the rootstock, butt the bark on both sides, and then tie it tightly with plastic strips, only covering the bud eye without sealing it; (4) Management after grafting: After the graft is successful, do not remove the buds or prune the sprouts on the rootstock and the remaining main branches in the same year. Before the sprouts in the spring of the second year, cut off the remaining main branches from the roots. Depending on the situation, keep 3-5 branches of the sprouted branches from the scion as the main branches of the whole tree.

2. the grafting method of a kind of low-yield Zanthoxylum bungeanum rapid transformation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, The scion in step (1) is collected from improved varieties of Zanthoxylum bungeanum with straight branches, no mechanical damage, no diseases and insect pests, full buds and strong growth, and one-year-old branches with high degree of lignification, strong branches and full buds are collected as scion.

3. the grafting method of a kind of low-yield Zanthoxylum bungeanum rapid transformation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, The refrigeration temperature in step (1) is 2-4° C. and the product is covered with a plastic film.

4. the grafting method of a kind of low-yield Zanthoxylum bungeanum rapid transformation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, The scion pretreatment time in step (1) is February of the grafting year, and the stock pretreatment time in step (2) is the grafting day, and the grafting is performed after cutting the stem.

5. the grafting method of a kind of low-yield Zanthoxylum bungeanum rapid transformation according to claim 1 is characterized in that, Apply a fruit tree wound healing agent to the cut ends of the trunk and the main branches in step (2) and the cut ends of the main branches in step (4).

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